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Besides the classic MAP groups, novel MAPs have been identified that bind the length of the microtubules. These include STOP (also known as MAP6), and ensconsin (also known as MAP7).
In addition, plus end tracking proteins, which bind to the very tip of growing microtubules, have also been identified. These include EB1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ignition should not be confused with breakeven, a similar concept that compares the total energy being given off to the energy being used to heat the fuel. The key difference is that breakeven ignores losses to the surroundings, which do not contribute to heating the fuel, and thus are not able to make the reaction sel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A quaternary carbon is a carbon atom bound to four other carbon atoms. For this reason, quaternary carbon atoms are found only in hydrocarbons having at least five carbon atoms. Quaternary carbon atoms can occur in branched alkanes, but not in linear alkanes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
X-ray spectroscopy methods can be used for genuine operando analyses of catalysts and other functional materials. The redox dynamics of sulfur with Ni/GDC anode during solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operation at mid- and low-range temperatures in an operando S K-edge XANES have been studied. Ni is a typical catalyst mate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neocarzinostatin is a natural product of Streptomyces carzinostaticus. It forms an apoprotein with a 113-amino acid polypeptide which can cleave histone protein H1. Neocarzinostatin is an example of an enediyne that undergoes triggering via Myers-Saito cyclization. An analog of neocarzinostatin, SMANCS, has been approv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Regulation of glyceroneogenesis is a therapeutic target of type 2 diabetes treatment, specifically inhibiting it in the liver and increasing it in adipose tissues. Insulin down-regulates glyceroneogenesis in the liver, but it also suppresses it in adipose tissue. To restrict the release of free fatty acids from adipose... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In standard cis-splicing, the donor splice site in upstream position is required together with an acceptor site located on downstream position on the same pre-RNA molecule.
By contrast, the SL trans-splicing relies on a 3 acceptor splice site on the outron, and a 5 donor splice site (GU dinucleotide) located on a separ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Retention uniformity is calculated from the following formula:
where n is the number of compounds separated, R are the Retention factor of the compounds sorted in non-descending order. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Similar to yttrium, rare-earth metals from Gd to Lu can form REBSi-type boride. The first such compound was synthesized by solid-state reaction and its structure was deduced as YB. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and electron diffraction indicated that YB has an orthorhombic structure with lattice constants a = 1.66251(... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The meaning of the term has evolved. The original meaning of transfection was "infection by transformation", i.e., introduction of genetic material, DNA or RNA, from a prokaryote-infecting virus or bacteriophage into cells, resulting in an infection. For work with bacterial and archaeal cells transfection retains its ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sidney Cohen was a Los Angeles-based psychiatrist. His work focused on the effects of psychedelics, primarily LSD. Cohen published 13 books in his life, all of them based on drugs and substance abuse. He began working with LSD in the 1950s. One of his earlier works is a video of an experiment that shows Cohen interview... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For mass spectrometry studies at low pressure, methenium can be obtained by ultraviolet photoionization of methyl radical, or by collisions of monatomic cations such as and with neutral methane. In such conditions, it will react with acetonitrile to form the ion .
Upon capture of a low-energy electron (less than ), ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHV) Posttranscriptional Regulatory Element (WPRE) is a DNA sequence that, when transcribed, creates a tertiary structure enhancing expression. The sequence is commonly used in molecular biology to increase expression of genes delivered by viral vectors. WPRE is a tripartite regulatory elemen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A dynamic shear rheometer, commonly known as DSR is used for research and development as well as for quality control in the manufacturing of a wide range of materials. Dynamic shear rheometers have been used since 1993 when Superpave was used for characterising and understanding high temperature rheological properties ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Real-time PCR permits the identification of specific, amplified DNA fragments using analysis of their melting temperature (also called T value, from melting temperature). The method used is usually PCR with double-stranded DNA-binding dyes as reporters and the dye used is usually SYBR Green. The DNA melting temperature... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrochemical sensors can be used for label-free sensing of biomolecules. They detect changes and measure current between a probed metal electrode and an electrolyte containing the target analyte. A known potential to the electrode is then applied from a feedback current and the resulting current can be measured. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, a trigonal bipyramid formation is a molecular geometry with one atom at the center and 5 more atoms at the corners of a triangular bipyramid. This is one geometry for which the bond angles surrounding the central atom are not identical (see also pentagonal bipyramid), because there is no geometrical arran... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ICBM carries out fundamental and applied research in marine and environmental sciences. Interdisciplinary research will provide understanding of the various interactions of marine environmental systems.
