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The structures that soap films make can not just be enclosed as spheres, but virtually any shape, for example in wire frames. Therefore, many different minimal surfaces can be designed. It is actually sometimes easier to physically make them than to compute them by mathematical modelling. This is why the soap films can... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rather than directly measuring concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, OCO-2 records how much of the sunlight reflected off the Earth is absorbed by molecules in an air column. OCO-2 makes measurements in three different spectral bands over four to eight different footprints of approximately each. About 2... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The biological pump (or ocean carbon biological pump or marine biological carbon pump) is the ocean's biologically driven sequestration of carbon from the atmosphere and land runoff to the ocean interior and seafloor sediments. In other words, it is a biologically mediated process which results in the sequestering of c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Levetiracetam is a Schedule 4 substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard (February 2020). A Schedule 4 substance is classified as "Prescription Only Medicine, or Prescription Animal Remedy – Substances, the use or supply of which should be by or on the order of persons permitted by State or Territory legislation... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) coalition forms, involving EURATOM, Japan, the Soviet Union and United States and kicks off the conceptual design process. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction (abbreviated AGPC) is a liquid–liquid extraction technique in biochemistry. It is widely used in molecular biology for isolating RNA (as well as DNA and protein in some cases). This method may take longer than a column-based system such as the silica-based purif... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Heparin was discovered by Jay McLean and William Henry Howell in 1916, it was first isolated from a canine liver, which in Greek translates to hepar. Heparin targets multiple factors in the blood coagulation cascade, one of them being FXa. At first, it had many side effects but for the next twenty years, investigator... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Due to the high activity of the enzyme, expression of untethered Dam results in methylation of all regions of accessible chromatin. This approach can be used as an alternative to ATAC-seq or DNAse-seq. When combined with cell-type specific DamID methods, expression of untethered Dam can be used to identify cell-type sp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, the von Baeyer nomenclature is a system for describing polycyclic (i.e. multi-ringed) hydrocarbons. The system was originally developed in 1900 by German chemist Adolf von Baeyer for bicyclic systems and in 1913 expanded by Eduard Buchner and Wilhelm Weigand for tricyclic systems. The system has b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kristi Lynn Kiick is the Blue and Gold Distinguished Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Delaware. She studies polymers, biomaterials and hydrogels for drug delivery and regenerative medicine. She is a Fellow of the American Chemical Society, the American Institute for Medical and Biolog... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* When solute particles associate in solution, is less than 1. For example, carboxylic acids such as acetic acid (ethanoic acid) or benzoic acid form dimers in benzene, so that the number of solute particles is half the number of acid molecules.
* When solute particles dissociate in solution, is greater than 1 (e.g. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Albidiferax (Betaproteobacteria)
* Shewanella (Gammaproteobacteria)
* Geobacter (Deltaproteobacteria)
* Geothrix fermentans (Acidobacteria)
* Deferribacter (Deferribacteres)
* Thermoanaerobacter (Firmicutes) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This refrigeration method cools a contained area by melting ice, or by sublimating dry ice. Perhaps the simplest example of this is a portable cooler, where items are put in it, then ice is poured over the top. Regular ice can maintain temperatures near, but not below the freezing point, unless salt is used to cool the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photoinhibition can also be induced with short flashes of light using either a pulsed laser or a xenon flash lamp. When very short flashes are used, the photoinhibitory efficiency of the flashes depends on the time difference between the flashes. This dependence has been interpreted to indicate that the flashes cause p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carboxylic acids tend to have higher boiling points than water, because of their greater surface areas and their tendency to form stabilized dimers through hydrogen bonds. For boiling to occur, either the dimer bonds must be broken or the entire dimer arrangement must be vaporized, increasing the enthalpy of vaporizati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Singlet oxygen luminesces concomitant with its decay to the triplet ground state. This phenomenon was first observed in the thermal degradation of the endo peroxide of rubrene. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Clinker is a generic name given to waste from industrial processes, particularly those that involve smelting metals, welding, burning fossil fuels and use of a blacksmith's forge, which commonly causes a large buildup of clinker around the tuyere. Clinker often forms a loose, dark deposit consisting of waste materials ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermal hydrolysis is a process used for treating industrial waste, municipal solid waste and sewage sludge. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The major industrial synthesis involves the reaction of sulfur trioxide and sulfur dichloride: This synthesis can be adapted to the laboratory by heating oleum to slowly distill the sulfur trioxide into a cooled flask of sulfur dichloride.
