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In contrast to elution chromatography, solutes separated in displacement mode form sharp-edged zones rather than spreading peaks. Zone boundaries in displacement chromatography are self-sharpening: if a molecule for some reason gets ahead of its band, it enters a zone in which it is more strongly retained, and will the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cellulose dissolves in aqueous solutions of , and zinc-cellulose complexes have been detected. Cellulose also dissolves in molten hydrate and carboxylation and acetylation performed on the cellulose polymer. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, an imidic acid is any molecule that contains the -C(=NH)-OH functional group. It is the tautomer of an amide and the isomer of an oxime.
The term "imino acid" is an obsolete term for this group that should not be used in this context because it has a different molecular structure.
Imidic acids can be form... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Dvornic, Petar R., and Jacovic S. Milhailo. "The Viscosity Effect on Autoacceleration of the Rate of Free Radical Polymerization". Wiley InterScience. 6 December 2007. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The relatively low intensity of the ionizing VUV radiation guarantees one-photon processes, in other words only one, fixed energy photon will be responsible for photoionization. The energy balance of photoionization comprises the internal energy and the adiabatic ionization energy of the neutral as well as the photon e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a form of functional cardiac imaging, used for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. The underlying principle is, under conditions of stress, diseased myocardium receives less blood flow than normal myocardium. MPI is one of several types of cardiac stress test. As a nuclear str... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) occurs when atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia by a nitrogenase enzyme. The overall reaction for BNF is:
The process is coupled to the hydrolysis of 16 equivalents of ATP and is accompanied by the co-formation of one equivalent of . The conversion of into ammonia occurs at ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Installation effects such as insufficient straight pipe, exceptional pipe roughness or smoothness, elbows, valves, tees and reducers causes the flow conditions within the pipe to vary from the reference conditions. How these installation effects impact the meter is very important since devices which create upstream ins... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Even if there is no oxygen present, glycolysis can continue to generate ATP. However, for glycolysis to continue to produce ATP, there must be NAD+ present, which is responsible for oxidizing glucose. This is achieved by recycling NADH back to NAD+. When NAD+ is reduced to NADH, the electrons from NADH are eventually t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A study from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, where researchers deleted gD-2 from the herpes virus, which is responsible for HSV microbes entering in and out of cells showed as of May 1, 2018 the same vaccine can be used in a modified way to contain hemagglutinin and invoke a special ADCC immune response.
The W... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The method was originally investigated by Otto Rosenheim while examining and improving on the methods by German British chemist Otto Hehner
(1853–1924) that was used to detect formaldehyde in milk by adding sulphuric acid, which produced a blue ring. Acree noticed the reaction's similarities with the Adamkiewicz react... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many ancient cultures, including those in Australia, China, Egypt, Greece and India, independently discovered the useful properties of fungi and plants in treating infections. These treatments often worked because many organisms, including many species of mould, naturally produce antibiotics. However, ancient practitio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CRISPR-associated transposons are similar to the Tn7 transposon which functions with a cut and paste mechanism. It contains a heteromeric transposase consisting of TnsA and TnsB proteins, and a regulator protein TnsC. Structural analysis has shown binding of the TnsB protein and sequence specific motifs on the ends of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are two main assaying techniques: heterogeneous and homogeneous. If two lanthanide chelates are used in the analysis one after the other—it is called heterogeneous assaying. The first analyte is linked to a specific binding agent on a solid support such as a polymer and then another reaction couples the first poo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The GFP bestows several annual or biennial awards, alone or jointly with the [https://www.societechimiquedefrance.fr/Polymeres-et-materiaux.html SCF] or the SFP:
* Polymer Thesis Award of the Education Commission of the GFP (annual)
* Polymer Division Award, jointly awarded with the SCF, recognizing an early career sci... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chloromethyl methyl ether (CMME) is a compound with formula CHOCHCl. A colorless liquid, it is a chloroalkyl ether. It is used as an alkylating agent. In organic synthesis, it is used for introducing the methoxymethyl ether (MOM) protecting group, and is thus often called MOM-Cl or MOM chloride. It also finds applic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Assuming that and Taylor expanding the second exact perturbation theory expression to the second order, one gets the approximation
Note that the first term is the expected value of the energy difference, while the second is essentially its variance. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photoexcitation is the mechanism of electron excitation by photon absorption, when the energy of the photon is too low to cause photoionization. The absorption of the photon takes place in accordance with Planck's quantum theory.