The research focuses on marine biogeochemical cycles and energy fluxes, as well as on the functional role of mar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A multichannel analyzer uses a fast ADC to record incoming pulses and stores information about pulses in one of two ways: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dexketoprofen belongs to a class of medicines called NSAIDs. It works by blocking the action of a substance in the body called cyclo-oxygenase, which is involved in the production of chemicals in the body called prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are produced in response to injury or certain diseases and would otherwise go... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The functioning of a signal transduction pathway is based on extra-cellular signaling that in turn creates a response that causes other subsequent responses, hence creating a chain reaction, or cascade. During the course of signaling, the cell uses each response for accomplishing some kind of a purpose along the way. I... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Adam S. Veige is a professor of Chemistry at the University of Florida. His research focuses on catalysis and the usage of inorganic compounds, including tungsten and chromium complexes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Agmatine produces mild reductions in heart rate and blood pressure, apparently by activating both central and peripheral control systems via modulation of several of its molecular targets including: imidazoline receptors subtypes, norepinephrine release and NO production. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In July 2022, concerns were raised by Matthew Schrag, a Vanderbilt University neuroscientist, that certain images in the 2006 Nature paper were manipulated in the paper co-authored by Ashes postdoctoral Sylvain Lesné, whom she hired in 2002. These concerns were published in an article in Science authored by Charles Pil... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Fridge Gate method is a theoretical application of using a single logic gate to drive a refrigerator in the most energy efficient way possible without violating the laws of thermodynamics. It operates on the fact that there are two energy states in which a particle can exist: the ground state and the excited state.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although the exact route of vanillin biosynthesis in V. planifolia is currently unknown, several pathways are proposed for its biosynthesis. Vanillin biosynthesis is generally agreed to be part of the phenylpropanoid pathway starting with -phenylalanine, which is deaminated by phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) to form ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hexosaminidases (Hex) are important glycoside hydrolases for the generation of plant-specific paucimannosidic proteins across Plantae. HEXO1-HEXO3 have been reported to be key mediators of paucimannose expression in various plant species including Nicotiana benthamiana, A.thaliana and L. japonicus. Moreover, α1,3-fucos... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mitochondrial disorders may be caused by mutations (acquired or inherited), in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondrial dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.
Nuclear DNA ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
On 10 July 2020, the first full test of the system was successfully conducted. Amid fanfare, the Italian prime minister, Giuseppe Conte, activated the 78 mobile barriers. MOSE is expected to be fully functional by the end of 2025. It was used to actively combat threatened flooding on 3 October 2020. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Residential sound programs aim to decrease or eliminate the effects of exterior noise. The main focus of the residential sound program in existing structures is the windows and doors. Solid wood doors are a better sound barrier than hollow doors. Curtains can be used to dampen sound, either through use of heavy materia... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The I. I. Rabi Prize in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics is given by the American Physical Society to recognize outstanding work by mid-career researchers in the field of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. The award was endowed in 1989 in honor of the physicist I. I. Rabi and has been awarded biannually sinc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), formerly referred to as high-pressure liquid chromatography, is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify specific components in mixtures. The mixtures can originate from food, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, biological, environmental and agr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Development of the Beckman pH meter by Arnold Orville Beckman in 1935
*Research on cotton products, including the development of durable press and flame retardant cotton by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service's Southern Regional Research Center in the 1950s and 1960s
*Research on carbohydrate metabolism and establi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Transcriptomic analyses may be validated using an independent technique, for example, quantitative PCR (qPCR), which is recognisable and statistically assessable. Gene expression is measured against defined standards both for the gene of interest and control genes. The measurement by qPCR is similar to that obtained by... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hahn's intention was still to work in industry. He received an offer of employment from Eugen Fischer, the director of (and the father of organic chemist Hans Fischer), but a condition of employment was that Hahn had to have lived in another country and have a reasonable command of another language. With this in mind,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bhushan began his education in his native India, completing his undergraduate degree and his master's from the University of Jodhpur. He received his Ph.D. in chemistry (working on structure elucidation of natural products isolated from certain desert plants) in 1978 at the University of Jodhpur. Bhushan joined as lec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Flight can be roughly classified in six categories:
For comparison: the required speed for low Earth orbit is approximately 7.5 km/s = Mach 25.4 in air at high altitudes.
