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Since late 2000s, propanephosphonic acid anhydride, sold commercially under various names such as "T3P", has become a useful reagent for amide bond formation in commercial applications. It converts the oxygen of the carboxylic acid into a leaving group, whose peptide-coupling byproducts are water-soluble and can be eas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bulkier than IMes is the NHC ligand IPr (CAS 244187-81-3). IPr features diisopropylphenyl in place of the mesityl substituents.
Some variants of IMes and IPr have saturated backbones, two such ligands are SIMes and SIPr. They are prepared by alkylation of substituted anilines with dibromoethane followed by ring clo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
High levels of molybdenum can interfere with the body's uptake of copper, producing copper deficiency. Molybdenum prevents plasma proteins from binding to copper, and it also increases the amount of copper that is excreted in urine. Ruminants that consume high levels of molybdenum suffer from diarrhea, stunted growth, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The generation of CIDNP in a typical photochemical system (target + photosensitizer, flavin in this example) is a cyclic photochemical process shown schematically in Figure 1. The chain of reactions is initiated by a blue light photon, which excites the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) photosensitizer to the singlet excited... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the typical uses of additive effect is to detect synergy. Additive effect can be considered as the baseline effect in methods of determining the presence of synergistic effect between two or more drugs. Synergistic effect is similar to additive effect. The only difference is it has a combination effect greater t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cation-exchange capacity (CEC) is a measure of how many cations can be retained on soil particle surfaces. Negative charges on the surfaces of soil particles bind positively-charged atoms or molecules (cations), but allow these to exchange with other positively charged particles in the surrounding soil water. This is o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Similar to Cu(I) chemistry mentioned above, Rh(I) complexes can also transmetallate with arylboronic esters to get aryl rhodium intermediates, to which CO is inserted giving carboxylic acids. Later, Iwasawa et al. described C-H carboxylation strategy. Rh(I) undergoes oxidative addition to aryl C-H bond followed by tran... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While the cytosolic fermentation pathway of lactate is well established, a novel feature of the lactate shuttle hypothesis is the oxidation of lactate in the mitochondria. Baba and Sherma (1971) were the first to identify the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix of rat skele... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since the original discovery by Dan Shechtman, hundreds of quasicrystals have been reported and confirmed. Quasicrystals are found most often in aluminium alloys (Al–Li–Cu, Al–Mn–Si, Al–Ni–Co, Al–Pd–Mn, Al–Cu–Fe, Al–Cu–V, etc.), but numerous other compositions are also known (Cd–Yb, Ti–Zr–Ni, Zn–Mg–Ho, Zn–Mg–Sc, In–Ag–... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Recombinant human insulin has almost completely replaced insulin obtained from animal sources (e.g. pigs and cattle) for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. A variety of different recombinant insulin preparations are in widespread use. Recombinant insulin is synthesized by inserting the human insulin gene into E. coli, o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biomaterials can be constructed using only materials sourced from plants and animals in order to alter, replace, or repair human tissue/organs. Use of natural biomaterials were used as early as ancient Egypt, where indigenous people used animal skin as sutures. A more modern example is a hip replacement using ivory mat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Transformation infections is limited to abortive or restrictive infections. This constitutes the broadest category of infections as it can include both cytocidal and persistent infection. Viral transformation is most commonly understood as transforming infections, so the remainder of the article focuses on detailing ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The consolidation stage of mucoadhesion involves the establishment of adhesive interactions to reinforce strong or prolonged adhesion. When moisture is present, mucoadhesive materials become activated and the system becomes plasticized. This stimulus allows the mucoadhesive molecules to separate and break free while pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term is often used without a definition. Some authors define the term "high-energy" to be equivalent to "chemically unstable", while others reserve the term for high-energy phosphates, such as the Great Soviet Encyclopedia which defines the term "high-energy compounds" to refer exclusively to those.
