text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
In concert with the primary surface forces described above, there are several circumstantial effects in play. While the forces themselves each contribute to the magnitude of the adhesion between the surfaces, the following play a crucial role in the overall strength and reliability of an adhesive device. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bacterial anaerobic corrosion typically impacts metallic substrates but may also occur in concrete. Corrosion of concrete mediums leads to considerable losses in industrial settings. When considering the corrosion of concrete there is significant documentation of structural degradation in concrete wastewater infrastruc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CGL (congenital generalized lipodystrophy) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder characterized by almost complete loss of adipose tissue (both metabolic and mechanical adipose depots) and an increase of ectopic fat storage in liver and muscle. Of the four CGL types, BSCL2 (Berardinelli-Seip Congenital lipodystrophy type ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Enzymes can catalyze up to several million reactions per second. Enzyme rates depend on solution conditions and substrate concentration. Like other enzymes POLR2 has a saturation curve and a maximum velocity (V). It has a K (substrate concentration required for one-half V) and a k (the number of substrate molecules han... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It was the second stop codon mutation to be discovered. Reminiscent of the usual yellow-orange-brown color associated with amber, this second stop codon was given the name of "ochre", an orange-reddish-brown mineral pigment.
Ochre mutant viruses had a property similar to amber mutants in that they recovered infectious ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Urea-containing creams are used as topical dermatological products to promote rehydration of the skin. Urea 40% is indicated for psoriasis, xerosis, onychomycosis, ichthyosis, eczema, keratosis, keratoderma, corns, and calluses. If covered by an occlusive dressing, 40% urea preparations may also be used for nonsurgical... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Yoon was born in Montreal, Quebec and grew up in Blacksburg, VA. As an undergraduate at Harvard University, he became fascinated by organic chemistry working in the laboratories of leading experts in contemporary asymmetric synthesis. Specifically, Yoon first experienced research in David A. Evans's lab studying stereo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sometimes, special circuits are built for the purpose of sensing and controlling the temperature or voltage status. Devices such as thermistors, voltage-dependent resistors, thermostats and sensors such as infrared thermometers are used to modify the current upon different conditions such as circuit-temperature and inp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Georges Friedel (1904) "Étude sur les groupements cristallins", Extrait du Bulletin de la Société de lIndustrie minérale', Quatrième série, Tomes III e IV. Saint-Étienne, Société de l’Imprimerie Théolier J. Thomas et C., 485 pp.
* Georges Friedel (1920) "Contribution à létude géométrique des macles", Bulletin de la S... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In stereochemistry, mutarotation is the change in optical rotation of a chiral material in a solution due to a change in proportion of the two constituent anomers (i.e. the interconversion of their respective stereocenters) until equilibrium is reached. Cyclic sugars show mutarotation as α and β anomeric forms intercon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metal carbonyl hydrides are complexes of transition metals with carbon monoxide and hydride as ligands. These complexes are useful in organic synthesis as catalysts in homogeneous catalysis, such as hydroformylation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is used in a wide range of applications.
In the paint and coatings industry, it is a useful tool to investigate the quality of coatings and to detect the presence of corrosion.
It is used in many biosensor systems as a label-free technique to measure bacterial concentration and to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In some countries, such as the EU, smokestack measurements from individual power plants must be published. Meanwhile, in some countries, such as Turkey, they are only reported to the government, not the public. However, since the late 2010s satellite measurements of some pollutants have been available. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Also, alkaline lysis is sometimes used to extract plant genetic material. The plant cells are subjected to a strongly alkaline solution containing a detergent (usually a zwitterionic or nonionic detergent such as Tween 20), and the mixture is incubated at high temperature. This method is not used as often due to the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Yuri Berlin received his master's degree in Physics from the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute in 1968, studying luminescence of aromatic molecules dissolved in organic liquids. During the period 1968-1974, Berlin worked as a research fellow at the Institute of Chemical Physics, the USSR Academy of Science, and in 1... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This clock reaction uses sodium, potassium or ammonium persulfate to oxidize iodide ions to iodine. Sodium thiosulfate is used to reduce iodine back to iodide before the iodine can complex with the starch to form the characteristic blue-black color.