At transonic speeds, the flow field around the object includes both sub- and supersonic parts. The transonic period begins when first zones of M > 1 ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ACE-inhibitors like lisinopril are considered to be generally safe for people undergoing routine dental care, though the use of lisinopril prior to dental surgery is more controversial, with some dentists recommending discontinuation the morning of the procedure. People may present to dental care suspicious of an infec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tropical forests receive more insolation and rainfall over longer growing seasons than any other environment on earth. With these elevated temperatures, insolation and rainfall, biomass is extremely productive leading to the production of as much as 800 grams of carbon per square meter per year (8 tons of C/hectare/yea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In polymer chemistry, there are several mechanisms by which a polymerization reaction can terminate depending on the mechanism and circumstances of the reaction. A method of termination that applies to all polymer reactions is the depletion of monomer. In chain growth polymerization, two growing chains can collide head... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Al-Kindi was the first great theoretician of music in the Arab-Islamic world. He is known to have written fifteen treatises on music theory, but only five have survived. He added a fifth string to the 'ud. His works included discussions on the therapeutic value of music and what he regarded as "cosmological connections... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aces II (Advanced Concepts in Electronic Structure Theory) is an ab initio computational chemistry package for performing high-level quantum chemical ab initio calculations. Its major strength is the accurate calculation of atomic and molecular energies as well as properties using many-body techniques such as many-body... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jostels TSH index (TSHI or JTI), also referred to as Jostels thyrotropin index or Thyroid Function index (TFI), is a method for estimating the thyrotropic (i.e. thyroid stimulating) function of the anterior pituitary lobe in a quantitative way. The equation has been derived from the logarithmic standard model of thyroi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nuclear fission splits a heavy nucleus such as uranium or plutonium into two lighter nuclei, which are called fission products. Yield refers to the fraction of a fission product produced per fission.
Yield can be broken down by:
# Individual isotope
# Chemical element spanning several isotopes of different mass number ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* DMSO
* Ethylene glycol
* Glycerol
* 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD)
* Propylene glycol
* Sucrose
* Trehalose
*Heavy water [7] | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Quantification of RT-PCR products can largely be divided into two categories: end-point and real-time. The use of end-point RT-PCR is preferred for measuring gene expression changes in small number of samples, but the real-time RT-PCR has become the gold standard method for validating quantitative results obtained from... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Born in Eastleigh, Hampshire, he was educated at Denstone College and received his Bachelor of Science degree from Acton Technical College (London University External Regulations) in 1956 and his PhD from Imperial College of Science and Technology in 1959 for research carried out under the supervision of Geoffrey Wilki... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As α-cyano carbanions may be used in many of the same contexts as α-sulfonyl anions, reductive decyanation methods offer a viable alternative to reductive desulfonylation. Dissolving metal reductions are most useful for the decyanation of tertiary nitriles (primary and secondary nitriles give the corresponding amines i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Structural equivalences between atoms of a parent molecule reduce the number of positional isomers that can be obtained by replacing those atoms for a different element or group. Thus, for example, the structural equivalence between the six hydrogens of ethane means that there is just one structural isomer of ethano... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gene therapy may be classified into two types by the type of cell it affects: somatic cell and germline gene therapy.
In somatic cell gene therapy (SCGT), the therapeutic genes are transferred into any cell other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte, or undifferentiated stem cell. Any such modifications affect the indi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Artists and metalworkers often deliberately add patinas as a part of the original design and decoration of art and furniture, or to simulate antiquity in newly made objects. The process is often called distressing.
