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Reactions of divinylcyclopropanes containing substituted double bonds are stereospecific with respect to the configurations at the double bonds—cis,cis isomers give cis products, while cis,trans isomers give trans products. Thus, chiral, non-racemic starting materials give rise to chiral products without loss of enanti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mild steel (iron containing a small percentage of carbon, strong and tough but not readily tempered), also known as plain-carbon steel and low-carbon steel, is now the most common form of steel because its price is relatively low while it provides material properties that are acceptable for many applications. Mild stee... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase is a fusion protein in plants and fungi, but consists of two non-interacting proteins in bacteria, PurK and PurE.
The crystal structure of PurE indicates a unique quaternary structure that confirms the octameric nature of the enzyme. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Transporter Classification Database (or TCDB) is an International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)-approved classification system for membrane transport proteins, including ion channels. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Between 1963 and 1966, numerous scientific studies demonstrated the use of Tc as radiotracer or diagnostic tool. As a consequence the demand for Tc grew exponentially and by 1966, Brookhaven National Laboratory was unable to cope with the demand. Production and distribution of Tc generators were transferred to private ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At lower temperatures, more energy (i.e. - larger applied stress) is required to activate some slip systems. This is particularly evident in BCC materials, in which not all 5 independent slip systems are thermally activated at temperatures below the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, or DBTT, so BCC specimens t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Seminaphtharhodafluor or SNARF is a fluorescent dye that changes color with pH.
It can be used to construct optical biosensors that use enzymes that change pH.
The absorption peak of the derivative carboxy-SNARF at pH 6.0 is at wavelength (515 and) 550 nm, while that at pH 9.0 is at 575 nm.
The emission peak of carboxy... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In aromatic amines ("anilines"), nitrogen is often nearly planar owing to conjugation of the lone pair with the aryl substituent. The C-N distance is correspondingly shorter. In aniline, the C-N distance is the same as the C-C distances. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Outside the field of polarography, Harveys book Spectrochemical Procedures was the next earliest reference book to mention standard addition. Harveys approach, which involves the successive addition of standards, closely resembles the most commonly used method of standard addition today.
To apply this method, analysts ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transcription factor II H (TFH) is an important protein complex, having roles in transcription of various protein-coding genes and DNA nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways. TFH first came to light in 1989 when general transcription factor-δ or basic transcription factor 2 was characterized as an indispensable tran... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a new bottle of soda, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the liquid phase has a particular value. If half of the liquid is poured out and the bottle is sealed, carbon dioxide will leave the liquid phase at an ever-decreasing rate, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the gas phase will increase until eq... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ring-opening polymerization is an additive process but tends to give condensation-like polymers but follows the stoichiometry of addition polymerization. For example, polyethylene glycol is formed by opening ethylene oxide rings:
:HOCHCHOH + n CHO → HO(CHCHO)</sub>H
Nylon 6 (developed to thwart the patent on nyl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Databases containing biological targets information:
* Therapeutic Targets Database (TTD)
* [https://idrblab.org/drugmap/ DrugMap]
* DrugBank
* Binding DB | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Unlike in plants, animals do not have a pathway for the direct assimilation of inorganic sulfate into organic compounds. In animals, the primary source of sulfur is dietary methionine, an essential amino acid that contains a sulfur atom. Methionine is first converted to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a compound that is in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
First, the earlier theory which originated from the concept of a hypothetical medium referred as aether. Ether supposedly fills all evacuated or non-evacuated spaces. The transmission of light or of radiant heat are allowed by the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the aether. television and radio broadcasting wa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In many LMICs, fecal sludge is still not properly managed. This may be due to a lack of mandated institutions and low awareness of the impact of poor sanitation; a lack of technical expertise and experience; an inability to source funds for to purchase of vacuum trucks and treatment, as well as a lack of knowledge nece... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
RNA secondary structure can be determined from atomic coordinates (tertiary structure) obtained by X-ray crystallography, often deposited in the Protein Data Bank. Current methods include 3DNA/DSSR and MC-annotate. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although the diameter of the piston and the force exerted by a cylinder are related, they are not directly proportional to one another. Additionally, the typical mathematical relationship between the two assumes that the air supply does not become saturated. Due to the effective cross sectional area reduced by the area... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many other methods have been developed to treat the contamination of dyes in a solution, including electrochemical degradation, ion exchange, laser degradation, and absorption onto various solids such as activated charcoal. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thioacetic acid is prepared by the reaction of acetic anhydride with hydrogen sulfide:
It has also been produced by the action of phosphorus pentasulfide on glacial acetic acid, followed by distillation.
