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Intelectins are lectins (carbohydrate-binding proteins) expressed in humans and other chordates. Humans express two types of intelectins encoded by ITLN1 and ITLN2 genes respectively. Several intelectins bind microbe-specific carbohydrate residues. Therefore, intelectins have been proposed to function as immune lecti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfinamides are traditionally produced by the reaction of sulfinyl chlorides with primary or secondary amines. They also arise by the addition of Grignard reagents to sulfinylamines, followed by protonation:
:RMgX + RN=S=O → RS(O)(NRMgX)
:RS(O)(NRMgX) + HO → RS(O)(NRH) + "MgX(OH)"
Yet another route entails... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) values are based on dispersion bonds (δD), polar bonds (δP) and hydrogen bonds (δH). These contain information about the inter-molecular interactions with other solvents and also with polymers, pigments, nanoparticles, etc. This allows for rational formulations knowing, for example... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Due to every method of gene transfer having shortcomings, there have been some hybrid methods developed that combine two or more techniques. Virosomes are one example; they combine liposomes with an inactivated HIV or influenza virus. This has been shown to have more efficient gene transfer in respiratory epithelial ce... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The majority of clinically actionable pharmacogenetic variation occurs in genes that code for drug-metabolizing enzymes, including those involved in both phase I and phase II metabolism. The cytochrome P450 enzyme family is responsible for metabolism of 70-80% of all medications used clinically. CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For this article, annular velocity is described, as used in drilling fluid applications in the oil exploration industry. There may be other applications in other fields of study such as fluid mechanics (the study of the movement of fluid) or fluid dynamics (the study of the flow of fluid). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the 19th century, a number of people had employed an electric arc to melt iron. Sir Humphry Davy conducted an experimental demonstration in 1810; welding was investigated by Pepys in 1815; Pinchon attempted to create an electrothermic furnace in 1853; and, in 1878–79, Sir William Siemens took out patents for electr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Olson's studies DNA as polymers, with atoms and chemical bonds. She studies the interaction between DNA and structural proteins which do not bind to the nuclear bases, but to the phosphorus-sugar backbone, e.g.histones. Also, the energy needed to form circular DNA is investigated Olson aims to clarify the role of loca... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) entry on siphon, published in 1911, states that a siphon works by atmospheric pressure. Stephen Hughes of Queensland University of Technology criticized this in a 2010 article which was widely reported in the media. The OED editors stated, "there is continuing debate among scientists... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate or CuTC is a coordination complex derived from copper and thiophene-2-carboxylic acid. It is used as a reagent to promote the Ullmann reaction between aryl halides. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are at least four members of SLC-5 gene family, which are secondary active glucose transporters. The sodium glucose transporters proteins SGLT-1 and SGLT-2 are the two premier members of the family. These two members are found in the kidneys, among other transporters, and are the main co-transporters there relate... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When the energy of a turbidity current lowers, its ability to keep suspended sediment decreases, thus sediment deposition occurs. When the material comes to rest, it is the sand and other coarse material which settles first followed by mud and eventually the very fine particulate matter. It is this sequence of deposit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lavoisier employed the new nomenclature in his Traité élémentaire de chimie (Elementary Treatise on Chemistry), published in 1789. This work represents the synthesis of Lavoisiers contribution to chemistry and can be considered the first modern textbook on the subject. The core of the work was the oxygen theory, and th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Fano resonance line-shape is due to interference between two scattering amplitudes, one due to scattering within a continuum of states (the background process) and the second due to an excitation of a discrete state (the resonant process). The energy of the resonant state must lie in the energy range of the continu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It was established by the decree of Peter the Great to process the local copper deposits. The Polevskoy Plant was named after the local river Polevaya. The plant became the basis for the settlement which later grew into the town of Polevskoy.
