text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
Relief from chronic pain remains a recognized unmet medical need. Consequently, the search for new analgesic agents is being intensively studied by the pharmaceutical industry. The TRPV1 receptor is a ligand gated ion channel that has been implicated in mediation of many types of pain and therefore studied most extens... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Natural isotopic variations amongst the noble gases result from both radiogenic and nucleogenic production processes. Because of their unique properties, it is useful to distinguish them from the conventional radiogenic isotope systems described above. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The application of the term "paludiculture" is debated as it is contingent on whether different peatland agricultural practices are considered sustainable. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions, how sustainable a paludiculture practice is deemed to be depends on the greenhouse gas measured, the species of plant and the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An important contraindication to MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is having metal objects anywhere near, and most especially inside the field of, the MRI scanner. Not only does this entail that people with implanted metal plates, bone screws (internal fixation), or syndesmotic screws often cannot undergo MRI, it also e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Climate change, rising levels of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, excess nutrients, and pollution in many forms are altering global oceanic geochemistry. Rates of change for some aspects greatly exceed those in the historical and recent geological record. Major trends include an increasing acidity, reduced subsurf... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Given the importance of glycan-protein interactions, there is an ongoing research dedicated to the a) creation of new tools to detect glycan-protein interactions and b) using those tools to decipher the so-called sugar code. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To attach the upper body of the NanoKid to the lower body, the two components were added to a solution of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, copper(I) iodide, TEA, and THF. This resulted in the final structure of the NanoKid. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For sum-frequency generation to occur efficiently, phase-matching conditions must be satisfied:
where are the angular wavenumbers of the three waves as they travel through the medium. (Note that the equation resembles the equation for conservation of momentum.) As this condition is satisfied more and more accurately, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The EDM process is most widely used by the mold-making, tool, and die industries, but is becoming a common method of making prototype and production parts, especially in the aerospace, automobile and electronics industries in which production quantities are relatively low. In sinker EDM, a graphite, copper tungsten, or... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The level of reducing sugars in wine, juice, and sugarcane are indicative of the quality of these food products, and monitoring the levels of reducing sugars during food production has improved market quality. The conventional method for doing so is the Lane-Eynon method, which involves titrating the reducing sugar wit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Liquid marbles were first reported by P. Aussillous and D. Quere in 2001, who described a new method to construct portable water droplets in the atmospheric environment with hydrophobic coating on their surface to prevent the contact between water and the solid ground (Figure 1). Liquid marbles provide a new approach t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In many condensation polymers, the repeat unit contains two structural units related to the comonomers which have been polymerized. For example, in polyethylene terephthalate (PET or "polyester"), the repeat unit is -CO-CH-CO-O-CH-CH-O-. The polymer is formed by the condensation reaction of the two monomers terephthal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It has been found that the F number linearly correlates with the log k' value (logarithm of the retention factor) in aqueous reversed-phase liquid chromatography. This relationship can be used to understand the significance of different aspects of molecular architecture on their separation using different stationary ph... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Utilizing sandbags and a significant workforce represents another unique closure method. This approach was employed during the construction of the dam across the Feni river in Bangladesh. At low tide, the riverbed at the closure site was almost completely exposed.