Thioacetic acid is typically contaminated by acetic acid.
The compound exists exclusively as the thiol tautomer, con... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Non-biologic surface coatings will occur via two mechanisms, the first being direct hydrophobic interaction of the lipid tail with a hydrophobic surface resulting in a monolayer of FSL at the surface. The second surface coating will be through the formation of bilayers, which probably either encapsulate fibres or being... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Laboratory Proficiency Testing Program (LPTP) helps labs compete in the global marketplace by demonstrating that through participation they meet the highest international standards for accuracy, reliability, and compliance. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
By placing the hybrid proteins under the control of IPTG-inducible lac promoters, they are expressed only on media supplemented with IPTG. Further, by including different antibiotic resistance genes in each genetic construct, the growth of non-transformed cells is easily prevented through culture on media containing th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Luciferins have been shown to be largely conserved among different species while luciferases show a greater degree of diversity. Eighty percent of the species that exhibit bioluminescence exist in aquatic habitats. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most chalconatronite formed on bronze and silver that have been treated with either sodium sesquicarbonate or sodium cyanide to prevent corrosion and bronze disease. The mineral has also been proven to form on the surface of copper artifacts after being treated with aqueous sodium carbonate. This formation by using sod... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In more general use, a calibration curve is a curve or table for a measuring instrument which measures some parameter indirectly, giving values for the desired quantity as a function of values of sensor output. For example, a calibration curve can be made for a particular pressure transducer to determine applied pressu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A most serious objection to the formation of continuous, high embankments along rivers bringing down considerable quantities of detritus, especially near a place where their fall has been abruptly reduced by descending from mountain slopes onto alluvial plains, is the danger of their bed being raised by deposit, produc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hybridization probes can be used to detect base flipping. This technique uses a molecule that has a complementary sequence to the sequence you would like to detect such that it binds to a single-strand of the DNA or RNA. Several hybridization probes have been used to detect base flipping. Potassium permanganate is us... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Grafting to approach which is the most common and straightforward methodology refers to directly attaching the synthetic polymers to the target protein. This technique can be engineered for site-specific or random conjugation and, when compared to other conjugation methods, provides simple and thorough characterization... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
HCN has been measured in Titans atmosphere by four instruments on the Cassini space probe, one instrument on Voyager, and one instrument on Earth. One of these measurements was in situ, where the Cassini spacecraft dipped between above Titans surface to collect atmospheric gas for mass spectrometry analysis. HCN initi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Given the above definitions the interaction Hamiltonian is
as stated. The next step is to find the Hamiltonian in the interaction picture, . The required unitary transformation is
where the 3rd step can be proved by using a Taylor series expansion, and using the orthogonality of the states and . Note that a multiplic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ferrocene is a redox-active organometallic compound which can be incorporated into various monomers and used to make polymers which can be tethered onto a surface. Vinylferrocene (ferroceneylethene) can be prepared by a Wittig reaction and then polymerized to form polyvinylferrocene (PVFc), an analog of polystyrene. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because of the significant expenses and infrastructure required for accurate compound management (space requirements, robotics, IT support, analytical support, etc.) many companies choose to outsource this function to a company that specializes in this arena. It is important to work with a company that has significant ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To discuss the modeling of unresolved scales, first the unresolved scales must be classified. They fall into two groups: resolved sub-filter scales (SFS), and sub-grid scales(SGS).
