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George Warren Hammond (April 4, 1833 – January 6, 1908) was an American businessman. Camp Hammond, in Yarmouth, Maine, is named for him. He was also one of its architects. Built in , it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
Hammond was also co-owner of Forest Paper Company, which was the larg... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In North America, union pipefitters are members of the United Association. Wages vary from area to area, based on demands for experienced personnel and existing contracts between local unions and contractors. The United Association is also affiliated with the piping trades unions in Ireland and Australia. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first recombinant plant-derived protein (PDP) was human serum albumin, initially produced in 1990 in transgenic tobacco and potato plants. Open field growing trials of these crops began in the United States in 1992 and have taken place every year since. While the United States Department of Agriculture has approv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the early 1920s, pharmacist Alexis Moussalli joined the Millot pharmaceutical laboratories in Paris. Leveraging his expertise of rare-earth elements, he invented a beauty cream laden with thorium chloride and radium bromide. In order to start his own brand and as a marketing device, he associated with Alfred Curie, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Like all phyllosilicates, clay minerals are characterised by two-dimensional sheets of corner-sharing tetrahedra or octahedra. The sheet units have the chemical composition . Each silica tetrahedron shares three of its vertex oxygen ions with other tetrahedra, forming a hexagonal array in two dimensions. The fourth o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Certain skin conditions, including keratosis, psoriasis, eczema and acne, may be treated with UVB light therapy, including by using tanning beds in commercial salons. Using tanning beds allows patients to access UV exposure when dermatologist-provided phototherapy is not available. A systematic review of studies, publi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Between 1920 and 1930 fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics were developed by Pauli, Heisenberg, Schrödinger, and Dirac. Understanding of the spin and exclusion principle allowed conceiving how electron shells of atoms are filled with the increasing atomic number. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the S-matrix formulation of particle physics, which was pioneered by John Archibald Wheeler among others, all physical processes are modeled according to the following paradigm.
One begins with a non-interacting multiparticle state in the distant past. Non-interacting does not mean that all of the forces have been ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Volatolomics is a branch of chemistry that studies volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by a biological system, under specific experimental conditions. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acid-base extraction is frequently used as the first step in a work-up procedure following a chemical synthesis to remove acidic and basic starting materials or impurities. Acid-base extraction is typically a precursor to more complicated purification techniques, such as recrystallization, if the product synthesized is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are two types of β-agonists, long- and short-acting. They are both inhaled and given by aerosol delivery devices.
Long-lasting β-agonists are often given in a combination with corticosteroids to treat asthma. Short-acting β-agonists are used to treat exercise-induced asthma,
and for asthma patients to get a quic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DOC is conceptually divided into labile DOC, which is rapidly taken up by heterotrophic microbes, and the recalcitrant DOC reservoir, which has accumulated in the ocean (following a definition by Hansell). As a consequence of its recalcitrance, the accumulated DOC reaches average radiocarbon ages between 1,000 and 4,00... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Flavins (from Latin flavus, "yellow") refers generally to the class of organic compounds containing the tricyclic heterocycle isoalloxazine or its isomer alloxazine, and derivatives thereof. The biochemical source of flavin is the yellow B vitamin riboflavin. The flavin moiety is often attached with an adenosine diphos... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Knowledge of hydration is essential for calculating the masses for many compounds. The reactivity of many salt-like solids is sensitive to the presence of water.