Other methods include syntheses from:
*Phosphorus pentachloride:
*Chlorine and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1999, Smith and his co-workers reported the first gram-scale synthesis of (+)-discodermolide, which make the development of (+)-discodermolide as a potential chemotherapeutic agent possible. This synthetic route was licensed to Novartis Pharmaceuticals. One of the major improvements was that no purification was requ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The number of molecules capable of eliciting chemotactic responses is relatively high, and we can distinguish primary and secondary chemotactic molecules. The main groups of the primary ligands are as follows:
* Formyl peptides are di-, tri-, tetrapeptides of bacterial origin, formylated on the N-terminus of the peptid... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Auto Ejection Melt Spinning (AEMS) describes a type of melt spinning where ejection of the melt occurs as soon as it has liquefied, eliminating the need for a technician to manually control the flow rate, temperature, and/or release timing of the melt stream.
This modification allows for a much higher ribbon consisten... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase or succinate-CoQ reductase; ) additional electrons are delivered into the quinone pool (Q) originating from succinate and transferred (via flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) to Q. Complex II consists of four protein subunits: succinate dehydrogenase (SDHA); succinate dehydrogenase... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is used to determine the ability of an organism to produce mixed acids by fermentation of glucose and to overcome the buffering capacity of the medium. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, decomplexation refers to the removal of a ligand from a coordination complex. Decomplexation is of particular interest when the ligand has been synthesized within the coordination sphere of the metal, as is often the case in organometallic chemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several different morphologies of the block copolymer used to create the polymersome have been used. The most frequently used are the linear diblock or triblock copolymers. In these cases, the block copolymer has one block that is hydrophobic; the other block or blocks are hydrophilic. Other morphologies used include c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Odum et al. viewed the maximum power theorem as a principle of power-efficiency reciprocity selection with wider application than just electronics. For example, Odum saw it in open systems operating on solar energy, like both photovoltaics and photosynthesis (1963, p. 438). Like the maximum power theorem, Odums stateme... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cantilever sensor is made out of single crystal SOI-silicon with a specially developed dry-etching process that leads to a highly stable and robust component; this is why the sensor is practically totally immune to temperature and humidity variations. In addition, the sensor does not suffer from wearing. The sensor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Water treatment plants have evolved their technology over the years to tackle health threats due to water contamination eg cholera, typhoid, and dysentery. Treatment plants began to implement chlorination. Chlorination virtually wiped out both the spread and initial contamination of these diseases, and did so in a way ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Commercial nuclear fission reactors are operated in the otherwise self-extinguishing prompt subcritical state. Certain fission products decay over seconds to minutes, producing additional delayed neutrons crucial to sustaining criticality. An example is bromine-87 with a half-life of about a minute. Operating in this ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In some cases proteins are attracted to surfaces by an excessive surface charge. When a surface in a fluid has a net charge, ions in the fluid will adsorb to the surface. Proteins also have charged surfaces due to charge amino acid residues on the surface of the protein. The surface and the protein are then attracted... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Drospirenone, also known as 1,2-dihydrospirorenone or as 17β-hydroxy-6β,7β:15β,16β-dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, γ-lactone, is a synthetic steroidal 17α-spirolactone, or more simply a spirolactone. It is an analogue of other spirolactones like spironolactone, canrenone, and spirorenone. Drospire... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The categories comprise:
* Slag-based geopolymer cement;
* Rock-based geopolymer cement;
* Fly ash-based geopolymer cement:
** type 1: alkali-activated fly ash geopolymer,
** type 2: slag/fly ash-based geopolymer cement.
* Ferro-sialate-based geopolymer cement.