The resolved sub-filter scales represent the scales with wave numbers larger than the cutoff wave number , but whose effects are dampened b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
finds occasional use in organic synthesis, capitalizing on its Lewis acidity, its oxophilicity, and the electron-transfer properties of its reduced titanium halides. It is used in the Lewis acid catalysed aldol addition Key to this application is the tendency of to activate aldehydes (RCHO) by formation of adducts suc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Temperature-programmed reduction is a technique for the characterization of solid materials and is often used in the field of heterogeneous catalysis to find the most efficient reduction conditions, an oxidized catalyst precursor is submitted to a programmed temperature rise while a reducing gas mixture is flowed over ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To produce their metallic microlattice, the HRL/UCI/Caltech team first prepared a polymer template using a technique based on self-propagating waveguide formation, though it was noted that other methods can be used to fabricate the template. The process passed UV light through a perforated mask into a reservoir of UV-c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The satellite will carry a single instrument designed to make the most precise measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide ever made from space. The instrument consists of three parallel, high-resolution spectrometers, integrated into a common structure and fed by a common telescope. The spectrometers will make simultan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Paschen's law requires that:
* There are already free electrons at the cathode () which can be accelerated to trigger impact ionization. Such so-called seed electrons can be created by ionization by natural radioactivity or cosmic rays.
* The creation of further free electrons is only achieved by impact ionization. Thu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Herman T. Briscoe was born on November 6, 1893, in Shoals, Indiana. Briscoe received his teaching certificate in 1912 from Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana and began teaching at his home high school in Shoals for three academic years before becoming principal of Shoals high school and later superintendent of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The continent of stability is a hypothesised large group of nuclides with masses greater than 300 daltons that is stable against radioactive decay, consisting of freely flowing up quarks and down quarks rather than up and down quarks bound into protons and neutrons. Matter containing these nuclides is termed up-down qu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The double helix is an important tertiary structure in nucleic acid molecules which is intimately connected with the molecule's secondary structure. A double helix is formed by regions of many consecutive base pairs.
The nucleic acid double helix is a spiral polymer, usually right-handed, containing two nucleotide stra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Moungi Bawendi (; born 15 March 1961) is an American–Tunisian–French chemist. He is currently the Lester Wolfe Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Bawendi is known for his advances in the chemical production of high-quality quantum dots. In 2023 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As key players in the carbon cycle, methylotrophs work to reduce global warming primarily through the uptake of methane and other greenhouse gases. In aqueous environments, methanogenic archaea produce 40-50% of the world's methane. Symbiosis between methanogens and methanotrophic bacteria greatly decreases the amount ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cellular ncRNA pools are known to be dynamically regulated and can have high degrees of variation between different cell types and developmental stages. Dysregulation of transfer RNAs (tRNAs), a type of ncRNA, has been linked to a diverse array of detrimental physiological conditions including neurological diseases and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Progesterone is a naturally occurring pregnane steroid and is also known as pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. It has a double bond (4-ene) between the C4 and C5 positions and two ketone groups (3,20-dione), one at the C3 position and the other at the C20 position. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The exploration of the antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory activities of thalidomide has led to the study and creation of thalidomide analogs. Celgene has sponsored numerous clinical trials with analogues to thalidomide, such as lenalidomide, that are substantially more powerful and have fewer side effects — except for... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A bioindicator is an organism or biological response that reveals the presence of pollutants by the occurrence of typical symptoms or measurable responses and is, therefore, more qualitative.
These organisms (or communities of organisms) can be used to deliver information on alterations in the environment or the quanti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Brooker was educated at Hawarden Area School in North Canterbury from 1970 to 1982, and was dux of the school in her final year there. She went on to study chemistry at the University of Canterbury, first graduating Bachelor of Science with first-class honours, and then completing a PhD titled Synthesis and characteris... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The technique was discovered by a team of researchers at Peking University in Beijing, China. The discovery was announced in the journal Nature Biotechnology in July 2019. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
By incorporating electron donors and electron acceptors into the supramolecular polymers, features of artificial photosynthesis can be replicated. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As with atorvastatin, simvastatin, and other statin drugs metabolized via CYP3A4, drinking grapefruit juice during lovastatin therapy may increase the risk of side effects. Components of grapefruit juice, the flavonoid naringin, or the furanocoumarin bergamottin inhibit CYP3A4 in vitro, and may account for the in vivo ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydroelasticity is of concern in various areas of marine technology such as:
* High-speed craft.