Photoexcitation plays role in photoisomerization. Photoexcitation is exploited in dye-sens... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbon-carbon bond activation reactions have numerous applications in organic synthesis, materials science, and pharmaceuticals. In organic synthesis, these reactions are used to construct complex molecules in a highly efficient and selective manner. For example, in 2021 Dong Group described the first enantioselective ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plastic Pipes are classified by their ring stiffness. The preferred stiffness classes as described in several product standards are: SN2, SN4, SN8 and SN16, where SN is Nominal Stiffness (kN/m2). Stiffness of pipes is important if they are to withstand external loadings during installation. The higher the figure, the s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, AD-mix is a commercially available mixture of reagents that acts as an asymmetric catalyst for various chemical reactions, including the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of alkenes. The two letters AD, stand for asymmetric dihydroxylation. The mix is available in two variations, "AD-mix α" ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* US/NATO Military specification - MIL-H-8446
* Boeing Seattle - BMS3-11
* Boeing Long Beach - DMS2014
* Boeing Long Island - CDS5478
* Lockheed - LAC C-34-1224
* Airbus Industrie - NSA307110
* British Aerospace - BAC M.333.B
* Bombardier - BAMS 564-003
* SAE - Ac974
* SAE - AS1241
* Skydrol | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Teck Cominco smelter, also known as the Teck Cominco Lead-Zinc Smelter, Cominco Smelter, and Trail smelter located in Trail, British Columbia, Canada, is the largest integrated lead-zinc smelter of its kind in the world. It is situated approximately north of the border between British Columbia, Canada and Washingt... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The stability of the Keggin structure allows the metals in the anion to be readily reduced. Depending on the solvent, acidity of the solution and the charge on the α-Keggin anion, it can be reversibly reduced in one- or multiple-electron steps. For example, the silicotungstate anion can be reduced a −20 state. Some ani... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In its basic form, mounds are constructed by piling logs, branches, plant waste, compost and additional soil directly on the ground. The pile has the form of a pyramid. (Note—Wheaton suggests piling the wood higglety-pigletty rather than in a neat stack as shown, for structural engineering of the steep slope, or perpen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Converting a mixture of H and CO into aliphatic products is a multi-step reaction with several intermediate compounds. The growth of the hydrocarbon chain may be visualized as involving a repeated sequence in which hydrogen atoms are added to carbon and oxygen, the C–O bond is split and a new C–C bond is formed.
For on... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hypothermia has played a major role in the success or failure of many military campaigns, from Hannibals loss of nearly half his men in the Second Punic War (218 B.C.) to the near destruction of Napoleons armies in Russia in 1812. Men wandered around confused by hypothermia, some lost consciousness and died, others shi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phenolic compounds are mostly found in vascular plants (tracheophytes) i.e. Lycopodiophyta (lycopods), Pteridophyta (ferns and horsetails), Angiosperms (flowering plants or Magnoliophyta) and Gymnosperms (conifers, cycads, Ginkgo and Gnetales).
