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*Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park – Singapore
*Potsdamer Platz – Berlin, Germany
*Arkadien Winnenden – Germany
*Tianjin Cultural Park – China
*Holalokka – Oslo, Norway
*McLaren Technology Centre – London, UK
*Pforzheim Water Playground – Germany
*Tanner Springs Park – Portland, USA
*Lanferbach – Gelsenkirchen, Germany
*Maybach C... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, a gravity current or density current is a primarily horizontal flow in a gravitational field that is driven by a density difference in a fluid or fluids and is constrained to flow horizontally by, for instance, a ceiling. Typically, the density difference is small enough for the Boussinesq approximat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Folch solution is a solution containing chloroform and methanol, usually in a 2:1 (vol/vol) ratio. One of its uses is in separating polar from nonpolar compounds, for example separating nonpolar lipids from polar proteins and carbohydrates in blood serum. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In soils, it is assumed that larger amounts of phenols are released from decomposing plant litter rather than from throughfall in any natural plant community. Decomposition of dead plant material causes complex organic compounds to be slowly oxidized lignin-like humus or to break down into simpler forms (sugars and am... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PKA helps transfer/translate the dopamine signal into cells in the nucleus accumbens, which mediates reward, motivation, and task salience. The vast majority of reward perception involves neuronal activation in the nucleus accumbens, some examples of which include sex, recreational drugs, and food. Protein Kinase A sig... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Despite its simplicity, Dulong–Petit law offers fairly good prediction for the heat capacity of many elementary solids with relatively simple crystal structure at high temperatures. This agreement is because in the classical statistical theory of Ludwig Boltzmann, the heat capacity of solids approaches a maximum of 3R ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because of their low vapour pressure, PCBs accumulate primarily in the hydrosphere, despite their hydrophobicity, in the organic fraction of soil, and in organisms including the human body. The hydrosphere is the main reservoir. The immense volume of water in the oceans is still capable of dissolving a significant quan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ethane-1,2-dithiol is made commercially by the reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane with aqueous sodium bisulfide. In the laboratory, it can also be prepared by the action of 1,2-dibromoethane on thiourea followed by hydrolysis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The determination of viscosity is based on Poiseuille's law:
where t is the time it takes for a volume V to elute. The ratio depends on R as the capillary radius, on the average applied pressure P, on its length L and on the dynamic viscosity η.
The average pressure head is given by:
with ρ the density of the liquid, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Unlike end point PCR (conventional PCR), real time PCR allows monitoring of the desired product at any point in the amplification process by measuring fluorescence (in real time frame, measurement is made of its level over a given threshold). A commonly employed method of DNA quantification by real-time PCR relies on p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An organic superconductor is a synthetic organic compound that exhibits superconductivity at low temperatures.
As of 2007 the highest achieved critical temperature for an organic superconductor at standard pressure is , observed in the alkali-doped fullerene RbCsC.
In 1979 Klaus Bechgaard synthesized the first organic ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are about 20,000 known lichen species. But what is meant by "species" is different from what is meant by biological species in plants, animals, or fungi, where being the same species implies that there is a common ancestral lineage. Because lichens are combinations of members of two or even three different biolog... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The potential of using cell microencapsulation in successful clinical applications can be realized only if several requirements encountered during the development process are optimized such as the use of an appropriate biocompatible polymer to form the mechanically and chemically stable semi-permeable matrix, productio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrogen was initially thought to be toxic based on experiments by Lavoisier, however, the purity of the hydrogen was taken into question when later experiments discovered hydrogen to effectively treat measles in the 1790s.
* factitious air (Boyle)
* hydrogene – means "water former" from hydro- and gene-
* inflammable ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following are synthetic gemstones that were developed by Tairus scientists; they are alternately referred to as Tairus stones (e.g. "Tairus Ruby").
*Floating zone ruby, synthesized in 1991 (no longer in production)
*Hydrothermal ruby, synthesized in 1992 by Alexander Dokukin.
*Hydrothermal aquamarine, synthesized i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The advent of inexpensive microarray experiments created several specific bioinformatics challenges: the multiple levels of replication in experimental design (Experimental design); the number of platforms and independent groups and data format (Standardization); the statistical treatment of the data (Data analysis); m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The bond dipole moment uses the idea of electric dipole moment to measure the polarity of a chemical bond within a molecule. It occurs whenever there is a separation of positive and negative charges.
