text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
A database storing the sequence alignments of the most conserved regions of protein families. These alignments are used to derive the BLOSUM matrices. Only the sequences with a percentage of identity lower than the threshold are used.
By using the block, counting the pairs of amino acids in each column of the multiple ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The reaction mechanism of allylic C-H acetoxylation has been studied. The first step in the catalytic cycle is cleavage of the allylic C-H bond. The sulfoxide ligand is thought to promote this step by generating a highly electrophilic, possibly cationic palladium species in situ. This species coordinates to the alk... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the 2000s the application of the bulk material analyzer was extended to include minerals. Today, analyzers are found in copper, iron ore, and phosphates, to name a few. One of the advantages of these analyzers is the timeliness of information for the user. Another is the avoidance of physical sampling. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Scientists found a variety of rock types in the Columbia Hills, and they placed them into six different categories. The six are: Adirondack, Clovis, Wishstone, Peace, Watchtower, Backstay, and Independence. They are named after a prominent rock in each group. Their chemical compositions, as measured by APXS, are signi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are drugs, called depolarization blocking agents, that cause prolonged depolarization by opening channels responsible for depolarization and not allowing them to close, preventing repolarization. Examples include the nicotinic agonists, suxamethonium and decamethonium. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For turbulent jet, , the linear terms in the equation can be neglected everywhere except near a small boundary layer along the wall. Then neglecting the non-slip conditions at the wall, the solution is given by
In the case of axisymmetric turbulent plumes where the entrainment rate per unit axial length of the plume i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Adrenergic agonists that are selective for the β subtype cause bronchial dilation and might be expected to relieve the bronchospasm of an asthmatic attack. Nonselective β-agonists have stimulatory cardiac effects and therefore have limited use in cardiac patients with asthma.
Administration of higher doses of short-act... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2003, a research team inserted genes into the brain for the first time. They used liposomes coated in a polymer called polyethylene glycol, which unlike viral vectors, are small enough to cross the blood–brain barrier.
Short pieces of double-stranded RNA (short, interfering RNAs or siRNAs) are used by cells to degra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Magnetorheological dampers are under development for use in military and commercial helicopter cockpit seats, as safety devices in the event of a crash. They would be used to decrease the shock delivered to a passenger's spinal column, thereby decreasing the rate of permanent injury during a crash. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The insertion of carbon monoxide into a metal-carbon bond to form an acyl group is the basis of carbonylation reactions, which provides many commercially useful products. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The effect of airfoil geometry on dynamic stall is quite intricate. As is shown in the figure, for a cambered airfoil, the lift stall is delayed and the maximum nose-down pitch moment is significantly reduced. On the other hand, the inception of stall is more abrupt for a sharp leading-edge airfoil. More information is... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An analytical calculation of the VIPA was first performed by Vega and Weiner in 2003 based on the theory of plane waves and an improved model based on the Fresnel diffraction theory was developed by Xiao and Weiner in 2004. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Orifice plates are most commonly used to measure flow rates in pipes, when the fluid is single-phase (rather than being a mixture of gases and liquids, or of liquids and solids) and well-mixed, the flow is continuous rather than pulsating, the fluid occupies the entire pipe (precluding silt or trapped gas), the flow pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aged reagent can be destroyed with dilute acid to prevent the formation of the highly explosive silver nitride. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The formation of methylene blue after the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and iron(III) at pH 0.4 – 0.7 is used to determine by photometric measurements sulfide concentration in the range 0.020 to 1.50 mg/L (20 ppb to 1.5 ppm). The test is very sensitive and the blue coloration developing ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The z-average molar mass is the third moment or third power average molar mass, which is calculated by
The z-average molar mass can be determined with ultracentrifugation. The melt elasticity of a polymer is dependent on . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Activated carbon is a highly porous, amorphous solid consisting of microcrystallites with a graphite lattice, usually prepared in small pellets or a powder. It is non-polar and cheap. One of its main drawbacks is that it reacts with oxygen at moderate temperatures (over 300 °C).