The hydration and dehydration of salts is central to the use of phase-change materials for energy storage. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Batchelor–Chandrasekhar equation is the evolution equation for the scalar functions, defining the two-point velocity correlation tensor of a homogeneous axisymmetric turbulence, named after George Batchelor and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. They developed the theory of homogeneous axisymmetric turbulence based on How... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the 1960s there was a lot of interest in fluorocarbons as anesthetics. The research did not produce any anesthetics, but the research included tests on the issue of flammability, and showed that the tested fluorocarbons were not flammable in air in any proportion, though most of the tests were in pure oxygen or pure... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Measurements of Δ can be used to better understand the physiology of extinct organisms, and to place constraints on the early development of endothermy, the process by which organisms regulate their internal body temperatures. Prior to the development of clumped isotope analysis, there was no straightforward way to es... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
IPA can be converted in the liver or kidneys to 3-indoleacrylic acid, which is subsequently conjugated with glycine, forming indolylacryloyl glycine. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* (Original paper is available at: https://www.irphe.fr/~clanet/otherpaperfile/articles/Rayleigh/rayleigh1883.pdf .) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The coffee-ring pattern is detrimental when uniform application of a dried deposit is required, such as in printed electronics. It can be suppressed by adding elongated particles, such as cellulose fibers, to the spherical particles that cause the coffee-ring effect. The size and weight fraction of added particles may ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ligands targeting the mAChR that are currently approved for clinical use include non-selective antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, atropine (to dilate the pupil), scopolamine (used to prevent motion sickness), and ipratropium (used in the treatment of COPD). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
JES is the flagship journal of The Electrochemical Society. Published continuously from 1902 to the present, JES is one of the most highly-cited journals in electrochemistry and solid-state science and technology. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For pol II-transcribed genes, and unlike bacterial RNA polymerase, promoter melting requires hydrolysis of ATP and is mediated by TFIIH. TFIIH is a ten-subunit protein, including both ATPase and protein kinase activities. While the upstream promoter DNA is held in a fixed position by TFIID, TFIIH pulls downstream doub... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Silent Information Regulator (SIR) proteins are involved in regulating gene expression. SIR proteins organize heterochromatin near telomeres, ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and at silent loci including hidden mating type loci in yeast. The SIR family of genes encodes catalytic and non-catalytic proteins that are involved in de... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Scar sequences are common in multiple segment DNA assembly. In the multisegment assembly method Gateway, segments are added into the donor with additional ATT sequences, which overlap in those added segments, and this results in the segments separated by the ATT sequences. In BioBrick assembly, an eight-nucleotide scar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies tanning beds as "moderate risk" devices (changed in 2014 from "low risk"). It requires that devices carry a black box warning that they should not be used by individuals under the age of 18, but it has not banned their use by minors. , California, Delaware, the District... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lead azide in its pure form was first prepared by Theodor Curtius in 1891. Due to sensitivity and stability concerns, the dextrinated form of lead azide (MIL-L-3055) was developed in the 1920s and 1930s with large scale production by DuPont Co beginning in 1932. Detonator development during World War II resulted in the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vasilis Gregoriou (born 1965, Trikala, Greece) is a researcher, inventor, technology entrepreneur and former Director and Chairman of the Board of Directors at National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF) in Athens, Greece. During his career, he has achieved international recognition by serving in research and adminis... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In Finland, green roofs are still scarce. Some experimental green roofs have been built in big cities. However, the capital city of Helsinki has published guidelines for enhancing the building of green roofs in the city. There is on-going research on the topic as the conditions in the southern Europe are very different... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since many sources of human food are ultimately derived from terrestrial plants, the relative concentration of carbon-14 in human bodies is nearly identical to the relative concentration in the atmosphere. The rates of disintegration of potassium-40 and carbon-14 in the normal adult body are comparable (a few thousand ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metal carbonyls are often characterized by C NMR spectroscopy. To improve the sensitivity of this technique, complexes are often enriched with CO. Typical chemical shift range for terminally bound ligands is 150 to 220 ppm. Bridging ligands resonate between 230 and 280 ppm. The C signals shift toward higher fields with... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mass-independent isotope fractionation or Non-mass-dependent fractionation (NMD), refers to any chemical or physical process that acts to separate isotopes, where the amount of separation does not scale in proportion with the difference in the masses of the isotopes. Most isotopic fractionations (including typical kin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, the Cornforth rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction of a 4-acyloxazole in which the group attached to an acyl on position 4 and the substituent on position 5 of an oxazole ring exchange places. It was first reported in 1949, and is named for John Cornforth. The reaction is used in the synthesi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He completed his Ph.D. in chemical engineering at the University of Minnesota in 1975, with advisors Arnold Fredrickson and Rutherford Aris on the topic of modeling of population dynamics. He thesis was published in 1978 with the title, "Mathematical Modelling of the Dynamics of Interacting Microbial Populations. Exti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Azo compounds are organic compounds bearing the functional group diazenyl (, in which R and R′ can be either aryl or alkyl groups).
