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In 2000, negotiations as to the demarcation of the sea had been going on for nearly a decade among all the states bordering it. Whether it was by law a sea, a lake, or an agreed hybrid, the decision would set the demarcation rules and was heavily debated. Access to mineral resources (oil and natural gas), access for fi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mutations in complex III-related genes typically manifest as exercise intolerance. Other mutations have been reported to cause septo-optic dysplasia and multisystem disorders. However, mutations in BCS1L, a gene responsible for proper maturation of complex III, can result in Björnstad syndrome and the GRACILE syndrome... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metallization pressure is the pressure required for a non-metallic chemical element to become a metal. Every material is predicted to turn into a metal if the pressure is high enough, and temperature low enough. Some of these pressures are beyond the reach of diamond anvil cells, and are thus theoretical predictions. N... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermate composition is a thermite enriched with a salt-based oxidizer (usually nitrates, e.g., barium nitrate, or peroxides). In contrast with thermites, thermates burn with evolution of flame and gases. The presence of the oxidizer makes the mixture easier to ignite and improves penetration of target by the burning c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1905, both Goldberg and Ullman moved to Technische Hochschule in Berlin. Goldbergs research, along with that of the Ullmann-Goldberg collaborative, was also a part of Germanys synthetic dye industry. Their research helped with the creation of the synthetic alizarin industry, or the process of replacing natural dye o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The degree of inactivation by ultraviolet radiation is directly related to the UV dose applied to the water. The dosage, a product of UV light intensity and exposure time, is usually measured in microjoules per square centimeter, or equivalently as microwatt seconds per square centimeter (μW·s/cm) = 10 mW·s/m = 0.01 W·... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some conducting materials may pass electrons to form a difference in electrical charge at the joint. This results in a structure similar to a capacitor and creates an attractive electrostatic force between the materials. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In Arabidopsis, the protein DWF1 plays an enzymatic role in the biosynthesis of brassinosteroids, steroid hormones in plants that are required for growth. An interaction occurs between CaM and DWF1, and DWF1 being unable to bind CaM is unable to produce a regular growth phenotype in plants. Hence, CaM is essential for ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tetramethylguanidine is mainly used as a strong, non-nucleophilic base for alkylations, often as a substitute for the more expensive DBU and DBN. Since it is highly water-soluble, it is easily removed from mixtures in organic solvents. It is also used as a base-catalyst in the production of polyurethane. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As early as 1996, the Chemical Heritage Foundation had envisioned a broadly-based museum of chemical progress in which instruments would have "a major, but not exclusive role". That vision was followed when Peter Saylor of Dagit•Saylor Architects created the public museum and conference space. The Arnold O. Beckman Pe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrogen cyanide will react with alkenes under catalysis of nickel complexes. This reaction is called hydrocyanation.
:RCH=CH + HCN → RCH-CH-CN
Four molecules of HCN will tetramerize into diaminomaleonitrile, which can be converted to various purines. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An adatom is an atom that lies on a crystal surface, and can be thought of as the opposite of a surface vacancy. This term is used in surface chemistry and epitaxy, when describing single atoms lying on surfaces and surface roughness. The word is a portmanteau of "adsorbed atom". A single atom, a cluster of atoms, or... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For each thermodynamic potential, there are thermodynamic variables that need to be held constant to specify the potential value at a thermodynamical equilibrium state, such as independent variables for a mathematical function. These variables are termed the natural variables of that potential. The natural variables ar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Prokaryotes have a prokaryotic cytoskeleton that is more primitive than that of the eukaryotes. Besides homologues of actin and tubulin (MreB and FtsZ), the helically arranged building-block of the flagellum, flagellin, is one of the most significant cytoskeletal proteins of bacteria, as it provides structural backgrou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* [https://www.fs.usda.gov/rmrs/air-soil-and-water-resources-and-quality Rocky Mountain Research Station - Air, soil, and water resources and quality]
