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A typical bioreactor consists of following parts:
Agitator – Used for the mixing of the contents of the reactor which keeps the cells in the perfect homogenous condition for better transport of nutrients and oxygen to the desired product(s).
Baffle – Used to break the vortex formation in the vessel, which is usually h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Currently, there are 14 scientific divisions in the chemistry department:
* Analytical chemistry
* Chemistry of macromolecular compounds
* Chemistry of natural compounds
* Colloid chemistry
* Electrochemistry
* General and Inorganic chemistry
* Laser Chemistry and Laser Material Science
* Organic chemistry
* Physical c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In colloidal chemistry, flocculation is a process by which colloidal particles come out of suspension to sediment in the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended, under th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The plant immune system carries two interconnected tiers of receptors, one most frequently sensing molecules outside the cell and the other most frequently sensing molecules inside the cell. Both systems sense the intruder and respond by activating antimicrobial defenses in the infected cell and neighboring cells. In ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The bacteria R-M system has been proposed as a model for devising human anti-viral gene or genomic vaccines and therapies since the RM system serves an innate defense-role in bacteria by restricting tropism of bacteriophages. Research is on REases and ZFN that can cleave the DNA of various human viruses, including HSV-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lowthian Bell (1816–1904) was, like Abraham Darby, the forceful patriarch of an ironmaking dynasty. Both his son Hugh Bell and his grandson Maurice Bell were directors of the Bell iron and steel company. His father, Thomas Bell, was a founder of Losh, Wilson and Bell, an iron and alkali company. The firm had works at W... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
With her expertise on peptide synthesis, Photaki examined the biocatalytic properties and kinetics of enzyme active site analogues she prepared.
Another research topic she developed in the early part of her career was the chemical transformation of carbohydrates and glycosylated species, such as the stereoselective con... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glycosylation reactions are very important reactions in carbohydrate chemistry, leading to the synthesis of oligosaccharides, preferably in a stereoselective manner. The stereoselectivity of these reactions has been shown to be affected by both the nature and the configuration of the protecting group at C-2 on the glyc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CRTC2, initially called TORC2, is a transcriptional coactivator for the transcription factor CREB and a central regulator of
gluconeogenic gene expression in response to cAMP. CRTC2 is thought to drive tumorigenesis in STK11(LKB1)-null non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cytoplasmic abundant heat soluble (CAHS) proteins are highly expressed in response to desiccation. There are two hypotheses for their function in tardigrades. The vitrification hypothesis is the idea that, when a tardigrade becomes desiccated, the viscosity within its cells increases to the point that denaturation and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photochlorination is a chlorination reaction that is initiated by light. Usually a C-H bond is converted to a C-Cl bond. Photochlorination is carried out on an industrial scale. The process is exothermic and proceeds as a chain reaction initiated by the homolytic cleavage of molecular chlorine into chlorine radicals b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A key tool used to determine the stability of a flow is the Reynolds number (Re), first put forward by George Gabriel Stokes at the start of the 1850s. Associated with Osborne Reynolds who further developed the idea in the early 1880s, this dimensionless number gives the ratio of inertial terms and viscous terms. In a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since the diameter of the probing convergent beam is smaller than in the case of a parallel beam, most of the information in the CBED pattern is obtained from very small regions, which other methods cannot reach. For example, in Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), where a parallel beam illumination is used, the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In solid samarium(II) iodide, the metal centers are seven-coordinate with a face-capped octahedral geometry.
In its ether adducts, samarium remains heptacoordinate with five ether and two terminal iodide ligands. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Human skin is the first line of defense against many pathogens and can itself be subject to a variety of diseases and issues, such as cancers and inflammation. As such, skin-on-a-chip (SoC) applications include testing of topical pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, studying the pathology of skin diseases and inflammation, a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A biological pathway is a series of interactions among molecules in a cell that leads to a certain product or a change in a cell. Such a pathway can trigger the assembly of new molecules, such as a fat or protein. Pathways can also turn genes on and off, or spur a cell to move. Some of the most common biological path... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ascorbic acid is an organic compound with formula , originally called hexuronic acid. It is a white solid, but impure samples can appear yellowish. It dissolves freely in water to give mildly acidic solutions. It is a mild reducing agent.
Ascorbic acid exists as two enantiomers (mirror-image isomers), commonly denote... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte homeostasis is regulated by the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.
