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Nickel and copper are often obtained by electrowinning. These metals have some noble character, which enables their soluble cationic forms to be reduced to their pure metallic form at mild applied potentials applied between the cathode and the anode. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The unique features of NICE-OHMS, in particular its high sensitivity, imply that it has a large potential for a variety of applications. First developed for frequency standard applications, with an astonishing detectability of 10 cm, it has later been used for spectroscopic investigations as well as chemical sensing an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
LTR retrotransposons came about later than non-LTR retrotransposons, possibly from an ancestral non-LTR retrotransposon acquiring an integrase from a DNA transposon. Retroviruses gained additional properties to their virus envelopes by taking the relevant genes from other viruses using the power of LTR retrotransposon.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
John Douglas Eshelby FRS (21 December 1916 – 10 December 1981) was a scientist in micromechanics. He made significant contributions to the fields of defect mechanics and micromechanics of inhomogeneous solids for fifty years, including important aspects of the controlling mechanisms of plastic deformation and fracture. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Total CO emissions from energy use were 5% below their 1990 level in 2007. Over the period 1990–2007, CO emissions from energy use have decreased on average by 0.3%/year although the economic activity (GDP) increased by 2.3%/year. After dropping until 1994 (−1.6%/year), the CO emissions have increased steadily (0.4%/ye... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1955, Time magazine reported:
"In Manhattan, Psychiatrist Harold A. Abramson of the Cold Spring Harbor Biological Laboratory has developed a technique of serving dinner to a group of subjects, topping off the meal with a liqueur glass containing 40 micrograms of LSD."
This mention in America's most popular newsweekl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The primary role of CTCF is thought to be in regulating the 3D structure of chromatin. CTCF binds together strands of DNA, thus forming chromatin loops, and anchors DNA to cellular structures like the nuclear lamina. It also defines the boundaries between active and heterochromatic DNA.
Since the 3D structure of DNA in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the silicification of woods, silica dissolves in hydrothermal fluid and seeps into lignin in cell walls. Precipitation of silica out of the fluids produces silica deposition within the voids, especially in the cell walls. Cell materials are broken down by the fluids, yet the structure remains stable due to the devel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many phosphatases are promiscuous with respect to substrate type, or can evolve quickly to change substrate. An alternative structural classification notes that 20 distinct protein folds have phosphatase activity, and 10 of these contain protein phosphatases.
* The CC1 fold is the most common, and includes tyrosine-spe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Measuring the quantity of water vapor in a medium can be done directly or remotely with varying degrees of accuracy. Remote methods such electromagnetic absorption are possible from satellites above planetary atmospheres. Direct methods may use electronic transducers, moistened thermometers or hygroscopic materials mea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Calcium stable isotopes have been used to study inputs and outputs of dissolved calcium in marine environments. For example, one study found that calcium levels have decreased between 25 and 50 percent over a 40 million year timespan, suggesting that dissolved Caoutputs have exceeded its inputs. The isotope Calcium-44 ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From 1934, following the Nazi takeover, it became more and more difficult for Speter to research and publish due to his Jewish ancestry. In 1937 the German radio cancelled a planned broadcast of his public lecture. From 1939 and on he was banned completely from publishing in Germany.
Speter committed suicide on 30 June... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The stress tensor is related to velocity and pressure. Its actual form will depend on the specific fluid being dealt with, for the common case of incompressible Newtonian flow the stress tensor is given by
where is the pressure in the fluid, is the velocity, and is the viscosity. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The oceanic carbon cycle (or marine carbon cycle) is composed of processes that exchange carbon between various pools within the ocean as well as between the atmosphere, Earth interior, and the seafloor. The carbon cycle is a result of many interacting forces across multiple time and space scales that circulates carbon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemical kinetics, the entropy of activation of a reaction is one of the two parameters (along with the enthalpy of activation) which are typically obtained from the temperature dependence of a reaction rate constant, when these data are analyzed using the Eyring equation of the transition state theory. The standard... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Multimedia fugacity model is a model in environmental chemistry that summarizes the processes controlling chemical behavior in environmental media by developing and applying of mathematical statements or "models" of chemical fate.