The first geopolymer cement developed in the 1980s was of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
P1 artificial chromosomes (PACs) have features of both P1 vectors and Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs). Similar to P1 vectors, they contain a plasmid and a lytic replicon as described above. Unlike P1 vectors, they do not need to be packaged into bacteriophage particles for transduction. Instead they are introdu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The calcite compensation depth (CCD) occurs at the depth that the rate of calcite to the sediments is balanced with the dissolution flux, the depth at which the CaCO content are values 2–10%. Hence, the lysocline and CCD are not equivalent. The lysocline and compensation depth occur at greater depths in the Atlantic (... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Volume percent is the concentration of a certain solute, measured by volume, in a solution. It has as a denominator the volume of the mixture itself, as usual for expressions of concentration, rather than the total of all the individual components’ volumes prior to mixing:
Volume percent is usually used when the soluti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1987 Gelbart was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society "for his many contributions to the light scattering and phase transition properties of simple fluids, liquid crystals, and surfactant solutions". He received the 1991 Lennard-Jones Prize of the British Royal Society of Chemistry, a 1998 Guggenheim Fe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz voltage equation, sometimes called the Goldman equation, is used in cell membrane physiology to determine the Resting potential across a cell's membrane, taking into account all of the ions that are permeant through that membrane.
The discoverers of this are David E. Goldman of Columbia Univers... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A more commonly used parameter is the half-life . Given a sample of a particular radionuclide, the half-life is the time taken for half the radionuclide's atoms to decay. For the case of one-decay nuclear reactions:
the half-life is related to the decay constant as follows: set and = to obtain
This relationship betw... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While small-scale columns range from inner diameters of 0.5 cm and withstand pressures of up to 130 MPa, industrial large scale columns reach diameters of up to 2 m and operate at considerable lower pressures (below 1 MPa). While it is favorable to view the packed bed of a column large scale columns are manufactured fr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acoustic droplet ejection uses a pulse of ultrasound to move low volumes of fluids (typically nanoliters or picoliters) without any physical contact. This technology focuses acoustic energy into a fluid sample to eject droplets as small as a millionth of a millionth of a litre (picoliter = 10 litre). ADE technology is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Complex metal hydrides are salts wherein the anions contain hydrides. In older chemical literature and even in contemporary materials science textbooks, a "metal hydride" is assumed to be nonmolecular, i.e. three-dimensional lattices of atomic ions. In such systems, hydrides are often interstitial and nonstoichiometr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This method was developed by German physicist Johann Wilhelm Hittorf in 1853., and is based on observations of the changes in concentration of an electrolyte solution in the vicinity of the electrodes. In the Hittorf method, electrolysis is carried out in a cell with three compartments: anode, central, and cathode. Mea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ketene is produced on a commercial scale by thermal dehydration of acetic acid. Substituted ketenes can be prepared from acyl chlorides by an elimination reaction in which HCl is lost:
In this reaction, a base, usually triethylamine, removes the acidic proton alpha to the carbonyl group, inducing the formation of the c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since gases fill the entirety of the container which they occupy, the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient at constant pressure, , is the only one of interest.
For an ideal gas, a formula can be readily obtained by differentiation of the ideal gas law, . This yields
where is the pressure, is the molar volume (, w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In meteorology and physical oceanography, advection often refers to the horizontal transport of some property of the atmosphere or ocean, such as heat, humidity or salinity, and convection generally refers to vertical transport (vertical advection). Advection is important for the formation of orographic clouds (terrain... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mycotoxin phomoxanthone B, or PXB for short, is a toxic natural product. It is a less toxic isomer of phomoxanthone A and one of the two founding members of the class of phomoxanthone compounds. The phomoxanthones are named after the fungus Phomopsis, from which they were first isolated, and after their xanthonoid ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1808, English physicist John Dalton (1766–1844) assimilated the known experimental work of many people to summarize the empirical evidence on the composition of matter. He noticed that distilled water everywhere analyzed to the same elements, hydrogen and oxygen. Similarly, other purified substances decomposed to th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Apothecary () is an archaic English term for a medical professional who formulates and dispenses materia medica (medicine) to physicians, surgeons and patients. The modern terms pharmacist and chemist (British English) have taken over this role.
In some languages and regions, "apothecary" is not archaic and has beco... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cyanobacteria contain both PSI and PSII. Their light-harvesting system is different from that found in plants (they use phycobilins, rather than chlorophylls, as antenna pigments), but their electron transport chain
→ PSII → plastoquinol → bf → cytochrome c → PSI → ferredoxin → NADPH
... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In biocatalysis, many reactions are sought that are absent in nature. To do this, enzymes with a small promiscuous activity towards the required reaction are identified and evolved via directed evolution or rational design.
