text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
Guldberg has found that a rough estimate of the normal boiling point T, when expressed in kelvins (i.e., as an absolute temperature), is approximately two-thirds of the critical temperature T. Lydersen uses this basic idea but calculates more accurate values. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chiral ligands are useful for inducing asymmetry within the coordination sphere. Often the ligand is employed as an optically pure group. In some cases, such as secondary amines, the asymmetry arises upon coordination. Chiral ligands are used in homogeneous catalysis, such as asymmetric hydrogenation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
More accurate description of double layer interactions can be put forward on the primitive model. This model treats the electrostatic and hard-core interactions between all individual ions explicitly. However, it includes the solvent only in a "primitive" way, namely as a dielectric continuum. This model was studied in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1996, he was highly commended by the then Sri Lanka Cricket Board in becoming of great assistance to them, as single-handedly, Perera accepted and satisfactorily completed its highly technical assignment to streamline the rules and regulations governing 2, 3 and 4-day Division – 1, Division – 2 and under 24 Major To... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The process of mechanical alloying involves the production of a composite powder particles by:
# Using a high energy mill to favor plastic deformation required for cold welding and reduce the process times
# Using a mixture of elemental and master alloy powders (the latter to reduce the activity of the element, since i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
These properties of the genetic code make it more fault-tolerant for point mutations. For example, in theory, fourfold degenerate codons can tolerate any point mutation at the third position, although codon usage bias restricts this in practice in many organisms; twofold degenerate codons can withstand silence mutation... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hellmut Friedrich Fischmeister (14 May 1927 – 6 November 2019) was an Austrian metallurgist who was a pioneer in powder metallurgy. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Boyle was born at Lismore Castle, in County Waterford, Ireland, the seventh son and fourteenth child of The 1st Earl of Cork (the Great Earl of Cork) and Catherine Fenton. Lord Cork, then known simply as Richard Boyle, had arrived in Dublin from England in 1588 during the Tudor plantations of Ireland and obtained an ap... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Astrophysical fluid dynamics applies fluid dynamics and its equations to the movement of the fluids in space. The applications are different from regular fluid mechanics in that nearly all calculations take place in a vacuum with zero gravity.
Most of the interstellar medium is not at rest, but is in supersonic motion ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a nuclear medicine imaging technique using gamma rays. It may be used with any gamma-emitting isotope, including Tc. In the use of technetium-99m, the radioisotope is administered to the patient and the escaping gamma rays are incident upon a moving gamma camera whi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fast Lic ( FLIC)
The computation can be significantly accelerated by re-using parts of already computed field lines, specializing to a box function as convolution kernel and avoiding redundant computations during convolution. The resulting fast LIC method can be generalized to convolution kernels that are arbitrary po... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*2023 Peter R. Griffiths
*2022 Martin Zanni
*2021 Rohit Bhargava
*2020 Volker Deckert
*2019 Ji-Xin Cheng
*2018 Peter Hamm
*2017 Roberto Merlin
*2016 Thomas Elsaesser
*2013 Xiaoliang Sunney Xie
*2012 Keith A. Nelson
*2011 Isao Noda
*2009 Michael D. Fayer
*2008 Richard P. Van Duyne
*2007 Jonatha... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It has been observed that the stereoelectronic environment at the β-carbon of can also direct asymmetric induction. A number of predictive models have evolved over the years to define the stereoselectivity of such reactions. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In interferometric microscopy, the image of a micro-object is synthesized numerically as a coherent combination
of partial images with registered amplitude and phase.
For registration of partial images, a conventional holographic set-up is used with a reference wave, as is usual in optical holography. Capturing multipl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Liddle is known for his work on The Periodic Table of Videos, a series of videos from the University of Nottingham presented on YouTube, which feature educational vignettes on the periodic table.