Most chemicals have the potential to migrate from the medium to medium. Multimedia fugaci... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The degree distribution describes the number of proteins that have a certain number of connections. Most protein interaction networks show a scale-free (power law) degree distribution where the connectivity distribution P(k) ~ k with k being the degree. This relationship can also be seen as a straight line on a log-log... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Enantioselective dioxirane oxidations may rely on chiral, non-racemic dioxiranes, such as Shis fructose-based dioxirane. Enantioselective oxidation of meso-diols with Shis catalyst, for instance, produces chiral α-hydroxy ketones with moderate enantioselectivity. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Small redox proteins such as cytochromes and ferredoxins can be investigated on condition that their electroactive coverage (the amount of protein undergoing direct electron transfer) is large enough (in practice, greater than a fraction of pmol/cm).
Electrochemical data obtained with small proteins can be used to meas... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electroplasticity, describes the enhanced plastic behavior of a solid material under the application of an electric field. This electric field could be internal, resulting in current flow in conducting materials, or external. The effect of electric field on mechanical properties ranges from simply enhancing existing pl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxygen comes in three variants, but the O is so rare that it is very difficult to detect (~0.04% abundant). The ratio of O/O in water depends on the amount of evaporation the water experienced (as O is heavier and therefore less likely to vaporize). As the vapor tension depends on the concentration of dissolved salts, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The space groups with given point group are numbered by 1, 2, 3, ... (in the same order as their international number) and this number is added as a superscript to the Schönflies symbol for the corresponding point group. For example, groups numbers 3 to 5 whose point group is C have Schönflies symbols C, C, C.
While... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a bell and spigot joint one end of the pipe stick is flared, termed the bell or socket, to enable the opposite end of the next stick, the spigot end, to be inserted to create a joint. The gaps in these joints were stuffed with oakum or yarn to retain molten-lead, which solidified into a waterproof joint. This was a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In traditional mineral exploration and archaeological work, grid pegs placed by theodolite and tape measure were used to define the survey area. Some UXO surveys used ropes to define the lanes. Airborne surveys used radio triangulation beacons, such as Siledus.
Non-magnetic electronic hipchain triggers were developed t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Starting with a technique commonly used to deposit molecules on a solid surface, Langmuir–Blodgett deposition, scientists are able to assemble phospholipid membranes of arbitrary complexity layer by layer. These artificial phospholipid membranes support functional insertion both of purified and of in situ expressed mem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After short stays at NRC and Acadia University, Yu was appointed to the Department of Chemistry at Simon Fraser University in 2001 as an assistant professor and promoted to a tenured full professor in 2009. He is now a principal investigator of the CFI-funded Centre for Nanomaterials and Microstructures (4D LABS) and a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Adrenaline stimulates photocytes to emit light for many species of fish. It is believed that sympathetic nervous impulses provide the stimulus that causes photocytes to emit light. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Levonorgestrel stimulates the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro, an action that is independent of the classical PRs and is instead mediated via the progesterone receptor membrane component-1 (PGRMC1). Certain other progestins act similarly in this assay, whereas progesterone acts neutrally. It is uncl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Wnt signaling pathways are critical in cell-cell signaling during normal development and embryogenesis and required for maintenance of adult tissue, therefore it is not difficult to understand why disruption in Wnt signaling pathways can promote human degenerative disease and cancer.
The Wnt signaling pathways are ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Uzer was Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Foundation Fellow in 1993–1994 at
Max Planck Institute, Munich.
Uzer is of Turkish origin and was also awarded the prestigious Science award for his contributions to physics from the Scientific and Technological Research Council (TÜBİTAK) [http://www.biltek.tubitak.gov.tr/odulle... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Natural food and all-natural food are terms in food labeling and marketing with several definitions, often implying foods that are not manufactured by processing. In some countries like the United Kingdom, the term "natural" is defined and regulated; in others, such as the United States, the term natural is not enforce... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Organic thiocyanates are organic compounds containing the functional group RSCN. the organic group is attached to sulfur: R−S−C≡N has a S–C single bond and a C≡N triple bond.