The place for a new plant was chosen by Vasily Tatishchev. Georg Wilhelm de G... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The targeted deletion or alteration of genes relies on the integration of a DNA strand at a specific and predictable position into the genome of the host cell. This DNA strand must be engineered in such a way that both ends are identical to this specific gene locus. This is a prerequisite for being efficiently integrat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemical systems cannot oscillate about a position of final equilibrium because such an oscillation would violate the second law of thermodynamics. For a thermodynamic system which is not at equilibrium, this law requires that the system approach equilibrium and not recede from it. For a closed system at constant tempe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A biological example of diffusion is the gas exchange that occurs during respiration within the human body. Upon inhalation, oxygen is brought into the lungs and quickly diffuses across the membrane of alveoli and enters the circulatory system by diffusing across the membrane of the pulmonary capillaries. Simultaneousl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Two opposite explanations that endeavored to explain the formations of isochores were vigorously debated as part of the neutralist-selectionist controversy. The first view was that isochores reflect variable mutation processes among genomic regions consistent with the neutral model.
Alternatively, isochores were posit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The binding of proteins to the SELDI surface acts as a solid-phase chromatographic separation step, and as a result, the proteins attached to the surface are easier to analyze. The surface is composed primarily of materials with a variety of physico-chemical characteristics, metal ions, or anion or cation exchangers. C... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Process simulation is a model-based representation of chemical, physical, biological, and other technical processes and unit operations in software. Basic prerequisites for the model are chemical and physical properties of pure components and mixtures, of reactions, and of mathematical models which, in combination, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering medicinal chemistry. It was established in 2009 and is published by the American Chemical Society. The editor-in-chief is Dennis C. Liotta (Emory University).
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Without a chiral influence (for example a chiral catalyst, solvent or starting material), a chemical reaction that makes a chiral product will always yield a racemate. That can make the synthesis of a racemate cheaper and easier than making the pure enantiomer, because it does not require special conditions. This fact ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Multipstep ultrasensitivity occurs when a single effector acts on several steps in a cascade. Successive cascade signals can result in higher levels of noise being introduced into the signal that can interfere with the final output. This is especially relevant for large cascades, such as the flagellar regulatory syste... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*"Maßanalytische Bestimmung des Schwefelwasserstoffes in alkalischer Lösung mit Ferricyankalium", Japanese J. Chem., 1, 43 - 54 (1922)
*"Radioactive Manganiferous Nodules from Tanokami Oomi Province", [https://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.1.43 Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1, 43 - 47 (1926)]
*"Formation of the Radioactive Mangani... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Leonidas Zervas (, ; 21 May 1902 – 10 July 1980) was a Greek organic chemist who made seminal contributions in peptide chemical synthesis. Together with his mentor Max Bergmann they laid the foundations for the field in 1932 with their major discovery, the Bergmann-Zervas carboxybenzoxy oligopeptide synthesis which rem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most humans have multiple copies of the regulatory gene sequence for prodynorphin, which is virtually identical among all primates, whereas other primates have only a single copy. In addition, most Asian populations have two copies of the gene sequence for prodynorphin, whereas East Africas, Middle Easterners, and Euro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A fundamental problem in finding solutions for surface gravity waves is that boundary conditions have to be applied at the position of the free surface, which is not known beforehand and is thus a part of the solution to be found.
Sir George Stokes solved this nonlinear wave problem in 1847 by expanding the relevant po... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SK channels (small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels) are a subfamily of calcium-activated potassium channels. They are so called because of their small single channel conductance in the order of 10 pS. SK channels are a type of ion channel allowing potassium cations to cross the cell membrane and are ac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An extensive open-air planting used maintain genetic diversity of wild, agricultural, or forestry species. Typically species that are either difficult or impossible to conserve in seed banks are conserved in field gene banks. Field gene banks may also be used grow and select progeny of species stored by other ex situ ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
By 1993, the Everglades had been affected by numerous human developments. The water flow and quality had been affected by the construction of canals and levees, to the series of elevated highways running through the Everglades to the expansive Everglades Agricultural Area that had contaminated the Everglades with high... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pentamethyltantalum was reported by Richard Schrock in 1974.