Renin, an enzyme released from the kidneys, converts the inactive plasma protein angiotensinogen into angiotensin I (Ang I). Then Ang I is converted to Ang II with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), see fig... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chlorophenol red is an indicator dye that changes color from yellow to violet in the pH range 5.4 to 6.8. The pH of a substance is determined by taking the negative logarithm of the Hydronium ion concentration and the indictor changes color due to the dissociation of H ions. The lambda max is at 572 nm. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mixtures relying on the use of acid base slushes are of limited practical value beyond producing melting point references as the enthalpy of dissolution for the melting point depressant is often significantly greater (e.g. ΔH -57.61 kJ/mol for KOH) than the enthalpy of fusion for water itself (ΔH 6.02 kJ/mol); for refe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kennedy became a professor of chemistry at the University of Florida in 1991. After 11 years, he moved to the University of Michigan. He has graduated approximately 80 graduate students. Kennedy’s research focuses on developing analytical instrumentation and methods that can help solve biological problems. He is consid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OOP) sequences correspond to paired gradient echo sequences using the same repetition time (TR) but with two different echo times (TE). This can detect even microscopic amounts of fat, which has a drop in signal on OOP compared to IP. Among renal tumors that do not show macroscopic fat, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pure zirconium dioxide undergoes a phase transformation from monoclinic (stable at room temperature) to tetragonal (at about 1173 °C) and then to cubic (at about 2370 °C), according to the scheme
: monoclinic (1173 °C) ↔ tetragonal (2370 °C) ↔ cubic (2690 °C) ↔ melt.
Obtaining stable sintered zirconia ceramic products ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chromosome walking can be used for the purpose of cloning a gene. It does this by using the known gene’s markers that are closest and can therefore be used in techniques like isolating DNA sequences and aiding in the sequencing and cloning of the DNA of organisms. Chromosome walking is also useful when it comes to fill... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although they are small, melt inclusions can provide an abundance of useful information. Using microscopic observations and a range of chemical microanalysis techniques geochemists and igneous petrologists can obtain a range of unique information from melt inclusions. There are various techniques used in analyzing mel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In some applications, such as the evaporation of spherical liquid droplets in air, the following correlation is used: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nathalie Helene Katsonis (born 22 February 1978 in Vienna, Austria) is a Professor of Active Molecular Systems at the Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen. In 2016 she was awarded the Royal Netherlands Chemical Society Gold Medal. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sonoporation, or cellular sonication, is the use of sound in the ultrasonic range for increasing the permeability of the cell plasma membrane. This technique is usually used in molecular biology and non-viral gene therapy in order to allow uptake of large molecules such as DNA into the cell, in a cell disruption proces... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1893, Werner was the first to propose correct structures for coordination compounds containing complex ions, in which a central transition metal atom is surrounded by neutral or anionic ligands.
For example, it was known that cobalt forms a "complex" hexamine cobalt (III) chloride, with formula CoCl•6NH, but the nat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polymersomes are synthetic versions of liposomes (vesicles with a lipid bilayer), made of amphiphilic block copolymers. They can encapsulate either hydrophilic or hydrophobic contents and can be used to deliver cargo such as DNA, proteins, or drugs to cells. Advantages of polymersomes over liposomes include greater sta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A number of public and private companies are competing to develop a full genome sequencing platform that is commercially robust for both research and clinical use, including Illumina, Knome, Sequenom,
454 Life Sciences, Pacific Biosciences, Complete Genomics,
Helicos Biosciences, GE Global Research (General Electric), ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A rupture disc, also known as a pressure safety disc, burst disc, bursting disc, or burst diaphragm, is a non-reclosing pressure relief safety device that, in most uses, protects a pressure vessel, equipment or system from overpressurization or potentially damaging vacuum conditions.
A rupture disc is a type of sacrifi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Distal promoter elements are regulatory DNA sequences that can be many kilobases distant from the gene that they regulate.