Iodine is generated:
And is then removed:
Once all the thiosulfate is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Propanephosphonic acid anhydride (PPAA, T3P) is an anhydride of propanephosphonic acid. Its structure is a cyclic trimer, with a phosphorus–oxygen core and propyl groups and additional oxygens attached. The chemical is a useful reagent for peptide synthesis reactions, where it activates the carboxylic acid partner for... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pelletizing is done in a pellet mill, where feed is normally conditioned and thermal-treated in the fitted conditioners of a pellet mill. The feed is then pushed through the holes and exit the pellet mill as pelleted feed. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Negishi died in Indianapolis, Indiana, on June 6, 2021. He was 85 years old. No funeral services took place in the United States, but his family planned to lay him to rest in Japan in 2022. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Avogadros law (sometimes referred to as Avogadros hypothesis or Avogadros principle) or Avogadro-Ampères hypothesis is an experimental gas law relating the volume of a gas to the amount of substance of gas present. The law is a specific case of the ideal gas law. A modern statement is:
The law is named after Amedeo A... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The flux of the entire pathway is regulated by the rate-determining steps. These are the slowest steps in a network of reactions. The rate-limiting step occurs near the beginning of the pathway and is regulated by feedback inhibition, which ultimately controls the overall rate of the pathway. The metabolic pathway in t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In Complex I (NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase, Type I NADH dehydrogenase, or mitochondrial complex I; ), two electrons are removed from NADH and transferred to a lipid-soluble carrier, ubiquinone (Q). The reduced product, ubiquinol (QH), freely diffuses within the membrane, and Complex I translocates four protons (H) ac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Potential application as long-lasting dyes is based on the enhanced stability of the inner portion of the dumbbell-shaped molecule. Studies with cyclodextrin-protected rotaxane azo dyes established this characteristic. More reactive squaraine dyes have also been shown to have enhanced stability by preventing nucleophil... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Edward Mills Purcell (August 30, 1912 – March 7, 1997) was an American physicist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics for his independent discovery (published 1946) of nuclear magnetic resonance in liquids and in solids. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has become widely used to study the molecular structure o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Brown was born in 1934 in The Bronx, New York. According to Brown, when she was young, she contracted tuberculosis, and was treated by Arthur Logan. Logan was a young African-American in his intern year of residency, and lived in Browns building. Browns later inspiration to study science came from asking Logan how one... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nikolai Timofeevich Beliaev or Nicholas Timothy Belaiew (26 June 1878 – 5 November 1955) was a Russian metallurgist. He was famous for his studies on Damascus steel and the idea of crystallization in metals and the production of Widmanstatten structures. He also wrote on the history of steel making.
Beliaev was born i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Concentration polarization is a term used in the scientific fields of electrochemistry and membrane science. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gray molasses is a method of sub-Doppler laser cooling of atoms. It employs principles from Sisyphus cooling in conjunction with a so-called "dark" state whose transition to the excited state is not addressed by the resonant lasers. Ultracold atomic physics experiments on atomic species with poorly-resolved hyperfine s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Maintaining the water seal is critical to trap operation; traps might dry out, and poor venting can suction or blow water out of the traps. This is usually avoided by venting the drain pipes downstream of the trap; by being vented to the atmosphere outside the building, the drain lines never operate at a pressure much ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phytoreoviruses are non-turreted reoviruses that are major agricultural pathogens, particularly in Asia. One member of this family, Rice Dwarf Virus (RDV), has been extensively studied by electron cryomicroscopy and x-ray crystallography. From these analyses, atomic models of the capsid proteins and a plausible model ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Kapitza number (Ka) is a dimensionless number named after the prominent Russian physicist Pyotr Kapitsa (Peter Kapitza). He provided the first extensive study of the ways in which a thin film of liquid flows down inclined surfaces. Expressed as the ratio of surface tension forces to inertial forces, the Kapitza num... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Two single MYB transcription factors, CCA1 and LHY, activate expression of PRR7 and PRR9. In turn, PRR7 and PRR9 repress CCA1 and LHY through the binding of their promoters. This interaction forms the morning loop of the repressilator of the biological clock in A. thaliana. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrates th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Temporary hardness is caused by the presence of dissolved bicarbonate minerals (calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate). When dissolved, these types of minerals yield calcium and magnesium cations (Ca, Mg) and carbonate and bicarbonate anions ( and ). The presence of the metal cations makes the water hard. Howev... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hemoglobin concentration measurement is among the most commonly performed blood tests, usually as part of a complete blood count. For example, it is typically tested before or after blood donation. Results are reported in g/L, g/dL or mol/L. 1 g/dL equals about 0.6206 mmol/L, although the latter units are not used as o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Reaction stoichiometry: In batch production this is defined by the concentration of chemical reagents and their volumetric ratio. In flow this is defined by the concentration of reagents and the ratio of their flow rate.
