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When water vapor condenses (an equilibrium fractionation), the heavier water isotopes (HO and HO) become enriched in the liquid phase while the lighter isotopes (HO and HO) tend toward the vapor phase. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As a result of McCrones work on the Vinland Map, British author and researcher Ian Wilson approached McCrone in 1974 about the possibility of scientifically analyzing the Shroud of Turin, a length of linen cloth that has been venerated for centuries as the burial shroud of Jesus upon which his image is miraculously imp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The number and organization of operons has been studied most critically in E. coli. As a result, predictions can be made based on an organism's genomic sequence.
One prediction method uses the intergenic distance between reading frames as a primary predictor of the number of operons in the genome. The separation merely... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Parasite Rex: Inside the Bizarre World of Natures Most Dangerous Creatures is a nonfiction book by Carl Zimmer that was published by Free Press in 2000. The book discusses the history of parasites on Earth and how the field and study of parasitology formed, along with a look at the most dangerous parasites ever found i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Being smaller than the wavelengths of visible light, nanoparticles can be dispersed in transparent media without affecting its transparency at those wavelengths. This property is exploited in many applications, such as photocatalysis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bacteria utilize complex long helical proteins as chemoreceptors, permitting signals to travel long distances across the cell's membrane. Chemoreceptors allow bacteria to react to chemical stimuli in their environment and regulate their movement accordingly. In archaea, transmembrane receptors comprise only 57% of chem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Wolf effect (sometimes Wolf shift) is a frequency shift in the electromagnetic spectrum.
The phenomenon occurs in several closely related phenomena in radiation physics, with analogous effects occurring in the scattering of light. It was first predicted by Emil Wolf in 1987 and subsequently confirmed in the laborat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The classical Taylor–Couette flow problem assumes infinitely long cylinders; if the cylinders have non-negligible finite length , then the analysis must be modified (though the flow is still unidirectional). For , the finite-length problem can be solved using separation of variables or integral transforms, giving:
wher... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 1900, Elliott Cresson Medal, The Franklin Institute Awards, Philadelphia, PA, USA
* 1901, raised to the hereditary nobility by Franz Joseph I of Austria, with the title of Freiherr Auer von Welsbach
*1920, Werner von Siemens Ring
*1921, Wilhelm Exner Medal, inaugural awardee, Austrian Industry Association, Austria
*... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The transmission of sound can be illustrated by using a model consisting of an array of spherical objects interconnected by springs.
In real material terms, the spheres represent the materials molecules and the springs represent the bonds between them. Sound passes through the system by compressing and expanding the sp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The hydrogen bond can be compared with the closely related dihydrogen bond, which is also an intermolecular bonding interaction involving hydrogen atoms. These structures have been known for some time, and well characterized by crystallography; however, an understanding of their relationship to the conventional hydroge... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to the Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study (AFEAS), in 2006 global production (excluding India and China who did not report production data) of HCFC-142b was 33,779 metric tons and an increase in production from 2006 to 2007 of 34%.
For the most part, concentrations of HCFCs in the atm... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Columnar structures arise naturally in the context of dense hard sphere packings inside a cylinder. Mughal et al. studied such packings using simulated annealing up to the diameter ratio of for cylinder diameter to sphere diameter . This includes some structures with internal spheres that are not in contact with the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Typical examples of an inflatable include the inflatable movie screen, inflatable boat, the balloon, the airship, evacuation slide, furniture, kites, and numerous air-filled swimming pool toys. Air beams as structural elements are finding increasing applications.