They can either be enhancers (increasing expression) or silencers (decreasing expression). They act by binding activator or repressor proteins (transcription factors) and the intervening DNA bends ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Jelly-falls are marine carbon cycling events whereby gelatinous zooplankton, primarily cnidarians, sink to the seafloor and enhance carbon and nitrogen fluxes via rapidly sinking particulate organic matter. These events provide nutrition to benthic megafauna and bacteria. Jelly-falls have been implicated as a major “ge... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Liquids are useful as lubricants due to their ability to form a thin, freely flowing layer between solid materials. Lubricants such as oil are chosen for viscosity and flow characteristics that are suitable throughout the operating temperature range of the component. Oils are often used in engines, gear boxes, metalwor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bipolar electrochemistry is a phenomenon in electrochemistry based on the polarization of conducting objects in electric fields. Indeed, this polarization generates a potential difference between the two extremities of the substrate that is equal to the electric field value multiplied by the size of the object. If this... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
James Cullen Kirkcaldie (18 April 1875 – 16 August 1931) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played in one first-class match for Wellington in 1903/04.
Kirkcaldie was an analytical chemist. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This page describes how uranium dioxide nuclear fuel behaves during both normal nuclear reactor operation and under reactor accident conditions, such as overheating. Work in this area is often very expensive to conduct, and so has often been performed on a collaborative basis between groups of countries, usually under ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ang II binds to AT receptors via various binding sites. The primary binding site is at the extracellular region of the AT receptor where Ang II interacts with residues in the N-terminus of the AT receptor and its first and third extracellular loops. The transmembrane helices also contribute to the binding via the C-ter... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The simplest forge, known as the Corsican, was used prior to the advent of Christianity. Examples of improved bloomeries are the Stuckofen, sometimes called wolf-furnace,) which remained until the beginning of the 19th century. Instead of using natural draught, air was pumped in by a trompe, resulting in better quality... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The pipe is filled with a water solution, frozen, and bent while cold. The solute (soap can be used) makes the ice flexible. This technique is used to make trombones. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gilbert studied for a Bachelor of Science at the University of Florida, from 1940 to 1942. He then moved to the University of Wisconsin–Madison for this PhD, which he obtained in 1945 under the supervision of Samuel M. McElvain. While at Wisconsin he met Carl Djerassi, with whom he would go on to form a lasting friends... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*1979 Can Test Award by the Chemical Institute of Canada
*1983 Science & Engineering Research Council Senior Fellowship
*1983 Co-recipient of an IR-100 Award
*1984 Meggers Award by the Society for Applied Spectroscopy
*1984 Lester W. Strock Award by the Society for Applied Spectroscopy
*1984 Anachem Award
*1985 Chemic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since alkenes are mainly produced as mixtures with alkanes, the separation of alkanes and alkenes is of commercial interest. Separation technologies often rely on facilitated transport membranes containing Ag or Cu salts that reversibly bind alkenes.
In argentation chromatography, stationary phases that contain silver ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nitro compounds participate in several organic reactions, the most important being their reduction to the corresponding amines:
:RNO + 3 H → RNH + 2 HO
Virtually all aromatic amines (e.g. aniline) are derived from nitroaromatics through such catalytic hydrogenation. A variation is formation of a dimethylaminoar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All of these forms of crack development are the result of the cylinder being subject to high pressure for prolonged periods. The cracks are intergranular and occur at grain boundaries. There is no evidence of stress corrosion or fatigue.
The presence of a relatively high lead content has been identified as a contributo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cyanobacteria, the precursor to chloroplasts found in green plants, have both photosystems with both types of reaction centers. Combining the two systems allows for producing oxygen. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reducing agents can also be considered in demand as the rapid rise of low oxidation state chemistry has been reliant on them. Common compounds include but are not limited to potassium graphite (KC), sodium naphthalenide and its alkali derivatives, or s-block metals in their elemental form, such as lithium. However, the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An overdose of ouabain can be detected by the presence of the following symptoms: rapid twitching of the neck and chest musculature, respiratory distress, increased and irregular heartbeat, rise in blood pressure, convulsions, wheezing, clicking, and gasping rattling. Death is caused by cardiac arrest. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The fourteen massive lime kilns built of dressed-sandstone are a remarkable feature of Charlestown. They are regarded as one of the most important Industrial Revolution remains in Scotland and indeed the United Kingdom, being Scottish Category A Listed buildings. Built into the hillside below the village, they form a s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The main use for phosphorus tribromide is for conversion of primary or secondary alcohols to alkyl bromides, as described above. PBr usually gives higher yields than hydrobromic acid, and it avoids problems of carbocation rearrangement- for example even neopentyl bromide can be made from the alcohol in 60% yield.
