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Her awards and honours include:
* 2003 National Science Foundation CAREER Award
* 2004 University of Delaware Francis Alison Young Scholar Award
* 2010 University of Minnesota Etter Memorial Lectureship in Chemistry
* 2012 University of Delaware Trabant Award for Women's Equity
* 2014 University of Southern Mississipp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is important to note that even while kinetic analysis is a powerful tool for determining the stoichiometry of the turn-over limiting transition state relative to the ground state, it cannot answer all mechanistic questions. It is possible for two mechanisms to be kinetically indistinguishable, especially under catal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Solarization refers to a phenomenon in physics where a material undergoes a temporary change in color after being subjected to high-energy electromagnetic radiation, such as ultraviolet light or X-rays. Clear glass and many plastics will turn amber, green or other colors when subjected to X-radiation, and glass may tur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Affinity-trap polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) has become one of the most popular methods of protein separation. This is not only due to its separation qualities, but also because it can be used in conjunction with a variety of other analytic methods, such as mass spectrometry, and western blotting. In additi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neil Bartlett was born on 15 September 1932 in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. Bartletts interest in chemistry dated back to an experiment at Heaton Grammar School when he was only eleven years old, in which he prepared "beautiful, well-formed" crystals by reaction of aqueous ammonia with copper sulfate. He explored chem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a finite volume gravity current, perhaps the simplest modelling approach is via a box model where a "box" (rectangle for 2D problems, cylinder for 3D) is used to represent the current. The box does not rotate or shear, but changes in aspect ratio (i.e. stretches out) as the flow progresses. Here, the dynamics of t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prickle is also known as REST/NRSF-interacting LIM domain protein, which is a putative nuclear translocation receptor. Prickle is part of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway that establishes planar cell polarity. A gain or loss of function of Prickle1 causes defects in the convergent extension movements of gastrula... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, a metallaborane is a compound that contains one or more metal atoms and one or more boron hydride. These compounds are related conceptually and often synthetically to the boron-hydride clusters by replacement of BH units with metal-containing fragments. Often these metal fragments are derived from metal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Uhp system uptakes phosphorylated hexose sugars into bacteria. The system is triggered by phosphorylated hexose sugars on the outside of the cell. UhpC binds to the phosphorylated hexose, which allows the phosphorylation of UhpB on one of its cytoplasmic histidines. This facilitates the phosphorylation of an asp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Gunpowder Empires generally refer to the Islamic Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal empires. The phrase was first coined by Marshall Hodgson in the title of Book 5 ("The Second Flowering: The Empires of Gunpowder Times") of his highly influential three-volume work, The Venture of Islam (1974).
Hogdson applied the term "gu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The best Lewis structure for an oxocarbenium ion contains an oxygen–carbon double bond, with the oxygen atom attached to an additional group and consequently taking on a formal positive charge. In the language of canonical structures (or "resonance"), the polarization of the π bond is described by a secondary carbocat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the absence of an external field, the director of a liquid crystal is free to point in any direction. It is possible, however, to force the director to point in a specific direction by introducing an outside agent to the system. For example, when a thin polymer coating (usually a polyimide) is spread on a glass subs... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the field of solid catalysis, the surface area of catalysts is an important factor in catalytic activity. Inorganic materials such as mesoporous silica and layered clay minerals have high surface areas of several hundred m/g calculated by the BET method, indicating the possibility of application for efficient cataly... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxanorbornadiene (or another activated alkene) reacts with azides, giving triazoles as a product. However, these product triazoles are not aromatic as they are in the CuAAC or SPAAC reactions, and as a result are not as stable. The activated double bond in oxanobornadiene makes a triazoline intermediate that subsequent... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A thermocouple, also known as a "thermoelectrical thermometer", is an electrical device consisting of two dissimilar electrical conductors forming an electrical junction. A thermocouple produces a temperature-dependent voltage as a result of the Seebeck effect, and this voltage can be interpreted to measure temperature... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Bioceramic-based bone-grafting materials and scaffolds for regenerative biomedicine.
* Production and study of bioceramic systems for controlled release of biotechnological and antitumoral species.
* Nanoparticles and biocompatible matrices for biotechnological applications.