Smaller-scale inflatables (such as pool toys) generally ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Woodward also received over twenty honorary degrees, including honorary doctorates from the following universities:
* Wesleyan University in 1945;
* Harvard University in 1957;
* University of Cambridge in 1964;
* Brandeis University in 1965;
* Technion Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa in 1966;
* University of W... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In occupational safety and health, biomonitoring may be done for reasons of regulatory compliance, workplace health surveillance and research, confirming effectiveness of hazard controls, or as a component of occupational risk assessment. It can also be used to reconstruct exposures following acute or accidental event... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Burning of the most abundant isotope of lithium, lithium-7, occurs by a collision of Li and a proton producing beryllium-8, which promptly decays into two helium-4 nuclei. The temperature necessary for this reaction is just below the temperature necessary for hydrogen fusion. Convection in low-mass stars ensures that l... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first form of crucible steel was wootz, developed in India some time around 300 BCE. In its production the iron was mixed with glass and then slowly heated and then cooled. As the mixture cooled the glass would bond to impurities in the steel and then float to the surface, leaving the steel considerably purer. Carb... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A formerly unknown derivative of palytoxin, ovatoxin-a, produced as a marine aerosol by the tropical dinoflagellate Ostreopsis ovata caused hundreds of people in Genoa, Italy, to fall ill. In 2005 and 2006 blooms of these algae occurred in the Mediterranean sea. All those affected needed hospitalization. Symptoms were ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diebold's first appointment after graduation was as a post-doctoral research associate in the group of Theodore E. Madey in the department of physics at Rutgers University (1990-1993). It was there that she was first introduced to oxide surfaces, an area that she would later come to refer to as "the love of her scienti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Calthemite is a secondary deposit, derived from concrete, lime, mortar or other calcareous material outside the cave environment. Calthemites grow on or under, man-made structures and mimic the shapes and forms of cave speleothems, such as stalactites, stalagmites, flowstone etc. Calthemite is derived from the Latin c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Danheiser benzannulation is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry to generate highly substituted phenols in a single step. It is named after Rick L. Danheiser who developed the reaction. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Drinking water which has been chlorinated to kill microbes may contain trace levels of chlorine. The World Health Organization recommends an upper limit of 5 ppm.
Although low, 5 ppm is enough to slowly attack certain types of plastic, particularly when the water is heated, as it is for washing.
Polyethylene, polybutyl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The corium undergoes degradation. The Elephants Foot, hard and strong shortly after its formation, is now cracked enough that a cotton ball treated with glue can easily remove its top 1- to 2-centimeter layer. The structures shape itself is changed as the material slides down and settles. The corium temperature is now ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transduction was discovered in Salmonella by Norton Zinder and Joshua Lederberg at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1952. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chromatin remodeling plays a central role in the regulation of gene expression by providing the transcription machinery with dynamic access to an otherwise tightly packaged genome. Further, nucleosome movement by chromatin remodelers is essential to several important biological processes, including chromosome assembly ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An excess heat observation is based on an energy balance. Various sources of energy input and output are continuously measured. Under normal conditions, the energy input can be matched to the energy output to within experimental error. In experiments such as those run by Fleischmann and Pons, an electrolysis cell opera... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Negative thermal expansion is usually observed in non-close-packed systems with directional interactions (e.g. ice, graphene, etc.) and complex compounds (e.g. , , beta-quartz, some zeolites, etc.). However, in a paper, it was shown that negative thermal expansion (NTE) is also realized in single-component close-packed... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As shown in Scheme 7, Ojima lactam 7.1 reacted with alcohol 7.2 with sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide as a base. This alcohol is the triethylsilyl ether of the naturally occurring compound baccatin III. The related compound, 10-deacetylbaccatin III, is found in Taxus baccata, also known as the European Yew, in concentra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
STAT6-mediated signaling pathway is required for the development of T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells and Th2 immune response. Expression of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5, was reduced in STAT6-deficient mice. STAT 6 protein is crucial in IL4 mediated biological responses. It was found that STAT6 induce the e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This formula must not be confused with the Fanning equation, using the Fanning friction factor , equal to one fourth the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor . Here the pressure drop is: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A water supply network or water supply system is a system of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic components that provide water supply. A water supply system typically includes the following:
# A drainage basin (see water purification – sources of drinking water)
# A raw water collection point (above or below ground) wh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is the most common fatty acid β-oxidation disorder and a prevalent metabolic congenital error It is often identified through newborn screening. Although children are normal at birth, symptoms usually emerge between three months and two years of age, with some... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The DNA of interest needs to be fragmented to provide a relevant DNA segment of suitable size. Preparation of DNA fragments for cloning is achieved by means of PCR, but it may also be accomplished by restriction enzyme digestion and fractionation by gel electrophoresis. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A sperm donor will usually be required to enter into a contract with a sperm bank to supply their semen, typically for a period of six to twenty-four months depending on the number of pregnancies which the sperm bank intends to produce from the donor. If a sperm bank has access to world markets e.g. by direct sales, or... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After postdoctoral fellowships at the ETH, Zürich with Albert Eschenmoser, funded by a Royal Society-Swiss National Foundation Fellowship, and at the University of Cambridge with Jack Lewis, he was appointed to a senior demonstratorship at the University of Edinburgh in 1982. He was subsequently promoted to lecturer, r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Generally, the Fischer–Tropsch process is operated in the temperature range of . Higher temperatures lead to faster reactions and higher conversion rates but also tend to favor methane production. For this reason, the temperature is usually maintained at the low to middle part of the range. Increasing the pressure lead... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thalidomide and its immune-modulating analogs alter the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The analogs are believed to inhibit the production of TNF-α, where the analogs are up to 50.000 times more potent in vitro than the parent drug thalidomide. The... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Resonant panels, Helmholtz resonators and other resonant absorbers work by damping a sound wave as they reflect it. Unlike porous absorbers, resonant absorbers are most effective at low-medium frequencies and the absorption of resonant absorbers is matched to a narrow frequency range. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The development of various methods of cryopreservation of bovine embryos improved embryo transfer technique considerably efficient technology, no longer depending on the immediate readiness of suitable recipients. Pregnancy rates are just slightly less than those achieved with fresh embryos. Recently, the use of cryopr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The settling particles can contact each other and arise when approaching the floor of the sedimentation tanks at very high particle concentration. So that further settling will only occur in adjust matrix as the sedimentation rate decreasing. This is can be illustrated by the lower region of the zone-settling diagram (... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since its original descriptions, the Urey–Bigeleisen–Mayer equation has taken many forms. Given an isotopic exchange reaction , such that designates a molecule containing an isotope of interest, the equation can be expressed by relating the equilibrium constant, , to the product of partition function ratios, namely th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phosphonates are esters of phosphonic acid and have the general formula RP(=O)(OR'). Phosphonates have many technical applications, a well-known member being glyphosate, better known as Roundup. With the formula (HO)P(O)CHNHCHCOH, this derivative of glycine is one of the most widely used herbicides. Bisphosphonates ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The retention factor (R) may be defined as the ratio of the distance travelled by the solute to the distance travelled by the solvent. It is used in chromatography to quantify the amount of retardation of a sample in a stationary phase relative to a mobile phase. R values are usually expressed as a fraction of two deci... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The protein structure of firefly luciferase consists of two compact domains: the N-terminal domain and the C-terminal domain. The N-terminal domain is composed of two β-sheets in an αβαβα structure and a β barrel. The two β-sheets stack on top of each other, with the β-barrel covering the end of the sheets.
The C-termi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Coelenterazine was simultaneously isolated and characterized by two groups studying the luminescent organisms sea pansy (Renilla reniformis) and the cnidarian Aequorea victoria, respectively. Both groups independently discovered that the same compound was used in both luminescent systems. The molecule was named after t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wetlands are dynamic systems that undergo a variety of chemical reactions depending greatly on the specific physicochemical properties of the area, such as temperature, pressure, dissolved organic matter, pH, salinity, and dissolved gases (CO and O). The qualities that have the largest effect are salinity and pH. An in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The equipment required is a colorimeter, some cuvettes and a suitable color reagent. The process may be automated, e.g. by the use of an AutoAnalyzer or by flow injection analysis. Recently, colorimetric analyses developed for colorimeters have been adapted for use with plate readers to speed up analysis and reduce t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Static testing sites provide testing services to clients at fixed locations away from events. Often these are in the entertainment districts of cities. Energy Control in Barcelona and DIMS in the Netherlands provide such services.
Off-site testing occurs away from events and away from clients. Clients submit samples by... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Commercial vortex tubes are designed for industrial applications to produce a temperature drop of up to . With no moving parts, no electricity, and no refrigerant, a vortex tube can produce refrigeration up to using 100 standard cubic feet per minute (2.832 m/min) of filtered compressed air at . A control valve in the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Between depths of 30 and 60 km, oxygen fugacity is mainly controlled by Olivine-Orthopyroxene-Spinel oxidation reaction.
Under deeper upper mantle conditions, Olivine-Orthopyroxene-Garnet oxygen barometer is the redox reaction that is used to calibrate oxygen fugacity.