* [https://www.nimss.org/projects/18621 NRSP3: The National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)] | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Asbestiform is a crystal habit. It describes a mineral that grows in a fibrous aggregate of high tensile strength, flexible, long, and thin crystals that readily separate. The most common asbestiform mineral is chrysotile, commonly called "white asbestos", a magnesium phyllosilicate part of the serpentine group. Other ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The study of deformation is essential for the development of new materials. Deformation in metals depends on temperature, type of stress applied, strain rate, oxidation, and corrosion. Deformation-induced EMR can be divided into three categories: effects in ionic crystal materials, effects in rocks and granites, and ef... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, thioketones (; also known as thiones or thiocarbonyls) are organosulfur compounds related to conventional ketones in which the oxygen has been replaced by a sulfur. Instead of a structure of , thioketones have the structure , which is reflected by the prefix "thio-" in the name of the functional g... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first ideas about light being used in photosynthesis were proposed by Colin Flannery in 1779 who recognized it was sunlight falling on plants that was required, although Joseph Priestley had noted the production of oxygen without the association with light in 1772. Cornelis Van Niel proposed in 1931 that photosynth... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Soft (or ductile) copper tubing can be bent easily to travel around obstacles in the path of the tubing. While the work hardening of the drawing process used to size the tubing makes the copper hard/rigid, it is carefully annealed to make it soft again; it is therefore more expensive to produce than non-annealed, rigid... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemistry education (or chemical education) is the study of teaching and learning chemistry. It is one subset of STEM education or discipline-based education research (DBER). Topics in chemistry education include understanding how students learn chemistry and determining the most efficient methods to teach chemistry. T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The normal coordinates, denoted as Q, refer to the positions of atoms away from their equilibrium positions, with respect to a normal mode of vibration. Each normal mode is assigned a single normal coordinate, and so the normal coordinate refers to the "progress" along that normal mode at any given time. Formally, no... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transition metal sulfate complexes or sulfato complexes are coordination complexes with one or more sulfate ligands. Sulfate binds to metals through one, two, three, or all four oxygen atoms. Common are complexes where sulfate is unidentate or chelating bidentate. Examples are respectively [Co(tren)(NH)(SO)] (tren = ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While MALDI is a common technique for large macro-molecules, it is often possible to also analyze small molecules with mass below 1000 Da. The problem with small molecules is that of matrix effects, where signal interference, detector saturation, or suppression of the analyte signal is possible since the matrices ofte... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The discovery of plant viruses causing disease is often accredited to A. Mayer (1886) working in the Netherlands demonstrated that the sap of mosaic obtained from tobacco leaves developed mosaic symptom when injected in healthy plants. However the infection of the sap was destroyed when it was boiled. He thought that t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermodynamicists use this factor (Z) to alter the ideal gas equation to account for compressibility effects of real gases. This factor represents the ratio of actual to ideal specific volumes. It is sometimes referred to as a "fudge-factor" or correction to expand the useful range of the ideal gas law for design purpo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The pricing of pharmaceuticals is becoming a major challenge for health systems. A November 2020 study by the West Health Policy Center stated that more than 1.1 million senior citizens in the U.S. Medicare program are expected to die prematurely over the next decade because they will be unable to afford their prescrip... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The hemocompatability of a medical device is dependent upon surface charge, energy and topography. Devices that fail to be hemocompatabile run the risk of forming a thrombus, proliferation and compromising the immune system. Polymer coatings are applied to devices to increase their hemocompatability. Chemical cascades ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A formyl group, –CHO, can be introduced by treating the aryl diazonium salt with formaldoxime (), followed by hydrolysis of the aryl aldoxime to give the aryl aldehyde. This reaction is known as the Beech reaction. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As a consequence of the high shielding by the nearby ISS, the biological samples were predominantly exposed to galactic cosmic heavy ions, while electrons and a significant fraction of protons of the radiation belts and solar wind did not reach the samples. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Brian G. Wowk is a Canadian medical physicist and cryobiologist known for the discovery and development of synthetic molecules that mimic the activity of natural antifreeze proteins in cryopreservation applications, sometimes called "ice blockers". As a senior scientist at 21st Century Medicine, Inc., he was a co-devel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The SRM Engine Suite is an engineering software tool used for simulating fuels, combustion and exhaust gas emissions in internal combustion engine (IC engine) applications. It is used worldwide by leading IC engine development organisations and fuel companies. The software is developed, maintained and supported by CMCL... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bacterial initiation factor 1 associates with the 30S ribosomal subunit in the A site and prevents an aminoacyl-tRNA from entering. It modulates IF2 binding to the ribosome by increasing its affinity. It may also prevent the 50S subunit from binding, stopping the formation of the 70S subunit. It also contains a β-domai... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The thickness of the ozone layer varies worldwide and is generally thinner near the equator and thicker near the poles. Thickness refers to how much ozone is in a column over a given area and varies from season to season. The reasons for these variations are due to atmospheric circulation patterns and solar intensity.
... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In two dimensions, every figure which possesses an axis of symmetry is achiral, and it can be shown that every bounded achiral figure must have an axis of symmetry. (An axis of symmetry of a figure is a line , such that is invariant under the mapping , when is chosen to be the -axis of the coordinate system.) For th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The spectral resolution can also be expressed in terms of physical quantities, such as velocity; then it describes the difference between velocities that can be distinguished through the Doppler effect. Then, the resolution is and the resolving power is
where is the speed of light. The STIS example above then has ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In general, the ideal buffer should have good conductivity, produce less heat and have a long life. There are a number of buffers used for agarose electrophoresis; common ones for nucleic acids include Tris/Acetate/EDTA (TAE) and Tris/Borate/EDTA (TBE). The buffers used contain EDTA to inactivate many nucleases which... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Sadideen H, Swaminathan R. (2006): "Macroprolactin: what is it and what is its importance?" Int J Clin Pract. 60(4):457-61. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Together with the formula above, the boiling-point elevation can in principle be used to measure the degree of dissociation or the molar mass of the solute. This kind of measurement is called ebullioscopy (Latin-Greek "boiling-viewing"). However, since superheating is difficult to avoid, precise ΔT measurements are dif... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Modern steel making in India began with the setting of first blast furnace of India at Kulti in 1870 and production began in 1874, which was set up by Bengal Iron Works. The Ordnance Factory Board established Metal & Steel Factory (MSF) at Calcutta, in 1872 The Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was established by Dor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Schymanski graduated with a B.Sc. in Chemistry and a B.E. in Environmental Engineering from the University of Western Australia in 2003. While at the University of Western Australia, Schymanski combined chemistry and environmental engineering to study contaminated sites that required assessment and remediation. As an u... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When Amagats law is valid and' the gas mixture is made of ideal gases,
where:
: is the pressure of the gas mixture,
: is the volume of the i-th component of the gas mixture,
: is the total volume of the gas mixture,
: is the amount of substance of i-th component of the gas mixture (in mol),
: is the total amount o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Depending on the job specification, there are multiple forms of body constructions available:
* Tie rod cylinders: The most common cylinder constructions that can be used in many types of loads. Has been proven to be the safest form.
* Flanged-type cylinders: Fixed flanges are added to the ends of cylinder, however, th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mars Guy Fontana was a corrosion engineer, professor of Metallurgical Engineering at Ohio State University. He was born April 6, 1910, in Iron Mountain, Michigan, and died February 29, 1988. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cryo-adsorption is a method used for hydrogen storage where gaseous hydrogen at cryogenic temperatures (150—60 K) is physically adsorbed on porous material, mostly activated carbon. The achievable storage density is between liquid-hydrogen (LH) storage systems and compressed-hydrogen (CGH) storage systems. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For effective range see Buffer capacity, above. Also see Good's buffers for the historic design principles and favourable properties of these buffer substances in biochemical applications. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Under standard atmospheric conditions (25 °C and pressure of 1 bar), the dynamic viscosity of air is 18.5 μPa·s, roughly 50 times smaller than the viscosity of water at the same temperature. Except at very high pressure, the viscosity of air depends mostly on the temperature. Among the many possible approximate formula... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
McQuillan was awarded the Rosenhain Medal in 1965. She was on the Interservices Metallurgical Research Council until 1989 and in 1967 served as vice-president of the Institute of Metals. In 1968 she was fundamental to the First International Conference on Titanium in London. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Paul J. Gemperline (born 1955) is an American analytical chemist and chemometrician. He is a Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at East Carolina University (ECU) located in Greenville, North Carolina and has been the recipient of several scientific awards, including the 2003 Eastern Analytical Symposium Award in Chem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the enthalpy and entropy are roughly constant as temperature varies over a certain range, then the Van 't Hoff plot is approximately linear when plotted over that range. However, in some cases the enthalpy and entropy do change dramatically with temperature. A first-order approximation is to assume that the two diff... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The chemistry of the Mg ion, as applied to enzymes, uses the full range of this ions unusual reaction chemistry to fulfill a range of functions. Mg interacts with substrates, enzymes, and occasionally both (Mg may form part of the active site). In general, Mg interacts with substrates through inner sphere coordination,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first swords known so far date to ca. the 33rd to 31st centuries BCE, during the Early Bronze Age, and have been founds at Arslantepe by Marcella Frangipane of Sapienza University of Rome. A cache of nine swords and daggers was found; they are cast from an arsenic–copper alloy. Analysis of two swords showed a coppe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In aquatic toxicology multiple databases exist and each generally pertains to a single aspect of aquatic toxicology such as PCBs, tissue residues or sediment toxicity. Other informational and regulatory databases on toxicology in general are maintained by the U.S. EPA, USGS, United States Army Corps of Engineers and th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The method of transport of endocannabinoids through the cell membrane and cytoplasm to their respective degradation enzymes has been rigorously debated for nearly two decades, and a putative endocannabinoid membrane transporter was proposed. However, as lipophilic molecules endocannabinoids readily pass through the cel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
# Fung, Y.C. (1960). "Fluctuating Lift and Drag Acting on a Cylinder in a Flow at Supercritical Reynolds Numbers," J. Aerospace Sci., 27 (11), pp. 801–814.