* Silica-based ordered mesoporous material... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Almost half of the genes of the bacterium E. coli that are repressed during cold shock are similarly repressed when Gyrase is blocked by the antibiotic Novobiocin. Moreover, during cold shocks, the density of nucleoids increases, and the protein gyrase and the nucleoid become colocalized (which is consistent with a red... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pollutants can be deleted from groundwater by perstraction. Different techniques have been patented. The oldest one has published in 1990 and the youngest one in 1998. In the 2000s has been done few patent applications but no granted patents.
Organic compounds through a membrane has been concentrated from groundwater. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A geminal diol has two hydroxyl groups bonded to the same atom. These species arise by hydration of the carbonyl compounds. The hydration is usually unfavorable, but a notable exception is formaldehyde which, in water, exists in equilibrium with methanediol HC(OH). Another example is (FC)C(OH), the hydrated form of hex... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some of the most common DNA extraction methods include organic extraction, Chelex extraction, and solid phase extraction. These methods consistently yield isolated DNA, but they differ in both the quality and the quantity of DNA yielded. When selecting a DNA extraction method, there are multiple factors to consider, in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Epi-lipoxins are trihydroxy (i.e. containing 3 hydroxyl residues) metabolites of arachidonic acid. They are 15R-epimers of their lipoxin counterparts; that is, the epi-lipoxins, 15-epi-lipoxin A4 (15-epi-LxA4) and 15-epi-lipoxin B4 (15-epi-LXB4), differ from their respective lipoxin A4 (LxA4) and lipoxin B4 (LxB4) ep... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The dihydrolipoate, covalently bound to a lysine residue of the complex, is then transfered to the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) active site, where it undergoes a flavin-mediated oxidation, similar in chemistry to e.g. thioredoxin reductase. First, FAD oxidizes dihydrolipoate back to its lipoate (disulfide) resting ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Magnus effect can also be found in advanced external ballistics. First, a spinning bullet in flight is often subject to a crosswind, which can be simplified as blowing from either the left or the right. In addition to this, even in completely calm air a bullet experiences a small sideways wind component due to its ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The anti cryptophane isomer belongs to the D point group and the syn cryptophane isomer belongs to the C point group. Both molecules therefore do not exhibit a dipole moment. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Incorrect chemical shift referencing is a particularly acute problem in biomolecular NMR. It has been estimated that up to 20% of 13C and up to 35% of 15N shift assignments are improperly referenced.
Given that the structural and dynamic information contained within chemical shifts is often quite subtle, it is critica... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Ancient Microbial Communities is part of Sumner's research which includes understanding microbial evolution and ecology and Earth history through microbial signatures in the rock record. Her publications feature new developments in how to interpret ancient biological responses to environmental factors, tracing oxygen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When pressure approaches zero, all real gas will behave like ideal gas, that is, of a mole of gas relying only on temperature. Therefore, we can design a scale with as its argument. Of course any bijective function will do, but for convenience's sake a linear function is the best. Therefore, we define it as
The ideal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The translations form a normal abelian subgroup of rank 3, called the Bravais lattice (so named after French physicist Auguste Bravais). There are 14 possible types of Bravais lattice. The quotient of the space group by the Bravais lattice is a finite group which is one of the 32 possible point groups. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The surface temperature of a single layer
The frequency domain solution for a semi-infinite solid which is heated by a point source with angular frequency can be expressed by the following equation.