Activated carbon can be manufactured fro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Erosion corrosion is a degradation of material surface due to mechanical action, often by impinging liquid, abrasion by a slurry, particles suspended in fast flowing liquid or gas, bubbles or droplets, cavitation, etc. The mechanism can be described as follows:
* mechanical erosion of the material, or protective (or pa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The treatment of this type of data is similar to the treatment of absorbance data. In fact the equation defining the relation between fluorescent intensity and species' concentrations is very similar.
where is the fluorescent intensity of the ith species at unit concentration. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Modons or dipole eddy pairs, are eddies that can carry water over distances of more than 1000 km in the ocean, in different directions than usual sea currents like Rossby waves, and much faster than other eddies. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some of the early calculations of the polarization vector were based on
direct inversion and the implementation of the conjugate gradient method by Petravic and Kuo-Petravic. Subsequently, many other conjugate gradient methods have been tested. Advances in the preconditioning of linear systems of equations arising in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2010, the International Fragrance Association published a list of 3,059 chemicals used in 2011 based on a voluntary survey of its members, identifying about 90% of the world's production volume of fragrances. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At GABAergic synapses, the cycle is called the GABA-glutamine cycle. Here the glutamine taken up by neurons is converted to glutamate, which is then metabolized into GABA by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). Upon release, GABA is taken up into astrocytes via GABA transporters and then catabolized into succinate by the joi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In astrophysics, Chandrasekhar's variational principle provides the stability criterion for a static barotropic star, subjected to radial perturbation, named after the Indian American astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A major importance of macromolecular crowding to biological systems stems from its effect on protein folding. The underlying physical mechanism by which macromolecular crowding helps to stabilize proteins in their folded state is often explained in terms of excluded volume - the volume inaccessible to the proteins due ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The EC set maximum residue levels for diphenylamine in 2005. (Annex II and Part B of Annex III to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005). Diphenylamine was one of 84 substances of a European Commission (EC) review program covered by a regulation from 2002 requiring the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) upon EC request to org... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Modified Lak wettability index exists which is based on the areas below water and oil relative permeability curves.
where
: : modified Lak wettability index (index values near -1 and 1 represent strongly oil-wet and strongly water-wet rocks, respectively)
: : Area under the oil relative permeability curve
: : Area un... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
1,2-substituted cyclopropane has a meso cis-isomer (molecule has a mirror plane) and two trans-enantiomers:
The two cis stereoisomers of 1,2-substituted cyclohexanes behave like meso compounds at room temperature in most cases. At room temperature, most 1,2-disubstituted cyclohexanes undergo rapid ring flipping (except... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In general, most biochemical reactions are stereoselective, so only one stereoisomer will produce the intended product while the other simply does not participate or can cause side-effects. Of note, the form of amino acids and the form of sugars (primarily glucose) are usually the biologically reactive form. This is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The 2016 ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) is a Mars telecommunications orbiter and atmospheric gas analyzer mission. It delivered the Schiaparelli EDM lander and then began to settle into its science orbit to map the sources of methane on Mars and other gases, and in doing so, will help select the landing site for the R... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Preparation of McIlvaine buffer requires disodium phosphate and citric acid. One liter of 0.2M stock solution of disodium hydroxyphosphate can be prepared by dissolving 28.38g of disodium phosphate in water, and adding a quantity of water sufficient to make one liter. One liter of 0.1M stock solution of citric acid can... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Baker's yeast (BY) has been utilized for the kinetic resolution of α-stereogenic carbonyl compounds. The enzyme selectively reduces one enantiomer, yielding a highly enantioenriched alcohol and ketone, as shown below.