Anoth... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Olbers paradox is another paradox which aims to disprove an infinitely old static universe, but it only fits with a static universe scenario. Also, unlike Kelvins paradox, it relies on cosmology rather than thermodynamics. The Boltzmann Brain can also be related to Kelvin's, as it focuses on the spontaneous generation ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms may fall within coding sequences of genes, non-coding regions of genes, or in the intergenic regions (regions between genes). SNPs within a coding sequence do not necessarily change the amino acid sequence of the protein that is produced, due to degeneracy of the genetic code.
SNPs in th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The folded protein complexes of interest separate cleanly and predictably without the risk of denaturation due to the specific properties of the polyacrylamide gel, electrophoresis buffer solution, electrophoretic equipment and standardized parameters used. The separated proteins are continuously eluted into a physiolo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrokinesis is the particle or fluid transport produced by an electric field acting on a fluid having a net mobile charge. (See -kinesis for explanation and further uses of the -kinesis suffix.) Electrokinesis was first observed by Ferdinand Frederic Reuss during 1808, in the electrophoresis of clay particles The ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
EPA issued a drinking water health advisory for MTBE, a guidance document for water utilities and the public, in 1997. The Agency first listed MTBE in 1998 as a candidate for development of a national Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) standard in drinking water. As of 2020 EPA has not announced whether it will develop an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DNA digital data storage is the process of encoding and decoding binary data to and from synthesized strands of DNA.
While DNA as a storage medium has enormous potential because of its high storage density, its practical use is currently severely limited because of its high cost and very slow read and write times.
In J... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Represents the majority 85-90% of typical tall oil.
*abietic acid
**abieta-7,13-dien-18-oic acid
**13-isopropylpodocarpa -7,13-dien-15-oic acid
*Neoabietic acid
*Dehydroabietic acid
*Palustric acid
*Levopimaric acid
*Simplified formula CHO, or CHCOOH
*molecular weight 302 | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ultrasonic cure monitoring methods are based on the relationships between changes in the characteristics of propagating ultrasound and the real-time mechanical properties of a component, by measuring:
*ultrasonic time of flight, both in through-transmission and pulse-echo modes;
*natural frequency using impact excitati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
IUPAC nomenclature has extensive rules to cover the naming of cyclic structures, both as core structures, and as substituents appended to alicyclic structures. The term macrocycle is used when a ring-containing compound has a ring of 12 or more atoms. The term polycyclic is used when more than one ring appears in a sin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photogeochemistry merges photochemistry and geochemistry into the study of light-induced chemical reactions that occur or may occur among natural components of Earth's surface. The first comprehensive review on the subject was published in 2017 by the chemist and soil scientist Timothy A Doane, but the term photogeoche... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Studies on how people transform the substances that they ingest began in the mid-nineteenth century, with chemists discovering that organic chemicals such as benzaldehyde could be oxidized and conjugated to amino acids in the human body. During the remainder of the nineteenth century, several other basic detoxification... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The functional group will readily hydrolyse to give a phosphine oxide and an amine
:RP=NR + HO → RP=O + RNH
Phosphinimide ligands of the general formula NPR form transition metal phosphinimide complexeses. Some of these complexes are potential catalysts for the synthesis of polyethylene. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Färber (spelling changed in 1938) grew up in Leipzig as the son of a businessman and studied natural sciences (chemistry, physics, and mineralogy) in Leipzig with doctorate in 1916. He then became an assistant to Carl Neuberg at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Experimentelle Therapie in Berlin. Due to an eye ailment he... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Middle-of-house testing is a new development, started by The Loop in the UK. Testing happens on-site, but without face-to-face interaction with the public. Samples from medical incidents are tested and alerts can be issued after multiple incidents with a trend are identified. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Recovery of metals from oxide matrixes is generally carried out using mineral acids. However, electrochemical dissolution of metal oxides in DES can allow to enhance the dissolution up to more than 10 000 times in pH neutral solutions.
Studies have shown that ionic oxides such as ZnO tend to have high solubility in ChC... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* rs6311 and rs6313 are SNPs in the Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor gene on human chromosome 13.
* The SNP − 3279C/A (rs3761548) is amongst the SNPs locating in the promoter region of the Foxp3 gene, might be involved in cancer progression.
* A SNP in the F5 gene causes Factor V Leiden thrombophilia.