IUPAC defines azo compounds as: "Derivatives of diazene (diimide), , wherein both hydrogens are substituted by hydrocarbyl groups, e.g. azobenzene or diphenyldiazene.", where Ph stands f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Charles M. Schwab (1862–1939) and Eugene Grace (1876–1960) made Bethlehem Steel the second-largest American steel company by the 1920s. Schwab had been the operating head of Carnegie Steel and US Steel. In 1903 he purchased the small firm Bethlehem Steel, and in 1916 made Grace president. Innovation was the keynote at ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The history of alchemy has become a recognized subject of academic study. As the language of the alchemists is analysed, historians are becoming more aware of the connections between that discipline and other facets of Western cultural history, such as the evolution of science and philosophy, the sociology and psycholo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The STRENDA project is driven by 15 scientists from all over the world forming the STRENDA Commission and supporting the work with expertises in biochemistry, [https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sbcs/iubmb/enzyme/ enzyme nomenclature], bioinformatics, systems biology, modelling, mechanistic enzymology and theoretical biology. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When there is enough matter in a region to allow molecular collisions to occur very much more often than absorption or emission of photons, for radiation one speaks of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). In this case, Kirchhoff's law of equality of radiative absorptivity and emissivity holds.
Two bodies in radiative... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When the distance between the probe and the sample is brought to the range where atomic force may be detected, while a cantilever is excited in its natural eigenfrequency (f), the resonance frequency f of the cantilever may shift from its original resonance frequency. In other words, in the range where atomic force may... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Adaptive management is a key aspect of ESEM. Adaptive management is a way of approaching environmental management. It assumes that there is a great deal of uncertainty in environmental systems and holds that there is never a final solution to an earth systems problem. Therefore, once action has been taken, the Earth... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The thermal copper pillar bump, also known as the "thermal bump", is a thermoelectric device made from thin-film thermoelectric material embedded in flip chip interconnects (in particular copper pillar solder bumps) for use in electronics and optoelectronic packaging, including: flip chip packaging of CPU and GPU integ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The protocol is based on the fact that the formaldehyde cross-linking is more efficient in nucleosome-bound DNA than it is in nucleosome-depleted regions of the genome. This method then segregates the non cross-linked DNA that is usually found in open chromatin, which is then sequenced. The protocol consists of cross l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The softening point is the temperature at which a material softens beyond some arbitrary softness. It can be determined, for example, by the Vicat method (ASTM-D1525 or ISO 306), Heat Deflection Test (ASTM-D648) or a ring and ball method (ISO 4625 or ASTM E28-67/E28-99 or ASTM D36 or ASTM D6493 - 11 or JIS K 6863). A r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas, as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas. The d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dendrimers are particularly versatile drug delivery devices due to the wide range of chemical modifications that can be made to increase in vivo suitability and allow for site-specific targeted drug delivery.
Drug attachment to the dendrimer may be accomplished by (1) a covalent attachment or conjugation to the externa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Steric hindrance is a consequence of steric effects. Steric hindrance is the slowing of chemical reactions due to steric bulk. It is usually manifested in intermolecular reactions, whereas discussion of steric effects often focus on intramolecular interactions. Steric hindrance is often exploited to control selectivit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Next-generation sequencing has enabled a genome-wide approach to identify DNA footprints. Open chromatin assays such as DNase-Seq and FAIRE-Seq have proven to provide a robust regulatory landscape for many cell types. However, these assays require some downstream bioinformatics analyses in order to provide genome-wide ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
During plant photosynthesis, 2 equivalents of glycerate 3-phosphate (GP; also known as 3-phosphoglycerate) are produced by the first step of the light-independent reactions when ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) and carbon dioxide are catalysed by the rubisco enzyme. The GP is converted to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pharmaceuticals:
This technique is widely used in the pharma market. Because of the small sample amounts and the high yields, it is ideal for spray drying expensive substances in basic research. The following list shows examples of what is possible:
*Inhalable drugs for dry powder inhalers (DPI‘s)
*Nano- and microencap... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Arsenic removal technologies are traditional treatment processes which have been tailored to improve removal of arsenic from drinking water. Although some of the removal processes, such as precipitative processes, adsorption processes, ion exchange processes, and separation (membrane) processes, may be technically feas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thiols, or more specific their conjugate bases, are readily alkylated to give sulfides:
:RSH + R′Br + B → RSR′ + [HB]Br (B = base) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Prostaglandins are derived from the parent molecule arachidonic acid. The synthesis of prostaglandins can be blocked by anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen. Anti-inflammatory drugs block the synthesis of cyclooxygenases which in turn produce prostaglandins. Prostaglandins (PG) are the result of an enzyme cascade ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The two major species of deer found in North America are the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). The most important sense in these animals is olfaction (the sense of smell)—so much so that they have an accessory olfaction system.