An example of a commonly evolved enzyme is ω-transaminase which can replace a ketone with a chir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pulsatile insulin secretion from individual beta cells is driven by oscillation of the calcium concentration in the cells. In beta cells lacking contact (i.e. outside islet of Lagerhans), the periodicity of these oscillations is rather variable (2-10 min). However, within an islet of Langerhans, the oscillations become... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Fluid Dynamics Prize has been awarded to:
* 2022: Elisabeth Charlaix
* 2020: Katepalli Sreenivasan
* 2019: Alexander Smits
* 2018: Keith Moffatt
* 2017: Detlef Lohse
* 2016: Howard A. Stone
* 2015: Morteza Gharib
* 2014: Geneviève Comte-Bellot
* 2013: Elaine Surick Oran
* 2012: John F. Brady
* 2011: Tony Maxworthy
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The basic principle of displacement chromatography is: there are only a finite number of binding sites for solutes on the matrix (the stationary phase), and if a site is occupied by one molecule, it is unavailable to others. As in any chromatography, equilibrium is established between molecules of a given kind bound to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Let represent the surface pressure coefficient for an impermeable cylinder:
where is the surface pressure of the impermeable cylinder. Now let be the internal pressure coefficient inside the cylinder, then a slight normal velocity due to the slight porousness is given by
but the zero net flux condition
requires that... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ronald James Gillespie, (August 21, 1924 – February 26, 2021) was a British chemist specializing in the field of molecular geometry, who arrived in Canada after accepting an offer that included his own laboratory with new equipment, which post-World War II Britain could not provide. He was responsible for establishing... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Zharkova, Olga Nicholaevna (b. 11 January 1979, Moscow) – Russian curler, member of two Olympic Games (2002 and 2006), European champion in 2006. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates (HSHs), also known as polyglycitol syrup (INS 964), are mixtures of several sugar alcohols (a type of sugar substitute). Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates were developed by the Swedish company Lyckeby Starch in the 1960s. The HSH family of polyols is an approved food ingredient in Canad... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cDNA molecules generated by RACE can be sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technologies (also called, RACE-seq). High-throughput sequencing characterization of RACE fragments is highly time-efficient, more sensitive, less costly and technically feasible compared to traditional characterization of RACE fragm... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because of the diffraction limit in the resolution of conventional lens-based microscopes, namely D = 0.61λ/nsinθ, the maximum resolution obtainable with an optical microscope is ~200 nm. A new type of lens using multiple scattering of light allowed to improve the resolution to about 100 nm. Several new microscopy tech... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lower pH and lower applied redox potential facilitate the evolution and the enrichment of hydrogen during the process of SCC, thus increasing the SCC intensity.
* Certain austenitic stainless steels and aluminium alloys crack in the presence of chlorides. This limits the usefulness of austenitic stainless steel for con... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most common side effects (more than 10% of patients) are hot flashes and sweating, which are typical of estrogen deficiency as caused by exemestane, and also insomnia, headache, and joint pain. Nausea and fatigue are mainly observed in patients with advanced breast cancer.
An occasional decrease in lymphocytes has ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the case of the hyperbolic conservation law (), we have seen that the shock speed can be obtained by simple division. However, for the 1D Euler equations (), () and (), we have the vector state variable and the jump conditions become
Equations (), () and () are known as the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions for the Euler... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After its heyday in the Tang dynasty Daoist alchemy continued to flourish during the Song dynasty (960–1279) period. However, since six Tang emperors and many court officials died from elixir poisoning, Song alchemists exercised more caution, not only in the composition of the elixirs themselves, but also in attempts t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The semiconductor is a collective term for a series of devices. It mainly includes three categories：two-terminal devices, three-terminal devices, and four-terminal devices. The combination of the semiconductors is called an integrated circuit.