Salts of [Ta(CH)] are prepared by alkylation of TaF using methyl lithium:
:TaF + 6 LiCH → Li[Ta(CH)] + 5 LiF | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several isotopes of both hydrogen and oxygen exist, giving rise to several known isotopologues of water. Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water is the current international standard for water isotopes. Naturally occurring water is almost completely composed of the neutron-less hydrogen isotope protium. Only 155 ppm include d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term phosphorescence comes from the ancient Greek word φῶς (phos), meaning "light", and the Greek suffix -φόρος (-phoros), meaning "to bear", combined with the Latin suffix -escentem, meaning "becoming of", "having a tendency towards", or "with the essence of". Thus, phosphorescence literally means "having a tenden... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term nocebo (Latin , I shall harm, from , I harm) was coined by Walter Kennedy in 1961 to denote the counterpart to the use of placebo (Latin , I shall please, from , I please), a substance that may produce a beneficial, healthful, pleasant, or desirable effect. Kennedy emphasized that his use of the term nocebo re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Osmotic release systems have a number of major advantages over other controlled-release mechanisms. They are significantly less affected by factors such as pH, food intake, GI motility, and differing intestinal environments. Using an osmotic pump to deliver drugs has additional inherent advantages regarding control ove... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The classification of thermodynamic systems arose with the development of thermodynamics as a science.
Theoretical studies of thermodynamic processes in the period from the first theory of heat engines (Saadi Carnot, France, 1824) to the theory of dissipative structures (Ilya Prigozhin, Belgium, 1971) mainly concerned ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the case of protein folding, the hydrophobic effect is important to understanding the structure of proteins that have hydrophobic amino acids (such as valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and methionine) clustered together within the protein. Structures of globular proteins have a hydrophobic core ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Multiple isomorphous replacement (MIR), where heavy atoms are inserted into structure (usually by synthesizing proteins with analogs or by soaking) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The digestive system is supplied by the celiac artery. The celiac artery is the first major branch from the abdominal aorta, and is the only major artery that nourishes the digestive organs.
There are three main divisions – the left gastric artery, the common hepatic artery and the splenic artery.
The celiac artery sup... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Peroxin-7 is a receptor associated with Refsum's disease and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 1. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nipah virus is a causative agent of outbreaks of encephalitis with pneumonia and has a high case fatality rate. The first outbreak occurred in Malaysia-Singapore, related to contact with pigs in slaughterhouses and an outbreak in Philippines related to slaughter of horses, most other outbreaks have affected India and B... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mitochondrial creatine kinase (CK) is present in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, where it regenerates phosphocreatine (PCr) from mitochondrially generated ATP and creatine (Cr) imported from the cytosol. Apart from the two mitochondrial CK isoenzyme forms, that is, ubiquitous mtCK (present in non-muscle tissues)... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The earliest forms of French drains were simple ditches that were pitched from a high area to a lower one and filled with gravel. These may have been invented in France but Henry Flagg French (1813–1885) of Concord, Massachusetts, a lawyer and Assistant U.S. Treasury Secretary described and popularized them in Farm Dra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry and crystallography, crystal structures that have the same set of interatomic distances are called homometric structures. Homometric structures need not be congruent (that is, related by a rigid motion or reflection). Homometric crystal structures produce identical diffraction patterns; therefore, they can... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Endangered animal species and breeds are preserved using similar techniques. Animal species can be preserved in genebanks, which consist of cryogenic facilities used to store living sperm, eggs, or embryos. For example, the Zoological Society of San Diego has established a "frozen zoo" to store such samples using cryop... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Termination finishes of nickel, gold or palladium have been shown to eliminate whisker formation in controlled trials. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sodium dithiophosphate is the salt with the formula NaPSO. It is usually supplied as the hydrated solid or as an aqueous solution together with other thiophosphates such as sodium monothiophosphate and sodium trithiophosphate. It is a colorless compound, but commercial samples can appear dark owing to the presence of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Perfluorocarbons dissolve relatively high volumes of gases. The high solubility of gases is attributed to the weak intermolecular interactions in these fluorocarbon fluids.
The table shows values for the mole fraction, , of nitrogen dissolved, calculated from the Blood–gas partition coefficient, at 298.15 K (25 °C), 0.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
GnRH is released by the hypothalamus in a pulsatile fashion; this causes the anterior pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). LH stimulates the testes to produce testosterone, which is metabolized to DHT by the enzyme 5α-reductase.
DHT, and to a significantly smaller ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Volumetric flow rate can also be defined by
where
: = flow velocity,
: = cross-sectional vector area/surface.