Twelve depots, each containing 100,000 sandbags, were e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Placebo is the opening word of the antiphon of vespers in the Office of the Dead, used as a name for the service as a whole. The full sentence, from the Vulgate, is I will please the Lord in the land of the living, from Psalm 116:9. To sing placebo at a funeral came to mean to falsely claim a connection to the decease... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The 43S preinitiation complex (43S PIC) is a ribonucleoprotein complex that exists during an early step of eukaryotic translation initiation. The 43S PIC contains the small ribosomal subunit (40S) bound by the initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, and the eIF2-Met-tRNA-GTP ternary complex (eIF2-TC). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biochemistry and molecular biology, saline-sodium citrate (SSC) buffer is used as a hybridization buffer, to control stringency for washing steps in protocols for Southern blotting, in situ hybridization, DNA Microarray or Northern blotting. 20X SSC may be used to prevent drying of agarose gels during a vacuum trans... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An experimental device working according to thermogravitational cycle principle was developed in a laboratory of the University of Bordeaux and patented in France. Such thermogravitational electric generator is based on inflation and deflation cycles of an elastic bag made of nitrile elastomer cut from a glove finger. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Ruhrchemie/Rhone–Poulenc process (RCRPP) relies on a rhodium catalyst with water-soluble TPPTS as ligand (Kuntz Cornils catalyst) for the hydroformylation of propene. The tri-sulfonation of triphenylphosphane ligand provides hydrophilic properties to the organometallic complex. The catalyst complex carries nine sul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Unsealed sources are sources that are not in a permanently sealed container, and are used extensively for medical purposes. They are used when the source needs to be dissolved in a liquid for injection into a patient or ingestion by the patient. Unsealed sources are also used in industry in a similar manner for leak de... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Yeast fungi, being facultative anaerobes, can either produce energy through ethanol fermentation or aerobic respiration. When the O concentration is low, the two pyruvate molecules formed through glycolysis are each fermented into ethanol and carbon dioxide. While only 2 ATP are produced per glucose, this method is uti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Jean Ruel was the dean of the Faculty of Medicine and physician to King Francis I of France. He perfected the Latin translation of the Materia Medica directly from the "princeps" edition. He tried to develop a translation joining philology, botany and medicine. This work, printed in 1516 by Henri Estienne/Stephano, bec... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aldehydes have properties that are diverse and that depend on the remainder of the molecule. Smaller aldehydes are more soluble in water, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde completely so. The volatile aldehydes have pungent odors.
Aldehydes can be identified by spectroscopic methods. Using IR spectroscopy, they display a st... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ferrous oxalate (iron(II) oxalate) are inorganic compound with the formula FeCO(HO) where x is 0 or 2. These are orange compounds, poorly soluble in water. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PDRC coatings or paints tend to be advantageous for their direct application to surfaces, simplifying preparation processes and reducing costs, although not all PDRC coatings are inexpensive. Coatings generally offer "strong operability, convenient processing, and low cost, which have the prospect of large-scale utiliz... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Acetyl-CoA
*fatty acyl-CoA (activated form of all fatty acids; only the CoA esters are substrates for important reactions such as mono-, di-, and triacylglycerol synthesis, carnitine palmitoyl transferase, and cholesterol esterification)
**Propionyl-CoA
**Butyryl-CoA
**Myristoyl-CoA
**Crotonyl-CoA
*Acetoacetyl-CoA
*Co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thalidomide was originally released in the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) under the label of Contergan on October 1, 1957, by Chemie Grünenthal (now Grünenthal). The drug was primarily prescribed as a sedative or hypnotic, but it was also used as an antiemetic for morning sickness in pregnant women. The dru... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Military activity is a source of uranium, especially at nuclear or munitions testing sites. Depleted uranium (DU) is a byproduct of uranium enrichment that is used for defensive armor plating and armor-piercing projectiles. Uranium contamination has been found at testing sites in the UK, in Kazakhstan, and in several c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Non exhaustive list of microorganisms.
Bacteria (Gram-positive and -negative)
*Acinetobacter spp.
*Aeromonas hydrophila
*Bacillus brevis
*Bacillus cereus
*Bacillus megaterium
*Bacillus subtilis
*Burkholderia cepacia
*Campylobacter jejuni
*Capnocytophaga ochracea
*Corynebacterium xerosis
*Enterobacter cloacae
*Escherich... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, vinylene (also or 1,2-ethenediyl) is a divalent functional group (a part of a molecule) with formula −CH=CH−; namely, two carbons, each connected to the other by a double bond, to an hydrogen atom by a single bond, and to the rest of the molecule by another single bond.