where (1)
(Λ: thermal conductivity of the solid, D: thermal diffusivity of the solid, r: radial coordinate)
In a typic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the general context, strange matter might occur inside neutron stars, if the pressure at their core is high enough to provide a sufficient gravitational force (i.e. above the critical pressure). At the sort of densities and high pressures we expect in the center of a neutron star, the quark matter would probably be ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Emerin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EMD gene, also known as the STA gene. Emerin, together with LEMD3, is a LEM domain-containing integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane in vertebrates. Emerin is highly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle. In cardiac muscle, emerin localizes to adherens jun... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An important application of mass spectrometric immunoassy is that it can be used as a rapid, sensitive and accurate screening of apolipoproteins and mutations of them. Apolipoproteins represent a groups of proteins with many functions such as transport and clearance as well as enzyme activation. Recent studies have cla... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1886, Winkler was provided with a new mineral from the Himmelsfürst mine near Freiberg. The mineral, called argyrodite, was found by chemists to contain silver and sulfur. When Winkler subsequently analyzed the mineral, he found that the individual components only added up to about 93–94% of its total mass, l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The primary form of inorganic carbon that is fixed is carbon dioxide (CO). It is estimated that approximately 250 billion tons of carbon dioxide are converted by photosynthesis annually. The majority of the fixation occurs in terrestrial environments, especially the tropics. The gross amount of carbon dioxide fixed i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, disproportionation, sometimes called dismutation, is a redox reaction in which one compound of intermediate oxidation state converts to two compounds, one of higher and one of lower oxidation states. The reverse of disproportionation, such as when a compound in an intermediate oxidation state is formed fr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The simplest concept is the measurement made using two microphones and a fast recording device such as a digital storage scope. This method uses the following idea.
If a sound source and two microphones are arranged in a straight line, with the sound source at one end, then the following can be measured:
# The distance... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The SKP technique is based on parallel plate capacitor experiments performed by Lord Kelvin in 1898. In the 1930s William Zisman built upon Lord Kelvin's experiments to develop a technique to measure contact potential differences of dissimilar metals. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector. An example is the viral transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another and hence an example of horizontal gene transfer. Transduction does not require physical contact between the cell donating the DNA and the cell rec... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Phillips catalyst, or the Phillips supported chromium catalyst, is the catalyst used to produce approximately half of the world's polyethylene. A heterogeneous catalyst, it consists of a chromium oxide supported on silica gel. Polyethylene, the most-produced synthetic polymer, is produced industrially by the polym... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DNA editing proteins edit and permanently change gene sequence, and subsequently the gene expression of the cell. All progenies of the cell will inherit the edited gene sequence. DNA editing proteins often take part in the immune response system of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, providing high variance in gene expres... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Copper does not require cleaning or maintenance. It is particularly suited for areas that are difficult or dangerous to access after installation. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A new pathway was suspected when RuBisCO was not found in the methanotroph Methylmonas methanica. Through radio-labelling experiments, it was shown that M. methanica used the Ribulose monophate (RuMP) pathway. This has led researchers to propose that the RuMP cycle may have preceded the RuBP cycle.
Like the RuBP cycle,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The psychrometric constant relates the partial pressure of water in air to the air temperature. This lets one interpolate actual vapor pressure from paired dry and wet thermometer bulb temperature readings.
: psychrometric constant [kPa °C],
: P = atmospheric pressure [kPa],
: latent heat of water vaporization, 2.45... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Grasselli Brown has been married twice, to coworker Robert Grasselli (1957–1985) and to coworker Glenn Brown (1987–). Brown had two children from his previous marriage, Robyn and Eric; they now have three grandchildren. Jeanette continues to use the name Grasselli since it is the name she is known by professionally. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most molecular carbido complexes are clusters, usually featuring carbide as a six-fold bridging ligand. Examples include [C(CO)], and [C(CO)]. Though exceptions exist, such as the nonanuclear Ruthenium cluster (μ-C)Ru(CO) (μ-η: η:η-CH) containing a tripped trigonal prism geometry around the carbide.