The above equation is only true for uniform or homogeneous flow velocity and a flat or planar cross section. In general, including spatially variable or non-homogeneous flow velocity and curved surfaces, the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1915, the reason for nuclear charge being quantized in units of Z, which were now recognized to be the same as the element number, was not understood. An old idea called Prouts hypothesis had postulated that the elements were all made of residues (or "protyles") of the lightest element hydrogen, which in the Bohr-Ru... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One major use of CFCs has been as propellants of aerosols, including metered-dose inhalers for drugs used to treat asthma. The conversion of these devices and treatments from CFC to propellants that do not deplete the ozone layer is almost complete. Production and import is now banned in the United States. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tris(tert-butoxy)silanethiol is a silicon compound containing three tert-butoxy groups and a rare Si–S–H functional group. This colourless compound serves as an hydrogen donor in radical chain reactions. It was first prepared by alcoholysis of silicon disulfide and purified by distillation:
:3 (CH)COH + SiS → ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Increasing agricultural development is associated with the trend of elevated nitrogen concentrations in surrounding soil and groundwater composition due to the runoff of fertilizers and agricultural byproducts. Development of a submerged microbial desalination-denitrification cell (SMDDC) to remove nitrogen and saline ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One example of gamma ray production due to radionuclide decay is the decay scheme for cobalt-60, as illustrated in the accompanying diagram. First, decays to excited by beta decay emission of an electron of . Then the excited decays to the ground state (see nuclear shell model) by emitting gamma rays in succession o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thomas Albrecht-Schönzart is an American radiochemist specializing in the chemistry and physics of transuranium elements. He is jointly appointed as a University Distinguished Professor at the Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado, and Director of the Nuclear Science & Engineering Center and Idaho National Labor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Consider operators that obey the cyclic commutation relations
In fact only the first two relations are necessary for the following derivation, but since we are usually working with operators associated with Cartesian directions, such as the individual angular momentum operators, the third commutator follows by a symme... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dedicated or partially dedicated GISAXS beamlines exist at most synchrotron light sources (for instance Advanced Light Source (ALS), Australian Synchrotron, APS, ELETTRA (Italy), Diamond (UK), ESRF, National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Pohang Light Source (South Korea), SOLEIL (France), Shanghai Synchrotron ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metalloprisms are another common type of coordination cage. They can be assembled from planar modules linked with column-like ligands.
One illustrative synthesis starts with [(η-p-cymene)Ru(μ-tpt-κN)(μ-CHRO- κO)] using the linker of 2,4,6-tri(pyridine-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (tpt). Various guest molecules have been encap... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Le Bail method extracts intensities (I) from powder diffraction data. This is done in order to find intensities that are suitable to determine the atomic structure of a crystalline material and to refine the unit cell and has the added advantage of checking phase-purity. Generally, the intensities of powder diffrac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The gel is prepared by dissolving the agarose powder in an appropriate buffer, such as TAE or TBE, to be used in electrophoresis. The agarose is dispersed in the buffer before heating it to near-boiling point, but avoid boiling. The melted agarose is allowed to cool sufficiently before pouring the solution into a cast... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, the no-slip condition is a boundary condition which enforces that at a solid boundary, a viscous fluid attains zero bulk velocity. This boundary condition was first proposed by Osborne Reynolds, who observed this behaviour while performing his influential pipe flow experiments. The form of this bound... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although van der Waals postulated the intermolecular interaction in 1873, in 1894, Fischer built a philosophical root for supramolecular chemistry. He pointed out that enzyme-protein interactions behave in a "lock-and-key" manner. This interaction is the foundation to host-guest chemistry. With the deeper understanding... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The energy of the alpha particle emitted in alpha decay is mildly dependent on the half-life for the emission process, with many orders of magnitude differences in half-life being associated with energy changes of less than 50%, shown by the Geiger–Nuttall law.
The energy of alpha particles emitted varies, with higher ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Synthetic analogues of the naturally occurring Fe–S clusters were first reported by Holm and coworkers. Treatment of iron salts with a mixture of thiolates and sulfide affords derivatives such as (EtN)FeS(SCHPh)]. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are several ways to name the alkylthiols:
* The suffix -thiol is added to the name of the alkane. This method is nearly identical to naming an alcohol and is used by the IUPAC, e.g. CHSH would be methanethiol.