The relationship between Ficks law and semiconductors: the principle of the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As metabolite analyses are being conducted at the individual patient level, pharmacometabolomics may be considered a form of personalized medicine. This field is currently being employed in a predictive manner to determine the potential responses of therapeutic compounds in individual patients, allowing for more custom... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since the 1980s, new methods of marketing for prescription drugs to consumers have become important. Direct-to-consumer media advertising was legalised in the FDA Guidance for Industry on Consumer-Directed Broadcast Advertisements. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The SIP peptide binding pocket is the docking station of the eight amino acid leaderless peptide signal, speB-inducing peptide (SIP). The binding pocket is a tripartite construction of the C-terminals α12 helix which is a capping helix, TPR3s α6 helix that has a hydrophobic interplay with SIP sidechains, and TPR 4's α8... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Interfacial rheology is a branch of rheology that studies the flow of matter at the interface between a gas and a liquid or at the interface between two immiscible liquids. The measurement is done while having surfactants, nanoparticles or other surface active compounds present at the interface. Unlike in bulk rheology... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An open-label clinical study for infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy evaluating long-term evaluation of efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of RT001, which, when taken with food, can protect the neuronal cells from degeneration, started in the Summer 2018. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MCP-RHEED is a system in which an electron beam is amplified by a micro-channel plate (MCP). This system consists of an electron gun and an MCP equipped with a fluorescent screen opposite to the electron gun. Because of the amplification, the intensity of the electron beam can be decreased by several orders of magnitud... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Porphyrins have been evaluated in the context of photodynamic therapy (PDT) since they strongly absorb light, which is then converted to heat in the illuminated areas. This technique has been applied in macular degeneration using verteporfin.
PDT is considered a noninvasive cancer treatment, involving the interaction b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The asialoglycoprotein receptor was first characterized in 1968 by [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925818993373?via%3Dihub Morell et al.] and was the first mammalian lectin identified. The researchers transferred radioactively-labeled ceruloplasmin that had undergone a reaction via the enzyme ne... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ions undergoing fusion in many systems will essentially never occur alone but will be mixed with electrons that in aggregate neutralize the ions' bulk electrical charge and form a plasma. The electrons will generally have a temperature comparable to or greater than that of the ions, so they will collide with the io... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Different transition metals have been used to catalyze carboamination reactions, including palladium, copper, and rhodium etc. The reaction mechanism varies with different transition metals. For palladium-catalyzed carboamination reactions, Pd(0)/Pd(II) and Pd(II)/Pd(IV) catalytic cycles are the most common mechanisms ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Prior to the invention of the theodolite, the goniometer was used in surveying. The application of triangulation to geodesy was described in the second (1533) edition of Cosmograficus liber by Petri Appiani as a 16-page appendix by Frisius entitled Libellus de locorum describendorum ratione. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Inert anodes are non-carbon based alternatives to traditional anodes used during aluminum reduction. These anodes do not chemically react with the electrolyte, and are therefore not consumed during the reduction process. Because the anode does not contain carbon, carbon dioxide is not produced. Through a review of lite... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1956).
* Member of the United States National Academy of Sciences (1978).
* Honorary professorship by the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Barcelona (Spain).
* Honorary degree by the University of Montpelier (France).
* Honorary degree by the University of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Crawfords book "Experimental Enquiry into the Effects of Tonics and Other Medicinal Substances on the Cohesion of Animal Fibre", written near the end of his life, offers a very readable presentation of his way of doing chemistry. Heres an example: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Similarly to surface waves, internal waves change as they approach the shore. As the ratio of wave amplitude to water depth becomes such that the wave “feels the bottom,” water at the base of the wave slows down due to friction with the sea floor. This causes the wave to become asymmetrical and the face of the wave to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dentin bonding refers to process of bonding a resin to conditioned dentin, where mineral component is replaced with resin monomers to form a biocomposite comprising dentin collagen and cured resin. The adhesive-dentin interface forms a tight and permanent bond between dentin and composite resins.