* rs3091244 is an exampl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* McGrew, Roderick. Encyclopedia of Medical History (1985), brief history pp 25–30
* [http://dels.nas.edu/metagenomics Our Microbial Planet] A free poster from the National Academy of Sciences about the positive roles of micro-organisms.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080527234727/http://www.asm.org/ASM/files/ccLibra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Classically, the kinetic energy of rotation is
:where
:: is the angular momentum
:: is the moment of inertia of the molecule
For microscopic, atomic-level systems like a molecule, angular momentum can only have specific discrete values given by
:where is a non-negative integer and is the reduced Planck constant.
Also... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alizarine Yellow R is produced by azo coupling of salicylic acid and diazonium derivative of 4-Nitroaniline | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The derivation starts with Ficks first law using a uniform distance axis y as the coordinate system and having the origin fixed to the location of the markers. It is assumed that the markers move relative to the diffusion of one component and into one of the two initial rods, as was chosen in Kirkendalls experiment. In... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Topology of a transmembrane protein refers to locations of N- and C-termini of membrane-spanning polypeptide chain with respect to the inner or outer sides of the biological membrane occupied by the protein.
Several databases provide experimentally determined topologies of membrane proteins. They include Uniprot, TOPDB... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Levomethamphetamine is an active metabolite of the antiparkinson's drug selegiline. Selegiline, a selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO) inhibitor at low doses, is also metabolized into levomethamphetamine and levoamphetamine. This has caused users to test positive for amphetamines.
Selegiline itself has neuroprotective a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Molecular-weight size markers can be broken up into two categories: molecular weight markers vs. molecular ladder markers. Markers are either stained or unstained, and depending on the circumstance, one may be more appropriate than another. Molecular-weight size markers can also be biochemically altered. The conjugatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Glycoside hydrolases are predicted to gain increasing roles as catalysts in biorefining
applications in the future bioeconomy. These enzymes have a variety of uses including degradation of plant materials (e.g., cellulases for degrading cellulose to glucose, which can be used for ethanol production), in the food indu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The main shortcoming related to the free volume concept is that it is not so well defined at the molecular level. A more precise, molecular-level derivation of the Flory–Fox equation has been developed by Alessio Zaccone and Eugene Terentjev. The derivation is based on a molecular-level model of the temperature-depende... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metal carbonyls are coordination complexes of transition metals with carbon monoxide ligands. Metal carbonyls are useful in organic synthesis and as catalysts or catalyst precursors in homogeneous catalysis, such as hydroformylation and Reppe chemistry. In the Mond process, nickel tetracarbonyl is used to produce pure ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a sense, any spectrum analyzer that has vector signal analyzer capability is a realtime analyzer. It samples data fast enough to satisfy Nyquist Sampling theorem and stores the data in memory for later processing. This kind of analyser is only realtime for the amount of data / capture time it can store in memory and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The speed of sound in mathematical notation is conventionally represented by c, from the Latin celeritas meaning "swiftness".
For fluids in general, the speed of sound c is given by the Newton–Laplace equation:
where
* is a coefficient of stiffness, the isentropic bulk modulus (or the modulus of bulk elasticity for ga... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Trust for Public Land has completed 183 green school yards across the 5 boroughs in New York. Existing asphalt school yards are converted to a more vibrant and exciting place while also incorporating infrastructure to capture and store rainwater: rain garden, rain barrel, tree groves with pervious pavers, and an a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Typical for platinum(IV) complexes, [Pt(NH)] is diamagnetic and kinetically inert, e.g. unaffected by strong acids. The cation obeys the 18-electron rule. It is prepared by treatment of methylamine complex [Pt(NHCH)Cl]Cl with ammonia.
The complex [Pt(NH)] is a rare example of a tetracationic ammine complex. Its conjuga... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The formation of dropwise condensation on PDRC surfaces can alter the infrared emittance of the surface of selective PDRC emitters, which can weaken their performance. Even in semi-arid environments, dew formation on PDRC surfaces can occur. Thus, the cooling power of selective emitters "may broaden the narrowband emit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sources of manganese ore generally also contain iron oxides. As manganese is harder to reduce than iron, during the reduction of manganese ore, iron is also reduced and mixed with the manganese in the melt, unlike other oxides such as SiO, AlO and CaO.