In ferns, compounds such as kaempferol and its glucoside can be isolated f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Bradford assay, a colorimetric protein assay, is based on an absorbance shift of the dye Coomassie brilliant blue G-250. The Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 dye exists in three forms: anionic (blue), neutral (green), and cationic (red). Under acidic conditions, the red form of the dye is converted into its blue fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The development of the Isa Process tank house technology at CRL eliminated the whole process and cost of producing the starter sheets by using stainless-steel permanent cathodes. It also included substantial automation of the process of inserting the permanent cathodes into the electrolytic cells and their subsequent r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Magnesium oxalate has been found naturally near Mill of Johnston, which is located close to Insch in northeast Scotland. This naturally occurring magnesium oxalate is called glushinskite and occurs at the lichen/rock interface on serpentinite as a creamy white layer mixed in with the hyphae of the lichen fungus. A scan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The FDA Table of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Drug Labeling lists FDA-approved drugs with pharmacogenomic information found in the drug labeling. "Biomarkers in the table include but are not limited to germline or somatic gene variants (polymorphisms, mutations), functional deficiencies with a genetic etiology, gene e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alkenyl- and alkynylaluminates are most commonly generated through the addition of n-butyllithium to the alkenylalane. The alkenyl and alkynyl groups, which are better able to stabilize negative charge, are transferred in preference to the alkyl group. When these intermediates react with alkyl halides, functionalized o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A storm drain, storm sewer (United Kingdom, U.S. and Canada), surface water drain/sewer (United Kingdom), or stormwater drain (Australia and New Zealand) is infrastructure designed to drain excess rain and ground water from impervious surfaces such as paved streets, car parks, parking lots, footpaths, sidewalks, and ro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several of the isotope systems involved in radiometric dating depend on IRMS using thermal ionization of a solid sample loaded into the source of the mass spectrometer (hence thermal ionization mass spectrometry, TIMS). These methods include rubidium–strontium dating, uranium–lead dating, lead–lead dating and samarium–... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another benefit of using conductive polymers as a coating for neural devices is the ease of synthesis and flexibility in processing. Conducting polymers can be directly "deposited onto electrode surfaces with precisely controlled morphologies". There are two current ways conducting polymers can be deposited onto electr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In general, industrial routes to carboxylic acids differ from those used on a smaller scale because they require specialized equipment.
* Carbonylation of alcohols as illustrated by the Cativa process for the production of acetic acid. Formic acid is prepared by a different carbonylation pathway, also starting from met... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is hypothetically possible that two different conformers in equilibrium could react through transition states that are equal in energy. In this case, product selectivity would depend only on the distribution of ground-state conformers. In this case, both conformers would react at the same rate. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is a method of chemical analysis that uses the intensity of light emitted from a flame, plasma, arc, or spark at a particular wavelength to determine the quantity of an element in a sample. The wavelength of the atomic spectral line in the emission spectrum gives the identity of the e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The process of elongation is the synthesis of a copy of the DNA into messenger RNA. RNA Pol II matches complementary RNA nucleotides to the template DNA by Watson-Crick base pairing. These RNA nucleotides are ligated, resulting in a strand of messenger RNA.
Unlike DNA replication, mRNA transcription can involve multipl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The heat and mass analogy allows solutions for mass transfer problems to be obtained from known solutions to heat transfer problems. Its arises from similar non-dimensional governing equations between heat and mass transfer. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The production of recombinant monoclonal antibodies involves repertoire cloning, CRISPR/Cas9, or phage display/yeast display technologies. Recombinant antibody engineering involves antibody production by the use of viruses or yeast, rather than mice. These techniques rely on rapid cloning of immunoglobulin gene segment... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In Amphipholis squamata, bioluminescence has been observed to come from the spines emanating from the arms from photocytes within the spinal ganglia. Acetylcholine has been found to be able to stimulate the photocytes to produce light. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In common with recovery and recrystallisation, growth phenomena can be separated into continuous and discontinuous mechanisms. In the former the microstructure evolves from state A to B (in this case the grains get larger) in a uniform manner. In the latter, the changes occur heterogeneously and specific transformed an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
On-water reactions are a group of organic reactions that take place as an emulsion in water and have an unusual reaction rate acceleration compared with (i) the same reaction in an organic solvent, or (ii) the corresponding dry media reaction. This effect has been known for many years but in 2005 researchers in the g... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The course of the action potential can be divided into five parts: the rising phase, the peak phase, the falling phase, the undershoot phase, and the refractory period. During the rising phase the membrane potential depolarizes (becomes more positive). The point at which depolarization stops is called the peak phase. A... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The simple cubic Bravais lattice, with cubic primitive cell of side , has for its reciprocal a simple cubic lattice with a cubic primitive cell of side (or in the crystallographer's definition). The cubic lattice is therefore said to be self-dual, having the same symmetry in reciprocal space as in real space. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
IUPAC has published a "Comprehensive definition of the term oxidation state (IUPAC Recommendations 2016)". It is a distillation of an IUPAC technical report "Toward a comprehensive definition of oxidation state" from 2014. The current IUPAC Gold Book definition of oxidation state is:
and the term oxidation number is ne... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Check dams are usually less than high. and the center of the dam should be at least lower than its edges. This criterion induces a weir effect, resulting in increased water surface level upstream for some, if not all flow conditions. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Channel reconfiguration involves the physical modification of the stream. Depending on the scale of a project, a channel's cross-section can be modified, and meanders can be constructed through earthworks to achieve the target stream morphology. In the U.S., such work is frequently based on the Natural Channel Design (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Primary energy sources should not be confused with the energy system components (or conversion processes) through which they are converted into energy carriers. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most well-nourished people in industrialized countries have 4 to 5 grams of iron in their bodies (~38 mg iron/kg body weight for women and ~50 mg iron/kg body for men). Of this, about is contained in the hemoglobin needed to carry oxygen through the blood (around 0.5 mg of iron per mL of blood), and most of the rest (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The town of Cement was established in 1902 by the Pacific Portland Cement Company and was originally named after the large deposits of high-quality limestone rock deposits found in the area. This limestone was ideal for the lime that was needed for the production of Portland cement produced by the company at Cement.
En... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Enhanced growth and elevated photosynthetic amino acid is associated with plastidial adenylate kinase deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phenol–chloroform extraction is a liquid-liquid extraction technique in molecular biology used to separate nucleic acids from proteins and lipids. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A large number of chemical compounds are known to exhibit one or several liquid crystalline phases. Despite significant differences in chemical composition, these molecules have some common features in chemical and physical properties. There are three types of thermotropic liquid crystals: discotic, conic (bowlic), and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In aerosol mass spectrometry, one of the ionization techniques consists in firing a laser to individual droplets. These systems are called single particle mass spectrometers (SPMS). The sample may optionally be mixed with a MALDI matrix prior to aerosolization. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
At the time of the Industrial Revolution, the fact that each state had its own system of weights and measures became increasingly problematic. Serious work on a "scientific" system was started in France under Louis XVI, and completed in 1799 (after the French Revolution) with its implementation. The French population, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many valves are controlled manually with a handle attached to the stem. If the handle is turned ninety degrees between operating positions, the valve is called a quarter-turn valve. Butterfly, ball valves, and plug valves are often quarter-turn valves. If the handle is circular with the stem as the axis of rotation in ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In medicine, nephelometry is used to measure immune function. It is also used in clinical microbiology, for preparation of a standardized inoculum (McFarland suspension) for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Synthetic screen media is used where wear life is an issue. Large producers such as mines or huge quarries use them to reduce the frequency of having to stop the plant for screen deck maintenance. Rubber is also used as a very resistant high-impact screen media material used on the top deck of a scalper screen. To comp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A sand bath is a common piece of laboratory equipment made from a container filled with heated sand. It is used to evenly heat another container, most often during a chemical reaction.
A sand bath is most commonly used in conjunction with a hot plate or heating mantle. A beaker is filled with sand or metal pellets (c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Racemic tartaric acid can be prepared in a multistep reaction from maleic acid. In the first step, the maleic acid is epoxidized by hydrogen peroxide using potassium tungstate as a catalyst.
:HOCCHCOH + HO → OCH(COH)
In the next step, the epoxide is hydrolyzed.
:OCH(COH) + HO → (HOCH)(COH) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In second order reactions, the rate of reaction is proportional to the square of the concentration. By integrating this rate, it can be shown that the concentration of the reactant decreases following this formula:
We replace for in order to calculate the half-life of the reactant and isolate the time of the half-l... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dale Raymond Corson (April 5, 1914 – March 31, 2012) was an American physicist and academic administrator who was the eighth president of Cornell University. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SAMP can be prepared in six steps from (S)-proline, and RAMP can be prepared in six steps from (R)-glutamic acid.