Bakers yeast has also been used in the kinetic resolution of secondary benzylic alcohols by oxidation.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The liver contains metabolic active tissues as it is responsible for detoxification, protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, It needs a lot of energy to function and contains abundant mitochondria. Any abnormalities in mitochondria would affect liver metabolism. If the liver does not work properly, it may produ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
QR has many uses as a fluorescent probe. The use of QR as a probe is relatively safe, inexpensive, and a sensitive method compared with other fluorescence probes like ethidium bromide or dimeric cyanine dyes. QR is also an ideal fluorescent probe because substrates of interest, such as antibodies, can be detected withi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The drinking bird is a heat engine that exploits a temperature difference to convert heat energy to a pressure difference within the device, and performs mechanical work. Like all heat engines, the drinking bird works through a thermodynamic cycle. The initial state of the system is a bird with a wet head oriented vert... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Impermeable plasma is a type of thermal plasma which acts like an impermeable solid with respect to gas or cold plasma and can be physically pushed. Interaction of cold gas and thermal plasma was briefly studied by a group led by Hannes Alfvén in 1960s and 1970s for its possible applications in insulation of fusion pla... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several cetacean species have very high mean blubber PCB concentrations likely to cause population declines and suppress population recovery. Striped dolphins, bottlenose dolphins and orcas were found to have mean levels that markedly exceeded all known marine mammal PCB toxicity thresholds. The western Mediterranean S... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/optmod/lascool.html Laser Cooling] HyperPhysics
* PhysicsWorld series of articles by Chad Orzel:
** [https://physicsworld.com/a/cold-how-physicists-learned-to-manipulate-and-move-particles-with-laser-cooling/ Cold: how physicists learned to manipulate and move particles wit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gold, copper and tumbaga objects started being produced in Panama and Costa Rica between 300–500 CE. Open-molded casting with oxidation gilding and cast filigrees were in use. By 700–800 CE, small metal sculptures were common and an extensive range of gold and tumbaga ornaments constituted the usual regalia of pe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mitochondrial disease can manifest in many different ways whether in children or adults. Examples of mitochondrial diseases include:
* Mitochondrial myopathy
* Maternally inherited diabetes mellitus and deafness (MIDD)
** While diabetes mellitus and deafness can be found together for other reasons, at an early age thi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Elementary reaction steps with order 3 (called ternary reactions) are rare and unlikely to occur. However, overall reactions composed of several elementary steps can, of course, be of any (including non-integer) order.
Here stands for concentration in molarity (mol · L), for time, and for the reaction rate constant.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The behaviour of fluids at the microscale can differ from "macrofluidic" behaviour in that factors such as surface tension, energy dissipation, and fluidic resistance start to dominate the system. Microfluidics studies how these behaviours change, and how they can be worked around, or exploited for new uses.
At small s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Schwartz's reagent is the common name for the organozirconium compound with the formula (CH)ZrHCl, sometimes called zirconocene hydrochloride or zirconocene chloride hydride, and is named after Jeffrey Schwartz, a chemistry professor at Princeton University. This metallocene is used in organic synthesis for various tra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pure lisinopril powder is white to off white in color. Lisinopril is soluble in water (approximately 13 mg/L at room temperature), less soluble in methanol, and virtually insoluble in ethanol. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The heme-based enzyme nitrite reductase catalyzes the conversion of nitrite to ammonia. The cycle begins with reduction of an iron-nitrite complex to a metal nitrosyl complex.
The copper-containing enzyme nitrite reductase (CuNIR) catalyzes the 1-electron reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide. The proposed mechanism ent... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mixing plenum normally combines two air streams, and includes for three sets of dampers: one for the fresh air, one for the exhaust air, and a mixing damper between the two air streams. The mix of fresh air and recirculated air can thus be adjusted to suit the needs of the building's occupants. Most systems will us... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To fabricate synthetic self-cleaning surfaces, there are a variety of methods used to obtain the desired nanotopography and then characterize surface nanostructure and wettability. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PCR can be used to determine sex from a human DNA sample. The loci of Alu element insertion is selected, amplified and evaluated in terms of size of the fragment. The sex assay utilizes AluSTXa for the X chromosome, AluSTYa for the Y chromosome, or both AluSTXa and AluSTYa, to reduce the possibility of error to a negl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pyrosequencing has also been used to analyze bisulfite-treated DNA without using methylation-specific PCR. Following PCR amplification of the region of interest, pyrosequencing is used to determine the bisulfite-converted sequence of specific CpG sites in the region. The ratio of C-to-T at individual sites can be det... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many photocathodes require excellent vacuum conditions to function and will become "poisoned" when exposed to contaminates. Additionally, using the photocathodes in high current applications will slowly damage the compounds as they are exposed to ion back-bombardment. These effects are quantified by the lifetime of t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All living cells have the ability to receive and process signals that originate outside their membranes, which they do by means of proteins called receptors, often located at the cells surface imbedded in the plasma membrane. When such signals interact with a receptor, they effectively direct the cell to do something, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sublimation is a technique used by chemists to purify compounds. A solid is typically placed in a sublimation apparatus and heated under vacuum. Under this reduced pressure, the solid volatilizes and condenses as a purified compound on a cooled surface (cold finger), leaving a non-volatile residue of impurities behind.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Spectroscopy measures the interaction of the molecules with electromagnetic radiation. Spectroscopy consists of many different applications such as atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
AK1 genetic ablation decreases tolerance to metabolic stress. AK1 deficiency induces fiber-type specific variation in groups of transcripts in glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism. This supports muscle energy metabolism. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The organic compound 1,1,1-trichloroethane, also known as methyl chloroform and chlorothene, is a chloroalkane with the chemical formula CHCCl. It is an isomer of 1,1,2-trichloroethane. This colorless, sweet-smelling liquid was once produced industrially in large quantities for use as a solvent. It is regulated by the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After water infiltrates the soil on an up-slope portion of a hill, the water may flow laterally through the soil, and exfiltrate (flow out of the soil) closer to a channel. This is called subsurface return flow or throughflow.