# Roshko, A. (1961). "Experiments on the flow past a circular cylinder at very high Reynolds number," J. Fluid Mech., 10, pp. 345–356.
# Jones, G.W. (1968). "Aerody... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PIPES has two pKa values. One pKa (6.76 at 25 °C) is near the physiological pH which makes it useful in cell culture work. Its effective buffering range is 6.1-7.5 at 25 °C. The second pKa value is at 2.67 with a buffer range of from 1.5-3.5. PIPES has been documented minimizing lipid loss when buffering glutaraldehyd... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Australian rangelands cover approximately 75% of the nations land mass. Characteristically arid and semi arid the rangelands offer wide variations in climate, land and soil. The pastoral industry and particularly pastoral practices equate to 60% of rangeland usage. Subsequently, Australias 25.5 million beef cattle gene... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cytochemical research aims to study individual cells that may contain several cell types within a tissue. It takes a nondestructive approach to study the localization of the cell. By remaining the cell components intact, researcher are able to study the intact cell activity rather than studying an isolated biochemical ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Professor David Todd at Pomona College was testing the dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol or 4-methylcyclohexanol and unexpectedly interrupted the alkene distillation midway to have lunch with his secretary, Evelyn Jacoby. After lunch, he continued his distillation but kept the early products separate from the comple... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ghiorso invented numerous techniques and machines for isolating and identifying heavy elements atom-by-atom. He is generally credited with implementing the multichannel analyzer and the technique of recoil to isolate reaction products, although both of these were significant extensions of previously understood concepts... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The lower-limit size of a coffee ring depends on the time scale competition between the liquid evaporation and the movement of suspended particles. When the liquid evaporates much faster than the particle movement near a three-phase contact line, coffee ring cannot be formed successfully. Instead, these particles wil... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are endogenous viral elements in the genome that closely resemble and can be derived from retroviruses. They are abundant in the genomes of jawed vertebrates, and they comprise up to 5–8% of the human genome (lower estimates of ~1%).
ERVs are a vertically inherited proviral sequence and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One theme of research in evolutionary developmental biology ("evo-devo") is investigating the role of enhancers and other cis-regulatory elements in producing morphological changes via developmental differences between species. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The 2-norbornyl cation can be made by a multitude of synthetic routes. These routes can be grouped into three different classes: σ Formation, π Formation, and Formation by Rearrangement. Each of these is discussed separately below. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
GaN is a very hard (Knoop hardness 14.21 GPa), mechanically stable wide-bandgap semiconductor material with high heat capacity and thermal conductivity. In its pure form it resists cracking and can be deposited in thin film on sapphire or silicon carbide, despite the mismatch in their lattice constants. GaN can be dope... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
(+)-Discodermolide has also been found to be neuroprotective in recent Alzheimer research. The microtubule-stabilizing feature of (+)-discodermolide was used to restore neuron functions that have been disrupted by the amyloid induced sequestration. Tau protein is known to stabilize the microtubule network in healthy ne... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A key component of a hydrological transport model is the surface runoff element, which allows assessment of sediment, fertilizer, pesticide and other chemical contaminants. Building on the work of Horton, the unit hydrograph theory was developed by Dooge in 1959. It required the presence of the National Environmental P... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The reaction mechanism of decomposition of diazocarbonyl compounds with copper begins with the formation of a copper carbene complex. Evidence for the formation of copper carbenes is provided by comparison to the behavior of photolytically generated free carbenes and the observation of appreciable enantioselectivity in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Charles Roger Slack (22 April 1937 – 24 October 2016) was a British-born plant biologist and biochemist who lived and worked in Australia (1962–1970) and New Zealand (1970–2000). In 1966, jointly with Marshall Hatch, he discovered C4 photosynthesis (also known as the Hatch Slack Pathway). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Saltmod accepts four different reservoirs, three of which are in the soil profile:
# a surface reservoir
# an upper (shallow) soil reservoir or root zone
# an intermediate soil reservoir or transition zone
# a deep reservoir or aquifer.
The upper soil reservoir is defined by the soil depth from which water can evaporat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Archaeometallurgical scientific knowledge and technological development originated in numerous centers of Africa; the centers of origin were located in West Africa, Central Africa, and East Africa; consequently, as these origin centers are located within inner Africa, these archaeometallurgical developments are thus na... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Solenoidal has its origin in the Greek word for solenoid, which is σωληνοειδές (sōlēnoeidēs) meaning pipe-shaped, from σωλην (sōlēn) or pipe. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thixotropy is a time-dependent shear thinning property. Certain gels or fluids that are thick or viscous under static conditions will flow (become thinner, less viscous) over time when shaken, agitated, shear-stressed, or otherwise stressed (time-dependent viscosity). They then take a fixed time to return to a more vis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In three dimensions, there are an infinite number of point groups, but all of them can be classified by several families.
* C (for cyclic) has an n-fold rotation axis.
** C is C with the addition of a mirror (reflection) plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (horizontal plane).
** C is C with the addition of n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In continuum mechanics, including fluid dynamics, an upper-convected time derivative or Oldroyd derivative, named after James G. Oldroyd, is the rate of change of some tensor property of a small parcel of fluid that is written in the coordinate system rotating and stretching with the fluid.
The operator is specified b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Kirkendall effect is the motion of the interface between two metals that occurs as a consequence of the difference in diffusion rates of the metal atoms. The effect can be observed for example by placing insoluble markers at the interface between a pure metal and an alloy containing that metal, and heating to a tem... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Recombinant DNA vectors function as carriers of the foreign DNA. Plasmids are small, closed-circular DNA molecules that exist from the chromosomes of their host. Their replication is to be under stringent control (low copy number) or relaxed (high copy number). The restriction sites, called the multiple cloning site or... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wastewater pollutants discharged by iron and steel mills includes gasification products such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, cyanide, ammonia, phenols and cresols, together with a range of more complex organic compounds known collectively as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Treatment technologies include re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In genetics, shotgun sequencing is a method used for sequencing random DNA strands. It is named by analogy with the rapidly expanding, quasi-random shot grouping of a shotgun.
The chain-termination method of DNA sequencing ("Sanger sequencing") can only be used for short DNA strands of 100 to 1000 base pairs. Due to th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pores that are not of the same size will fill at different values of pressure, with the smaller ones filling first. This difference in filling rate can be a beneficial application of capillary condensation. Many materials have different pore sizes with ceramics being one of the most commonly encountered. In materials w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The S−H bond in thiols is weak compared to the O−H bond in alcohols. For CHX−H, the bond enthalpies are for X = S and for X = O. Hydrogen-atom abstraction from a thiol gives a thiyl radical with the formula RS, where R = alkyl or aryl. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For electrolyte solution in a channel with a macro- or micro-scaled radius, surface charges at the wall attract counterions and repel co-ions due to electrostatic force. Therefore, an electrical double layer exists between the wall of channel and the solution. The dimension of the electrical double layer is determined ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a seminal work, G. I. Taylor found the criterion for instability in the presence of viscous forces both experimentally and theoretically. In general, viscous forces are found to postpone the onset of instability, predicted by Rayleigh's criterion. The stability is characterized by three parameters, namely, , and a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In books on elementary kinetic theory one can find results for dilute gas modeling that are used in many fields. Derivation of the kinetic model for shear viscosity usually starts by considering a Couette flow where two parallel plates are separated by a gas layer. The upper plate is moving at a constant velocity to th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There is an increasing trend of using ICP-MS as a tool in speciation analysis, which normally involves a front end chromatograph separation and an elemental selective detector, such as AAS and ICP-MS. For example, ICP-MS may be combined with size exclusion chromatography and preparative native PAGE for identifying and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The development of the temperature profile in the flow is driven by heat transfer determined conditions on the inside surface of the pipe and the fluid. Heat transfer may be a result of a constant heat flux or constant surface temperature. Constant heat flux may be caused by joule heating from a heat source, like heat ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Barlow's formula (called "Kesselformel" in German) relates the internal pressure that a pipe can withstand to its dimensions and the strength of its material.