This group can be viewed as a mole... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After a library is created, the genome of an organism can be sequenced to elucidate how genes affect an organism or to compare similar organisms at the genome-level. The aforementioned genome-wide association studies can identify candidate genes stemming from many functional traits. Genes can be isolated through genomi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many secondary amines react with carbon disulfide and sodium hydroxide to form dithiocarbamate salts:
Ammonia reacts with CS similarly:
:2 NH + CS → HNCSNH
Dithiocarbamate salts are pale colored solids that are soluble in water and polar organic solvents. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The electrochemist John Bockris proposed the words electronation and deelectronation to describe reduction and oxidation processes, respectively, when they occur at electrodes. These words are analogous to protonation and deprotonation. They have not been widely adopted by chemists worldwide, although IUPAC has recogni... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One unique property of xDNA is its inherent fluorescence. Natural bases can be bound directly to fluorophores for use in microarrays, in situ hybridization, and polymorphism analysis. However, these fluorescent natural bases often fail as a result of self-quenching, which diminishes their fluorescent intensity and redu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* [https://www.bio.vu.nl/thb/deb/deblab/add_my_pet/index.html Add my pet (AmP)] project is a collection of DEB models for over 1000 species, and explores patterns in parameter values across taxa. Routines for parameter exploration are available in [https://www.bio.vu.nl/thb/deb/deblab/add_my_pet/AmPtool.html AmPtool] ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From the equality of the flow parameters on two different days , measured values on one day can be corrected to those that would be measured on a standard day so,
where are measured values and 519 degR and 14.7lb/sq in are the standard day temperature and pressure.
The temperature and pressure correction factors... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
#"Walter, Filip Neriusz", in Stanley S. Sokol, The Polish Biographical Dictionary, Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 1992.
#Stefan Sękowski, Stefan Szostkiewicz, Serce i retorta (The Heart and the Retort), Warsaw, Wiedza Powszechna, 1957.
#Aleksander Jełowicki, Wspomnienia (Memoirs), Paris, 1839.
#Stanisław Wodzicki, Wspom... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The tool has a crucial part to creation of the final product. The tool consists of two main functions:
# Localized heating
# Material flow
The tool at its most simplest form consist of a shoulder, a small cylinder with a diameter of 50 mm, and a pin, a small threaded cylinder similar to a drill. The tool itself has b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Two methods to extract the Gibbs free energy based on the value of CMC and exist; Phillips method based on the law of mass action and the pseudo-phase separation model. The law of mass action postulates that the micelle formation can be modeled as a chemical equilibrium process between the micelles and its constituen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alloy systems that are liquid at room temperature have thermal conductivity far superior to ordinary non-metallic liquids, allowing liquid metal to efficiently transfer energy from the heat source to the liquid. They also have a higher electrical conductivity that allows the liquid to be pumped more efficiently, by ele... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemistry in Australia is a magazine published by the RACI monthly. It contains news, reviews of books and chemical software, as well as reports and stories aimed at a broad chemical audience. It is free to read online, and also available as a hard copy for members. It was established in 1934 as the Journal and Proceed... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Uniporters work to transport molecules or ions by passive transport across a cell membrane down its concentration gradient.
Upon binding and recognition of a specific substrate molecule on one side of the uniporter membrane, a conformational change is triggered in the transporter protein. This causes the transporter pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methyl phenyldiazoacetate is the organic compound with the formula CHC(N)COMe. It is a diazo derivative of methyl phenylacetate. Colloguially referred to as "phenyldiazoacetate", it is generated and used in situ after isolation as a yellow oil.
Methyl phenyldiazoacetate and many related derivatives are precursors to d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phycobilisomes can be used in [https://store-7fikt.mybigcommerce.com/product_images/uploaded_images/J_Fluorescence_PBXL_Detection.pdf prompt fluorescence], flow cytometry, Western blotting and protein microarrays. Some phycobilisomes have an absorption and emission profile similar to Cy5, allowing them to be used in m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mini-bulk tests are conducted with 1-100t of samples on industrial scale sensor-based ore sorters. The size fraction intervals to be treated are prepared using screen classifications. Full capacity is established then with each fraction and multiple cut-points are programmed in the sorting software. After creating mult... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dendrimers have potential applications in sensors. Studied systems include proton or pH sensors using poly(propylene imine), cadmium-sulfide/polypropylenimine tetrahexacontaamine dendrimer composites to detect fluorescence signal quenching, and poly(propylenamine) first and second generation dendrimers for metal cation... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The eluent or eluant is the "carrier" portion of the mobile phase. It moves the analytes through the chromatograph. In liquid chromatography, the eluent is the liquid solvent; in gas chromatography, it is the carrier gas. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In special situations, some ligands participate in substitution reactions leading to associative pathways. These ligands can adopt multiple motifs for binding to the metal, each of which involves a different number of electrons "donated." A classic case is the indenyl effect in which an indenyl ligand reversibly "slips... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The basis of a sigma hole interaction is an energetically stabilizing interaction between a positively charged site (sigma hole) and a negatively charged site (lone pair) on different atoms. The positive site is produced by a covalent sigma bond between the atom hosting the sigma hole and a neighboring atom. The presen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biohydrometallurgy is a technique in the world of metallurgy that utilizes biological agents (bacteria) to recover and treat metals such as copper. Modern biohydrometallurgy advances started with the bioleaching of copper more efficiently in the 1950's | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are a few known ways that tetrose sugars are used in nature. Some are seen in metabolic pathways and others are known to affect certain enzymes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
pIII is the protein that determines the infectivity of the virion. pIII is composed of three domains (N1, N2 and CT) connected by glycine-rich linkers. The N2 domain binds to the F pilus during virion infection freeing the N1 domain which then interacts with a TolA protein on the surface of the bacterium. Insertions wi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In materials science and engineering, there is often interest in understanding the forces or stresses involved in the deformation of a material. For instance, if the material were a simple spring, the answer would be given by Hookes law, which says that the force experienced by a spring is proportional to the distance ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bents rule can be extended to rationalize the hybridization of nonbonding orbitals as well. On the one hand, a lone pair (an occupied nonbonding orbital) can be thought of as the limiting case of an electropositive substituent, with electron density completely polarized towards the central atom. Bents rule predicts t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The off-target activity of an active nuclease may lead to unwanted double-strand breaks and may consequently yield chromosomal rearrangements and/or cell death. Studies have been carried out to compare the relative nuclease-associated toxicity of available technologies. Based on these studies and the maximal theoret... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In multi-exponential fitting, the time-resolved curves are fitted with an exponential decay model to determine the decay constants. While this method is straightforward, it has low accuracy. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vitrification is the progressive partial fusion of a clay, or of a body, as a result of a firing process. As vitrification proceeds, the proportion of glassy bond increases and the apparent porosity of the fired product becomes progressively lower. Vitreous bodies have open porosity, and may be either opaque or translu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the first system, a wild-type Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (M-MLV) reverse transcriptase was fused to the Cas9 H840A nickase C-terminus. Detectable editing efficiencies were observed. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
British chemist Henry Cavendish, the discoverer of hydrogen in 1766, discovered that air is composed of more gases than nitrogen and oxygen. He recorded these findings in 1784 and 1785; among them, he found a then-unidentified gas less reactive than nitrogen. Helium was first reported in 1868; the report was based on t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
D-luciferin is the substrate for firefly luciferases bioluminescence reaction, while L-luciferin is the substrate for luciferyl-CoA synthetase activity. Both reactions are inhibited by the substrates enantiomer: L-luciferin and D-luciferin inhibit the bioluminescence pathway and the CoA-ligase pathway, respectively. Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The deep ocean harbors more than 98% of the dissolved inorganic carbon pool, along with a rapid sedimentation rate that results in low particulate organic carbon inputs. It is yet to be resolved what effect microbes have on the global carbon cycle. Studies show that microbes in the deep ocean are not dormant, but are m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Local contamination from radium-based radioluminescent paints having been improperly disposed of is not unknown. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Levoketoconazole, sold under the brand name Recorlev, is a steroidogenesis inhibitor that is used for the treatment of Cushing's syndrome. Levoketoconazole was approved for medical use in the United States in December 2021.
Levoketoconazole is the levorotatory or (2S,4R) enantiomer of ketoconazole, and it is an inhibit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methyl yellow, or C.I. 11020, is an organic compound with the formula CHNCHN(CH). It is an azo dye derived from dimethylaniline. It is a yellow solid. According to X-ray crystallography, the CN core of the molecule is planar.
It is used as a dye for plastics and may be used as a pH indicator. In aqueous solution at ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Current scRNA-Seq protocols involve the following steps: isolation of single cell and RNA, reverse transcription (RT), amplification, library generation and sequencing. Single cells are either mechanically separated into microwells (e.g., BD Rhapsody, Takara ICELL8, Vycap Puncher Platform, or CellMicrosystems CellRaft)... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is thought that early scleraxis-expressing progenitor cells lead to the eventual formation of tendon tissue and other muscle attachments. Scleraxis is involved in mesoderm formation and is expressed in the syndetome (a collection of embryonic tissue that develops into tendon and blood vessels) of developing somites... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For the stoichiometric reactions involving alkali metal or alkaline earth acetylides, work-up for the reaction requires liberation of the alcohol. To achieve this hydrolysis, aqueous acids are often employed.