He is executive producer for Chemistry at Manchester Explains Research Advances (CAMERA), a series of videos from the Univer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) techniques have been in use since 1984 to detect protein-DNA interactions. There have been many variations on ChIP to improve the quality of results. One such improvement, ChIP-on-chip (ChIP-chip), combines ChIP with microarray technology. This technique has limited sensitivity and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
1916 - A.M. Butlerov Small Prize of the Russian Physics and Chemistry Society (for the research on the composition of oil of plant species of the same family)
1953 - Order of Lenin
1954 - Prize of the D.I. Mendeleev All-Union Chemical Society | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fischer's lab team designed the material by building compounds made of individual copper and aluminum atoms. For this superatom, a mixture of aluminium atoms complexed with pentamethylcyclopentadiene (Cp*) and copper atoms complexed with mesitylene (Mes) were combined in an inert atmosphere.
:[AlCp*] + [CuMes] → [CuAl]... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The area of hypoxic bottom water that occurs for several weeks each summer in the Gulf of Mexico has been mapped most years from 1985 through 2017. The size varies annually from a record high in 2017 when it encompassed more than 22,730 square kilometers (8,776 square miles) to a record low in 1988 of 39 square kilome... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Amino acids are a key nutrient in ecosystems. Some are essential to animals, meaning that these organisms cannot synthesize them de novo. Instead, animals rely on their diet to acquire these molecules, creating strong interdependencies between animals and organisms with complete amino acid synthesis capabilities. In a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Strickland Landis Kneass was a civil engineer, experimenter, and author, with many accomplishments involving railroading. Kneass began publishing a mathematical model of the physics of the injector, which he had verified by experimenting with steam. A steam injector has three primary sections:
*Steam nozzle, a diverg... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gestonorone caproate was first described in 1960. It was developed by Schering and has been marketed since at least 1968. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Erwin Nick Hiebert (May 27, 1919 – November 28, 2012) was a Canadian-American physical chemist and professor of the history of science. He was the president of the History of Science Society for a two-year term from 1973 to 1974. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pseudouridine, or Ψ, the overall most abundant post-translational RNA modification, is created when a uridine base is isomerised. In eukaryotes, this can occur by either of two distinct mechanisms; it is sometimes referred to as the ‘fifth RNA nucleotide’. It is incorporated into stable non-coding RNAs such as tRNA, rR... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In an idealized system, all nuclei in a given chemical environment, in a magnetic field, precess with the same frequency. However, in real systems, there are minor differences in chemical environment which can lead to a distribution of resonance frequencies around the ideal. Over time, this distribution can lead to a d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The electrical double layer can be regarded as behaving like a parallel plate capacitor with a compressible dielectric filling. When sound waves induce a local pressure variation, the spacing of the plates varies at the frequency of the excitation, generating an AC displacement current normal to the interface. For prac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Titan tholins are nitrogen-rich organic substances produced by the irradiation of the gaseous mixtures of nitrogen and methane found in the atmosphere and surface of Titan. Titan's atmosphere is about 97% nitrogen, 2.7±0.1% methane and the remaining trace amounts of other gases. In the case of Titan, the haze and orang... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tyrocinium Chymicum was a published set of chemistry lecture notes started by Jean Beguin in 1610 in Paris, France. It has been cited as the first chemistry textbook (as opposed to that for alchemy). Many of the preparations were pharmaceutical in nature. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to conduct DNA separation by silica adsorption, a sample (this may be anything from purified cells to a tissue specimen) is lysed, releasing proteins, DNA, phospholipids, etc. from the cells. The remaining tissue is discarded. The supernatant containing the DNA is then exposed to silica in a solution with high... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
may be used in combination with vibrational spectroscopy techniques to understand the origins of vibrations within crystals. The combination of techniques provides detailed information about crystal structures, similar to what can be achieved with x-ray crystallography. In addition to using computational methods for en... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The human asialoglycoprotein receptors composed of two units, H1 and H2. Each of these units have their N-terminus within the cytoplasm of a liver cell, and a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) on the extracellular side. The CRD functions to bind to asialoglycoproteins through a calcium ion-mediated interaction. In ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
D. C. Grahame modified the Stern model in 1947. He proposed that some ionic or uncharged species can penetrate the Stern layer, although the closest approach to the electrode is normally occupied by solvent molecules. This could occur if ions lose their solvation shell as they approach the electrode. He called ions in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For diamagnetic molecules at moderate field strengths, molecules have little preference in orientation, the tumbling samples a nearly isotropic distribution, and average dipolar couplings goes to zero. Actually, most molecules have preferred orientations in the presence of a magnetic field, because most have anisotropi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the underlying infertility is related to abnormalities in spermatogenesis, it is plausible, but too early to examine that male offspring are at higher risk for sperm abnormalities.