*Residence time: In batch production this is determined by how long a vessel is held at a given te... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aging-related preventive interventions are not possible without personal aging speed measurement. The most up to date and complex way to measure aging rate is by using varying biomarkers of human aging is based on the utilization of deep neural networks which may be trained on any type of omics biological data to predi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The chemical shift index or CSI is a widely employed technique in protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that can be used to display and identify the location (i.e. start and end) as well as the type of protein secondary structure (beta strands, helices and random coil regions) found in proteins using only bac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrocyanation is important due to the versatility of alkyl nitriles (RCN), which are important intermediates for the syntheses of amides, amines, carboxylic acids and esters.
Naproxen, an anti-inflammatory drug, is prepared via an asymmetric hydrocyanation of a vinylnaphthalene utilizing a phosphinite () ligand, L . ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dry granulation processes create granules by light compaction of the powder blend under low pressures. The compacts so-formed are broken up gently to produce granules (agglomerates). This process is often used when the product to be granulated is sensitive to moisture and heat. Dry granulation can be conducted on a tab... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Histamine has important roles in human physiology as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter. As a hormone, it is involved in the inflammatory response and itching. It regulates physiological functions in the gut and acts on the brain, spinal cord, and uterus. As a neurotransmitter, histamine promotes arousal and regulat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Clarice Phelps was raised in the American state of Tennessee. Her interest in chemistry began during her childhood when she was given a microscope and encyclopedia-based science kit by her mother. Her interest was further nurtured by her secondary school science teachers. She is an alumna of the Tennessee Aquatic Proje... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Using antibody microarray in different medical diagnostic areas has attracted researchers attention. Digital bioassay is an example of such research domains. In this technology, an array of microwells on a glass/polymer chip are seeded with magnetic beads (coated with fluorescent tagged antibodies), subjected to target... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rain is generally mildly acidic, with a pH between 5.2 and 5.8 if not having any acid stronger than carbon dioxide. If high amounts of nitrogen and sulfur oxides are present in the air, they too will dissolve into the cloud and raindrops, producing acid rain. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermocouples are suitable for measuring over a large temperature range, from −270 up to 3000 °C (for a short time, in inert atmosphere). Applications include temperature measurement for kilns, gas turbine exhaust, diesel engines, other industrial processes and fog machines. They are less suitable for applications wher... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following advantages have been reported for the BBOC:
* very high oxygen efficiency – the injection of oxygen directly into the reaction zone within the furnace results in much greater oxygen efficiency (close to 100%) than with reverberatory furnaces (8% for the Niihama furnace) or top-blown rotary converters (abo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The species used in Germany to measure saprobic water quality tend to group around s = 2, while other countries like Austria and the Czech Republic use a more diverse list of organisms. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Small molecule drugs, compounds typically <1 kD in mass, comprise a large portion of the therapeutic market. These drugs usually operate by agonizing or antagonizing the active site on a disease-linked protein of interest, though allosteric regulation is possible. With an estimated 93% of the human proteome lacking dru... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mikhail Tsvet invented chromatography in 1900 during his research on plant pigments. He used liquid-adsorption column chromatography with calcium carbonate as adsorbent and petrol ether/ethanol mixtures as eluent to separate chlorophylls and carotenoids. The method was described on 30 December 1901 at the XI Congress o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A semi sacrificial coating known as a safety shield acts as a penetrating sealer on the wall or surface protecting the surface pores. If the surface is vandalized the coating can be partially removed using a combination of graffiti removal solvent and high-pressure washer. The anti graffiti safety shield is generally ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The 3′-UTR often contains microRNA response elements (MREs), which are sequences to which miRNAs bind. miRNAs are short, non-coding RNA molecules capable of binding to mRNA transcripts and regulating their expression. One miRNA mechanism involves partial base pairing of the 5' seed sequence of an miRNA to an MRE within... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sala married three times; first to Maria Ennan, who gave birth to a sole child, daughter Maria, who on 5 January 1608 was baptized in Winterthur. She later married the Oldenburg physician Anton Günther Billich, who was friends with Sala. However they divorced in 1634, Sala's granddaughter Marie Sophie was never recogni... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sameh Fahmi (born 14 August 1949) is an Egyptian engineer and politician who served as oil minister of Egypt for 12 years from 1999 to 2011. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Royal Society of Western Australia, University Medal for outstanding student in natural and earth sciences (2003)
* Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Best Platform Presentation by a student (2008)
* FNR ATTRACT Fellowship for the development of new methods to identify unknown chemicals (2018)
*The An... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Deuterium HCL or even hydrogen HCL and deuterium discharge lamps are used in LS AAS for background correction purposes. The radiation intensity emitted by these lamps decreases significantly with increasing wavelength, so that they can be only used in the wavelength range between 190 and about 320 nm. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An emerging body of work highlights the application potential for clumped isotopes to reconstruct temperature and fluid properties in hydrothermal ore deposits. In mineral exploration, delineation of the heat footprint around an ore body provides critical insight into the processes that drive transport and deposition o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
K. C. Nicolaou and coworkers at Scripps Research Institute generated the chiral hydrazone through Enders hydrazone alkylation reaction with high stereoselectivity (de' > 95%). The subsequent ozonolysis and Wittig reaction led to the side chain fragment of zaragozic acid A, which is a potent medicine for coronary heart ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rotating their carbon–carbon bonds, the molecules ethane and propane have three local energy minima. They are structurally and energetically equivalent, and are called the staggered conformers. For each molecule, the three substituents emanating from each carbon–carbon bond are staggered, with each H–C–C–H dihedral a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The camera, attached to a long chord, is fed through an access point on the property. It is then maneuvered through the pipes to the point of damage of obstruction. The captured footage is sent directly to a screen, giving the plumber a live view of the affected area. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
High-throughput screening (HTS) is a method for scientific discovery especially used in drug discovery and relevant to the fields of biology, materials science and chemistry. Using robotics, data processing/control software, liquid handling devices, and sensitive detectors, high-throughput screening allows a researcher... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Intermediate band photovoltaics in solar cell research provides methods for exceeding the Shockley–Queisser limit on the efficiency of a cell. It introduces an intermediate band (IB) energy level in between the valence and conduction bands. Theoretically, introducing an IB allows two photons with energy less than the b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Supplementation with vitamin D is a reliable method for preventing or treating rickets. On the other hand, the effects of vitamin D supplementation on non-skeletal health are uncertain. A review did not find any effect from supplementation on the rates of non-skeletal disease, other than a tentative decrease in mortali... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering is helmed by the editor or the co-editors. The editor is assisted by the editorial committee, which includes associate editors, regular members, and occasionally guest editors. Guest members participate at the invitation of the editor, and serve terms of one ye... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. The generated protein is a sequence of amino acids. This sequence is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA. The nucleotides are considered three at a time. Each such triple results in a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chartered Chemist (CChem) is a chartered status awarded by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in the United Kingdom, the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI) in Australia, by the Ministry of Education in Italy, the Institute of Chemistry Ceylon (IChemC), Sri Lanka, and the Institute of Chartered Chemists of Nig... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most VOCs in Earth's atmosphere are biogenic, largely emitted by plants.