The bond dipole μ is given by:
The bond dipole is modeled as δ — δ with a distance d between the partial charges ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In foods, stabilizers prevent spoilage. Classes of food stabilizers include emulsifiers, thickeners and gelling agents, foam stabilizers, humectants, anticaking agents, and coating agents. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pipefitters should not be confused with pipelayers. Both trades involve pipe and valves and both use some of the same tools. However, pipelayers usually work outside, laying pipe underground or on the seabed, whereas pipefitters typically work inside, installing piping in buildings, aeroplanes, or ships. One author sum... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
1) [https://www.springer.com/chemistry/electrochemistry/book/978-0-387-28429-3 N4 Macrocyclic Metal Complexes]. J.H. ZAGAL, F. Bedioui, J.P. Dodelet (Eds), Springer New York ( 2006).
* [http://editorial.usach.cl/content/electroqu%C3%ADmica-voltametr%C3%ADas-sobre-electrodo-s%C3%B3lido Electroquímica: voltametrías sobre... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the assembly of integrated circuit packages to printed circuit boards, a head-in-pillow defect (HIP or HNP), also called ball-and-socket, is a failure of the soldering process. For example, in the case of a ball grid array (BGA) package, the pre-deposited solder ball on the package and the solder paste applied to th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In electrochemistry, the Randles–Ševčík equation describes the effect of scan rate on the peak current for a cyclic voltammetry experiment. For simple redox events such as the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple, depends not only on the concentration and diffusional properties of the electroactive species but also on scan ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In medicine, actinic effects are generally described in terms of the dermis or outer layers of the body, such as eyes (see: Actinic conjunctivitis) and upper tissues that the sun would normally affect, rather than deeper tissues that higher-energy shorter-wavelength radiation such as x-ray and gamma might affect. Actin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since at least the mid-2000s, there has been intensifying interest in developing short interfering RNAs for biomedical and therapeutic applications. Bolstering this interest is a growing number of experiments which have successfully demonstrated the clinical potential and safety of small RNAs for combatting diseases ra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tests have shown some toxins near blooms can be in the air and thereby be inhaled, which could affect health. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Users can design a rAAV vector to any target genomic locus and perform both gross and subtle endogenous gene alterations in mammalian somatic cell-types. These include gene knock-outs for functional genomics, or the ‘knock-in’ of protein tag insertions to track translocation events at physiological levels in live cells... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Blueprint reading
* Detailing
* CAD drawing coordinators
* Layout
* Pipe threading
* Pipe grinding
* Plasma cutting
* Gas arc cutting
* Rigging
* Brazing
* Soldering
* Mitering
* Tube bending
* Valve installation and repair
* Mechanical pipe cutting and grooving
* Supports and hanger installation
* Preparation and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid thermodynamics, a heat transfer fluid is a gas or liquid that takes part in heat transfer by serving as an intermediary in cooling on one side of a process, transporting and storing thermal energy, and heating on another side of a process. Heat transfer fluids are used in countless applications and industrial ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In one variation of the Reformatsky reaction an iodolactam is coupled with an aldehyde with triethylborane in toluene at -78 °C. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because a large portion of the pairs of a and b contain zeros in one or both conditions, they are impossible to plot as-is on a log scale. Other MA plotting functions artificially include these condition-unique points in the plot by spreading them vertically as a "smear" on the left or horizontally as a "[https://web.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Soxhlet extractor has three main sections: a percolator (boiler and reflux) which circulates the solvent, a thimble (usually made of thick filter paper) which retains the solid to be extracted, and a siphon mechanism, which periodically empties the condensed solvent from the thimble back into the percolator. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aliphatic nitro compounds can be synthesized by various methods; notable examples include:
*Free radical nitration of alkanes. The reaction produces fragments from the parent alkane, creating a diverse mixture of products; for instance, nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-nitropropane, and 2-nitropropane are produced by treat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chromosome jumping library is different from chromosome walking due to the manipulations executed before the cloning step. In order to construct the library of chromosome jumping, individual clones originate from random points in the genome (general jumping libraries first basic protocol) or from the termini of specifi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Known implementations of the hydrothermal HCl regeneration processes include the PORI process (1974 for J&L Steel, dismantled) and the optimized SMS Demag wet process (2008 for ThyssenKrupp Steel, under construction). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the lone pairs of electrons on the oxygens at the anomeric center of 2-methoxypyran are shown, then a brief examination of the conformations of the anomers reveal that the β-anomer always has at least one pair of eclipsing (coplanar 1,3-interacting) lone pairs, this n-n repulsion is a high energy situation. On the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mitochondrial intermembrane space is the space between the outer membrane and the inner membrane. It is also known as perimitochondrial space. Because the outer membrane is freely permeable to small molecules, the concentrations of small molecules, such as ions and sugars, in the intermembrane space is the same as ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In hydrothermal liquefaction processes, long carbon chain molecules in biomass are thermally cracked and oxygen is removed in the form of HO (dehydration) and CO (decarboxylation). These reactions result in the production of high H/C ratio bio-oil. Simplified descriptions of dehydration and decarboxylation reactions ca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many inhibitors of glycosyltransferases are known. Some of these are natural products, such as moenomycin, an inhibitor of peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases, the nikkomycins, inhibitors of chitin synthase, and the echinocandins, inhibitors of fungal β-1,3-glucan synthases. Some glycosyltransferase inhibitors are of us... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Each candidate CRM (cCRM) is cloned upstream of a reporter gene. Compared to traditional reporter assays, the main innovation is the use of fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) of dissociated cells, instead of microscopy, to screen for tissue-specific enhancers. This approach utilizes a two-marker system: in each... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This section summarizes the coefficients for some common materials.
For isotropic materials the coefficients linear thermal expansion α and volumetric thermal expansion α are related by .
For liquids usually the coefficient of volumetric expansion is listed and linear expansion is calculated here for comparison.
For co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A typical reaction with dissolution involves a weak base, B, dissolving in an acidic aqueous solution.
This reaction is very important for pharmaceutical products. Dissolution of weak acids in alkaline media is similarly important.
The uncharged molecule usually has lower solubility than the ionic form, so solubility d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metal ions and metallic compounds are often used in medical treatments and diagnoses. Compounds containing metal ions can be used as medicine, such as lithium compounds and auranofin. Metal compounds and ions can also produce harmful effects on the body due to the toxicity of several types of metals. For example, arsen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
LaNi is an intermetallic compound with a CaCu structure. It belongs to the hexagonal crystal system. It can be oxidized by air above 200 °C, and react with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid above 20 °C. LaNi can be used as a catalyst for hydrogenation reactions. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many catabolic biochemical processes, such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and beta oxidation, produce the reduced coenzyme NADH. This coenzyme contains electrons that have a high transfer potential; in other words, they will release a large amount of energy upon oxidation. However, the cell does not release this... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A magnesium(I) dimer is a molecular compound containing a magnesium to magnesium bond (Mg-Mg), giving the metal an apparent +1 oxidation state.
Alkaline earth metals are commonly found in the +2-oxidation state, such as magnesium. The M are considered as redox-inert, meaning that the +2 state is significant. However, r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A crystal net is an infinite molecular model of a crystal. Similar models existed in Antiquity, notably the atomic theory associated with Democritus, which was criticized by Aristotle because such a theory entails a vacuum, which Aristotle believed nature abhors. Modern atomic theory traces back to Johannes Kepler and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
GIS in environmental contamination is the use of GIS software in mapping out the contaminants in soil and water using the spatial interpolation tools from GIS. Spatial interpolation allows for more efficient approach to remediation and monitoring of soil and water contaminants. Soil and water contamination by metals ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Each class of product may undergo different types of preclinical research. For instance, drugs may undergo pharmacodynamics (what the drug does to the body) (PD), pharmacokinetics (what the body does to the drug) (PK), ADME, and toxicology testing. This data allows researchers to allometrically estimate a safe starti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Viktor Trkal considered the Beltrami flows without any external forces in 1919 for the scalar function , i.e.,
Introduce the following separation of variables
then the equation satisfied by becomes
The Chandrasekhar–Kendall functions satisfy this equation. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) is a non-
linear process in which the energy difference of a pair of incoming photons
matches the energy of the vibrational mode of a molecular bond of interest.