In this reaction, 4 mole of ferrous ions were oxi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Settleable solids are the particulates that settle out of a still fluid. Settleable solids can be quantified for a suspension using an Imhoff cone. The standard Imhoff cone of transparent glass or plastic holds one liter of liquid and has calibrated markings to measure the volume of solids accumulated in the bottom of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A system undergoes a process when one or more of its properties changes. A process relates to the change of state. An isothermal (same-temperature) process occurs when temperature of the system remains constant. An isobaric (same-pressure) process occurs when the pressure of the system remains constant. A process is ad... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mache (symbol ME from German Mache-Einheit, plural Maches) is a unit of volumic radioactivity named for the Austrian physicist Heinrich Mache. It was defined as the quantity of radon (ignoring its daughter isotopes; in practice, mostly radon-222) per litre of air which ionises a sustained current of 0.001 esu (0.001 St... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The molecular structure of cephalosporin can be altered in various ways to improve in vitro stability, anti-bacterial activity and resistance against β-lactamases. In the acidic conditions of the stomach, in vitro stability can be enhanced by the addition of an amino and a hydrogen to positions α1 and α2 of the cephalo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Early explanations for the deep red color of the salt were attributed to the special structure of the crystal lattice, albeit with little explanation. While Drew & Tess attempted to explain the deep color of this compound based on the assumption of a Pt(III) species, Jensen established the diamagnetism of the compound ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Clay has particles smallest in size (about <0.002 mm) of the particle groups. Clay also has the smallest pores which give it a greater porosity, and it does not drain well. Clay has a sticky texture when wet. Some kinds can grow and dissipate, or in other words shrink and swell. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Belgian microbiologist Philibert Melchior Joseph Ehi Biourge was the first to describe P. rubens in 1923. The medicinal importance was discovered by Alexander Fleming, a physician at St Marys Hospital, London. In September 1928, Fleming found that one of his bacterial cultures (of Staphylococcus aureus) was contaminate... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* [http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/library/data/lit16635 Über den Niederschlag, welchen Pikrinsäre in normalem Harn erzeugt und über eine neue Reaction des Kreatinins] by Max Jaffe (1886) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The major disadvantage to the DSSC design is the use of the liquid electrolyte, which has temperature stability problems. At low temperatures the electrolyte can freeze, halting power production and potentially leading to physical damage. Higher temperatures cause the liquid to expand, making sealing the panels a serio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to Liouville's theorem for Hamiltonian dynamics, the hyper-volume of a cloud of points in phase space remains constant as the system evolves. Therefore, the information entropy must also remain constant, if we condition on the original information, and then follow each of those microstates forward in time:
Ho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ionized-air glow is the luminescent emission of characteristic blue–purple–violet light, often of a color called electric blue, by air subjected to an energy flux either directly or indirectly from solar radiation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Euler number (Eu) is a dimensionless number used in fluid flow calculations. It expresses the relationship between a local pressure drop caused by a restriction and the kinetic energy per volume of the flow, and is used to characterize energy losses in the flow, where a perfect frictionless flow corresponds to an E... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The parabolic model for heat conduction discussed above shows that the Fourier equation (and the more general Fick's law of diffusion) is incompatible with the theory of relativity for at least one reason: it admits infinite speed of propagation of the continuum field (in this case: heat, or temperature gradients). To ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Finally, biological and bio-hybrid drug carriers have shown potential for chemotactic applications. In general, these systems are inspired by microorganisms or cells to help design drug delivery systems that mimic their surface, shape, texture, and movement. One phenomenon that has become increasingly popular in improv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following research papers from IUPAC are in pdf format:
*[https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1998/pdf/7006x1277.pdf Biodegradable hydrogels for bone regeneration through growth factor release]