* The word mercaptan replaces alcohol in the name of the equivalent alcohol compound. Example: CHSH woul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bents rule is able to characterize molecule geometry with accuracy. Bents rule provides a reliable and robust framework for predicting the bond angles of molecules. Bents rule accuracy and precision in predicting the geometry of real-world molecules continues to demonstrate its credibility. Beyond bond angle prediction... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because T-RFLP relies on DNA extraction methods and PCR, the biases inherent to both will affect the results of the analysis. Also, the fact that only the terminal fragments are being read means that any two distinct sequences which share a terminal restriction site will result in one peak only on the electropherogram ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In conjunction with organosilicates, phosphonates are also used to treat "sudden oak death", which is caused by the fungus-like eukaryote Phytophthora ramorum. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In ventilation systems a jet fan, also known as an impulse or induction fan, ejects a stream of air which entrains ambient air along with it, in order to circulate the ambient air. The system takes up less space than conventional ventilation ducting and can significantly increase the rates of inflow of fresh air and ex... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concept of micelles was introduced to describe the core-corona aggregates of small surfactant molecules, however it has also extended to describe aggregates of amphiphilic block copolymers in selective solvents. It is important to know the difference between these two systems. The major difference between these two... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ouzo effect ( ), also known as the louche effect ( ) and spontaneous emulsification, is the phenomenon of formation of a milky oil-in-water emulsion when water is added to ouzo and other anise-flavored liqueurs and spirits, such as pastis, rakı, arak, sambuca and absinthe. Such emulsions occur with only minimal mix... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In nature, the incorporation of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) into a growing DNA strand involves the formation of a covalent bond and the release of pyrophosphate and a positively charged hydrogen ion. A dNTP will only be incorporated if it is complementary to the leading unpaired template nucleotide. Ion s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Assisted by Lewis acid catalyst, Friedel-Crafts methylsulfonation of aryl ring can be achieved by MsO. In contrast to MsCl, either activated or deactivated benzene derivatives can form the corresponding sulfonatesin satisfactory yields with MsO.
Examples of aromatic sulfonation with MsO:
* Sulfonation of chlorobenzene ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Chernobyl accident released a large amount of caesium isotopes which were dispersed over a wide area. Cs is an isotope which is of long-term concern as it remains in the top layers of soil. Plants with shallow root systems tend to absorb it for many years. Hence grass and mushrooms can carry a considerable amount ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The essential requirements that samples and sample material must meet includes a description of the sample, what form of dissection was used, what processing method was done, whether the samples were frozen or fixed and how long did it take, and what sample conditions were used. It is also desirable to know the volume ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mass can be represented as density times volume, and under most conditions, water can be considered incompressible (density does not depend on pressure). The mass fluxes across the boundaries then become volume fluxes (as are found in Darcy's law). Using Taylor series to represent the in and out flux terms across the b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Léon-Albert Arnaud (15 February 1853 – 27 March 1915) was a French chemist born in Paris.
From 1872 he worked as an assistant in the laboratory of Michel Eugène Chevreul (1786–1889) at the Muséum national dhistoire naturelle. In 1883 he succeeded François Stanislas Cloez (1817–1883) as aide-naturaliste', and from... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A tube filled with a glucose phosphate broth is inoculated with a sterile transfer loop. The tube is incubated at for 2–5 days. After incubation, 2.5 ml of the medium are transferred to another tube. Five drops of the pH indicator methyl red is added to this tube. The tube is gently rolled between the palms to dispers... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) is a materials characterisation technique that improves upon electron spin resonance. It involves measuring the change in electrical resistance of a sample when exposed to certain microwave frequencies. It can be used to identify very small numbers (down to a few hundred ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In practice, the term is usually used more specifically to indicate that non-carbon atoms have replaced carbon in the backbone of the molecular structure. Typical heteroatoms are nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I), as well as the metals lithium (Li) and mag... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This section describes the surface coverage when the adsorbate is in liquid phase and is a binary mixture.