The iron carbonyl c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)aniline is the organic compound with the formula CHN(SOCF). It is a white solid. The compound is used to install the triflyl group (SOCF). Its behavior is akin to that of triflic anhydride, but milder. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1955, Siekevitz and Potter demonstrated that adenine nucleotides were distributed in cells in two pools located in the mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments. Shortly thereafter, Pressman hypothesized that the two pools could exchange nucleotides. However, the existence of an ADP/ATP transporter was not postulated... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carboxylic acids are esterified by treatment with epoxides, giving β-hydroxyesters:
This reaction is employed in the production of vinyl ester resin from acrylic acid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the late 19th Century and into the very early 20th Century, except for staple foods (sugar, rice, and beans) that needed no refrigeration, the available foods were affected heavily by the seasons and what could be grown locally. Refrigeration has removed these limitations. Refrigeration played a large part in the fe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The radial spoke is a multi-unit protein structure found in the axonemes of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. Although experiments have determined the importance of the radial spoke in the proper function of these organelles, its structure and mode of action remain poorly understood. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For his work, Woodward received many awards, honors and honorary doctorates, including election to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1948, the National Academy of Sciences in 1953, the American Philosophical Society in 1962, and membership in academies around the world. He was also a consultant to many compa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An electrochemical cell is a device that produces an electric current from energy released by a spontaneous redox reaction. This kind of cell includes the Galvanic cell or Voltaic cell, named after Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta, both scientists who conducted experiments on chemical reactions and electric current d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1815 Davy also suggested that acids were substances that contained replaceable hydrogen ions;– hydrogen that could be partly or totally replaced by reactive metals which are placed above hydrogen in the reactivity series. When acids reacted with metals they formed salts and hydrogen gas. Bases were substances that r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When writing sequences for systematic biology it may be necessary to have IUPAC codes that mean "any of the two" or "any of the three". The IUPAC code R (any purine) is complementary to Y (any pyrimidine) and M (amino) to K (keto). W (weak) and S (strong) are usually not swapped but have been swapped in the past by som... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A nanoparticle is defined as having one dimension 100 nm or less in size. Environmentally toxic or biologically hazardous reducing agents are typically involved in the chemical synthesis of nanoparticles so there has been a search for greener production alternatives. Current research has shown that microorganisms, plan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Triglycerides are built from three fatty acids, esterified onto each of three hydroxy groups of glycerol, which is derived from glycerol 3-phosphate. In mammals, glycerol 3-phosphate is usually synthesized through glycolysis, a metabolic pathway that degrades glucose into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and then into two mol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A wide variety of sphagnum, sedges, rushes and other characteristic bog species inhabit Portlethen Moss. Sometimes insectivorous plants reside in mosses, since the soils are generally nutrient poor. The heath also serves as a food source for area roe deer, while Corydalis claviculata is an attractive host for numerous ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Eszopiclone acts on benzodiazepine binding site situated on GABA neurons as a positive allosteric modulator.
Eszopiclone is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with serum levels peaking between .45 and 1.3 hours. The elimination half-life of eszopiclone is approximately 6 hours and it is extensively metabolized... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
TosMIC (toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide) is an organic compound with the formula CHCHSOCHNC. The molecule contains both sulfonyl and isocyanide groups. It is a colourless solid that, unlike many isocyanides, is odorless. It is prepared by dehydration of the related formamide derivative. It is used in the Van Leusen re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Professor Paul Karrer FRS FRSE FCS (21 April 1889 – 18 June 1971) was a Swiss organic chemist best known for his research on vitamins. He and Norman Haworth won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1937. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Consider a steady supersonic flow past a solid cone that has a semi-vertical angle . A conical shock wave can form in this situation, with the vertex of the shock wave lying at the vertex of the solid cone. If it were a two-dimensional problem, i.e., for a supersonic flow past a wedge, then the incoming stream would ha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The strength of adhesion by the dispersive mechanism depends on a variety of factors, including the chemical structure of the molecules involved in the adhesive system, the degree to which coatings wet each other, and the surface roughness at the interface. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The surface tension at the border between the fluid lining and the inhaled gas (gas/fluid interface) in alveoli determines the motion of the alveoli as a whole. According to Lapace's Law, high surface tension in the gas/fluid interface of alveoli prevents the alveoli from inflating, which causes lung collapse. lipid a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Enzyme assays are laboratory methods for measuring enzymatic activity. They are vital for the study of enzyme kinetics and enzyme inhibition. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The configuration index is a single digit which is the priority number of the ligand trans to the ligand of lowest priority in the plane perpendicular to the 4 fold axis. (If there is more than one choice then the highest numerical value second digit is taken.) NB this procedure gives the same result as SP-4, however ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CSMBLM publishes the scientific journal Biochemia Medica in the English language three times a year. It is included in databases such as Current Contents (Clinical Medicine), Medline, PubMed Central (PMC), Science Citation Index Expanded™ (SCIE, Thomson Reuters), Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition (JCR, Thomson R... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cultural or anthropogenic eutrophication is the process that causes eutrophication because of human activity. The problem became more apparent following the introduction of chemical fertilizers in agriculture (green revolution of the mid-1900s). Phosphorus and nitrogen are the two main nutrients that cause cultural eut... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The inviscid Burgers' equation is a conservation equation, more generally a first order quasilinear hyperbolic equation. The solution to the equation and along with the initial condition
can be constructed by the method of characteristics. The characteristic equations are
Integration of the second equation tells us tha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many mesoionic carbenes may not be able to be isolated as a free carbene; however, these MICs can be generated as a ligand for transition metal complexes. Numerous mesoionic carbene transition metal complexes are known with metals including Fe, Os, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ag. Metal complexes with Sm and Y are als... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cyanate esters are chemical compounds in which the hydrogen atom of the cyanic acid is replaced by an organyl group (for example aryl group). The resulting compound is termed a cyanate ester, with the formula , where R is an organyl group. Cyanate esters contain a monovalent cyanate group . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) is another structural element that is increasingly recognized for its critical role in cellular physiology and homeostasis. Once considered a technical snag in cell fractionation techniques, the alleged ER vesicle contaminants that invariably appeared in the mitochondrial f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
9-BBN is prepared by the reaction of 1,5-cyclooctadiene and borane usually in ethereal solvents, for example:
The compound is commercially available as a solution in tetrahydrofuran and as a solid. 9-BBN is especially useful in Suzuki reactions.
Its highly regioselective addition on alkenes allows the preparation of te... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Iron is used a great deal in biological systems, a fact that is well known due to its role in Hemoglobin. For it, there are many small molecule sensors including:
*Pryrene-TEMPO, in which the binding of iron to TEMPO quenches the fluorescence of pyrene when no Fe(II) is bound. Upon binding however, TEMPO is reduced and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In order to promote the transfer of research results into practice, the institute engages in technology transfer, promotes spin-offs and cooperates with industrial companies. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Flared connectors should not be confused with compression connectors, which are generally not interchangeable. Lacking a compression ring, they use a tapered conical shaped connection instead. A specialized flaring tool is used to enlarge tubing into a 45º tapered bell shape matching the projecting shape of the flare f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
High-energy beta emitters, such as phosphorus-32 and yttrium-90 can also be counted in a scintillation counter without the cocktail, instead using an aqueous solution containing no scintillators. This technique, known as Cherenkov counting, relies on Cherenkov radiation being detected directly by the photomultiplier tu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NMR tubes are typically made of borosilicate glass. They are available in seven and eight inch lengths; a 5 mm tube outer diameter is most common, but 3 mm and 10 mm outer diameters are available as well. Where boron NMR is desired, quartz NMR tubes containing low concentrations of boron (as opposed to borosilicate gla... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phenols form a complex with ferric ions. This complex has an intense colour, which may vary from blue, green or even red depending upon the nature of the phenol. As an example using the chemical phenol itself:
: 6 PhOH + Fe → [Fe(OPh)] | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Nesmeyanov A.N. D.I. Mendeleev's Periodic Table of Elements and Organic Chemistry. Series: Reports at the plenary session/ VIII Mendeleev Congress on General and Applied Chemistry. Moscow: Publishing House Acad. Sciences of the USSR, 1959.
* Nesmeyanov A.N. Ed. acad. A. V. Topchiev Selected Works. Moscow: Publishing ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cryolite (NaAlF) is the least abundant of the three major fluorine-containing minerals, but is a concentrated source of fluorine. It was formerly used directly in aluminium production. However, the main commercial mine, on the west coast of Greenland, closed in 1987. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rapid advance in cancer genomics and high-throughput ChIP-chip, ChIP-Seq and Bisulfite sequencing methods are providing more insight into role of chromatin remodeling in transcriptional regulation and role in cancer. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phenyl isothiocyanate is reacted with an uncharged N-terminal amino group, under mildly alkaline conditions, to form a cyclical phenylthiocarbamoyl derivative. Then, under acidic conditions, this derivative of the terminal amino acid is cleaved as a thiazolinone derivative. The thiazolinone amino acid is then selective... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The hydroxymethyl group is the name for a substituent with the structural formula . It consists of a methylene bridge ( unit) bonded to a hydroxyl group (). This makes the hydroxymethyl group an alcohol. It has the identical chemical formula with the methoxy group () that differs only in the attachment site and orienta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Schwab received honours throughout his lifetime in recognition of his scientific work. In 1952 he became one of the only 45 ordinary members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, and in 1956 he was also inducted as a member of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.
In ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Paper chromatography is an analytical method used to separate coloured chemicals or substances. It is now primarily used as a teaching tool, having been replaced in the laboratory by other chromatography methods such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC).
The setup has three components. The mobile phase is a solution that... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
H and C are not the only nuclei susceptible to NMR experiments. A number of different nuclei can also be detected, although the use of such techniques is generally rare due to small relative sensitivities in NMR experiments (compared to H) of the nuclei in question, the other factor for rare use being their slender rep... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Single doses of up to at least 32-fold (800 mg), as well as continuous therapy with 24-fold (600 mg) the usual daily dose are well tolerated. No life-threatening overdosing is known in humans, but only in animal studies with 2000- to 4000-fold doses (adjusted to body surface area). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ramesh Jasti is a professor of organic chemistry at the University of Oregon. He was the first person to synthesize the elusive cycloparaphenylene in 2008 during post doctoral work in the laboratory of Professor Carolyn Bertozzi. He started his laboratory at Boston University where he was the recipient of the NSF CAREE... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first two STAT proteins were identified in the interferon system. There are seven mammalian STAT family members that have been identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5 (STAT5A and STAT5B), and STAT6.
STAT1 homodimers are involved in type II interferon signalling, and bind to the GAS (Interferon-Gamma Activat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When the cell is operated at open circuit, I = 0 and the voltage across the output terminals is defined as the open-circuit voltage. Assuming the shunt resistance is high enough to neglect the final term of the characteristic equation, the open-circuit voltage V is:
Similarly, when the cell is operated at short circuit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Octasulfur is not typically produced as per se. It is the main (99%) component of elemental sulfur, which is recovered from volcanic sources and is a major product of the Claus process, associated with petroleum refineries. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The efficiency η of a thermogravitational cycle depends on the thermodynamic processes the working fluid goes through during each step of the cycle. Below some examples:
* If the heat exchanges at the bottom and top of the column with a hot source and cold source respectively, occur at constant pressure and temperature... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides of six, seven, or eight glucose units designated as α, β, and γ cyclodextrins respectively. Depicted in the diagram below. Daniel Armstrong is considered the pioneer of micelle and cyclodextrin-based separations. Cyclodextrins are covalently attached to silica by Armstron... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) is a mechanistic pathway through which transition-metal catalyzed C–H activation reactions can take place. In a CMD pathway, the C–H bond of the substrate is cleaved and the new C–Metal bond forms through a single transition state. This process does not go through a metal specie... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Surfactants which are less effective at foam production, may have additional co-surfactants added to increase foaming. In which case, the co-surfactant is referred to as the foaming agent. These are surfactants used in lower concentration in a detergent system than the primary surfactant, often the cocamide family of s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sometimes grouped into the chemical mechanism of adhesion, hydrogen bonding can increase adhesive strength by the dispersive mechanism. Hydrogen bonding occurs between molecules with a hydrogen atom attached to a small, electronegative atom such as fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen. This bond is naturally polar, with the hy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alkyl cycloalkanes are chemical compounds with an alkyl group with a single ring of carbons to which hydrogens are attached according to the formula
:CH.
They are named analogously to their normal alkane counterpart of the same carbon count: methylcyclopropane, methylcyclobutane, methylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Grinding is abrasion of the surface of interest by abrasive particles, usually diamond, that are bonded to paper or a metal disc. Grinding erases saw marks, coarsely smooths the surface, and removes stock to a desired depth. A typical grinding sequence for ceramics is one minute on a 240-grit metal-bonded diamond whee... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1998 the consumption of phosphonates was 56,000 tons worldwide – 40,000 tons in the US, 15,000 tons in Europe and less than 800 tons in Japan. The demand of phosphonates grows steadily at 3% annually. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Retinal gene therapy holds a promise in treating different forms of non-inherited and inherited blindness.
In 2008, three independent research groups reported that patients with the rare genetic retinal disease Leber's congenital amaurosis had been successfully treated using gene therapy with adeno-associated virus (AA... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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