IVF does not seem to confer any risks regarding cognitive development, school performance, social functioning, and behaviour. Also, IVF ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Strained cyclooctenes and other activated alkenes react with tetrazines in an inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder followed by a retro [4+2] cycloaddition (see figure). Like the other reactions of the trans-cyclooctene, ring strain release is a driving force for this reaction. Thus, three-membered and four-membered cyc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In molecular biology, an interactome is the whole set of molecular interactions in a particular cell. The term specifically refers to physical interactions among molecules (such as those among proteins, also known as protein–protein interactions, PPIs; or between small molecules and proteins) but can also describe sets... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
These two pathways, with the same effect on RuBisCO, evolved a number of times independently – indeed, C alone arose 62 times in 18 different plant families. A number of pre-adaptations seem to have paved the way for C, leading to its clustering in certain clades: it has most frequently developed in plants that alread... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biogas is a renewable energy that is a byproduct of the anaerobic digestion process.
Treated effluent can be used for agricultural or landscape irrigation. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Foams can form following the degradation of harmful algal blooms (HABs). These are primarily composed of algal species, but can also consist of dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. Biomass from algae in the bloom is integrated into sea foam in the sea surface microlayer. When the impacted sea foam breaks down, toxins fro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the context of scattering light on extended bodies, the scattering cross section, , describes the likelihood of light being scattered by a macroscopic particle. In general, the scattering cross section is different from the geometrical cross section of a particle, as it depends upon the wavelength of light and the p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gadolinium is given to patients for magnetic resonance imaging, or an MRI.It is used as a contrast agent for the exam to improve clarity of the images formed. However, it can react in the human body and have detrimental effects. Therefore, the agent should be removed. One of these gadolinium based agents is gadodiamide... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Uzer has more than 80 referenced Journal articles, in a number of highly respected scientific journals.
* [http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v48/p3414 appeared in PRE] Chaotic billiards with neutral boundaries
* [http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/253/5015/42 appeared in Science] Celestial Mechanics on a Mic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stable and transient transfection differ in their long term effects on a cell; a stably transfected cell will continuously express transfected DNA and pass it on to daughter cells, while a transiently transfected cell will express transfected DNA for a short amount of time and not pass it on to daughter cells.
For some... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A rheometer is a laboratory device used to measure the way in which a viscous fluid (a liquid, suspension or slurry) flows in response to applied forces. It is used for those fluids which cannot be defined by a single value of viscosity and therefore require more parameters to be set and measured than is the case for ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The GFP comprises 7 regional sections, covering different geographical areas of France (Grand Ouest, Nord, Ile de France, Est, Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne, Méditerranée, Sud Ouest). Each section elects a president who participates in the Administrative Council of the GFP. Organisation of national events (the Colloque national... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Formally, the Department of Chemistry has been created as a separate entity of Saint Petersburg State University (then Leningrad State University) in 1929. However, the history of chemistry at Saint Petersburg State University began much earlier. First chemistry laboratory and lectures in chemistry were introduced at t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Linear triatomic molecules owe their geometry to their sp or spd hybridised central atoms. Well-known linear triatomic molecules include carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN).