This phonon population is coherently probed by a third photon and anti-
Stokes radiation is emitted. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Well-known acyl compounds are the acyl chlorides, such as acetyl chloride (CHCOCl) and benzoyl chloride (CHCOCl). These compounds, which are treated as sources of acylium cations, are good reagents for attaching acyl groups to various substrates. Amides (RC(O)NR′) and esters (RC(O)OR′) are classes of acyl compounds, as... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mechanical spalling occurs at high-stress contact points, for example, in a ball bearing. Spalling occurs in preference to brinelling, where the maximal shear stress occurs not at the surface, but just below, shearing the spall off.
One of the simplest forms of mechanical spalling is plate impact, in which two waves of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ordinarily, Miller indices are always integers by definition, and this constraint is physically significant. To understand this, suppose that we allow a plane (abc) where the Miller "indices" a, b and c (defined as above) are not necessarily integers.
If a, b and c have rational ratios, then the same family of planes c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Life consists of reproduction with (heritable) variations. NASA defines life as "a self-sustaining chemical system capable of [[evolution|Darwinian [i.e., biological] evolution]]." Such a system is complex; the last universal common ancestor (LUCA), presumably a single-celled organism which lived some 4 billion years a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sala was appointed as a personal physician of Count Anton Günther of Oldenburg who also appointed Sala as supervisor of the pharmacy system in the state of Oldenburg. In 1620 Sala went to Hamburg as a medical chemist. In June of that year, he became a personal physician of Count Ernst von Holstein-Schaumburg. In 1622,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) is the most widespread technique for analyzing codon usage bias. As opposed to other measures of codon usage bias, such as the effective number of codons (Nc), which measure deviation from a uniform bias (null hypothesis), CAI measures the deviation of a given protein coding gene seque... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alternative U-to-C mRNA editing was first reported in WT1 (Wilms Tumor-1) transcripts, and non-classic G-A mRNA changes were first observed in HNRNPK (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K) transcripts in both malignant and normal colorectal samples. The latter changes were also later seen alongside non-classic U-t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A single viscosity measurement at a constant speed in a typical viscometer is a measurement of the instrument viscosity of a fluid (not the apparent viscosity). In the case of non-Newtonian fluids, measurement of apparent viscosity without knowledge of the shear rate is of limited value: the measurement cannot be compa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An agrochemical or agrichemical, a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a chemical product used in industrial agriculture. Agrichemical refers to biocides (pesticides including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and nematicides) and synthetic fertilizers. It may also include hormones and other chemical growth age... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another advantage of poly(pseudo)rotaxanes is the ability for long-term release of drugs or genes. Some polyrotaxanes can used to form a physical hydrogel, which is called supramolecular hydrogel. In these cases, a three-dimensional physically crosslinked network formed by the poly(pseudo)rotaxanes, can be obtained, wh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tairus (, a portmanteau of Тайско (Thai) and Русский (Russian)) is a synthetic gemstone manufacturer. It was formed in 1989 as part of Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika initiative to establish a joint venture between the Russian Academy of Sciences and Tairus Created Gems Co Ltd. of Bangkok, Thailand. Today Tairus is a m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neuroproteomics is the study of the protein complexes and species that make up the nervous system. These proteins interact to make the neurons connect in such a way to create the intricacies that nervous system is known for. Neuroproteomics is a complex field that has a long way to go in terms of profiling the entire... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Starting point for the Woodward synthesis was the hydroquinone 1 that was converted to cis-bicycle 2 in a Diels-Alder reaction with butadiene. Conversion to the desired trans isomer 5 was accomplished by synthesis of the sodium enolate salt 4 (benzene, sodium hydride) followed by acidification. Reduction (lithium alumi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, into a family of some wealth and notability. His undergraduate education began in 1938 when he enrolled to study natural sciences at Charles University. His studies were interrupted the following year when universities were shuttered under the German occupation. Working under the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Georges Urbain (12 April 1872 – 5 November 1938) was a French chemist, a professor of the Sorbonne, a member of the Institut de France, and director of the Institute of Chemistry in Paris. Much of his work focused on the rare earths, isolating and separating elements such as europium and gadolinium, and studying their... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The 2-O-methylation of the ribose moiety is one of the most common RNA modifications and is present in diverse highly abundant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and at the 5 cap of mRNAs. Moreover, many studies have revealed that Nm at 3’-end is presented in some ncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) in plants as well as PIWI-inte... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The MARHy Hypersonic low density Wind Tunnel, located at the ICARE Laboratory in Orléans, France, is a research facility used extensively for fundamental and applied research of fluid dynamic phenomena in rarefied compressible flows, applied to space research. Its name is an acronym for Mach Adaptable Rarefied Hyperson... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidine is a metabolite in the purine metabolism, formed by the hydrolysis of GTP by GTP cyclohydrolase II. Alternatively two separate enzymes can carry out this reaction, initially GTP cyclohydrolase IIa hydrolyses the 8,9 bond to form 2-Amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phosph... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Marine sediments represent the main sites of OM degradation and burial in the ocean, hosting microbes in densities up to 1000 times higher than found in the water column. The DOC concentrations in sediments are often an order of magnitude higher than in the overlying water column. This concentration difference results ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The number of adatoms present on a surface is temperature dependent. The relationship between the surface adatom concentration and the temperature at equilibrium is described by equation 4, where n is the total number of surface sites per unit area:
This can be extended to find the equilibrium concentration of other ty... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) is an "NIH-funded resource that provides information about how human genetic variation affects response to medications. PharmGKB collects, curates and disseminates knowledge about clinically actionable gene-drug associations and genotype-phenotype relationships." | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Density stratification has significant effect on diffusion in fluids. For example, smoke which is coming from a chimney diffuses turbulently if the earth atmosphere is not stably stratified. When the lower air is in stable condition, as in morning or early evening, the smoke comes out and become flat into a long, thin ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
FeMoco ( cofactor) is the primary cofactor of nitrogenase. Nitrogenase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen molecules N into ammonia (NH) through the process known as nitrogen fixation. Studying FeMoco's role in the reaction mechanism for nitrogen fixation is a potential use case for quan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alloys of vanadium, nickel, and titanium have a high hydrogen solubility, and can therefore absorb significant amounts of hydrogen. This can lead to hydride formation, resulting in irregular volume expansion and reduced ductility (because metallic hydrides are fragile ceramic materials). This is a particular issue when... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thunderstorms can produce a brief pulse of gamma radiation called a terrestrial gamma-ray flash. These gamma rays are thought to be produced by high intensity static electric fields accelerating electrons, which then produce gamma rays by bremsstrahlung as they collide with and are slowed by atoms in the atmosphere. Ga... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since both boundary conditions for are almost equal to one, one would expect the solution for to slightly deviate from unity. The corresponding scales for and can be derived from the self-similar equations. Therefore,
To the first order approximation(neglecting ), the self-similar equation becomes
with exact solu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, down their electrochemical gradient. An important example is the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the movement of hydrogen ions (H) across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis.
Hydrogen ions, or protons... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The stomach contents can also be analyzed. This can help with the post-mortem interval identification by looking at the stage of digestion. The contents can also be analyzed for drugs or poisons to help determine a cause of death if it is unknown. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chirality timeline presents a timeline of landmark events that unfold the developments happened in the field of chirality.
Many molecules come in two forms that are mirror images of each other, just like our hands. This type of molecule is called chiral. In nature, one of these forms is usually more common than the oth... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plants have evolved many secondary metabolites involved in plant defense, which are collectively known as antiherbivory compounds and can be classified into three sub-groups: nitrogen compounds (including alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates and benzoxazinoids), terpenoids, and phenolics.