The vomeronasal organ, located at the base... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the canonical pathway, Wnt proteins binds to its transmembrane receptor of the Frizzled family of proteins. The binding of Wnt to a Frizzled protein activates the Dishevelled protein. In its active state the Dishevelled protein inhibits the activity of the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) enzyme. Normally active GS... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since 1990 the number of European producers has been declining. The French SNPE factory closed in 1990; in 1993, the production of hexamethylenetetramine in Leuna, Germany ceased; in 1996, the Italian facility of Agrolinz closed down; in 2001, the UK producer Borden closed; in 2006, production at Chemko, Slovak Republ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ratio of activities of a solute, A in an aqueous/organic system will remain constant and independent of the total quantity of A (hence ), so at any given temperature:
Distribution constants are useful as they allow the calculation of the concentration of remaining analyte in the solution, even after a number of sol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Karlsruhe Congress was called so that European chemists could discuss matters of chemical nomenclature, notation, and atomic weights. The organization, invitation, and sponsorship of the conference were handled by August Kekulé, Adolphe Wurtz, and Karl Weltzien. As an example of the problems facing the delegates, K... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A reduced form of phenolphthalein, phenolphthalin, which is colorless, is used in a test to identify substances thought to contain blood, commonly known as the Kastle–Meyer test. A dry sample is collected with a swab or filter paper. A few drops of alcohol, then a few drops of phenolphthalin, and finally a few drops of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is responsible for processing Okazaki fragments. It works with DNA polymerase to remove the RNA primer of an Okazaki fragment and can remove the 5 ribonucleotide and 5 flaps when DNA polymerase displaces the strands during lagging strand synthesis. The removal of these flaps involves a proces... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The structures of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes involve several nested sequence elements. Each element has a specific function in the multi-step process of gene expression. The sequences and lengths of these elements vary, but the same general functions are present in most genes. Although DNA is a double-strand... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sepro Tyre Driven Grinding Mills are designed for small and medium capacity grinding applications, specifically small tonnage plants, regrinding mills, reagent prep and lime slaking. Sepro Pneumatic Tyre Driven (PTD) mills provide an alternative to standard trunnion drive systems. The drive consists of multiple gears b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A phase-change material (PCM) is a substance which releases/absorbs sufficient energy at phase transition to provide useful heat or cooling. Generally the transition will be from one of the first two fundamental states of matter - solid and liquid - to the other. The phase transition may also be between non-classical... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The tendency of a boundary layer to separate primarily depends on the distribution of the adverse or negative
edge velocity gradient along the surface, which in turn is directly related to the pressure and its gradient by the differential form of the Bernoulli relation,
which is the same as the momentum equation for t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The reversibility of the interconversion of 3-sulfolene with buta-1,3-diene and sulfur dioxide suggests the use of sulfolene as a recyclable aprotic dipolar solvent, in replacement for dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which is often used but difficult to separate and poorly reusable. As a model reaction, the reaction of benz... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bores occur in relatively few locations worldwide, usually in areas with a large tidal range (typically more than between high and low tide) and where incoming tides are funneled into a shallow, narrowing river or lake via a broad bay. The funnel-like shape not only increases the tidal range, but it can also decrease ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oscar Paul Kuipers (Rotterdam, May 12, 1956) is a Dutch professor of molecular genetics at the University of Groningen. His areas of expertise include microbiology, biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, and biotechnology. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fluid flow is measured with a wide variety of instruments. The venturi meter in the diagram on the left shows two columns of a measurement fluid at different heights. The height of each column of fluid is proportional to the pressure of the fluid. To demonstrate a classical measurement of pressure head, we could hypot... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Protein, peptide, and DNA patterning
*Hydrogels
*Sol gels
*Conductive inks
*Lipids