A wide range of chemicals, both household and commercial, can give a variety of patinas. They are often ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Transfer RNA or tRNA is the most abundantly modified type of RNA. Modifications in tRNA play crucial roles in maintaining translation efficiency through supporting structure, anticodon-codon interactions, and interactions with enzymes.
Anticodon modifications are important for proper decoding of mRNA. Since the genetic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The spontaneous redox reactions of a conventional battery produce electricity through the different reduction potentials of the cathode and anode in the electrolyte. However, electrolysis requires an external source of electrical energy to induce a chemical reaction, and this process takes place in a compartment called... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In inorganic chemistry, the trans effect is the increased lability of ligands that are trans to certain other ligands, which can thus be regarded as trans-directing ligands. It is attributed to electronic effects and it is most notable in square planar complexes, although it can also be observed for octahedral complexe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photovoltaics (PV) use silicon solar cells to convert the energy of sunlight into electricity. Operates under the photoelectric effect which results in the emission of electrons. Concentrated solar power (CSP) Uses lenses or mirrors and tracking devices to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Solar power i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mutations in the ALMS1 gene have been found to be causative for Alström syndrome with a total of 81 disease-causing mutations.
Multiple mutations are known: the current (2007) total is 79. These include both nonsense and frameshift mutations. Most of the mutations have been found in exons 8,10 and 16. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Substrate-like inhibitors (Figure 4) are more common than the non-substrate-likes. They bind either covalently or non-covalently and have a basic structure where the P1-substituent occupies the S1-pocket and the P2-substituent occupies the S2-pocket. Usually they contain a proline mimetic that occupies the S1-pocket. L... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Epoxy resins are typically cured by the use of additives, often called hardeners. Polyamines are often used. The amine groups ring-open the epoxide rings.
In rubber, the curing is also induced by the addition of a crosslinker. The resulting process is called sulfur vulcanization. Sulfur breaks down to form polysulfid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Animal models are used to learn more about a disease, its diagnosis and its treatment, with animal models predicting human toxicity in up to 71% of cases. The human equivalent dose (HED) or human equivalent concentration (HEC) is the quantity of a chemical that, when administered to humans, produces an effect equal to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2005, the water supply to the city of Harbin in China with a population of almost nine million people, was cut off because of a major benzene exposure. Benzene leaked into the Songhua River, which supplies drinking water to the city, after an explosion at a China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) factory in the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For hypervalent compounds in which the ligands are more electronegative than the central, hypervalent atom, resonance structures can be drawn with no more than four covalent electron pair bonds and completed with ionic bonds to obey the octet rule. For example, in phosphorus pentafluoride (PF), 5 resonance structures ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After his graduation, Arusi worked in the Sirte Oil Company in different management positions from September 1992 to June 1998. He was then detained in prison between 1998 and 2006. After being released, he held various executive management positions in many engineering companies, including the one in the United Kingdo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methane functionalization is the process of converting methane in its gaseous state to another molecule with a functional group, typically methanol or acetic acid, through the use of transition metal catalysts.
In the realm of carbon-hydrogen bond activation and functionalization (C-H activation/functionalization), man... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing protein 3 (i.e. CMTM3), also termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 3 (i.e. CKLFSF3), is a member of the CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (i.e. CMTM) of proteins. In humans, CMTM2 protein is encoded by the CMTM3 gene located in band 22.1 on the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Somatic fusion, also called protoplast fusion, is a type of genetic modification in plants by which two distinct species of plants are fused together to form a new hybrid plant with the characteristics of both, a somatic hybrid. Hybrids have been produced either between different varieties of the same species (e.g. bet... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One of the primary goals of CTD is to advance the understanding of the effects of environmental chemicals on human health on the genetic level, a field called toxicogenomics.
The etiology of many chronic diseases involves interactions between environmental factors and genes that modulate important physiological process... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After structural comparison with different species of Penicillium, Fleming initially believed that his specimen was Penicillium chrysogenum, a species described by an American microbiologist Charles Thom in 1910. He was fortunate that Charles John Patrick La Touche, an Irish botanist, had just recently joined St Marys ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Edwin Haslam (1932 – 3 October 2013) was an organic chemist and an author of books on polyphenols. He was an alumnus of Sir John Deane's College in Northwich, Cheshire, United Kingdom and was for many years Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of Sheffield.