Organic thiocyanates are valued building blocks. They allow to access efficiently various sulfur containing functional groups and scaffolds. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Broadening in laser physics is a physical phenomenon that affects the spectroscopic line shape of the laser emission profile. The laser emission is due to the (excitation and subsequent) relaxation of a quantum system (atom, molecule, ion, etc.) between an excited state (higher in energy) and a lower one. These states ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), also known as human milk glycans, are short polymers of simple sugars that can be found in high concentrations in human breast milk. Human milk oligosaccharides promote the development of the immune system, can reduce the risk of pathogen infections and improve brain development and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During normal metabolism in humans approximately 20% of the 1,3BPG produced does not go any further in the glycolytic pathway. It is instead shunted through an alternate pathway involving the reduction of ATP in the red blood cells. During this alternate pathway it is made into a similar molecule called 2,3-bisphosphog... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A phosphorus-free growth medium (which actually contained 3.1 ± 0.3 μM of residual phosphate, from impurities in reagents) was used to culture the bacteria in a regime of increasing exposure to arsenate; the initial level of 0.1 mM was eventually ramped up to 40 mM. Alternative media used for comparative experiments co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In C4 plants, sodium is a micronutrient that aids in metabolism, specifically in regeneration of phosphoenolpyruvate (involved in the biosynthesis of various aromatic compounds, and in carbon fixation) and synthesis of chlorophyll. In others, it substitutes for potassium in several roles, such as maintaining turgor pre... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Melzers reagent is an aqueous solution of chloral hydrate, potassium iodide, and iodine. Depending on the formulation, it consists of approximately 2.50-3.75% potassium iodide and 0.75–1.25% iodine, with the remainder of the solution being 50% water and 50% chloral hydrate. Melzers is toxic to humans if ingested due to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Spodden Valley asbestos controversy arose in May 2004 when approximately of land in Spodden Valley in Rochdale, England, formerly used by Turner Brothers Asbestos Company (later known as Turner & Newall), and the site of the worlds largest asbestos textile factory, was sold to MMC Estates, a property developer. Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*1972 Paul W. Gast
*1973 Robert M. Garrels
*1974 Hans E. Suess
*1975 Harold C. Urey
*1976 Hans P. Eugster
*1977 Samuel Epstein
*1978 Gerald J. Wasserburg
*1979 Harmon Craig
*1980 Clair C. Patterson
*1981 Robert N. Clayton
*1982 Konrad B. Krauskopf
*1983 Samuel S. Goldich
*1984 Alfred Nier
*1985 James B. Thompson Jr.
*1... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
is a yellow-orange solid. It is an unstable compound, with a half-life of about two minutes, disproportionating into xenon trioxide| and xenon gas. Its structure and identity was confirmed by cooling it to −150 °C so that Raman spectroscopy could be performed before it decomposed.
At -78 °C, the majority of XeO decompo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Being only constructed recently, there have not been a lot of published studies on the effects of marsh terracing. However, the existing results are promising. The terraces have a higher sediment accumulation rate compared to erosion, and are able to reduce wave strength by an average of 45%. The calmer waters allows s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The IEAGHG Weyburn-Midale CO Monitoring and Storage Project is an international collaborative scientific study to assess the technical feasibility of CO storage in geological formations with a focus on oil reservoirs, together with the development of world leading best practices for project implementation. The project ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1865, the first "PCB-like" chemical was discovered, and was found to be a byproduct of coal tar. Years later in 1876, German chemist Oscar Döbner (Doebner) synthesized the first PCB in a laboratory. Since then, large amounts of PCBs were released into the environment, to the extent that there are even measurable amo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The discovery of an orally inactive peptide from snake venom established the important role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in regulating blood pressure. This led to the development of captopril, the first ACE inhibitor. When the adverse effects of captopril became apparent new derivates were designed... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Levosulpiride is used in the treatment of:
* Psychosis
* Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
* Anxiety disorders
* Dysthymia
* Vertigo
* Dyspepsia
* Irritable bowel syndrome
* Premature ejaculation.
Levosulpiride is not currently licensed for treatment of premature ejaculation in the UK or other European countries. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Barker, George Frederick. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5CrCQwJ2su8C&dq=Memoir+of+John+William+Draper:+1811-1882&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Memoir of John William Draper: 1811–1882.] Washington, D.C., 1886.