The IUPAC gloss... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Microscopically, liquids consist of a dense, disordered packing of molecules. This contrasts with the other two common phases of matter, gases and solids. Although gases are disordered, the molecules are well-separated in space and interact primarily through molecule-molecule collisions. Conversely, although the molecu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The need for this theory arises from the need to derive activity coefficients of solutes when their concentrations are too high to be predicted accurately by Debye–Hückel theory. These activity coefficients are needed because an equilibrium constant is defined in thermodynamics as a quotient of activities but is usual... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Like many other energy generation technologies, the manufacture of solar cells, especially its rapid expansion, has many environmental and supply-chain implications. Global mining may adapt and potentially expand for sourcing the needed minerals which vary per type of solar cell. Recycling solar panels could be a sourc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A pipefitter or steamfitter is a tradesman who installs, assembles, fabricates, maintains, and repairs mechanical piping systems. Pipefitters usually begin as helpers or apprentices. Journeyman pipefitters deal with industrial/commercial/marine piping and heating/cooling systems. Typical industrial process pipe is unde... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There is a mode of polymerization referred to as reversible-deactivation polymerization which is distinct from living polymerization, despite some common features. Living polymerization requires a complete absence of termination reactions, whereas reversible-deactivation polymerization may contain a similar fraction of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A hydrogen carrier is an organic macromolecule that transports atoms of hydrogen from one place to another inside a cell or from cell to cell for use in various metabolical processes. Examples include NADPH, NADH, and FADH. The main role of these is to transport hydrogen atom to electron transport chain which will chan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
D-dimer (or D dimer) is a dimer that is a fibrin degradation product (or FDP), a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis. It is so named because it contains two D fragments of the fibrin protein joined by a cross-link, hence forming a protein dimer.
D-dimer concentrati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Z-Cote was studied to evaluate hypothetical agricultural impacts if it were to contaminate irrigated water. In the study it was found that Z-Cote had a negligible impact on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) pod production and increased root length and the concentration of more nutritional elements. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Continuous network models of GRNs are an extension of the Boolean networks described above. Nodes still represent genes and connections between them regulatory influences on gene expression. Genes in biological systems display a continuous range of activity levels and it has been argued that using a continuous represen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
# Yang, Dong, Xijun Chang, Yongwen Liu, and Sui Wang. "Synthesis and Efficiency of a Spherical Macroporous Epoxy-Polyamide Chelating Resin for Preconcentrating and Separating Trace Noble Metal Ions." Annali di Chimica 95.1-2 (2005): 111-14.
# Zougagh, Mohammed, J. M. Cano Pav N, and A. Garcia De Torres. "Chelating Sorb... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
These codes typically use regular grids (cubical or rectangular cuboid), conjugate gradient method to solve large system of linear equations, and FFT-acceleration of the matrix-vector products which uses convolution theorem. Complexity of this approach is almost linear in number of dipoles for both time and memory. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There is a complete kiln in the restored Tsalapatas brick Factory in Volos Greece that has been converted to an industrial museum.
There are two in New Zealand.
Kaohsiung city in Taiwan is also home to a Hoffman kiln, built by the Japanese government in 1899. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In June 2010, the first case report appeared of a progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy being successfully treated with mefloquine. Mefloquine can also act against the JC virus. Administration of mefloquine seemed to eliminate the virus from the patient's body and prevented further neurological deterioration.
Mefl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Dicerandrol A
* Dicerandrol B
* Dicerandrol C
* Penexanthone A
* Phomolactonexanthone A
* Phomolactonexanthone B
* Phomoxanthone A and its derivatives:
** 1-acetylphomoxanthone A
** 1,1′-diacetylphomoxanthone A
** 1,1′,8-triacetylphomoxanthone A
** 1,1′,8,8′-tetraacetylphomoxanthone A
** 12-deacetylphomoxanthone A
**... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A duplex steam pump has two sets of steam and water cylinders. They are not physically connected but the steam valves on the first pump are operated by the movement of the second pump's piston rod, and vice versa. The result is that there are no "dead spots" and the pump is always self-starting. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Initial biological evaluation of (+)-discodermolide by the Longley group showed that it has immunosuppressive properties both in vitro and in vivo. The immunosuppression response was observed at a relatively low concentration that (+)-discodermolide was non-toxic in vitro. In both human peripheral blood leukocytes and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Semipalatinsk Test Site, also known as "The Polygon", was the primary testing venue for the Soviet Union's nuclear weapons. It is located on the steppe in northeast Kazakhstan (then the Kazakh SSR), south of the valley of the Irtysh River. The scientific buildings for the test site were located around 150 km west o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fischer graduated from TUM in 1949. He then started his doctoral thesis as an assistant to Professor Walter Hieber in the Inorganic Chemistry Institute, His thesis was entitled "The Mechanisms of Carbon Monoxide Reactions of Nickel(II) Salts in the Presence of Dithionites and Sulfoxylates". | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A common example of galvanic corrosion occurs in galvanized iron, a sheet of iron or steel covered with a zinc coating. Even when the protective zinc coating is broken, the underlying steel is not attacked. Instead, the zinc is corroded because it is less "noble". Only after it has been consumed can rusting of the bas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A screw flowmeter is composed of a set of screws (also called spindles) which form with the internal structure of the flowmeters' casing a measurement chamber.