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) encompass VOCs emitted by plants, animals, or microorganisms, and while extremely diverse, are most commonly terpenoids, alcohols, and carbonyls (methane and carbon monoxide are generally not considered)... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NMR spectroscopic research includes the following steps:
*Extraction of carbohydrate material (for natural glycans)
*Chemical removal of moieties masking regularity (for polymers)
*Separation and purification of carbohydrate material (for 2D NMR experiments, 10 mg or more is recommended)
*Sample preparation (usually in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When laser cooling of atoms was first proposed in 1975, the only cooling mechanism considered was Doppler cooling. As such the limit on the temperature was predicted to be the Doppler limit:
Here k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature of the atoms, and Γ is the inverse of the excited state's radiative lifeti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The VAR process is used on many different materials. Certain applications almost always use a material that has been VAR treated. A list of materials that may be VAR treated include:
*Stainless Steel
*Alloy Steel
**4340 & 4330+V
**300M
**AF1410
**Aermet 100
**M50
**BG42
**Nitralloy
**16NCD13
**35NCD16
**HY-100
**HY-180... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The electrical and thermal conductivity and magnetic property of metals enhance the electrical conductivity and antibacterial property of nanocomposite hydrogels when incorporated. The electrical conducting property is necessary for the hydrogels to start forming functional tissues and be used as imaging agents, drug d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Division of Community Health Investigations manages an office in Washington, D.C., as well as offices in each of the 10 EPA regions:
:* Boston (Region 1: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont)
:* New York and Edison, New Jersey (Region 2: New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, U.S. Vir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Land animals, including livestock and pets have been affected. Dogs have died from the toxins after swimming in algal blooms. Warnings have come from government agencies in the state of Ohio, which noted that many dogs and livestock deaths resulted from HAB exposure in the U.S. and other countries. They also noted in a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Prof. David Baker, a protein research scientist at the University of Washington, founded the Foldit project. Seth Cooper was the lead game designer. Before starting the project, Baker and his laboratory coworkers relied on another research project named Rosetta to predict the native structures of various proteins using... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Type J (iron–constantan) has a more restricted range (−40 °C to +750 °C) than type K but higher sensitivity of about 50 μV/°C. The Curie point of the iron (770 °C) causes a smooth change in the characteristic, which determines the upper temperature limit. Note, the European/German Type L is a variant of the type J, wit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Silicon-germanium (SiGe) thermoelectrics have been used for converting heat into electrical power in spacecraft designed for deep-space NASA missions since 1976. This material is used in the radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) that power Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Galileo, Ulysses, Cassini, and New Horizons spacec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Abnormal or discontinuous grain growth, also referred to as exaggerated or secondary recrystallisation grain growth, is a grain growth phenomenon in which certain energetically favorable grains (crystallites) grow rapidly in a matrix of finer grains, resulting in a bimodal grain-size distribution.
In ceramic materials,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is synthesised by the deprotonation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine with n-butyllithium at −78 °C. Recent reports show that this reaction can also be performed 0 °C. The compound is stable in a THF/ethylbenzene solvent mixture and is commercially available as such. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The only first-principles calculational tool currently available is lattice QCD, i.e. brute-force computer calculations. Because of a technical obstacle known as the fermion sign problem, this method can only be used at low density and high temperature (μ < T), and it predicts that the crossover to the quark–gluon plas... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As coal is mostly carbon, burning it produces a lot of carbon dioxide. The IEA said in 2022 that ‘achieving a swift reduction in global coal emissions is the central challenge for reaching international climate targets’.
Carbon sequestration technology, to remove significant quantities of carbon dioxide from the air, h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Early in her career, Soderholm focused on the characterizing the magnetic and electronic behavior of compounds containing f-ions (lanthanides and actinides) with a focus on high-T materials, compounds that are superconducting under usually high temperatures. She was part of the research group that first determined the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A glycosidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of a glycosidic linkage to produce two smaller sugars. This process has important implications in the utilization of stored energy, like glycogen in animals, as well as in the breakdown of cellulose by organisms that feed on plants. In general, aspartic or glutami... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electrons can be scattered by other charged particles through the electrostatic Coulomb forces. Furthermore, if a magnetic field is present, a traveling electron will be deflected by the Lorentz force. An extremely accurate description of all electron scattering, including quantum and relativistic aspects, is given by ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pure organochlorides like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) do not absorb any light above 220 nm. The initiation of photo-oxidation is instead caused by various irregularities in the polymer chain, such as structural defects as well as hydroperoxides, carbonyl groups, and double bonds.
Hydroperoxides formed during processing a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tar is a dark brown or black viscous liquid of hydrocarbons and free carbon, obtained from a wide variety of organic materials through destructive distillation. Tar can be produced from coal, wood, petroleum, or peat.