This approximate formula is named after Peter Barlow, an English mathematician.
where
: : internal pressure,
: : allowable stress,
: : wall thickness,
: : out... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Genetic data has been accumulated in databases. Researchers are able to utilize algorithms to decipher the data accessible from databases for the discovery of new processes, targets, and products. The following are databases and tools:
* GenBank database provides genomic datasets for analysis.
* UCSC Genome Browser
* A... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rhizobia bind to host specific lectins present in root hairs which together with Nod factors lead to the formation of nodulation. Nod factors are recognized by a specific class of receptor kinases that have LysM domains in their extracellular domains. The two LysM (lysin motif) receptor kinases (NFR1 and NFR5) that ap... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Corepressor proteins also bind to the surface of the ligand binding domain of nuclear receptors, but through a LXXXIXXX(I/L) motif of amino acids (where L = leucine, I = isoleucine and X = any amino acid). In addition, compressors bind preferentially to the apo (ligand free) form of the nuclear receptor (or possibly a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ePaint is a less-toxic alternative to conventional antifouling marine paints that generates hydrogen peroxide.
Photocatalysis of organic reactions by polypyridyl complexes, porphyrins, or other dyes can produce materials inaccessible by classical approaches. Most photocatalytic dye degradation studies have employed . T... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to Brownian motion particles randomly move through the liquid. And hence better transport of heat.
Although it was originally believed that the fluid motions resulting from Brownian motion of the nanoparticles could explain the enhancement in heat transfer properties, this hypothesis was later rejected. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In this regime, the benefit of flexibility is most pronounced. The characteristic plate length is significantly longer than the characteristic depth to which the plate is submerged beneath the water line. As a result, the narrowing column above the plate is negligible, which the additional displacement of water due to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermoresponsive polymers can be used as stationary phase in liquid chromatography. Here, the polarity of the stationary phase can be varied by temperature changes, altering the power of separation without changing the column or solvent composition. Thermally related benefits of gas chromatography can now be applied to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acetals, imines, and enamines can be converted back into ketones by treatment with excess water under acid-catalyzed conditions: ; ; . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methyl isocyanate is a colorless, poisonous, lachrymatory (tearing agent), flammable liquid. It is soluble in water to 6–10 parts per 100 parts, but it also reacts with water (see Reactions below).
It has a refractive index of 1.363 with a wavelength of 589 nm at a temperature of 20 °C | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jason S. Lewis was born and raised in Horndean, Hampshire, England. Lewis received his Bachelor of Science in chemistry, B.Sc. from the University of Essex in 1992. He received his Master of Science in chemistry from the University of Essex in 1993.
In 1996, he received his Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry at the U... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The primary structure of RiAFP (the sequence may be found [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/313766639 here]) determined by Mass Spectroscopy, Edman degradation and by constructing a partial cDNA sequence and PCR have shown that a TxTxTxT internal repeat exists. Sequence logos constructed from the RiAFP internal rep... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mound is left to rest for several months before planting, although some advise immediate planting.
Anything can be grown on the raised beds, but if the bed will decompose/release its nutrients quickly (so long as it is not made of bulky materials like tree trunks), more demanding crops such as pumpkins, zucchini, c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The C-terminal domain, also known as ropB-CTD, is a carboxy terminalligand-binding domain made of amino acids 56–280. RopB-CTD houses 5 TPR motifs and attaches to the SIP peptide in the innermost part of the SIP binding pocket in a sequence-specific manner without induction of polymerization. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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