*Silanes (liquid phase) written to glass or silicon | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The scientist was the first to draw attention to the special importance of studying the migration of relatively short-lived radioelements in the Earth's crust for solving general geological and geochemical problems (1926). V. G. Khlopin pointed out a number of questions of these disciplines, which imply solution by the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kutlu Özergin Ülgen is a Turkish biochemical engineer researching pharmacophore modelling to identify pharmacological chaperones used to treat infectious diseases, genetic diseases, and cancer. Ülgen is a professor in the department of chemical engineering at Boğaziçi University. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Damage and subsequent dysfunction in mitochondria is an important factor in a range of human diseases due to their influence in cell metabolism. Mitochondrial disorders often present as neurological disorders, including autism. They can also manifest as myopathy, diabetes, multiple endocrinopathy, and a variety of othe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A 3–10% solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) gives a color change in some species of mushrooms:
* In Agaricus, some species such as A. xanthodermus turn yellow with KOH, many have no reaction, and A. subrutilescens turns green.
* Distinctive change occurs for some species of Cortinarius and Boletes | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide of sequence (Glu-Asp-Arg) and purported geroprotector documented in the Russian scientific literature. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is produced industrially by electrochemical fluorination (ECF) of methanesulfonic acid:
The resulting CFSOF is hydrolyzed, and the resulting triflate salt is reprotonated. Alternatively, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid arises by oxidation of trifluoromethylsulfenyl chloride:
Triflic acid is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Other bodies may define classes of reference material differently. WHO guidelines for biological reference materials provide the terms:
* Reference standards: materials that are used as calibrators in assays
* International biological measurement standard: a biological substance provided to enable the results of biol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The alternative oxidase (AOX) is an enzyme that forms part of the electron transport chain in mitochondria of different organisms. Proteins homologous to the mitochondrial oxidase and the related plastid terminal oxidase have also been identified in bacterial genomes.
The oxidase provides an alternative route for elect... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stakeholder Program on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals program (SPIFAN) develops consensus-based standards and methods to make infant formula and adult nutritionals safer for babies and adults to consume. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Atmospheric carbon dioxide plays an integral role in the Earth's carbon cycle whereby is removed from the atmosphere by some natural processes such as photosynthesis and deposition of carbonates, to form limestones for example, and added back to the atmosphere by other natural processes such as respiration and the aci... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some methods first developed within nuclear chemistry and physics have become so widely used within chemistry and other physical sciences that they may be best thought of as separate from normal nuclear chemistry. For example, the isotope effect is used so extensively to investigate chemical mechanisms and the use of c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gas molecules in soil are in continuous thermal motion according to the kinetic theory of gases, and there is also collision between molecules – a random walk process. In soil, a concentration gradient causes net movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration, which gives the movement of gas by diff... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mitochondrial genes in some vertebrates (including humans) have incomplete stop codons ending in U or UA, which become complete termination codons (UAA) upon subsequent polyadenylation. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Crampton et al. have proposed a mechanism for the ssDNA-dependent hydrolysis of dTTP by T7 DNA helicase as shown in the figure below. In their model, protein loops located on each hexameric subunit, each of which contain three lysine residues, sequentially interact with the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ssD... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When a second phase of mass fragmentation is added, for example using a second quadrupole in a quadrupole instrument, it is called tandem MS (MS/MS). MS/MS can sometimes be used to quantitate low levels of target compounds in the presence of a high sample matrix background.
The first quadrupole (Q1) is connected with a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dehydroretinal (3,4-dehydroretinal) is a derivative metabolite of retinal belonging to the group of vitamin A as a retinaldehyde form, besides the endogenously present 3,4-dehydroretinol and 3,4-dehydroretinoic acid.