Xenon difluoride (XeF) is one of the rare examples of a linear triatomic molecule possessing non-bonded pairs of electrons on the centr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Boronic esters are oxidized to the corresponding alcohols with base and hydrogen peroxide (for an example see: carbenoid) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fatty acid oxidation also occurs in peroxisomes when the fatty acid chains are too long to be processed by the mitochondria. The same enzymes are used in peroxisomes as in the mitochondrial matrix and acetyl-CoA is generated. Very long chain (greater than C-22) fatty acids, branched fatty acids, some prostaglandins and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Initial CO injection rates in the Weyburn field amounted to ~5,000 tonnes/day or 95 million scf/day (2.7 million m3/d); this would otherwise have been vented to the atmosphere from the Dakota Gasification facility. At one point, CO injection by Cenovus at Weyburn was at ~6,500 tonnes per day. Apache Canada is injectin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Structure field maps (SFMs) or structure maps are visualizations of the relationship between ionic radii and crystal structures for representing classes of materials. The SFM and its extensions has found broad applications in geochemistry, mineralogy, chemical synthesis of materials, and nowadays in materials informati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although a number of surrogate biomarkers exist for measuring the metabolic products of bone resorption, the serum CTX marker was chosen because it is both highly correlated to bone turnover rate and already available for detection in a laboratory test carried out by a major lab testing corporation.
The CTX test measur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
JAKs range from 120-140 kDa in size and have seven defined regions of homology called Janus homology domains 1 to 7 (JH1-7). JH1 is the kinase domain important for the enzymatic activity of the JAK and contains typical features of a tyrosine kinase such as conserved tyrosines necessary for JAK activation (e.g., Y1038/Y... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Failures due to service or operation conditions includes using a component outside of its intended conditions, such as an impact force or a high load. It can also include failures due to unexpected conditions in usage, such as an unexpected contact point that causes wear and abrasion or an unexpected humidity level or ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Exorphins can cause various symptoms of schizophrenia if mutation occurs at a few selected loci. Genetic mutation at one of these loci can lead to increased absorption of exorphins via receptor mediated endocytosis. Another possibility from these particular loci is that catabolization of exorphins can be disrupted thus... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Ebrey, Walthall, Palais (2006). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
* Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 2; Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 3. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aziridine is an organic compound consisting of the three-membered heterocycle . It is a colorless, toxic, volatile liquid that is of significant practical interest. Aziridine was discovered in 1888 by the chemist Siegmund Gabriel. Its derivatives, also referred to as aziridines, are of broader interest in medicinal ch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The National Radon Action Plan, also known as NRAP, was created in 2014 and launched in 2015. It is led by The American Lung Association with collaborative efforts from the American Association of Radon Scientists and Technologists, American Society of Home Inspectors, Cancer Survivors Against Radon, Children's Environ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Similar to the polar sensitivity factor, the steric sensitivity factor δ for a new reaction series will describe to what magnitude the reaction rate is influenced by steric effects. When a reaction series is not significantly influenced by polar effects, the Taft equation reduces to:
A plot of the ratio of the rates v... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A thermodynamic system consisting of a single phase, in the absence of external forces, in its own state of internal thermodynamic equilibrium, is homogeneous. This means that the material in any region of the system can be interchanged with the material of any congruent and parallel region of the system, and the effec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nitrogen nucleophiles include ammonia, azide, amines, nitrites, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, carbazide, phenylhydrazine, semicarbazide, and amide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concept of an acid–base reaction was first proposed in 1754 by Guillaume-François Rouelle, who introduced the word "base" into chemistry to mean a substance which reacts with an acid to give it solid form (as a salt). Bases are mostly bitter in nature. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The H function can be approximated up to an order as
where are the zeros of Legendre polynomials and are the positive, non vanishing roots of the associated characteristic equation
where are the quadrature weights given by | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
9-Crown-3, also called 1,4,7-trioxonane or 1,4,7-trioxacyclononane is a crown ether with the formula (CHO). A colorless liquid, it is obtained in low yield by the acid-catalyzed oligomerization of ethylene oxide.