* Ships with the phenomena springing and whipping affecting fatigue and extreme loading
* Large scale floating structures such as floating airports, floating bridges and buoyant tunnels.
* Marine Risers.
* Cable systems an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In June, 1950, Drago graduated with a BS degree in chemistry from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. After he completed his time with the U.S. Air Force, he enrolled at Ohio State University under the GI bill, completing his Ph.D. degree on December 17, 1954, under Professor Harry Sisler. His thesis was entitled ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
G. I. Taylor gave the solution for a special case where , where is a constant in 1923. He showed that the separation satisfies the equation and also
Taylor also considered an example, a decaying system of eddies rotating alternatively in opposite directions and arranged in a rectangular array
which satisfies the abo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While a universally accepted definition of sustainability remains elusive, the Brundtland Commission of the United Nations defined sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainability, the long-term main... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The table in Figure 2 summarizes the Möbius–Hückel concept. The columns specify whether one has a Möbius or a Hückel structure and the rows specify whether 4n + 2 electrons or 4n electrons are present. Depending on which is present, a Möbius or a Hückel system, one selects the first or the second column. Then depending... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Salen complexes with d metal ions, such as Ni(salen), typically have a low-spin square planar molecular geometry in the coordination sphere.
Other metal–salen complexes may have additional ligands above the salen nitrogen–oxygen plane. Complexes with one extra ligand, such as VO(salen), may have a square pyramidal mole... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Off-resin cyclization is a solid-phase synthesis of key intermediates, followed by the key cyclization in solution phase, the final deprotection of any masked side chains is also carried out in solution phase. This has the disadvantages that the efficiencies of solid-phase synthesis are lost in the solution phase step... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The primary application of TPEPICO is the production of internal energy selected ions to study their unimolecular dissociation dynamics as a function of internal energy. The electrons are extracted by a continuous electric field and are velocity map imaged depending on their initial kinetic energy. Ions are accelerate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the first dendrimers, the Newkome dendrimer, was synthesized in 1985. This macromolecule is also commonly known by the name arborol. The figure outlines the mechanism of the first two generations of arborol through a divergent route (discussed below). The synthesis is started by nucleophilic substitution of 1-br... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fluoroantimonic acid (pH −31.3) is a mixture of hydrogen fluoride and antimony pentafluoride, containing various cations and anions (the simplest being and ). This mixture is a superacid that, in terms of corrosiveness, is trillions of times stronger than pure sulfuric acid when measured by its Hammett acidity functio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bainite can essentially be regarded as martensite that tempers during the course of transformation. It forms at a higher temperature than martensite, and even the latter can autotemper. Because the transformation temperature is higher, the austenite itself is mechanically weak so that the shape deformation due to baini... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermal desorption fundamentally involves collecting volatile organic compounds onto a sorbent, and then heating this sorbent in a flow of gas to release the compounds and concentrate them into a smaller volume.
Early thermal desorbers used just single-stage operation, whereby the volatiles collected on a sorbent tube ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
FAM227B is most highly expressed in the testis at 1.983 +/- 0.404 RPKM, in the kidney at 1.408 +/- 0.152 RPKM, in the adrenal at 1.177 +/- 0.088 RPKM, and in the thyroid 1.133 +/- 0.165 RPKM. It is also expressed to a lesser degree in the appendix, bone marrow, brain, colon, duodenum, endometrium, esophagus, fat, gall ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aeronomy is the scientific study of the upper atmosphere of the Earth — the atmospheric layers above the stratopause — and corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets, where the entire atmosphere may correspond to the Earth's upper atmosphere or a portion of it. A branch of both atmospheric chemistry and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, deposition occurs when molecules settle out of a solution.
Deposition can be viewed as a reverse process to dissolution or particle re-entrainment. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
More recent variations are built with a simple "waterfall" driven by gravity, using a simple PVC plumbing pipe to flow water down a piece of plastic knitting screen (also known as "plastic canvas"), which is roughed up to allow algae to attach. In almost every case, these homemade algae scrubbers reduced the nutrients ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Epoxidation with dioxiranes refers to the synthesis of epoxides from alkenes using three-membered cyclic peroxides, also known as dioxiranes.