Common solvents for the reaction include ethers, acetals, dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most asymmetric Heck reactions employing chiral phosphines proceed by the cationic pathway, which does not require the dissociation of a phosphine ligand. Oxidative addition of an aryl perfluorosulfonate generates a cationic palladium aryl complex V. The mechanism then proceeds as in the neutral case, with the differen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Henderson–Hasselbach equation gives the pH of a solution relative to the pK of the acid–base pair. However the pK is dependent on ionic strength and temperature, and as it shifts so will the pH of a solution based on that acid–base pair. Because the doubly charged [HPO] is stabilized more by high ionic strength tha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term muscle tissue engineering, while it is a subset of the much larger discipline, tissue engineering, was first coined in 1988 when Herman Vandenburgh, a surgeon, cultured avian myotubes in collagen-coated culture plates. This started a new era of in vitro tissue engineering. The ideal was officially adopted in 1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Due to the cohesive forces, a molecule located away from the surface is pulled equally in every direction by neighboring liquid molecules, resulting in a net force of zero. The molecules at the surface do not have the same molecules on all sides of them and therefore are pulled inward. This creates some internal pressu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Safranines are the azonium compounds of symmetrical 2,8-dimethyl-3,7-diaminophenazine. They are obtained by the joint oxidation of one molecule of a para-diamine with two molecules of a primary amine; by the condensation of para-aminoazo compounds with primary amines, and by the action of para-nitrosodialkylanilines wi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to its relatively short turnover time of ~6 weeks in the human body, Cu serves as an important indicator of cancer and other diseases that rapidly evolve. The serum of cancer patients contains significantly higher levels of Cu than that of healthy patients due to copper chelation by lactate, which is produced via a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
no large clinical trials of CoQ in cancer treatment had been conducted. The US's National Cancer Institute identified issues with the few, small studies that had been carried out, stating, "the way the studies were done and the amount of information reported made it unclear if benefits were caused by the CoQ or by some... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The timing electronics is needed to losslessly reconstruct the histogram of the distribution of time of flight of photons. This is done by using the technique of time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC), where the individual photon arrival times are marked with respect to a start/stop signal provided by the perio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cross-shelf transport, the exchange of water between coastal and offshore environments, is of particular interest for its role in delivering meroplanktonic larvae to often disparate adult populations from shared offshore larval pools. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the cross-shelf of planktonic larvae by int... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Direct reduced iron (DRI), also called sponge iron, is produced from the direct reduction of iron ore (in the form of lumps, pellets, or fines) into iron by a reducing gas which either contains elemental carbon (produced from natural gas or coal) or hydrogen. When hydrogen is used as the reducing gas there are no gree... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Geiger counter is a colloquial name for any hand-held radiation measuring device in civil defense, but most civil defense devices were ion-chamber radiological survey meters capable of measuring only high levels of radiation that would be present after a major nuclear event.
Most Geiger and ion-chamber survey meters we... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transactivation can be triggered either by endogenous cellular or viral proteins, also called transactivators. These protein factors act in trans (i.e., intermolecularly). HIV and HTLV are just two of the many viruses that encode transactivators to enhance viral gene expression. These transactivators can also be linke... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Negative ion products are products which claim to release negative ions and create positive health effects, although these claims are unsupported. Many also claim to protect users from 5G radiation. These claims are likewise unsubstantiated. A market has developed for these products due to conspiracy theories about 5G.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concept that individuals might have a "metabolic profile" that could be reflected in the makeup of their biological fluids was introduced by Roger Williams in the late 1940s, who used paper chromatography to suggest characteristic metabolic patterns in urine and saliva were associated with diseases such as schizoph... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
LC–MS is widely used in the field of bioanalysis and is specially involved in pharmacokinetic studies of pharmaceuticals. Pharmacokinetic studies are needed to determine how quickly a drug will be cleared from the body organs and the hepatic blood flow. MS analyzers are useful in these studies because of their shorter ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
β-blockers' binding site to the receptor is the same as for endogenous catecholamines, such as noradrenaline and adrenaline. This binding is based on hydrogen bonds between the β-blocker and the receptor, and therefore not based on covalent bonds, which results in the reversibility of the binding. A significant step in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pomalidomide was submitted for FDA approval on April 26, 2012 and on 21 June it was announced that the drug would get standard FDA review. A marketing authorization application was filed to EMA 21 June 2012, where a decision could come as soon as early 2013. EMA has already granted pomalidomide an orphan designation fo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reduced frequency is the dimensionless number used in general for the case of unsteady aerodynamics and aeroelasticity. It is one of the parameters that defines the degree of unsteadiness of the problem.