It can be accomplished... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Molecular interactions can occur between molecules belonging to different biochemical families (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, etc.) and also within a given family. Whenever such molecules are connected by physical interactions, they form molecular interaction networks that are generally classified by ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Experimentally Pierre Louis Dulong and Alexis Thérèse Petit had found in 1819 that the heat capacity per weight (the mass-specific heat capacity) for 13 measured elements was close to a constant value, after it had been multiplied by a number representing the presumed relative atomic weight of the element. These atomi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The introduction of the three-centered two-electron delocalized bond invoked in the non-classical picture of the 2-norbornyl cation allowed chemists to explore a whole new realm of chemical bonds. Chemists were eager to apply the characteristics of hypovalent electronic states to new and old systems alike (though sever... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Host recognition of bacteriophages occur via bacteria-binding proteins that have strong binding affinities to specific protein or carbohydrate structures on the surface of the bacterial host. Bacteria-binding proteins derived from bacteriophage coating paramagnetic beads will bind to specific cell components present on... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Department of Energy ordered suspension of FutureGen 2.0 in February, 2015. The funds, appropriated by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, needed to be committed by July 1 and spent by Sept 30, 2015. The government also cited the Alliance's inability to raise the requisite amount of private funding.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Bpin (pinacolatoboron) group, of use in Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reactions, can be installed by reaction of a diazonium salt with bis(pinacolato)diboron in the presence of benzoyl peroxide (2 mol %) as an initiator:. Alternatively similar borylation can be achieved using transition metal carbonyl complexes inclu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The second solar spectrum is an electromagnetic spectrum of the Sun that shows the degree of linear polarization. The term was coined by V. V. Ivanov in 1991. The polarization is at a maximum close to the limb (edge) of the Sun, thus the best place to observe such a spectrum is from just inside the limb. It is also po... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Expression of genes in mammals can be upregulated when signals are transmitted to the promoters associated with the genes. Cis-regulatory DNA sequences that are located in DNA regions distant from the promoters of genes can have very large effects on gene expression, with some genes undergoing up to 100-fold increased... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
TOXMAP helped users create nationwide, regional, or local area maps showing where TRI chemicals are released on-site into the air, water, ground, and by underground injection, as reported by industrial facilities in the United States. It also identified the releasing facilities, color-codes release amounts for a single... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Synthesis of morphine-like alkaloids in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the natural morphinan class of alkaloids that includes codeine, morphine, oripavine, and thebaine and the closely related semisynthetic analogs methorphan, buprenorphine, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, isocodeine, naltrexone, nalbuphine, ox... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the metabolic pathways that a tetrose is involved in is the Pentose Phosphate Pathway. In the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, there is an oxidative stage and a non-oxidative stage. A tetrose sugar, D-erythrose, is utilized in the non-oxidative stage, where D-ribulose 5-phosphate is generated into a 6 carbon sugar (fr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The building of the laboratory began in 1913 and was finished in 1916 to the designs of Paul Waterhouse, the contractors being Armitage and Hodgson of Leeds. Funding came in part from C. W. Dyson Perrins of Queen's College. In 1920–22 an eastern wing was added as contemplated in the original design, this was followed i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Singlet fission is a spin-allowed process, unique to molecular photophysics, whereby one singlet excited state is converted into two triplet states. The phenomenon has been observed in molecular crystals, aggregates, disordered thin films, and covalently-linked dimers, where the chromophores are oriented such that the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A "black body" is a body which has the property of allowing all incident rays to enter without surface reflection and not allowing them to leave again.
Blackbodies are idealized surfaces that act as the perfect absorber and emitter. They serve as the standard against which real surfaces are compared when characterizing... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ionizing or excitation effects of beta particles on matter are the fundamental processes by which radiometric detection instruments detect and measure beta radiation. The ionization of gas is used in ion chambers and Geiger–Müller counters, and the excitation of scintillators is used in scintillation counters.
The ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Norrish and Smith, Trommsdorff, and later, Schultz and Harborth, concluded that autoacceleration must be caused by a totally different polymerization mechanism. They rationalized through experiment that a decrease in the termination rate was the basis of the phenomenon. This decrease in termination rate, k, is caused b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), the following relationship applies:
where:
* is the reactor volume
* is the molar flow rate per unit time of the entering reactant A
* is the conversion of reactant A
* is the rate of disappearance of reactant A per unit volume per unit time
For a plug flow reactor (PFR), t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The isotopic ratio of the product can be used to define the instantaneous isotopic ratio
and the time-dependent fractionation factor | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The journal invites letters, articles, features, and perspectives (reviews) that address challenges of sustainability in the chemical enterprise and advance principles of green chemistry and green engineering. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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