In contrast to larger crown ethers (12-crown-4, and 18-crown-6), 9-crown-3 has elicited very little inte... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chloromethane, also called methyl chloride, Refrigerant-40, R-40 or HCC 40, is an organic compound with the chemical formula . One of the haloalkanes, it is a colorless, sweet-smelling, flammable gas. Methyl chloride is a crucial reagent in industrial chemistry, although it is rarely present in consumer products, and w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Petasis reagent, named after Nicos A. Petasis, is an organotitanium compound with the formula CpTi(CH). It is an orange-colored solid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ethylene – π
In the most simple linear π systems, bonding to metals takes place by two interactions. Electron density is donated directly to the metal like a sigma bond would be formed. Also, the metal can donate electron density back to the linear π system (ethylene) from the metal's d orbital to the empty π* orbital ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Copper(II) borate can be prepared by heating a stoichiometric mixture of copper(II) oxide and diboron trioxide to 900 °C. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*1960–61 – Fulbright–Smith–Mundt Fellowship
*1962–63 – Harrison Fellowship at University of Pennsylvania
*1986 – Guggenheim Fellowship
*2000 – Sir Edward Frankland Prize Lectureship
*2009 – Invited Lectureship, 4th Mitsui International Catalysis Symposium (MICS-4), Kisarazu, Japan
*2010 – Order of Culture
*2010 – Perso... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Samy El-Shall (Mohamed Samy El-Shall) is an Egyptian-American physical chemist and a researcher in nanoscience, heterogeneous catalysis, molecular clusters and cluster ions, nucleation and ion mobility. He is the Mary Eugenia Kapp Endowed Chair in Chemistry and Commonwealth Professor at Virginia Commonwealth University... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) is an optical technique for sensing and analysis of gas located within porous and highly scattering solids, e.g. powders, ceramics, wood, fruit, translucent packages, pharmaceutical tablets, foams, human paranasal sinuses etc. It was introduced in 2001 by Prof. S... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PDE3a expression has been described as a biomarker for sensitivity for PDE3-inhibitor Zardaverine in different types of cancer. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Digital genetic sequences may be analyzed using the tools of bioinformatics to attempt to determine its function. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A reaction mixture
containing 1 ml of 0.05% O-Phenanthroline in methanol, 2 ml ferric chloride (200 M) and 2 ml of various concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 g was incubated at room temperature for 10 min and the absorbance of the same was measured at 510 nm. EDTA was used as a classical metal chelator. The experim... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A vortex is a region where the fluid flows around an imaginary axis.
For an irrotational vortex, the flow at every point is such that a small particle placed there undergoes pure translation and does not rotate.
Velocity varies inversely with radius in this case. Velocity will tend to at that is the reason for center... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Effect of turbulence on dispersion – turbulence increases the entrainment and mixing of unpolluted air into the plume and thereby acts to reduce the concentration of pollutants in the plume (i.e., enhances the plume dispersion). It is therefore important to categorize the amount of atmospheric turbulence present ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Vincenzo Balzani (born 15 November 1936 in Forlimpopoli, Italy) is an Italian chemist, now emeritus professor at the University of Bologna. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Human neuraminidase (hNEU) shares many similar features with vNEU. The human genome has four different neuraminidase enzymes (NEU1, NEU2, NEU3, NEU4) and only one of them (NEU2) is not membrane-associated or in a membrane-complex and has been studied with X-ray crystallography. The three arginine residues that bind the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemical analysis typically involves sampling some part of the environment and using lab equipment to figure out how much of a certain target compound exists. Chemical analysis may be used to assess pollution levels for remediation, or to make sure groundwater is safe for drinking.