As it flows, the amount of runoff may be reduced in a number of possible ways: a small portio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cellulose, fibre starch that is indigestible to humans, and a filler in some low calorie foods, can be and is made from sawdust, as well as from other plant sources. While there is no documentation for the persistent rumor, based upon Upton Sinclairs novel The Jungle', that sawdust was used as a filler in sausage, cell... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is a gaseous mixture of 60-80% tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), 10-30% pentafluoroethane (R-125) and 10-30% carbon dioxide (CO).
Its physical properties are similar to those of Halon 1301. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PDE enzymes are composed of 3 functional domains: an N-terminal cyclin fold domain, a linker helical domain and a C-terminal helical bundle domain (see figure 3). The active site is a deep pocket at the junction of the 3 subdomains and is lined with highly conserved residues between isotypes of PDE. The pocket is appro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The thermo-dielectric effect is the production of electric currents and charge separation during phase transition.
This interesting effect was discovered by Joaquim da Costa Ribeiro in 1944. The Brazilian physicist observed that solidification and melting of many dielectrics are accompanied by charge separation. A ther... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The nitrate ion can easily be identified by heating copper turnings along with concentrated sulfuric acid. Effervescence of a brown, pungent gas is observed which turns moist blue litmus paper red.
Here sulfuric acid reacts with the nitrate ion to form nitric acid. Nitric acid then reacts with the copper turnings to fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Early in embryonic development, the embryo has three germ layers and abuts a yolk sac. During the second week of development, the embryo grows and begins to surround and envelop portions of this sac. The enveloped portions form the basis for the adult gastrointestinal tract. Sections of this foregut begin to differenti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The intense color from which the compound gets its name results from irradiation and subsequent excitation and relaxation of the extended π electron system across the R-N=N-R linked phenols. Absorption of these electrons falls in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Azo violets intense indigo color (λ 43... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Concerns about the limits of worldwide uranium resources motivated initial interest in the thorium fuel cycle. It was envisioned that as uranium reserves were depleted, thorium would supplement uranium as a fertile material. However, for most countries uranium was relatively abundant and research in thorium fuel cycle... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In thermal fluid dynamics, the Nusselt number (, after Wilhelm Nusselt) is the ratio of total heat transfer to conductive heat transfer at a boundary in a fluid. Total heat transfer combines conduction and convection. Convection includes both advection (fluid motion) and diffusion (conduction). The conductive component... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the old days of traditional manufacturing, steel and other metals arrived at factories in an untreated and unpainted state. Companies would fabricate and paint or treat the metal components of their product before assembly. This was costly, time-consuming, and environmentally harmful. The coil coating process was pi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When tides enter estuaries or basins, the boundary conditions change as the geometry changes drastically. The water depth becomes shallower and the width decreases, next to that the depth and width become significantly variable over the length and width of the estuary or basin. As a result the tidal wave deforms which ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The deprotonation of carbon acids can proceed with either kinetic or thermodynamic reaction control. Kinetic controlled deprotonation requires a base that is sterically hindered and strong enough to remove the proton irreversibly. For example, in the case of phenylacetone, deprotonation can produce two different enolat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Analysis of amplicons has been made possible by the development of amplification methods such as PCR, and increasingly by cheaper and more high-throughput technologies for DNA sequencing or next-generation sequencing, such as ion semiconductor sequencing, popularly referred to as the brand of the developer, Ion Torrent... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rational thermodynamics is a school of thought in statistical thermodynamics developed in the 1960s.