The screw will get into rotation thanks to the medium passing through the device, which will then be transferred by the-said screws from one end to the other en... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to Web of Science the three most cited papers in the journal are:
# Chiappe C, Pieraccini D. Ionic liquids: solvent properties and organic reactivity, 18(4): 275–297, 2005
# Carmichael AJ, Seddon KR. Polarity study of some 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ambient-temperature ionic liquids with the solvatochromic d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pipe bursting is a trenchless method of replacing buried pipelines (such as sewer, water, or natural gas pipes) without the need for a traditional construction trench. "Launching and receiving pits" replace the trench needed by conventional pipe-laying. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a chemical analysis, the internal standard method involves adding the same amount of a chemical substance to each sample and calibration solution. The internal standard responds proportionally to changes in the analyte and provides a similar, but not identical, measurement signal. It must also be absent from the sam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tenebrescence, also known as reversible photochromism, is the ability of minerals to change color when exposed to light. The effect can be repeated indefinitely, but is destroyed by heating.
Tenebrescent minerals include hackmanite, spodumene and tugtupite. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since there is continuous withdrawal of steam and continuous return of condensate to the boiler, losses due to blowdown and leakages have to be made up to maintain a desired water level in the boiler steam drum. For this, continuous make-up water is added to the boiler water system. Impurities in the raw water input t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metallurgy in China has a long history, with the earliest metal objects in China dating back to around 3,000 BCE. The majority of early metal items found in China come from the North-Western Region (mainly Gansu and Qinghai, 青海). China was the earliest civilization to use the blast furnace and produce cast iron. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A fraction in chemistry is a quantity collected from a batch of a substance in a fractionating separation process. In such a process, a mixture is separated into fractions, which have compositions that vary according to a gradient. A fraction can be defined as a group of chemicals that have similar boiling points. A co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermal spraying techniques are coating processes in which melted (or heated) materials are sprayed onto a surface. The "feedstock" (coating precursor) is heated by electrical (plasma or arc) or chemical means (combustion flame).
Thermal spraying can provide thick coatings (approx. thickness range is 20 microns to sev... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
RNA polymerase binding in bacteria involves the sigma factor recognizing the core promoter region containing the −35 and −10 elements (located before the beginning of sequence to be transcribed) and also, at some promoters, the α subunit C-terminal domain recognizing promoter upstream elements. There are multiple inter... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In acoustics, Stokess law of sound attenuation is a formula for the attenuation of sound in a Newtonian fluid, such as water or air, due to the fluids viscosity. It states that the amplitude of a plane wave decreases exponentially with distance traveled, at a rate given by
where is the dynamic viscosity coefficient ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For example, one could use a cation exchange (negatively charged) surface chemistry for ERLIC separations to reduce the influence on retention of anionic (negatively charged) groups (the phosphates of nucleotides or of phosphonyl antibiotic mixtures; or sialic acid groups of modified carbohydrates) to now allow separat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Levich constant (B) is often used in order to simplify the Levich equation. Furthermore, B is readily extracted from rotating disk electrode experimental data.