Haslam proposed a first comprehensive definition o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a binary mixture the following functions are used:
with
Here, and are the dimensionless interaction parameters, which are related to the interaction energy parameters and by:
Here R is the gas constant and T the absolute temperature, and U is the energy between molecular surface i and j. U is the energy of eva... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ASTM International has an international standard for artificial seawater: ASTM D1141-98 (Original Standard ASTM D1141-52). It is used in many research testing labs as a reproducible solution for seawater such as tests on corrosion, oil contamination, and detergency evaluation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are currently very few ova banks in existence.
Generally, the main purpose of storing ova, at present, is to overcome infertility which may arise at a later age, or due to a disease. The ova are generally collected between 31 and 35 years of age.
The procedure of collecting ova may or may not include ovarian hype... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to the Big Bang theory, stable isotopes of the lightest three elements (H, He, and traces of Li) were produced very shortly after the emergence of the universe, in a process called Big Bang nucleosynthesis. These lightest stable nuclides (including deuterium) survive to today, but any radioactive isotopes of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Substitution of all 20 hydrogens by fluorine atoms yields the relatively unstable perfluorododecahedrane CF, which was obtained in milligram quantities. Trace amounts of the analogous perchlorododecahedrane CCl were obtained, among other partially chlorinated derivatives, by reacting dissolved in liquid chlorine und... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After Henderson died on November 16, 1983, the Colorado mountain property, including the underground home, was put up for sale for $1.5 million dollars. It was purchased for $1.17 million by the Sacred Mountain Ashram on June 9, 1988 from a mysterious reclusive millionaire who was "terrified...of being caught in a nucl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In some countries, ibuprofen lysine (the lysine salt of ibuprofen, sometimes called "ibuprofen lysinate") is licensed for treatment of the same conditions as ibuprofen; the lysine salt is used because it is more water-soluble.
Ibuprofen lysine is sold for rapid pain relief; given in the form of its lysine salt, absorpt... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Space disposal is attractive because it removes nuclear waste from the planet. It has significant disadvantages, such as the potential for catastrophic failure of a launch vehicle, which could spread radioactive material into the atmosphere and around the world. A high number of launches would be required because no in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In order to load a gas as a sample of pressure transmitting medium, the gas must be in a dense state, as to not shrink the sample chamber once pressure is induced. To achieve a dense state, gases can be liquefied at low temperatures or compressed. Cryogenic loading is a technique that uses liquefied gas as a means of f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In July 2016 Florida declared a state of emergency for four counties as a result of blooms. They were said to be "destroying" a number of businesses and affecting local economies, with many needing to shut down entirely. Some beaches were closed, and hotels and restaurants suffered a drop in business. Tourist sporting ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), an orphan drug is defined as one "intended for the treatment, prevention or diagnosis of a rare disease or condition, which is one that affects less than 200,000 persons in the US" (which equates to approximately 6 cases per 10,000 population) "or meets cost recov... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The copper-bronze metallurgy in the Harappan civilization was widespread and had a high variety and quality. The early use of iron may have developed from the practice of copper-smelting. While there is to date no proven evidence for smelted iron in the Indus Valley civilization, iron ore and iron items have been unear... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to electron diffraction, the and distances in ethylene sulfide are respectively 1.473 and 1.811 Å. The and angles are respectively 66.0 and 48.0°. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
TLC helps show the purity of a sample. A pure sample should only contain one spot by TLC. TLC is also useful for small-scale purification. Because the separated compounds will be on different areas of the plate, a scientist can scrape off the stationary phase particles containing the desired compound and dissolve them ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It has been shown that host cells regulate L1 retrotransposition activity, for example through epigenetic silencing.
For example, the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism of small interfering RNAs derived from L1 sequences can cause suppression of L1 retrotransposition.