Its introduction is attributed to Clifford Truesdell (1919–2000), Bernard Coleman (b. 1929) and Walter Noll (1925–2017).
The aim was to develop a mathematical model of thermodynamics that would go beyond the traditional... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The multiplication factor, , is defined as (see nuclear chain reaction):
* If is greater than 1, the chain reaction is supercritical, and the neutron population will grow exponentially.
* If is less than 1, the chain reaction is subcritical, and the neutron population will exponentially decay.
* If , the chain rea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bioremediation of radioactive waste or bioremediation of radionuclides is an application of bioremediation based on the use of biological agents bacteria, plants and fungi (natural or genetically modified) to catalyze chemical reactions that allow the decontamination of sites affected by radionuclides. These radioactiv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trace amines are an endogenous group of trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonists – and hence, monoaminergic neuromodulators – that are structurally and metabolically related to classical monoamine neurotransmitters. Compared to the classical monoamines, they are present in trace concentrations. They are dist... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because it measures anti-oxidant capacity in vitro, the reagent has been used to assay foods and supplements in food science. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) used to be the industry standard for antioxidant strength of whole foods, juices and food additives. Earlier measurements and ratings by the United ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The slippery sequence for a +1 frameshift signal does not have the same motif, and instead appears to function by pausing the ribosome at a sequence encoding a rare amino acid. Ribosomes do not translate proteins at a steady rate, regardless of the sequence. Certain codons take longer to translate, because there are no... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2020, the monoclonal antibody therapies bamlanivimab/etesevimab and casirivimab/imdevimab were given emergency use authorizations by the US Food and Drug Administration to reduce the number of hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and deaths. In September 2021, the Biden administration purchased billion worth of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tens of oligonucleotide probes are designed to be complementary to the RNA of interest. These oligos are labeled with biotin. Cells are cross-linked by UV or formalin and nuclei are isolated from these treated cells. The isolated nuclei were lysed and the released chromatin was fragmented by sonication to produce appro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Glycoglycerolipids: a sub-group of glycolipids characterized by an acetylated or non-acetylated glycerol with at least one fatty acid as the lipid complex. Glyceroglycolipids are often associated with photosynthetic membranes and their functions. The subcategories of glyceroglycolipids depend on the carbohydrate at... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pomeroys report contains errors in the equation: the pipeline slope (S, p. 8) is quoted as m/100m, but should be m/m. This introduces a factor of 10 underestimate in the calculation of the Z factor', used to indicate if there is a risk of sulphide-induced corrosion, if the published units are used. The web link is to t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A hydrogel is a network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, sometimes found as a colloidal gel in which water is the dispersion medium. A three-dimensional solid results from the hydrophilic polymer chains being held together by cross-links. Because of the inherent cross-links, the structural integrity of the hydro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
GEOMAR operates two open ocean research vessels: the 36-year-old RV Poseidon (1050 GT) and the 20-year-old RV Alkor (1000 GT). In 2009, both vessels were refurbished and modernised. It also operates the research cutter, RC Littorina (168 GT) and the research boat, RB Polarfuchs (16 GT). In addition it operates JAGO, a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As a historian of science, Brown contributed seven biographical profiles of African American chemists to the African American National Biography Project, of which contained the first African American women to get their Ph.Ds degrees in chemistry and chemical engineering. She is the author of the 2011 book African Ameri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Shock is formed due to coalescence of various small pressure pulses. Sound waves are pressure waves and it is at the speed of the sound wave the disturbances are communicated in the medium. When an object is moving in a flow field the object sends out disturbances which propagate at the speed of sound and adjusts the r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is exactly the energy of the incident photon minus the energy of the electron's binding within an atom, molecule or solid, the binding energy can be determined by shining a monochromatic X-ray or UV light of a known energy and measuring the kinetic energies of the pho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A gene (or genetic) regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins which, in turn, determine the function of the cell. GRN also play a central role in morphogenesis, the creati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-Q oxidoreductase), also known as electron transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase, is a third entry point to the electron transport chain. It is an enzyme that accepts electrons from electron-transferring flavoprotein in the mitochondrial matrix, and uses th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