The B can be defined as:
where
* n is the number of moles of electrons transferred in the half reaction (number)
* F is the Faraday constant (C/mol)
* A is th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Over the years, Antibody Solutions has had strategic agreements with a range of life science companies, including Open Monoclonal Technology, Inc. (OMT), Reflexion Pharmaceuticals, Guava Technologies, Single-Cell Technologies, [https://www.trianni.com Trianni], Harbour Antibodies, OmniAb and Alloy Therapeutics. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The African crested rat (Lophiomys imhausi) has a broad, white-bordered strip of hairs covering an area of glandular skin on the flank. When the animal is threatened or excited, the mane on its back erects and this flank strip parts, exposing the glandular area. The hairs in this flank area are highly specialised; at ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In dry air, the color of produced light (e.g. by lightning) is dominated by the emission lines of nitrogen, yielding the spectrum with primarily blue emission lines. The lines of neutral nitrogen (NI), neutral oxygen (OI), singly ionized nitrogen (NII) and singly ionized oxygen (OII) are the most prominent features of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Magnetic material synthesis and characterization technology continue to improve, allowing for the production of various shapes, sizes, and compositions of magnetic material to be studied and tuned for improved properties. One of the places which has seen great advancement is in the synthesis of magnetic materials at n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hückels rule is not valid for many compounds containing more than one ring. For example, pyrene and trans-bicalicene contain 16 conjugated electrons (8 bonds), and coronene contains 24 conjugated electrons (12 bonds). Both of these polycyclic molecules are aromatic, even though they fail the 4n + 2 rule. Indeed, Hückel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* In acids: violet
* At equivalence point (pH 5.2): grey
* In bases: green
Methylene blue functions to change the red-yellow shift of methyl red to a more distinct violet-green shift. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In biochemistry, a cross-linked enzyme aggregate is an immobilized enzyme prepared via cross-linking of the physical enzyme aggregates with a difunctional cross-linker. They can be used as stereoselective industrial biocatalysts. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While telomeres play an important role in cellular senescence, the intricate biological details of telomeres still require further investigation. The complex interactions between telomeres, different proteins and the cellular environment must be fully understood in order to develop precise and safe interventions to cha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
FK1012 is a dimer consisting of two molecules of tacrolimus (FK506) linked via their vinyl groups. It is used as a research tool in chemically induced dimerization applications. FK1012 is a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) which makes the protein capable of dimerization or oligomerization of fusion proteins conta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As mentioned above, G-proteins may terminate their own activation due to their intrinsic GTP→GDP hydrolysis capability. However, this reaction proceeds at a slow rate (≈0.02 times/sec) and, thus, it would take around 50 seconds for any single G-protein to deactivate if other factors did not come into play. Indeed, ther... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This book describes the miner and the finding of veins. Agricola assumes that his audience is the mine owner, or an investor in mines. He advises owners to live at the mine and to appoint good deputies. It is recommended to buy shares in mines that have not started to produce as well as existing mines to balance the ri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Confusion between inversion domains and antiphase domains is common, even in the published literature, and particularly in the case of GaAs grown on silicon. (Similar defects form in GaN on silicon, where they are correctly identified as inversion domains). An example is illustrated in the diagram below.
Figure 4. Hi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
By the addition of yttria to pure zirconia (e.g., fully stabilized YSZ) Y ions replace Zr on the cationic sublattice. Thereby, oxygen vacancies are generated due to charge neutrality:
meaning that two Y ions generate one vacancy on the anionic sublattice. This facilitates moderate conductivity of yttrium-stabilized zir... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fujita and coworkers discovered a self-assemble ML (6 palladium ions and 4 ligands in each complex) supramolecular container that could be enhanced into a chiral supramolecule by an addition of peripheral chiral auxiliary. In this case, the auxiliary diethyldiaminocyclohexane does not directly activate the catalytic si... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
"Amoxicillin" is the International Nonproprietary Name (INN), British Approved Name (BAN), and United States Adopted Name (USAN), while "amoxycillin" is the Australian Approved Name (AAN).
Amoxicillin is one of the semisynthetic penicillins discovered by former pharmaceutical company Beecham Group. The patent for amoxi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A year and a half after his execution, Lavoisier was completely exonerated by the French government. During the White Terror, his belongings were delivered to his widow. A brief note was included, reading "To the widow of Lavoisier, who was falsely convicted". | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Devapamil is a calcium channel blocker. It is also known as desmethoxyverapamil, which is a phenylalkylamine (PAA) derivative. Devapamil not only inhibits by blocking the calcium gated channels, but also by depolarizing the membrane during the sodium-potassium exchanges. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2007, the European Commission gave authorization for the marketing of trabectedin, under the trade name Yondelis, "for the treatment of patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma, after failure of anthracyclines and ifosfamide, or who are unsuited to receive these agents". The European Medicine Agency's evaluating c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In RT-PCR, the RNA template is first converted into a complementary DNA (cDNA) using a reverse transcriptase (RT). The cDNA is then used as a template for exponential amplification using PCR. The use of RT-PCR for the detection of RNA transcript has revolutionized the study of gene expression in the following important... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When genotypes grown together in a diverse population have different profiles of resource use they complement each other in the exploitation of the limiting resource and therefore are subject to smaller between-plant competition.