Dioxiranes are three-membered cyclic peroxides containing a weak oxygen-oxygen bond. Although they are able to effect oxidations of heteroatom functionality and even carbon-hydro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
BIND was the first database of its kind to contain info on biomolecular interactions, reactions and pathways in one schema. It is also the first to base its ontology on chemistry which allows 3D representation of molecular interactions. The underlying chemistry allows molecular interactions to be described down to the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Shq1, a protein thought to play a role in the stabilization and/or production of box H/ACA snoRNA, is still uncharacterized. It has been proposed that Shq1, along with Naf1p, is involved in the initial steps of the biogenesis of H/ACA box snoRNPs (box H/ACA snoRNAs form complexes with proteins, thereby forming snoRNPs... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses photooxygenation to destroy cancerous tissue. A photosensitizer is injected into the tumor and then specific wavelengths of light are exposed to the tissue to excite the Sens. The excited Sens generally follows a type I or II photooxygenation mechanism to result in oxidative damage to c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Examination of dimerized and trimerized natural products has shown that an element of bilateral symmetry is often present. Bilateral symmetry refers to a molecule or system that contains a C, C, or C point group identity. C symmetry tends to be much more abundant than other types of bilateral symmetry. This finding she... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For an instance, in India the rainfall over the country is primarily orographic, associated with tropical depressions originating in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The summer monsoon accounts for more than 85 per cent of the precipitation. The uncertainty of occurrence of rainfall marked by prolonged dry spells... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Efrapeptins are peptides produced by fungi in the genus Tolypocladium that have antifungal, insecticidal, and mitochondrial ATPase inhibitory activities. They are produced via a biosynthetic pathway similar to, but simpler than, the ciclosporin pathway with nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) and/or polyketide synthas... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A-values help predict the conformation of cyclohexane rings. The most stable conformation will be the one which has the substituent or substituents equatorial. When multiple substituents are taken into consideration, the conformation where the substituent with the largest A-value is equatorial is favored.
The utility... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Piperacillin is not absorbed orally, and must therefore be given by intravenous or intramuscular injection. It has been shown that the bactericidal actions of the drug do not increase with concentrations of piperacillin higher than 4-6× MIC, which means that the drug is concentration-independent in terms of its actions... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Emission channeling is an experimental technique for identifying the position of short-lived radioactive atoms in the lattice of a single crystal.
When the radioactive atoms decay, they emit fast charged particles (e.g., α-particles and β-particles). Because of their charge, the emitted particles interact in characteri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With the late Professor Sir Nicholas Shackleton in charge, the focus of research shifted to marine isotope records, which document changes in the size of polar ice sheets and temperature changes. This research helped to establish the Milankovitch Theory as the most plausible explanation of glacial/interglacial changes ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Depending on the mass of a star, the Oddo-Harkins pattern arises from the burning of progressively more massive elements within a collapsing dying star by fusion processes such as the proton-proton chain, the CNO cycle, and the triple-alpha process. The newly formed elements are ejected slowly via stellar wind, or in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tenuifolins are bio-active terpenoids. Tenuifolins inhibit beta-amyloid synthesis in vitro. Tenuifolins have nootropic activity in vivo via acetylcholinesterase inhibition and increased norepinephrine and dopamine production. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A low pressure ratio fan (such as that used on a high bypass ratio turbofan) has a range of working lines. At high flight speeds, the ram pressure ratio factors up the cold nozzle pressure ratio, causing the nozzle to choke. Above the choking condition, the working lines tend to coalesce into a unique steep straight li... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, pyranose is a collective term for saccharides that have a chemical structure that includes a six-membered ring consisting of five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom (a heterocycle). There may be other carbons external to the ring. The name derives from its similarity to the oxygen heterocycle pyran,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Whether or not a given individuals brain can deal effectively with stress, and thus their susceptibility to depression, depends on the β-catenin in each persons brain, according to a study conducted at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and published November 12, 2014, in the journal Nature. Higher β-catenin s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sum frequency generation spectroscopy uses two laser beams mixed at an interface to generate an output beam with a frequency equal to the sum of the two input frequencies. Sum frequency generation spectroscopy is used to analyze surfaces and interfaces, carrying complementary information to infrared and Raman spectros... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NAPQI, also known as NAPBQI or N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, is a toxic byproduct produced during the xenobiotic metabolism of the analgesic paracetamol (acetaminophen). It is normally produced only in small amounts, and then almost immediately detoxified in the liver.