In plant genomes, epigenetic modification of LINEs c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For pipe flows a so-called transit time method is applied where a radiotracer is injected as a pulse into the measured flow. The transit time is defined with the help of radiation detectors placed on the outside of the pipe. The volume flow is obtained by multiplying the measured average fluid flow velocity by the inne... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Decarburization (or decarbonization) is the process of decreasing carbon content, which is the opposite of carburization.
The term is typically used in metallurgy, describing the decrease of the content of carbon in metals (usually steel). Decarburization occurs when the metal is heated to temperatures of 700 °C or abo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ahrland, Chatt and Davies proposed that metal ions could be described as class A if they formed stronger complexes with ligands whose donor atoms are nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine than with ligands whose donor atoms are phosphorus, sulfur or chlorine and class B if the reverse is true. For example, Ni forms stronger com... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Ensembl: [http://www.ensembl.org/biomart/martview/4e6c01c28faed033db52d0d30e4c21ab]
*OmicTools: [https://omictools.com/mtd-3-tool]
*Transcriptome Browser: [http://tagc.univ-mrs.fr/tbrowser/]
*ArrayExpress: [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/] | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A total synthesis of enantiopure phorbol was developed in 2015. While this synthesis will not replace natural isolation products, it will enable researchers to create phorbol analogs for use in research, especially creating phorbol derivatives that can be evaluated for anti-cancer activity. Previously, the difficulty... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are a large number of other possible approximations to fluid dynamic problems. Some of the more commonly used are listed below.
* The Boussinesq approximation neglects variations in density except to calculate buoyancy forces. It is often used in free convection problems where density changes are small.
* Lubrica... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
During his lifetime, Lavoisier was awarded a gold medal by the King of France for his work on urban street lighting (1766), and was appointed to the French Academy of Sciences (1768). He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1775.
Lavoisiers work was recognized as an International Historic Ch... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Under 1.59 GPa pressure at 25 °C, methane converts to a cubic solid. The molecules are rotationally disordered. But over 5.25 GPa the molecules become locked into position and cannot spin. Other hydrocarbons under high pressure have hardly been studied. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
More complex rate laws have been described as being mixed order if they approximate to the laws for more than one order at different concentrations of the chemical species involved. For example, a rate law of the form represents concurrent first order and second order reactions (or more often concurrent pseudo-first o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plants are exposed to many stress factors such as disease, temperature changes, herbivory, injury and more. Therefore, in order to respond or be ready for any kind of physiological state, they need to develop some sort of system for their survival in the moment and/or for the future. Plant communication encompasses com... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There is no electron repulsion in a d complex, and the single electron resides in the t orbital ground state. A d octahedral metal complex, such as [Ti(HO)], shows a single absorption band in a UV-vis experiment. The term symbol for d is D, which splits into the T and E states. The t orbital set holds the single electr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2006, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences released the report of a study of molecular manufacturing as part of a longer report, A Matter of Size: Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative The study committee reviewed the technical content of Nanosystems, and in its conclusion states that no curren... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Perhaps surprisingly, the effect of temperature is often greater than the effect of UV exposure. This can be seen in terms of the Arrhenius equation, which shows that reaction rates have an exponential dependence on temperature. By comparison the dependence of degradation rate on UV exposure and the availability of oxy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In terms of course structure, M.Chem degrees have the same content that is usually seen in other degree programmes, i.e. lectures, laboratory work, coursework and exams each year. There are also usually one or more substantial projects undertaken in the fourth year, which may well have research elements. At the end of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
All viruses bind to their hosts and introduce their genetic material into the host cell as part of their replication cycle. This genetic material contains basic instructions of how to produce more copies of these viruses, hacking the bodys normal production machinery to serve the needs of the virus. The host cell will ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polymer degradation is a change in the properties—tensile strength, color, shape, or molecular weight—of a polymer or polymer-based product under the influence of one or more environmental factors, such as heat, light, and the presence of certain chemicals, oxygen, and enzymes. This change in properties is often the re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To a first approximation, an example of radiative exchange equilibrium is in the exchange of non-window wavelength thermal radiation between the land-and-sea surface and the lowest atmosphere, when there is a clear sky. As a first approximation (W. C. Swinbank 1963, G. W. Paltridge and C. M. R. Platt 1976, pages 139–14... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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