* Miller, Lillian B., Frederick Voss, and Jeannette M. Hussey. The Lazzaroni: Science and Scientists in Mi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After Cs and Sr have decayed to low levels, the bulk of radioactivity from spent fuel come not from fission products but actinides, notably plutonium-239 (half-life 24 ka), plutonium-240 (6.56 ka), americium-241 (432 years), americium-243 (7.37 ka), curium-245 (8.50 ka), and curium-246 (4.73 ka). These can be recovered... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MLST databases contain the reference allele sequences and sequence types for each organism, and also isolate epidemiological data. The websites contain interrogation and analysis software which allow users to query their allele sequences and sequence types. MLST is widely used as a tool for researchers and public heal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Non-lytic insect cell expression is an alternative to the lytic baculovirus expression system. In non-lytic expression, vectors are transiently or stably transfected into the chromosomal DNA of insect cells for subsequent gene expression. This is followed by selection and screening of recombinant clones. The non-lytic ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Olga García Mancheño is an organic chemistry professor at the University of Münster in Germany. García Mancheño directs an organic chemistry research group at University of Münster that focuses on development of new catalytic methods with the goal of developing sustainable synthetic routes to accomplish carbon-hydrogen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In type I rearrangements (Y-A-B-X conversion to X-A-B-Y) the two migrating groups are oriented trans to each other and as a result of the rearrangement they migrate to opposite sides. The first example of a dyotropic rearrangement involving a carbon-carbon bond was reported by Cyril A. Grob and Saul Winstein. They obse... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A bacterial initiation factor (IF) is a protein that stabilizes the initiation complex for polypeptide translation.
Translation initiation is essential to protein synthesis and regulates mRNA translation fidelity and efficiency in bacteria. The 30S ribosomal subunit, initiator tRNA, and mRNA form an initiation complex ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cytochrome C1 plays a role in the electron transfer during oxidative phosphorylation. As an iron-sulfur protein approaches the b-c1 complex, it accepts an electron from the cytochrome b subunit, then undergoes a conformational change to attach to cytochrome c1. There, the electron carried by the iron-sulfur protein is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In alcohol fermentation, when a glucose molecule is oxidized, ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and carbon dioxide are byproducts. The organic molecule that is responsible for renewing the NAD+ supply in this type of fermentation is the pyruvate from glycolysis. Each pyruvate releases a carbon dioxide molecule, turning into acet... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The receptors for enkephalin are the delta opioid receptors and mu opioid receptors. Opioid receptors are a group of G-protein-coupled receptors, with other opioids as ligands as well. The other endogenous opioids are dynorphins (that bind to kappa receptors), endorphins (mu receptors), endomorphins, and nociceptin/orp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The majority of miRNAs act in the cytoplasm and mediate mRNA degradation or translational arrest. However, some plant miRNAs have been shown to act directly to promote DNA methylation. miRNAs come from hairpin precursors generated by the RNaseIII enzymes Drosha and Dicer. Both miRNA and siRNA form either the RNA-induce... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to analytically find the stability of fluid flows, it is useful to note that hydrodynamic stability has a lot in common with stability in other fields, such as magnetohydrodynamics, plasma physics and elasticity; although the physics is different in each case, the mathematics and the techniques used are simila... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since the 1970s and the well-publicized advocacy of Benjamin Feingold, there has been public concern that food colorings may cause ADHD-like behavior in children. These concerns have led the FDA and other food safety authorities to regularly review the scientific literature, and led the UK FSA to commission a study by... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phase inversion is a common method to form filtration membranes, which are typically formed using artificial polymers. The method of phase inversion is highly dependent on the type of polymer used and the solvent used to dissolve the polymer.
Phase inversion can be carried out through one of four typical methods:
*Redu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In heterogeneous catalysis the catalyst is in a different phase from the reactants. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a discipline which includes a large variety of reactions: mild or total oxidations, dehydrogenation, hydrogen transfer, O–O and deuterium-alkane isotopic exchange, metal deposition, water detoxification, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A lattice arrangement (commonly called a regular arrangement) is one in which the centers of the spheres form a very symmetric pattern which needs only n vectors to be uniquely defined (in n-dimensional Euclidean space). Lattice arrangements are periodic. Arrangements in which the spheres do not form a lattice (often r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
John Michael Ramsey is an American analytical chemist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He currently holds the position of Minnie N. Goldby Distinguished Professor of Chemistry. His current research with the university focuses on microscale and nanoscale devices such as microchip electrospray, microsc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An example of how glycolipids function within the body is the interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells during inflammation. Selectins, a class of lectins found on the surface of leukocytes and endothelial cells bind to the carbohydrates attached to glycolipids to initiate the immune response. This binding c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Salvinia effect describes the permanent stabilization of an air layer upon a hierarchically structured surface submerged in water. Based on biological models (e.g. the floating ferns Salvinia, backswimmer Notonecta), biomimetic Salvinia-surfaces are used as drag reducing coatings (up to 30% reduction were previousl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It was known before the genomic era that clustered genes tend to be functionally related. Abderrahim et al. (1994) had shown that all the genes of the major histocompatibility complex were clustered on the 6p21 chromosome. Roy et al. (2002) showed that in the nematode C. elegans genes that are solely expressed in muscl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Parabolic LCSs are shearless material surfaces that delineate cores of jet-type sets of trajectories. Such LCSs are characterized by both low stretching (because they are inside a non-stretching structure), but also by low shearing (because material shearing is minimal in jet cores). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A method commonly used to protect a structural metal is to attach a metal which is more anodic than the metal to be protected. This forces the structural metal to be cathodic, thus spared corrosion. It is called "sacrificial" because the anode dissolves and has to be replaced periodically.