For the case of flutter analysis, lift history for the motion obtained from the Wagner analysis (Herbert A. Wagner) ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some enzymes can function as electrocatalysts. Nitrogenase, an enzyme that contains a MoFe cluster, can be leveraged to fix atmospheric nitrogen, i.e. convert nitrogen gas into molecules such as ammonia. Immobilizing the protein onto an electrode surface and employing an electron mediator greatly improves the efficien... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A plug in sanitation is an object that is used to close a drainage outlet firmly.
The insertion of a plug into a drainage outlet allows the container to be filled with water or other fluids. In contrast to screw on caps, plugs are pushed into the hole and are not put over the hole.
Plugs are most commonly encountered i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rgg-like transcriptional regulators can be found in a variety of gram-positive bacteria Where ropB regulates speB protease production in S. pyogenes, a roughly equivalent secretory control mechanism can be seen in Rggs regulation of gtfG glucosyltransferase production in S. gordonii, in the manner in which gadR regulat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The NASBA technique has been used to develop rapid diagnostic tests for several pathogenic viruses with single-stranded RNA genomes, e.g. influenza A, zika virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus, human bocavirus (HBoV) and also parasites like Trypanosoma br... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
LEAPER (Leveraging endogenous ADAR for programmable editing of RNA) is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which RNA can be edited. The technique relies on engineered strands of RNA to recruit native ADAR enzymes to swap out different compounds in RNA. Developed by researchers at Peking University i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In ancient Indian philosophy, preliminary instances of atomism are found in the works of Vedic sage Aruni, who lived in the 8th century BCE, especially his proposition that "particles too small to be seen mass together into the substances and objects of experience" known as kaṇa. Although kana refers to "particles" not... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The quality of a given spectroradiometric system is a function of its electronics, optical components, software, power supply, and calibration. Under ideal laboratory conditions and with highly trained experts, it is possible to achieve small (a few tenths to a few percent) errors in measurements. However, in many prac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Important derivatives of tartaric acid include:
*Sodium ammonium tartrate, the first material separated into its enantiomers
*cream of tartar (potassium bitartrate), used in cooking
*Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate), which has unusual optical properties
*tartar emetic (antimony potassium tartrate), a resolving... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The decay of RF-induced NMR spin polarization is characterized in terms of two separate processes, each with their own time constants. One process, called T, is responsible for the loss of resonance intensity following pulse excitation. The other process, called T, characterizes the width or broadness of resonances. St... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The natural outdoor exposure in the United Kingdom ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 µSv/h with significant increase around known nuclear and contaminated sites. Natural exposure to gamma rays is about 1 to 2 mSv per year, and the average total amount of radiation received in one year per inhabitant in the USA is 3.6 mSv. There i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrofluorocarbons are included in the Kyoto Protocol and are regulated under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol due to their very high Global Warming Potential and the recognition of halocarbon contributions to climate change.
On September 21, 2007, approximately 200 countries agreed to accelerate the elimi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pollution led to more than 2.3 million premature deaths in India in 2019, according to a new Lancet study. Nearly 1.6 million deaths were due to air pollution alone, and more than 500,000 were caused by water pollution. India has developed instruments and regulatory powers to mitigate pollution sources but there is no ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sedimentation in potable water treatment generally follows a step of chemical coagulation and flocculation, which allows grouping particles together into flocs of a bigger size. This increases the settling speed of suspended solids and allows settling colloids. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
European pipe is standardized to
ISO 2531 and its descendent specifications EN 545 (potable water) and EN 598 (sewage). European pipes are sized to approximately match the internal diameter of the pipe, following internal lining, to the nominal diameter. ISO 2531 maintains dimensional compatibility with older German... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development is an independent, academic, non-profit research center at Tufts University in Boston, dedicated to researching drug development. It was established in 1976 by American physician Louis Lasagna. The Center develops and publishes information to help researchers, regulato... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.