<br /> | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Structural considerations play an important role in the proper design of copper applications. The primary concern is about thermal effects: movement and stresses related to temperature variations. Thermal effects can be accommodated by preventing movement and resisting cumulative stresses or by allowing movement at pre... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Soil amendments such as fertilizers and manures can cause soil acidification. Sulfur based fertilizers can be highly acidifying, examples include elemental sulfur and iron sulfate while others like potassium sulfate have no significant effect on soil pH. While most nitrogen fertilizers have an acidifying effect, ammon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The η-notation is encountered in many coordination compounds:
*Side-on bonding of molecules containing σ-bonds like H:
**W(CO)(PPr)(η-H)
*Side-on bonded ligands containing multiple bonded atoms, e.g. ethylene in Zeise's salt or with fullerene, which is bonded through donation of the π-bonding electrons:
**K[PtCl(η-CH)]... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Highly malignant tumors rely heavily on anaerobic glycolysis (metabolism of glucose to lactic acid even under ample tissue oxygen; Warburg effect) and thus need to efflux lactic acid via MCTs to the tumor micro-environment to maintain a robust glycolytic flux and to prevent the tumor from being "pickled to death". The ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
HRM analysis is performed on double stranded DNA samples. Typically the user will use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prior to HRM analysis to amplify the DNA region in which their mutation of interest lies. In the sample tube there are now many copies of the DNA region of interest. This region that is amplified is kno... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One of the earliest steps towards atomic physics was the recognition that matter was composed
of atoms. It forms a part of the texts written in 6th century BC to 2nd century BC, such as those of Democritus or written by . This theory was later developed in the modern sense of the basic unit of a chemical element by th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Family-based, adoption, and twin studies have indicated that there is a strong (50%) heritable component to vulnerability to substance abuse addiction.
Especially among genetically vulnerable individuals, repeated exposure to a drug of abuse in adolescence or adulthood causes addiction by inducing stable downregulation... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The vaporizing droplet (droplet vaporization) problem is a challenging issue in fluid dynamics. It is part of many engineering situations involving the transport and computation of sprays: fuel injection, spray painting, aerosol spray, flashing releases… In most of these engineering situations there is a relative motio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alkyl-lithium compounds are stored under inert gas to prevent loss of activity and for reasons of safety. n-BuLi reacts violently with water:
:CHLi + HO → CH + LiOH
This is an exergonic and highly exothermic reaction. If oxygen is present the butane produced may ignite.
BuLi also reacts with CO to give lithium pentanoa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A bow wave is the wave that forms at the bow of a ship when it moves through the water. As the bow wave spreads out, it defines the outer limits of a ship's wake. A large bow wave slows the ship down, is a risk to smaller boats, and in a harbor can damage shore facilities and moored ships. Therefore, ship hulls are gen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Enantioselective benzylic functionalization methods use the complexed chromium tri(carbonyl) moiety essentially as a chiral auxiliary. Approach of the functionalizing reagent anti to the ----chromium tri(carbonyl) fragment leads to a single diastereomer of the product complex. After removal of the chromium group with l... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
By using the S&S algorithm, mutations and genes that cause many different forms of cancer have been discovered. For example, genes causing commonly occurring cancers including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, leukemia, head and neck cancers, prostate cancer, retinoblastoma, squamous cell carcinoma, gas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many metal alkoxides thermally decompose in the range ≈100–300 °C. Depending on process conditions, this thermolysis can afford nanosized powders of oxide or metallic phases. This approach is a basis of processes of fabrication of functional materials intended for aircraft, space, electronic fields, and chemical indust... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When choosing a suitable sewage treatment process, decision makers need to take into account technical and economical criteria. Therefore, each analysis is site-specific. A life cycle assessment (LCA) can be used, and criteria or weightings are attributed to the various aspects. This makes the final decision subjective... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some semicarbazones, such as nitrofurazone, and thiosemicarbazones are known to have anti-viral and anti-cancer activity, usually mediated through binding to copper or iron in cells. Many semicarbazones are crystalline solids, useful for the identification of the parent aldehydes/ketones by melting point analysis.
A t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The model was initially developed by Gross&Harris and Gormont, the basic idea is as follows:
The onset of dynamic stall is assumed to occur at
where is the critical AoA of dynamic stall, is static stall AoA and is given by
where is the time derivative of AoA, is the blade chord, and is the free-stream velocity. T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As an example, in a typical pump-probe experimental apparatus, an attosecond (XUV-SXR) pulse and an intense ( W/cm) low-frequency infrared pulse with a time duration of few to tens femtoseconds are collinearly focused on the studied sample.