Zinc bars are attached to var... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Traditional virus diagnostic procedures are being replaced by sensitive immunoassays with lanthanides. The time resolved fluorescence based technique is generally applicable and its performance has also been tested in the assay of viral antigens in clinical specimens. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As the fuel is degraded or heated the more volatile fission products which are trapped within the uranium dioxide may become free. For example, see.
A report on the release of Kr, Ru and Cs from uranium when air is present has been written. It was found that uranium dioxide was converted to UO between about 300 and 500... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Silver nanoparticles are experimentally shown to inhibit autotrophic nitrifying bacterial growth (86±3%) more than Ag ions (42±7%) or AgCl colloids (46±4%). Silver nanoparticle-inhibited heterotrophic growth (55±8%) in Escherichia coli is best observed at lower concentrations, between 1.0 uM and 4.2 uM. This is less th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Water pollution occurs when water bodies, such as rivers, lakes and oceans are contaminated with harmful substances. These substances degrade the water quality and are toxic to humans as consumers and to the environment. The contamination in a river can come from a point source or non-point source pollution. The most c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels are integral membrane proteins that serve as nonselective voltage-gated cation channels in the plasma membranes of heart and brain cells. HCN channels are sometimes referred to as pacemaker channels because they help to generate rhythmic activity within... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The bond angle for a symmetric tetrahedral molecule such as CH may be calculated using the dot product of two vectors. As shown in the diagram, the molecule can be inscribed in a cube with the tetravalent atom (e.g. carbon) at the cube centre which is the origin of coordinates, O. The four monovalent atoms (e.g. hydrog... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fluoride (F) and acetate (CHCOO) anions are among the most important ones in the context of human health and well-being. The former, though used extensively in health care, is known for its toxicity and corrosiveness. The latter can cause alkalosis and affect metabolic pathways beyond a certain concentration. Hence, it... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2019 impact factor of 3.871. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The catalytic site of NPP consists of a two-metal-ion (bimetallo) Zn catalytic core. These Zn catalytic components are thought to stabilize the transition state of the NPP phosphoryl transfer reaction. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* List of important publications in thermodynamics
* List of textbooks on thermodynamics and statistical mechanics
* List of thermal conductivities
* List of thermodynamic properties
* Table of thermodynamic equations
* Timeline of thermodynamics
* Thermodynamic equations | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In combustion, Michelson–Sivashinsky equation describes the evolution of a premixed flame front, subjected to the Darrieus–Landau instability, in the small heat release approximation. The equation was derived by Gregory Sivashinsky in 1977, who along the Daniel M. Michelson, presented the numerical solutions of the equ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A rainout is the process of precipitation causing the removal of radioactive particles from the atmosphere onto the ground, creating nuclear fallout by rain. The rainclouds of the rainout are often formed by the particles of a nuclear explosion itself and because of this, the decontamination of rainout is more difficul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Compression fittings (sometimes called "lock-bush fittings") consist of a tapered, concave conical seat; a hollow, barrel-shaped compression ring (sometimes called a ferrule); and a compression nut which is threaded onto the body of the fitting and tightened to make a leakproof connection. They are typically brass or p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The energy requirements vary with type of treatment process as well as sewage strength. For example, constructed wetlands and stabilization ponds have low energy requirements. In comparison, the activated sludge process has a high energy consumption because it includes an aeration step. Some sewage treatment plants pro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Kujawinski joined the faculty at Barnard College in 2002, and held an adjunct position at Columbia University. She spent two years at Barnard College before being awarded a National Science Foundation CAREER Award and returning to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