*[https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2004/pdf/7607x1295.pdf Development of acid-sensitive copolymer micelles for dr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cytochrome b559 is an important component of Photosystem II (PSII) is a multisubunit protein-pigment complex containing polypeptides both intrinsic and extrinsic to the photosynthetic membrane. Within the core of the complex, the chlorophyll and beta-carotene pigments are mainly bound to the antenna proteins CP43 (PsbC... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plasmids were historically used to genetically engineer the embryonic stem cells of rats to create rat genetic disease models. The limited efficiency of plasmid-based techniques precluded their use in the creation of more accurate human cell models. However, developments in adeno-associated virus recombination techniqu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Survivin can be regarded as an oncogene as its aberrant overexpression in most cancer cells contributes to their resistance to apoptotic stimuli and chemotherapeutic therapies, thus contributing to their ongoing survival. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Zhang was born in China, and moved to Gosford on the Central Coast (New South Wales), Australia at age eight. She credits her mother's stories explaining the scientific basis of various phenomena with stimulating her interest in science. She moved to Sydney to attend the University of Sydney, where she completed a Bach... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
These typically consist of a pair of shafts, operated alternately. First, when shaft A is the "primary" and B the "secondary" shaft, the combustion air is added from the top of shaft A, while fuel somewhat below via burner lances. The flame is top-bottom. The hot gases pass downward, cross to shaft B via the so-called ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the neonatal developmental stages, propionic acidemia, which is a medical issue defined as the lack of propionyl-CoA carboxylase, can cause impairment, mental disability, and numerous other issues. This is caused by an accumulation of propionyl-CoA because it cannot be converted to methylmalonyl-CoA. Newborns are te... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Until around 1975, when HEp-2 cells were introduced, animal tissue was used as the standard substrate for immunofluorescence. HEp-2 cells are currently one of the most common substrates for ANA detection by immunofluorescence.
Originally started a laryngeal carcinoma strain, the cell line was contaminated and displaced... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The chemical and structural properties of protein determine their interactions, and thus their functions, in a wide variety of biochemical processes. Since Ruggeri et al. pioneering work on the aggregation pathways of the Josephin domain of ataxin-3, responsible for type-3 spinocerebellar ataxia, an inheritable protein... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The gallium antimonide (GaSb) PV cell, invented in 1989, is the basis of most PV cells in modern TPV systems. GaSb is a III-V semiconductor with the zinc blende crystal structure. The GaSb cell is a key development owing to its narrow bandgap of 0.72 eV. This allows GaSb to respond to light at longer wavelengths than s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cnoidal wave solutions of the KdV equation were presented by Korteweg and de Vries in their 1895 paper, which article is based on the PhD thesis by de Vries in 1894. Solitary wave solutions for nonlinear and dispersive long waves had been found earlier by Boussinesq in 1872, and Rayleigh in 1876. The search for th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Boltwood is credited as being the first to introduce a uranium-lead dating technique to determine the age of geological samples. The discovery stemmed from his investigations of the uranium decay series and conversations with Rutherford. In 1904, Rutherford gave lectures around the topic of radioactivity as a tool for ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Takamine Tokumei from Shuri, Ryūkyū Kingdom, is reported to have made a general anesthesia in 1689 in the Ryukyus, now known as Okinawa. He passed on his knowledge to the Satsuma doctors in 1690 and to Ryūkyūan doctors in 1714.
Hanaoka Seishū (華岡 青洲, 1760–1835) of Osaka was a Japanese surgeon of the Edo period with a k... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The aim of MOSE is to protect the lagoon, its towns, villages, and inhabitants along with its iconic historic, artistic, and environmental heritage from floods, including extreme events.
Although the tide in the lagoon basin is lower than in other areas of the world (where it may reach as high as ), the phenomenon may ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane or 9-BBN is an organoborane compound. This colourless solid is used in organic chemistry as a hydroboration reagent. The compound exists as a hydride-bridged dimer, which easily cleaves in the presence of reducible substrates. 9-BBN is also known by its nickname banana borane. This is because... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ages of domestic cats and dogs are often referred to in terms of "cat years" or "dog years", representing a conversion to human-equivalent years. One formula for cat years is based on a cat reaching maturity in approximately 1 year, which could be seen as 16 in human terms, then adding about 4 years for every year ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the short flap pathway in eukaryotes the lagging strand of DNA is primed in short intervals. In the short pathway only, the nuclease FEN1 is involved. Pol δ frequently encounters the downstream primed Okazaki fragment and displaces the RNA/DNA initiator primer into a 5′ flap. The FEN1 5’-3’ endonuclease recognizes t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phenotypic screening historically has been the basis for the discovery of new drugs. Compounds are screened in cellular or animal disease models to identify compounds that cause a desirable change in phenotype. Only after the compounds have been discovered are efforts made to determine the biological targets of the c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cleve was born in Stockholm, Sweden, as the thirteenth child of his father, a merchant known as Fredrik Theodor Cleve. Cleves ancestors on his fathers side came from western Germany and settled in Sweden in the late 18th century.