R-M systems are major players in the co-evolutionary interaction between mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and their hosts. Genes encoding R-M systems have been reported to move between prokaryotic genomes within MGEs such as plasmids, prophages, insertion sequences/transposons, integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Digestion of some fats can begin in the mouth where lingual lipase breaks down some short chain lipids into diglycerides. However fats are mainly digested in the small intestine. The presence of fat in the small intestine produces hormones that stimulate the release of pancreatic lipase from the pancreas and bile from... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CYC1 is a human gene that is conserved in chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, rat, zebrafish, fruit fly, mosquito, C. elegans, S. cerevisiae, K. lactis, E. gossypii, S. pombe, N. crassa, A. thaliana, rice, and frog. There are orthologs of CYC1 in 137 known organisms.
In its structure and function, the cytochrom... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mestizo communities in Loreto, Peru use peatlands for hunting and gathering, and sustainably cultivating native palms, which they replant to restore the resource. They are conscious of the limits to the resource and the need to avoid wasteful felling during harvest. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A distinction should be made between quantification of drugs binding to receptors and drugs producing responses. There may not necessarily be a linear relationship between the two values. In contrast to this article's previous definition of the Hill equation, the IUPHAR defines the Hill equation in terms of the tissue ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Teeth are complex structures made of materials specific to them. They are made of a bone-like material called dentin, which is covered by the hardest tissue in the body—enamel. Teeth have different shapes to deal with different aspects of mastication employed in tearing and chewing pieces of food into smaller and small... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wilhem Walter Rudolph Max Seelmann-Eggebert (17 April 1915 – 19 July 1988) was a German radiochemist. He was son of Erich Eggebert and Edwig Schmidt.
He was a student of Otto Hahn at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry, where, after 1939, he worked with Fritz Strassmann on nuclear fission.
In 1949, he joined the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
tert-Butanesulfinamide (also known as 2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide or Ellmans sulfinamide) is an organosulfur compound and a member of the class of sulfinamides. Both enantiomeric forms are commercially available and are used in asymmetric synthesis as chiral auxiliaries, often as chiral ammonia equivalents for the sy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Khwarizmi International Award,
* Distinguished National Professor, 1997,
* The first-class Research Medal, University of Tehran, 2003,
* National Eminent Character 2003,
* First-rank basic science research medal in Annual Razi Medical Sciences Research Festival 2005,
*Iranian Science and Culture Hall of Fame, 2005... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While Hahn was in North America, his attention was drawn to a mica-like mineral from Manitoba that contained rubidium. Some years before he had studied the radioactive decay of rubidium-87, and had estimated its half life at 2 x 10 years. It occurred to Hahn that by comparing the quantity of strontium in the mineral (w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermochemical changes involve decomposition of the explosives and binders, loss of strength of binder as it softens or melts, or stiffening of the binder if the increased temperature causes crosslinking of the polymer chains. The changes can also significantly alter the porosity of the material, whether by increasing ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The objective of an atomic bomb is to produce a device, according to Serber, "...in which energy is released by a fast neutron chain reaction in one or more of the materials known to show nuclear fission." According to Rhodes, "Untamped, a bomb core even as large as twice the critical mass would completely fission less... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane is a haloalkane with the formula . It is one of the three isomers of dichlorofluoroethane. It belongs to the hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) family of man-made compounds that contribute significantly to both ozone depletion and global warming when released into the environment. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Detonation spraying produces coatings of very high chemical bond strength and hardness. Coatings are of low porosity, oxygen content and have a low to medium surface roughness. This is achieved due to the extremely high temperatures and velocities produced by the detonation gun during surface coating application. These... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.