Alkaloids are deri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It has been revealed by unclassified official sources that Fogbank was originally manufactured in Facility 9404-11 of the Y-12 National Security Complex in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, from 1975 until 1989, when the final batch of W76 warheads was completed. After that, the facility was deactivated, and finally slated for dec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
These proteins were originally characterized by their capacity to induce oncogenic transformation in a specific cell culture system, rat kidney fibroblasts. Application of the transforming growth factors to normal rat kidney fibroblasts induces the cultured cells to proliferate and overgrow, no longer subject to the no... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 (eIF2) is an eukaryotic initiation factor. It is required for most forms of eukaryotic translation initiation. eIF2 mediates the binding of tRNA to the ribosome in a GTP-dependent manner. eIF2 is a heterotrimer consisting of an alpha (also called subunit 1, EIF2S1), a beta (subunit 2, EIF... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The extraction cells consist of hollow bodies with inlets and outlets of liquid connection. The cells are first filled with the liquid chosen to be the stationary phase. Under rotation, the pumping of the mobile phase is started, which enters the cells from the inlet. When entering the flow of mobiles phase forms small... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In recent years Raman-SEC has become an important tool in the study of electrochemical processes and in the characterization of many molecules, providing specific in situ information about them. Some applications are:
* Materials: Raman-SEC is widely used in the study and characterization of new materials, such as gra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first rule holds that a double-stranded DNA molecule, globally has percentage base pair equality: A% = T% and G% = C%. The rigorous validation of the rule constitutes the basis of Watson–Crick base pairs in the DNA double helix model. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Satoyasu Iimori (19 October 1885 – 13 October 1982) was a Japanese analytical chemist and a pioneer of radiochemistry. He is so called "the father of radiochemistry in Japan", for his establishment of and contribution to the study of radiochemistry which was not developed at that time in Japan.
He was an honorary resea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Entropic gravity, as proposed by Verlinde in his original article, reproduces the Einstein field equations and, in a Newtonian approximation, a potential for gravitational forces. Since its results do not differ from Newtonian gravity except in regions of extremely small gravitational fields, testing the theory with e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although all commercially available DBU is produced synthetically, it may also be isolated from the sea sponge Niphates digitalis. The biosynthesis of DBU has been proposed to begin with adipaldehyde and 1,3-diaminopropane. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Needham and Lu's third justification for taking poisonous elixirs is a drug-induced "temporary death", possibly a trance or coma. In the classic legend (above) about Wei Boyang drinking an elixir of immortality, he appears to die, subsequently revives, and takes more elixir to achieve immortality.
The Baopuzi describes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the highly versatile and widely used Evans’ Aldol Reaction, allylic strain played a major role in the development of the reaction. The Z enolate was created to avoid the allylic strain with oxazolidinone. The formation of a specific enolate enforces the development of relative stereochemistry throughout the reaction... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In industrial process, the control of the quality of process water can be critical to the quality of the end product. Water is often used as a carrier of reagents and the loss of reagent to product must be continuously monitored to ensure that correct replacement rate. Parameters measured relate specifically to the pr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Dunaverney (1050–910 BC) and Little Thetford (1000–701 BC) flesh-hooks have been shown to be made using a lost-wax process. The Little Thetford flesh-hook, in particular, employed distinctly inventive construction methods. The intricate Gloucester Candlestick (1104–1113 AD) was made as a single-piece wax model, the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform (flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force. They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to them.
Although the term fluid generally includes both ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Inoculate MacConkey's (Glucose phosphate broth) with pure culture of test organism. Incubate the broth at 35 °C for 48–72 hours.
After incubation add 5 drops of methyl red directly into the broth, through the sides of the tube. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrates are ionic compounds that have absorbed water. They are named as the ionic compound followed by a numerical prefix and -hydrate. The numerical prefixes used are listed below (see IUPAC numerical multiplier):
# mono-
# di-
# tri-
# tetra-
# penta-
# hexa-
# hepta-
# octa-
# nona-
# deca-
For example, CuSO·5HO is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The antibodies from lymphocyte secretions (ALS) assay is an immunological assay to detect active diseases like tuberculosis, cholera, typhoid etc. Recently, ALS assay nods the scientific community as it is rapidly used for diagnosis of Tuberculosis. The principle is based on the secretion of antibody from in vivo acti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Scarlett was born 11 July 1938 in Biddulph, Staffordshire, England.
He attended Wolstanton Grammar School and the University of Durham, gaining a BSc in physics in 1959. By 1964 Scarlett had earned a PhD from the same institution, having also migrated from Hatfield College to University College for his doctoral studies... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most common physical methods used to lyse, kill, and remove cells from the matrix of a tissue through the use of temperature, force and pressure, and electrical disruption. Temperature methods are often used in a rapid freeze-thaw mechanism. By quickly freezing a tissue, microscopic ice crystals form around the pla... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fung's famous exponential strain constitutive equation for preconditioned soft tissues is
with
quadratic forms of Green-Lagrange strains and , and material constants. is a strain energy function per volume unit, which is the mechanical strain energy for a given temperature. Materials that follow this law are known... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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