In case of disease or environmental change some plants will take over when others fail. Yi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tropinone is an alkaloid, famously synthesised in 1917 by Robert Robinson as a synthetic precursor to atropine, a scarce commodity during World War I. Tropinone and the alkaloids cocaine and atropine all share the same tropane core structure. Its corresponding conjugate acid at pH 7.3 major species is known as tropini... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This integral may be evaluated by defining the wave function over the complex E plane and closing the E contour using a semicircle on which the wavefunctions vanish. The integral over the closed contour may then be evaluated, using the Cauchy integral theorem, as a sum of the residues at the various poles. We will no... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Rigveda refers to ayas, and also states that the Dasyus had ayas (RV 2.20.8). In RV 4.2.17, "the gods [are] smelting like copper/metal ore the human generations".
The references to ayas in the Rig Veda probably refer to bronze or copper rather than to iron. Scholars like Bhargava maintain that Rigveda was written i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
QuEChERS is a solid phase extraction method for detection of biocide residues in food. The name is a portmanteau word formed from "quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe".
__TOC__ | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mathematical resolution to Loschmidt's paradox is called the (steady state) fluctuation theorem (FT), which is a generalisation of the second law of thermodynamics. The FT shows that as a system gets larger or the trajectory duration becomes longer, entropy-consuming trajectories become more unlikely, and the expec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This is the point at which the rotating wave approximation is made. The dipole approximation has been assumed, and for this to remain valid the electric field must be near resonance with the atomic transition. This means that and the complex exponentials multiplying and can be considered to be rapidly oscillating.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, the Craik–Leibovich (CL) vortex force describes a forcing of the mean flow through wave–current interaction, specifically between the Stokes drift velocity and the mean-flow vorticity. The CL vortex force is used to explain the generation of Langmuir circulations by an instability mechanism. The CL v... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Historically, displacement chromatography was applied to preparative separations of amino acids and rare earth elements and has also been investigated for isotope separation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ortho lithiation can be used to generate many of the same structures as lateral lithiation; however, reactivity differences between aryl- and benzyllithium species may suggest the use of one method over the other. A useful alternative method for stereoselective functionalization of the benzylic position involves the us... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Heat engines have been known since antiquity but were only made into useful devices at the time of the industrial revolution in the 18th century. They continue to be developed today. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Power spectra are needed for each of the points on the surface; this encapsulates information about the turbulence intensity for each point. Under IEC standards, only one power spectrum is used; that is, all points have the same turbulence intensity.
With the power spectra, the spectral matrix can be formed. This a -... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A naturally occurring predator to coral reefs in the Great Barrier Reef is the Crown of Thorns sea star (Acanthaster planci). Population outbreaks of the Crown of Thorns sea star are one of the major causes of coral decline across the Great Barrier Reef, as an adult crown-of-thorns starfish is capable of consuming up t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Experimentally the first examples of mechanically interlocked molecular architectures appeared in the 1960s with catenanes being synthesized by Wasserman and Schill and rotaxanes by Harrison and Harrison. The chemistry of MIMAs came of age when Sauvage pioneered their synthesis using templating methods. In the early 19... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sheath air is clean filtered air that surrounds the aerosol stream to prevent particulates from circulating or depositing within the optic chamber. Sheath air prevents contamination caused by build-up and deposits, improves response time by containing the sample, and improves maintenance by keeping the optic chamber cl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Escitalopram was developed in cooperation between Lundbeck and Forest Laboratories. Its development was initiated in 1997, and the resulting new drug application was submitted to the US FDA in March 2001. The short time (3.5 years) it took to develop escitalopram can be attributed to the previous experience of Lundbeck... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Coenzyme F is synthesized via a multi-step pathway:
* 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin synthase (FbiC) produces Coenzyme FO (also written F0), itself a cofactor of DNA photolyase (antenna). This is the head portion of the molecule.