Cleve showed interest in natural science and natural history from an early age. He attende... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
1,3 Diaxial interactions occur when the non-hydrogen substituent on a cyclohexane occupies the axial position. This axial substituent is in the eclipsed position with the axial substituents on the 3-carbons relative to itself (there will be two such carbons and thus two 1,3 diaxial interactions). This eclipsed position... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The possibility to measure forces involving particles and surfaces directly is essential since such forces are relevant in a variety of processes involving colloidal and polymeric systems. Examples include particle aggregation, suspension rheology, particle deposition, and adhesion processes. One can equally study simi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A chiral phenomenon is one that is not identical to its mirror image (see the article on mathematical chirality). The spin of a particle may be used to define a handedness, or helicity, for that particle, which, in the case of a massless particle, is the same as chirality. A symmetry transformation between the two is c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MedChemComm (in full: Medicinal Chemistry Communications) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing original (primary) research and review articles on all aspects of medicinal chemistry, including drug discovery, pharmacology and pharmaceutical chemistry. Until December 2019, it was published monthly by the Roya... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Criticism of NeSSI mechanical systems have included higher initial cost, inability to troubleshoot at a component level (due to compact/intensive spacing), and the lack of performance data associated with the use of elastomeric seals in long term installations. From a design perspective, it may be difficult to design a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nanoelectrodes are tiny electrodes made of metals or semiconducting materials having typical dimensions of 1-100 nm.
Various forms of nanoelectrodes have been developed taking advantage of the different possible fabrication techniques: among the most studied are the nanoband, disk, hemispherical, nanopore geometries as... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Real-time PCR is carried out in a thermal cycler with the capacity to illuminate each sample with a beam of light of at least one specified wavelength and detect the fluorescence emitted by the excited fluorophore. The thermal cycler is also able to rapidly heat and chill samples, thereby taking advantage of the physi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many useful organic reactions involve the formation of tetrahedral intermediates through nucleophilic attack of functional groups such as aldehydes, amides or imines. In these cases, catalysis with hydrogen-bond donors is an attractive strategy since the anionic tetrahedral intermediates are better hydrogen-bond accept... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The homopolymers of acrylate esters (e.g., butyl acrylate) have few applications. Copolymers however have many applications/ They are produced by copolymerization of alkyl acrylates and one or more of the following comonomers methyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chlor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Supramolecular assembly requires non-covalent interactions directing the formation of 2D polymers by relying on electrostatic interactions such as hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. To design artificial assemblies capable of high selectivity requires correct manipulation of energetic and stereochemical features... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography (DHPLC) is a method of chromatography for the detection of base substitutions, small deletions or insertions in the DNA. Thanks to its speed and high resolution, this method is particularly useful for finding polymorphisms in DNA.
In practice, the analysis begins with a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to the experimental ease of its use, BMS has become common in hydroboration reactions. In hydroborations with BMS, the dimethylsulfide dissociates in situ, liberating diborane, which rapidly adds to the unsaturated bonds. The resulting organoborane compounds are useful intermediates in organic synthesis. Boranes ad... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
"Salen-type" metal complexes are formed with ligands with similar chelating groups, such as acacen, salph, and salqu. Salqu copper complexes have been investigated as oxidation catalysts. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1964, Girard Henderson had an underground home built on a mountain ranch located near Ward, Colorado.
The construction was completed by builders Julian "Jay" and Kenneth Swayze, from Plainview, Texas. The Swayze brothers established a company known as Underground World Homes, specializing in the design and constru... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Supersonic flow over a flat plate is a classical fluid dynamics problem. There is no exact solution to it. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Geometallurgy relates to the practice of combining geology or geostatistics with metallurgy, or, more specifically, extractive metallurgy, to create a spatially or geologically based predictive model for mineral processing plants. It is used in the hard rock mining industry for risk management and mitigation during ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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