Mineral products resembling tar can be produced from fossil hydrocarbons, such as petroleum. Coal tar ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sendai virus (family Paramyxoviridae) has a linear, single stranded, negative-sense, nonsegmented RNA genome. The viral RdRp consists of two virus-encoded subunits, a smaller one P and a larger one L. When different inactive RdRp mutants with defects throughout the length of the L subunit where tested in pairwise c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The PUREX process is a liquid–liquid extraction ion-exchange method used to reprocess spent nuclear fuel, in order to extract primarily uranium and plutonium, independent of each other, from the other constituents. The current method of choice is to use the PUREX liquid–liquid extraction process which uses a tributyl p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MFGM bioactive protein components, including the glycoproteins lactadherin, MUC-1, and butyrophilin, have been shown in preclinical studies to affect immune response. These components influence the immune system by several mechanisms, including interference with microbe adhesion to intestinal epithelia, bacteriocidal a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The CD V-700 (often written as "CDV-700") is a Geiger counter employing a probe equipped with a Geiger–Müller tube, manufactured by several companies under contract to United States federal civil defense agencies in the 1950s and 1960s. While all models adhere to a similar size, shape, coloring and form-factor, there w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Duplex sequencing is a library preparation and analysis method for next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms that employs random tagging of double-stranded DNA to detect mutations with higher accuracy and lower error rates.
This method uses degenerate molecular tags in addition to sequencing adapters to recognize read... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chlorarachniophytes are a rare group of organisms that also contain chloroplasts derived from green algae, though their story is more complicated than that of the euglenophytes. The ancestor of chlorarachniophytes is thought to have been a eukaryote with a red algal derived chloroplast. It is then thought to have lost... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DMDO is not commercially available because of its instability. DMDO can be prepared as dilute solutions (~0.1 M) by treatment of acetone with potassium peroxymonosulfate , usually in the form of Oxone (2KHSO·KHSO·KSO).
The preparation of DMDO is rather inefficient (typical yields < 3%) and typically only yields a relat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phytoecdysteroids are plant-derived ecdysteroids. Phytoecdysteroids are a class of chemicals that plants synthesize for defense against phytophagous (plant eating) insects. These compounds are mimics of hormones used by arthropods in the molting process known as ecdysis. When insects eat the plants with these chemical... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
All SOCS have certain structures in common. This includes a varying N-terminal domain involved in protein-protein interactions, a central SH2 domain, which can bind to molecules that have been phosphorylated by tyrosine kinases, and a SOCS box located at the C-terminal that enables recruitment of E3 ligases and ubiquit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Scientists use this beam of charged particles to determine the elemental composition of solid materials (minerals, glasses, metals). The chemical composition of the target can be found from the elemental data extracted through emitted X-rays (in the case where the primary beam consists of charged electrons) or measurem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Curie visited Poland for the last time in early 1934. A few months later, on 4 July 1934, she died aged 66 at the Sancellemoz sanatorium in Passy, Haute-Savoie, from aplastic anemia believed to have been contracted from her long-term exposure to radiation, causing damage to her bone marrow.
The damaging effects of ioni... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Time resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) is an experimental technique used to evaluate the electronic properties of semiconductors. Specifically, it is used to evaluate a proxy for charge carrier mobility and a representative carrier lifetime from light-induced changes in conductance. The technique works by photo-ge... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The earliest measurements combining AFM with infrared spectroscopy were performed in 1999 by Hammiche et al. at the University of Lancaster in the United Kingdom, in an EPSRC-funded project led by M Reading and H M Pollock. Separately, Anderson at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the United States made a related measur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acid secretion by the human stomach results in a median diurnal pH of 1.4. This very large (>10-fold) H gradient is generated by the gastric H/K ATPase which is an ATP-driven proton pump. Hydrolysis of one ATP molecule is used to catalyse the electroneutral exchange of two luminal potassium ions for two cytoplasmic pro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Injury in plants is damage caused by other organisms or by the non-living (abiotic) environment to plants. Animals that commonly cause injury to plants include insects, mites, nematodes, and herbivorous mammals; damage may also be caused by plant pathogens including fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Abiotic factors that ca... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The sampler can be deployed in the field for extended periods of time ranging from days to weeks. The specific pollutants of interest are sequestered by the samplers and these are retained on the receiving phase disk. After retrieval from the environment the pollutants are eluted from the disk and analysed in the labor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
These polymers are commercially used in optical films, lenses, touch screens, light guide panels, reflection films, and other components for mobile devices, displays, cameras, copiers and other optical assemblies. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.