Biological surveys typically includes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Researching jelly-falls relies on direct observational data such as video, photography, or benthic trawls. A complication with trawling for jelly-falls is the gelatinous carcass easily falls apart and as a result, opportunistic photography, videography, and chemical analysis have been primary methods of monitoring. Thi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photonic crystals allow precise control of electromagnetic wave properties. These materials give rise to the photonic bandgap (PBG). In the spectral range of the PBG, electromagnetic waves cannot propagate. Engineering these materials allows some ability to tailor their emission and absorption properties, allowing for ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. For example, an implant may be a rod, used to strengthen weak bones. Medical implants are human-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In diazo transfer certain carbon acids react with tosyl azide in the presence of a weak base like triethylamine or DBU. The byproduct is the corresponding tosylamide (p-toluenesulfonamide). This reaction is also called the Regitz diazo transfer. Examples are the synthesis of tert-butyl diazoacetate and diazomalonate.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Commercial tanning services are banned in all states, except the Northern Territory where no salons are in operation. Private ownership of tanning beds is permitted. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In Kinematical theory an approximation is made that the electrons are only scattered once. For transmission electron diffraction it is common to assume a constant thickness , and also what is called the Column Approximation (e.g. references and further reading). For a perfect crystal the intensity for each diffraction... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lithium burning is a nucleosynthetic process in which lithium is depleted in a star. Lithium is generally present in brown dwarfs and not in older low-mass stars. Stars, which by definition must achieve the high temperature (2.5 × 10 K) necessary for fusing hydrogen, rapidly deplete their lithium. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to defining molecule-framework interactions, COFs can be used as chemical sensors in a wide range of environments and applications. Properties of the COF change when their functionalities interact with various analytes enabling the materials to serve as devices in various conditions: as chemiresistive sensors, as w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first pass through the hepatic portal vein results in some of the drug being metabolized by O-demethylation into an active metabolite of dextromethorphan called dextrorphan, the 3-hydroxy derivative of dextromethorphan. The therapeutic activity of dextromethorphan is believed to be caused by both the drug and this ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most H-NMR experiments with deuterated phospholipids demonstrate that the presence of proteins has little effect on either the order parameter of the lipids in the bilayer or the lipid dynamics, as measured by relaxation times. The overall view resulting from NMR experiments is 1) that the exchange rate between boundar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Lehrbuch der Stereochemie . Fischer, Jena 1904 [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-19527 Digital edition] by the University and State Library Düsseldorf | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mass cytometry has research applications in medical fields including immunology, hematology, and oncology. It has been used in studies of hematopoiesis, cell cycle, cytokine expression, and differential signaling responses.
MC has been used in various research fields, such as cancer biology, immunology, and neuroscienc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, cyclopentanonide is a functional group which is composed of a cyclic ketal of a diol with cyclopentanone. It is seen in amcinonide (triamcinolone acetate cyclopentanonide). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that permanently changes genetic material, usually DNA, in an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many mutations can cause cancer in animals, such mutagens can therefore be carcinogens, although not all nece... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, isothiouronium is a functional group with the formula [RSC(NH)] (R = alkyl, aryl) and is the acid salt of isothiourea. The H centres can also be replaced by alkyl and aryl. Structurally, these cations resemble guanidinium cations. The CNS core is planar and the C–N bonds are short. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Using ostracod crustaceans as palaeoclimate proxies has been well established for the Quaternary. Not only their indicator species, but also the trace element and stable isotope geochemistry of their shells have been documented as evidence of past climate fluctuations. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dexmedetomidine may enhance the effects of other sedatives and anesthetics when co-administered. Similarly, drugs that lower blood pressure and heart rate, such as beta blockers, may also have enhanced effects when co-administered with dexmedetomidine. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Recognition of the field of Transition Engineering and Energy Transition Engineering started in 2010 when the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) Prestige Lecture in NZ was given by Associate Professor Susan Krumdieck, University of Canterbury.
In 2014 the engineering text book, "Principles of Sustainable E... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As of 2016, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency had conditionally registered, for a period of four years, only two nanomaterial pesticides as ingredients. The EPA differentiates nanoscale ingredients from non-nanoscale forms of the ingredient, but there is little scientific data about potential variation in toxici... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* (German) Richard van Basshuysen: Handbuch Verbrennungsmotor, Fred Schäfer; 3. Auflage; 2005; Vieweg Verlag | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2009, Erik Verlinde proposed a conceptual model that describes gravity as an entropic force. He argues (similar to Jacobsons result) that gravity is a consequence of the "information associated with the positions of material bodies". This model combines the thermodynamic approach to gravity with Gerard t Hoofts holo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.