The livers of some freshwater fishes and some fish found in India contain a higher ratio of dehydroreti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An insulator is a type of cis-regulatory element known as a long-range regulatory element. Found in multicellular eukaryotes and working over distances from the promoter element of the target gene, an insulator is typically 300 bp to 2000 bp in length. Insulators contain clustered binding sites for sequence specific DN... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In NMR spectroscopy, the product operator formalism is a method used to determine the outcome of pulse sequences in a rigorous but straightforward way. With this method it is possible to predict how the bulk magnetization evolves with time under the action of pulses applied in different directions. It is a net improvem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metal acyl complexes participate in several commercial processes, including:
*hydroformylation
*acetic acid synthesis
*Eastman acetic anhydride process
*Ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymerization
A reaction involving metal acyl complexes of occasional value in organic synthesis is the Tsuji–Wilkinson decarbonylation rea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent (FCR) or Folins phenol reagent or Folin–Denis reagent, is a mixture of phosphomolybdate and phosphotungstate used for the colorimetric in vitro' assay of phenolic and polyphenolic antioxidants, also called the gallic acid equivalence method (GAE). It is named after Otto Folin, Vintilă Cioc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* 2012 – Pearson Education RACI Centenary of Federation Chemistry Educator of the Year Award
* 2011 – Vice-Chancellor's Award for Outstanding Teaching
* 2011 – Australian Learning and Teaching Council Citation for Teaching Excellence
* 2010 – Vice-Chancellor's Award for Support of the Student Experience
* 2008 – NSW an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thiols having the structure R−SH, in which an alkyl group (R) is attached to a sulfhydryl group (SH), are referred to as alkanethiols or alkyl thiols. Thiols and alcohols have similar connectivity. Because sulfur atoms are larger than oxygen atoms, C−S bond lengths – typically around 180 picometres – are about 40 picom... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alexander Frank Wells (2 September 1912 – 28 November 1994), or A. F. Wells, was a British chemist and crystallographer. He is known for his work on structural inorganic chemistry, which includes the description and classification of structural motifs, such as the polyhedral coordination environments, in crystals obtai... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plasma electron temperatures can range between ~6,000 K and ~10,000 K and are usually several orders of magnitude greater than the temperature of the neutral species. Argon ICP plasma discharge temperatures are typically ~5,500 to 6,500 K and are therefore comparable to that reached at the surface (photosphere) of the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many shower curtains come with features to reduce the shower-curtain effect. They may have adhesive suction cups on the bottom edges of the curtain, which are then pushed onto the sides of the shower when in use. Others may have magnets at the bottom, though these are not effective on acrylic or fiberglass tubs.
It is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The "elution time" of a solute is the time between the start of the separation (the time at which the solute enters the column) and the time at which the solute elutes. In the same way, the elution volume is the volume of eluent required to cause elution. Under standard conditions for a known mix of solutes in a cert... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The core of β-catenin consists of several very characteristic repeats, each approximately 40 amino acids long. Termed armadillo repeats, all these elements fold together into a single, rigid protein domain with an elongated shape – called armadillo (ARM) domain. An average armadillo repeat is composed of three alpha he... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Air kerma is of importance in the practical calibration of instruments for photon measurement, where it is used for the traceable calibration of gamma instrument metrology facilities using a "free air" ion chamber to measure air kerma.
IAEA safety report 16 states "The quantity air kerma should be used for calibrating... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Institute of Chemistry PNG is the professional organisation supporting chemical sciences in Papua New Guinea and a learned society promoting the science and practice of chemistry. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Synthesis of marmesin has been successfully conducted in the laboratory on multiple occasions. One way of doing so is by a strategy based on the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular coupling reaction. This reaction would construct the dihydropyran ring and synthesize the compound from the intermediate (-)-peucedanol. The... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The plasma used in an ICP-MS is made by partially ionizing argon gas (Ar → Ar + e). The energy required for this reaction is obtained by pulsing an alternating electric current in load coil that surrounds the plasma torch with a flow of argon gas.
After the sample is injected, the plasma's extreme temperature causes t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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