Reduction is achieved using a submerged arc furnance. There are two... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An organic acid anhydride is an acid anhydride that is also an organic compound. An acid anhydride is a compound that has two acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom. A common type of organic acid anhydride is a carboxylic anhydride, where the parent acid is a carboxylic acid, the formula of the anhydride being (RC(... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermal expansion coefficients of solids usually show little dependence on temperature (except at very low temperatures) whereas liquids can expand at different rates at different temperatures. There are some exceptions: for example, cubic boron nitride exhibits significant variation of its thermal expansion coefficien... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most supramolecular catalysts are developed from rigid building blocks because rigid blocks are less complicated than flexible parts in constructing a desired shape and placing functional groups where the designer wants. Due to the rigidity, however, a slight mismatch from the transition state inevitably leads to poor ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The other pathway, non-cyclic photophosphorylation, is a two-stage process involving two different chlorophyll photosystems in the thylakoid membrane. First, a photon is absorbed by chlorophyll pigments surrounding the reaction core center of photosystem II. The light excites an electron in the pigment P680 at the core... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
;Temperature
:When the foraging organism's optimal foraging temperature is present, the organism will be more likely to search for food. Often, the further temperature falls out of this range, the less likely foraging will occur, thus, the less likely trail pheromones will be deposited.
;Season
:Alongside with temperat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Bradford protein assay (also known as the Coomassie protein assay) was developed by Marion M. Bradford in 1976. It is a quick and accurate spectroscopic analytical procedure used to measure the concentration of protein in a solution. The reaction is dependent on the amino acid composition of the measured proteins. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The home/bomb shelter was designed by architect Jay Swayze. Swayze, a proponent of underground living, constructed and lived in his own underground bunker-house in Plainview, Texas, which he named Atomitat.
Built during the Cold War only two years after the Cuban Missile Crisis, it was the promotion of the company "U... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When collecting data in the full scan mode, a target range of mass fragments is determined and put into the instruments method. An example of a typical broad range of mass fragments to monitor would be m/z 50 to m/z 400. The determination of what range to use is largely dictated by what one anticipates being in the sam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A cell saline buffer containing the TIVA tag is added to the coverslip and incubated. During the incubation period, the TIVA tag penetrates the cell membrane via the CPP that is bound to it. Subsequently, the cytosolic environment cleaves the CPP and the TIVA tag is trapped inside the cell. After incubation, the covers... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Robert Travis Kennedy is an American chemist specializing in bioanalytical chemistry including liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and microfluidics. He is currently the Hobart H. Willard Distinguished University Professor of Chemistry and the chair of the department of chemistry at the University of Mich... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the gas experiments Davy ran considerable risks. His respiration of nitric oxide which may have combined with air in the mouth to form nitric acid (HNO), severely injured the mucous membrane, and in Davy's attempt to inhale four quarts of "pure hydrocarbonate" gas in an experiment with carbon monoxide he "seemed sin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Heart, arteries, and veins (a network of tubes to carry blood) constitute the cardiovascular system or circulatory system of our body which transports the blood throughout the body. The heart can be thought of as a muscular pump, consisting of four chambers, and pulsatile muscles which pump and circulates the blood... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Orexins (-A and -B) are involved in a number of cognitive processes, including appetite, arousal, and reward, among many others.
*Neurohypophysial hormones:
**Arginine-vasopressin
**Oxytocin regulates social cognition (e.g., trust and pair-bonding) and modulates maternal behavior.
*Endogenous opioids:
**Dynorphins
**E... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Jay Hyung Lee is a professor at Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering in KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology). His h-index is 55 according to Google Scholar. Lee was a professor at Georgia Institute of Technology in the United States from 2000 to 2010. Lee is a fellow of Institute of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The beginning of the 1970s saw the first investigations of the effects of pulsed laser irradiation within the target material. L. I. Mirkin observed twinning in ferrite grains in steel under the crater created by laser irradiation in vacuum. S. A. Metz and F. A. Smidt, Jr. irradiated nickel and vanadium foils in air wi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) processes, there has been on-going research on the effects of turbulent diffusion in flames. Main areas of study include combustion systems in gas burners used for power generation and chemical reactions in jet diffusion flames involvin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Degrading concrete has been the focus of many studies and the most obvious sign is calcium-rich leachate seeping from a concrete structure.
Calthemite stalactites can form on concrete structures and "artificial caves" lined with concrete (e.g. mines and tunnels) significantly faster than those in limestone, marble or d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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