However, under some conditions in which NAPQI is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The exact solution of the Navier-Stokes solutions was verified experimentally by Zauner in 1985. Further analysis showed that the axial momentum flux decays slowly along the axis unlike the Schlichting jet solution and it is found that the Schneider flow becomes invalid when distance from the origin increases to a dist... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Agroinfiltration is a method used in plant biology and especially lately in plant biotechnology to induce transient expression of genes in a plant, or isolated leaves from a plant, or even in cultures of plant cells, in order to produce a desired protein. In the method, a suspension of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is intr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the Acerinox accident of 1998, the Spanish recycling company Acerinox accidentally melted down a mass of radioactive caesium-137 that came from a gamma-ray generator. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The versatility of spectroelectrochemistry is increasing due to the possibility of using several electrochemical techniques in different spectral regions depending on the purpose of the study and the information of interest.
The main advantages of spectroelectrochemical techniques are:
*The simultaneous information is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In many pairs of liquids, there is no uniformity of attractive forces, i.e., the adhesive (between dissimilar molecules) and cohesive forces (between similar molecules) are not uniform between the two liquids. Therefore, they deviate from Raoult's law, which applies only to ideal solutions. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Superose is a trade name for a collection of FPLC columns which are used in the automated separation of biological molecules. The different columns provided can separate a variety of macromolecules, ranging from small peptides and polysaccharides to DNA strands and entire viruses. The material inside the column is agar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Using a thin coat of polish can prevent tarnish from forming over these metals. Tarnish can be removed by using steel wool, sandpaper, emery paper, baking soda or a file to rub or polish the metal's dull surface. Fine objects (such as silverware) may have the tarnish electrochemically reversed (non-destructively) by r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Propranolol exist in two different enantiomers, (S)-(−)- and (R)-(+)-enantiomers. The (S)-isomer is 100-fold more potent than the (R)-isomer and that is the general rule for most β-blockers. It is possible to produce the (S)-propranolol enantiomer from α-naphthol and 3-bromopropanol as seen in figure 6. α-Naphthol and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Karunadasa grew up in Colombo. She attended high school in Sri Lanka and was a student at Ladies College, Colombo. She thought that she would become a doctor, and eventually decided to apply to university in America. She attended Princeton University, where she worked with Robert Cava on the geometric magnetic frustrat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cervarix, GARDASIL and GARDASIL9 are three recombinant subunit vaccines licensed for the protection against HPV infection. They differ in the strains which they protect the patients from as Cervarix confers protection against type 16 and 18, Gardasil confers protection against type 6, 11, 16 and 18, and Gardasil 9 conf... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
POC is decomposed by a series of microbe-driven processes, such as methanogenesis and sulfate reduction, before burial in the seafloor. Degradation of POC also results in microbial methane production which is the main gas hydrate on the continental margins. Lignin and pollen are inherently resistant to degradation, and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A number of factors can affect the migration of nucleic acids: the dimension of the gel pores (gel concentration), size of DNA being electrophoresed, the voltage used, the ionic strength of the buffer, and the concentration of intercalating dye such as ethidium bromide if used during electrophoresis.
Smaller molecules ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The standard enthalpy change of any reaction can be calculated from the standard enthalpies of formation of reactants and products using Hesss law. A given reaction is considered as the decomposition of all reactants into elements in their standard states, followed by the formation of all products. The heat of reaction... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ground state destabilization theory proposes that the electron-electron repulsion between the alpha lone-pair and nucleophilic electron pair destabilize each other by electronic repulsion (filled–filled orbital interaction) thereby decreasing the activation barrier by increasing the ground state energy and making i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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