* 2-phospho-L-lactate transferase (FbiA) produces Coenzyme F-0, the portion co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to a study done by the Mayo Clinic, miscarriage rates for IVF are somewhere between 15 and 25% for those under the age of 35. In naturally conceived pregnancies, the rate of miscarriage is between 10 and 20% for those under the age of 35. Risk of miscarriage, regardless of the method of conception, does incre... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The LiMCA method measures the total concentration and size distribution of inclusions present in aluminum alloys. Its measuring principle is based on an objective and user-independent method. The LiMCA CM system can characterize the cleanliness of a melt at time intervals in the order of one minute. It can therefore mo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ancient world lacked standardized forensic practices, which enabled criminals to escape punishment. Criminal investigations and trials relied heavily on forced confessions and witness testimony. However, ancient sources do contain several accounts of techniques that foreshadow concepts in forensic science developed... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a Maclaurin spheroid of eccentricity greater than 0.812670, a Jacobi ellipsoid of the same angular momentum has lower total energy. If such a spheroid is composed of a viscous fluid (or in the presence of gravitational radiation reaction), and if it suffers a perturbation which breaks its rotational symmetry, then... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lu grew up in Miami, Florida, the daughter of immigrants from Taiwan. She studied chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, earning her B.S. in 2000. As an undergraduate, she conducted research under Prof. Vernon Ingram on peptides that ameliorate amyloid beta neurotoxicity.
She then went on to graduate s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gestonorone caproate is a potent, long-acting, and pure progestogen, possessing no androgenic, anabolic, antiandrogenic, estrogenic, antiestrogenic, glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, or teratogenic effects. It is approximately 20 to 25 times more potent than progesterone or hydroxyprogesterone caproate in animal bioas... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One would want the errors on the stability constants to be roughly commensurate with experimental error. For example, with pH titration data, if pH is measured to 2 decimal places, the errors of should not be much larger than 0.01. In exploratory work where the nature of the species present is not known in advance, se... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A Xe atom that does not capture a neutron undergoes beta decay to Cs, one of the 7 long-lived fission products, while a Xe that does capture a neutron becomes almost-stable Xe.
The probability of capturing a neutron before decay varies with the neutron flux, which itself depends on the kind of reactor, fuel enrichment ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Purinergic signalling has an essential role at interactions between neurons and glia cells, allowing these to detect action potentials and modulate neuronal activity, contributing for intra and extracellular homeostasis regulation. Besides purinergic neurotransmitter, ATP acts as a trophic factor at cellular developmen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Three conditions must be present for oil reservoirs to form:
* A source rock rich in hydrocarbon material buried deeply enough for subterranean heat to cook it into oil,
* A porous and permeable reservoir rock where it can accumulate,
* A caprock (seal) or other mechanism to prevent the oil from escaping to the surface... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1991, a specific high affinity sodium pump inhibitor indistinguishable from ouabain was first discovered in the human circulation and proposed as one of the potential mediators of long term blood pressure and the enhanced salt excretion following salt and volume loading. This agent was an inhibitor of the sodium pu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The École nationale supérieure de chimie de Paris was founded in 1896 by Charles Friedel, a chemist and mineralogist who headed the school until 1899. At the time, the school was called the Laboratoire de chimie pratique et industrielle. It was located in the 6th arrondissement (rue Michelet), where it stayed until 192... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Apart from mass spectrometry and chromatography, other two validation techniques have been developed, namely
#Pre- and post-labelling techniques:
*Pre-labelling → involves the use of P: cells are grown in P containing medium, thus allowing the incorporation of [α-P]NTPs during transcription by T7 RNA polymerase. The ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The fundamental interacting force of physisorption is Van der Waals force. Even though the interaction energy is very weak (~10–100 meV), physisorption plays an important role in nature. For instance, the van der Waals attraction between surfaces and foot-hairs of geckos (see Synthetic setae) provides the remark... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Favipiravir is sold under the brand names , Avifavir, Avipiravir, Areplivir, FabiFlu, Favipira, Reeqonus, and Qifenda. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Forestal is a solvent used in chromatography, composed of acetic acid, water, and hydrochloric acid in a 30:10:3 ratio by volume. It is useful for isolating anthocyanins in room-temperature chromatography using standard filter paper. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Hellman Fellow, Chris & Warren Hellman Young Faculty Award, 2002
* Faculty Career Development Award, Academic Senate, UCSD, 2003
* Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship, 2004
* Lifetime Honorary Member, Israel Chemical Society, 2009
* Visiting Professor at the University of Manchester, since 2009
* Japan Society for th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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