At this point, by varying the delay of the attosecond pulse, which could be pum... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP or MPTP; also referred to as PTP, mTP or MTP) is a protein that is formed in the inner membrane of the mitochondria under certain pathological conditions such as traumatic brain injury and stroke. Opening allows increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial memb... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When there is a stimulus, the CRP level can increase 10,000-fold from less than 50 μg/L to more than 500 mg/L. Its concentration can increase to 5 mg/L by 6 hours and peak at 48 hours. The plasma half-life of CRP is 19 hours, and is constant in all medical conditions. Therefore, the only factor that affects the blood C... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Amoxicillin is an antibiotic medication belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family. The drug is used to treat bacterial infections such as middle ear infection, strep throat, pneumonia, skin infections, odontogenic infections, and urinary tract infections. It is taken by mouth, or less commonly by ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Of primary interest among the intracellular components are microbial enzymes: catalase, amylase, protease, pectinase, cellulase, hemicellulase, lipase, lactase, streptokinase and many others. Recombinant proteins, such as insulin, hepatitis B vaccine, interferon, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, streptokinase and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Gaia hypothesis (), also known as the Gaia theory, Gaia paradigm, or the Gaia principle, proposes that living organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings on Earth to form a synergistic and self-regulating, complex system that helps to maintain and perpetuate the conditions for life on the planet.
The Gaia ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Initiation of translation in bacteria involves the assembly of the components of the translation system, which are: the two ribosomal subunits (50S and 30S subunits); the mature mRNA to be translated; the tRNA charged with N-formylmethionine (the first amino acid in the nascent peptide); guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The MONIAC Computer built in 1949 was a fluid-based analogue computer used for teaching economic principles as it could recreate complex simulations that digital computers could not at the time. Twelve to fourteen were built and acquired by businesses and teaching establishments.
The FLODAC Computer was built in 1964 a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Custom capture panels tailored to specific cancer types or personalized selectors were utilized in EPIC-seq. The capture panels targeted transcription start site regions of genes of interest. Enrichment for EPIC-seq was performed following established laboratory protocols. Subsequently, hybridization captures were pool... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Methanethiol – CHSH [methyl mercaptan]
* Ethanethiol – CHSH [ethyl mercaptan]
* 1-Propanethiol – CHSH [n-propyl mercaptan]
* 2-Propanethiol – CHCH(SH)CH [2C3 mercaptan]
* Allyl mercaptan CH=CHCHSH [2-propenethiol]
* Butanethiol – CHSH [n-butyl mercaptan]
* tert-Butyl mercaptan – (CH)CSH [t-butyl mercaptan]
* Pentanet... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with pseudoephedrine therapy include central nervous system stimulation, insomnia, nervousness, excitability, dizziness and anxiety. Infrequent ADRs include tachycardia or palpitations. Rarely, pseudoephedrine therapy may be associated with mydriasis (dilated pupils), hal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Combining plants and fish in a RAS is referred to as aquaponics. In this type of system ammonia produced by the fish is not only converted to nitrate but is also removed by the plants from the water. In an aquaponics system fish effectively fertilize the plants, this creates a closed looped system where very little was... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ClSOH reacts violently with water to yield sulfuric acid and hydrogen chloride, commonly seen as vapors fuming from the liquid:
:ClSOH + HO → HSO + HCl
Precautions should be taken, such as proper ventilation associated with HCl. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Edwin "Ed" Vedejs was born in Riga, Latvia to Velta (nee Robežnieks) and Nikolajs Vedējs. Not long after his birth, the German occupation of Latvia during World War II occurred followed by the Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944. These events forced his family to settle in the Fischbach Displaced Persons camp in Ger... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Any protein that can be split into two parts and reconstituted non-covalently to form a functional protein may be used in a PCA. The two fragments however have low affinity for each other and must be brought together by other interacting proteins fused to them (often called "bait" and "prey" since the bait protein can ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Museomics is the study of genomic data obtained from ancient DNA (aDNA) and historic DNA (hDNA) specimens in museum collections.
Early research in this area focused on short sequences of DNA from mitochondrial genes, but sequencing of whole genomes has become possible.
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and high-throughp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A report of leaks above the project was released in January 2011 by an advocacy group on behalf of owners of land above the project. They reported ponds fizzing with bubbles, dead animals found near those ponds, sounds of explosions which they attributed to gas blowing out holes in the walls of a quarry. The report sa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A gooseneck (or goose neck) is a 180° pipe fitting at the top of a vertical pipe that prevents entry of water. Common implementations of goosenecks are ventilator piping or ducting for bathroom and kitchen exhaust fans, ship holds, landfill methane vent pipes, or any other piping implementation exposed to the weather w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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