For ideal both phases no lateral interactions, homogeneous surface the composition of a surface phase for a binary liquid system in contact with solid surface is given by a classic Everett isotherm equation (being... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Substrates for anabolism are mostly intermediates taken from catabolic pathways during periods of high energy charge in the cell. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The effect of non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drugs may be reversed with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, neostigmine, and edrophonium, as commonly used examples. Of these, edrophonium has a faster onset of action than neostigmine, but it is unreliable when used to antagonize deep neuromuscular block. Acetylcho... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Velocimetry has also been applied to medical images in order to obtain regional measurements of blood flow and tissue motion. Initially, standard PIV (single plane illumination) was adapted to work with x-ray images (full volume illumination), enabling the measurement of opaque flows such as blood flow. This was then e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Levonorgestrel is used in combination with an estrogen in menopausal hormone therapy. It is used under the brand name Klimonorm as a combined oral tablet with estradiol valerate and under the brand name Climara Pro as a combined transdermal patch with estradiol. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alkalinity (from ) is the capacity of water to resist acidification. It should not be confused with basicity, which is an absolute measurement on the pH scale. Alkalinity is the strength of a buffer solution composed of weak acids and their conjugate bases. It is measured by titrating the solution with an acid such as ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is well documented that (R)-enantiomers of profens in the presence of coenzyme A (CoA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and Mg are converted to active (S)-forms. The pathways of chiral inversion is illustrated taking ibuprofen as the prototype, in the scheme below.
The pathway consists mainly of three steps:
# Stereose... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In autumn 1806, he was welcomed into the family home of Ørsted, where he was given a position as an Assistant, helping Ørsted prepare his university lectures. His stay with Ørsted lasted several years and was certainly of the greatest importance for his development. Ørsted himself recounted how he influenced Zeise thro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Agarose gel electrophoresis is a method of gel electrophoresis used in biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, and clinical chemistry to separate a mixed population of macromolecules such as DNA or proteins in a matrix of agarose, one of the two main components of agar. The proteins may be separated by charge and/or... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Philipp Kukura FRSC (born 26 March 1978) is Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oxford, and a Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. He is best known for pioneering contributions to femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS), interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT) and the development of mass photometry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, π backbonding is a π-bonding interaction between a filled (or half filled) orbital of a transition metal atom and a vacant orbital on an adjacent ion or molecule. In this type of interaction, electrons from the metal are used to bond to the ligand, which dissipates excess negative charge and stabilizes th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a thiol (; ), or thiol derivative, is any organosulfur compound of the form , where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent. The functional group itself is referred to as either a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group, or a sulfanyl group. Thiols are the sulfur analogue of alcohols (that i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to Aristotle, the Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher Anaxagoras had taught that every thing, and every portion of a thing, contains within itself an infinite number of like and unlike parts. For example, Anaxagoras maintained that there must be blackness as well as whiteness in snow; how, otherwise, could it be t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Proton density (PD)- weighted images are created by having a long repetition time (TR) and a short echo time (TE). On images of the brain, this sequence has a more pronounced distinction between grey matter (bright) and white matter (darker grey), but with little contrast between brain and CSF. It is very useful for th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Material is put on a sinter machine in two layers. The bottom layer may vary in thickness from . A 12 to 20 mm sinter fraction is used, also referred to as the hearth layer. The second, covering layer consists of mixed materials, making for a total bed height of . The mixed materials are applied with drum feeders and r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A wide variety of enantioselective additions employing chiral, non-racemic Lewis acids are known. The chiral (acyloxy)borane or "CAB" catalyst 1, titanium-BINOL system 2, and silver-BINAP system 3 provide addition products in high ee via the Lewis-acid-promoted mechanism described above. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Without loss of generality taken at the origin and . Then the fundamental tensor and vector are
where
where is the modified Bessel function of the second kind of order zero. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The nuclear protein in testis gene (i.e. NUTM1 gene) encodes (i.e. directs the synthesis of) a 1,132-amino acid protein termed NUT that is expressed almost exclusively in the testes, ovaries, and ciliary ganglion (i.e. a parasympathetic ganglion of nerve cells located just behind the eye). NUT protein facilitates the a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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