In an effort to understand how cellular metabol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a polyol is an organic compound containing multiple hydroxyl groups (). The term "polyol" can have slightly different meanings depending on whether it is used in food science or polymer chemistry. Polyols containing two, three and four hydroxyl groups are diols, triols, and tetrols, respectively. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rooster tails have been mentioned in weather satellite interpretation since 2003 connected with tropical cyclones. In the low cloud field, it represents a convergence zone on the westward extent of the Saharan Air Layer seen at the back of tropical cyclones gaining latitude. If there are two systems, the one nearer th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the context of zeolites, the term heteroatom refers to partial isomorphous substitution of the typical framework atoms (silicon, aluminium, and phosphorus) by other elements such as beryllium, vanadium, and chromium. The goal is usually to adjust properties of the material (e.g., Lewis acidity) to optimize the mater... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Grasselli Brown attended Harvey Rice Elementary School, Alexander Hamilton Junior High and John Adams High School in Cleveland, Ohio. At John Adams, she was in a college track program and planned to major in English in college. However, when she took her first chemistry class, she fell in love with the subject. Her hig... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The organization of the components for artificial photosynthesis is crucial. Natural photosynthesis can be divided in three steps:
* Light-harvesting complexes in bacteria and plants capture photons and transduce them into electrons, injecting them into the photosynthetic chain.
* Proton-coupled electron transfer alon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1804, Dalton explained his atomic theory to his friend and fellow chemist Thomas Thomson, who published an explanation of Daltons theory in his book A System of Chemistry in 1807. According to Thomson, Daltons idea first occurred to him when experimenting with "olefiant gas" (ethylene) and "carburetted hydrogen gas"... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The quest for new elements is usually described using atomic numbers. As of , all elements with atomic numbers 1 to 118 have been observed. Synthesis of new elements is accomplished by bombarding target atoms of heavy elements with ions, such that the sum of the atomic numbers of the target and ion elements equals the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) sequence rules (also the CIP priority convention; named after Robert Sidney Cahn, Christopher Kelk Ingold, and Vladimir Prelog) are a standard process to completely and unequivocally name a stereoisomer of a molecule. The purpose of the CIP system is to assign an R or ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A LIFT measures photosynthesis by exposing the plant to short flashes of blue light and analyzing the changes in fluorescence over time by the help of the FRR technique. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbon dioxide, a key reactant in photosynthesis, is present in the atmosphere at a concentration of about 400 ppm. Most plants require the stomata to be open during daytime. The air spaces in the leaf are saturated with water vapour, which exits the leaf through the stomata in a process known as transpiration. Therefo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Marguerite Catherine Perey (19 October 1909 – 13 May 1975) was a French physicist and a student of Marie Curie. In 1939, Perey discovered the element francium by purifying samples of lanthanum that contained actinium. In 1962, she was the first woman to be elected to the French Académie des Sciences, an honor denied to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydroperoxides are intermediates or reagents in major commercial processes. In the cumene process, acetone and phenol are produced by decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide (Me = methyl): | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dispersing trace amounts of nanoparticles into common base fluids has a significant impact on the optical as well as thermo physical properties of base fluid. This characteristic can be used to effectively capture and transport solar radiation. Enhancement of the solar irradiance absorption capacity leads to a higher h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Wilfried Umbach (Hrsg.), Kosmetik und Hygiene von Kopf bis Fuß, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 3. vollst. überarb. u. erw. Auflage (2012), . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The lost-wax casting process may also be used in the production of cast glass sculptures. The original sculpture is made from wax. The sculpture is then covered with mold material (e.g., plaster), except for the bottom of the mold which must remain open. When the mold has hardened, the encased sculpture is removed by a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It has long been known that filamentous cyanobacteria perform surface motions, and that these movements result from type IV pili. Additionally, Synechococcus, a marine cyanobacteria, is known to swim at a speed of 25 μm/s by a mechanism different to that of bacterial flagella. Formation of waves on the cyanobacteria su... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Highly contaminated drinking water has been detected at several locations in Sweden. Such locations include Arvidsjaur, Lulnäset, Uppsala and Visby. In 2013, PFAS were detected at high concentrations in one of the two municipality drinking water treatment plants in the town of Ronneby, in southern Sweden. Concentration... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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