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Several applications exist that capitalize on the properties of the various isotopes of a given element. Isotope separation is a significant technological challenge, particularly with heavy elements such as uranium or plutonium. Lighter elements such as lithium, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are commonly separated by ga... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A simple example is a semi-infinite domain bounded by a rigid wall and filled with viscous fluid. At time the wall is made to move with constant speed in a fixed direction (for definiteness, say the direction and consider only the plane), one can see that there is no distinguished length scale given in the problem... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An important physical property characterizing the flow of liquids is viscosity. Intuitively, viscosity describes the resistance of a liquid to flow.
More technically, viscosity measures the resistance of a liquid to deformation at a given rate, such as when it is being sheared at finite velocity. A specific example is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Before Werner, chemists defined the valence of an element as the number of its bonds without distinguishing different types of bonds. However, in complexes such as [Co(NH)]Cl for example, Werner considered that the Co-Cl bonds correspond to a "primary" valence of 3 at long distance, while the Co-NH bonds which correspo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As illustrated by the diagram on the right, additional carbon dioxide () is absorbed by the ocean and reacts with water, carbonic acid () is formed and broken down into both bicarbonate () and hydrogen () ions (gray arrow), which reduces bioavailable carbonate () and decreases ocean pH (black arrow). This is likely to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Zinc–carbon batteries were the first commercially available battery type and are still somewhat frequently used, although they have largely been replaced by the similarly composed alkaline battery. Like the alkaline battery, the zinc–carbon battery contains manganese dioxide and zinc electrodes. Unlike the alkaline bat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In scientific visualization, line integral convolution (LIC) is a method to visualize a vector field, such as fluid motion. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PhSnH, as it is more commonly abbreviated, is prepared by treatment of triphenyltin chloride with lithium aluminium hydride. Although PhSnH is treated as a source of "H·", in fact it does not release free hydrogen atoms, which are extremely reactive species. Instead, PhSnH transfers H to substrates usually via a ra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In radial stagnation flows, instead of a stagnation point, we have a stagnation circle and the stagnation plane is replaced by a stagnation cylinder. The radial stagnation flow is described using the cylindrical coordinate system with velocity components as follows
where is the location of the stagnation cylinder. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Attempts to save a metal from becoming anodic are of two general types. Anodic regions dissolve and destroy the structural integrity of the metal.
While it is almost impossible to prevent anode/cathode formation, if a non-conducting material covers the metal, contact with the electrolyte is not possible and corrosion w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A prokaryote (, also spelled procaryote) is a single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The word prokaryote comes from the Ancient Greek πρό () before and κάρυον () nut, kernel. In the two-empire system arising from the work of Édouard Chatton, prokaryotes were classified with... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A correct reaction mechanism is an important part of accurate predictive modeling. For many combustion and plasma systems, detailed mechanisms are not available or require development.
Even when information is available, identifying and assembling the relevant data from a variety of sources, reconciling discrepant valu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Milton Kerker (September 25, 1920 — May 2, 2016) was an American physical chemist and former professor at department of chemistry at Clarkson University. He is best known for his work on aerosol, interface and colloid science, as well as for pioneering surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Kerker effect in optics is nam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Using the heat-mass transfer analogy, a mass transfer St equivalent can be found using the Sherwood number and Schmidt number in place of the Nusselt number and Prandtl number, respectively.
where
* is the mass Stanton number;
* is the Sherwood number based on length;
* is the Reynolds number based on length;
* is th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
7-nt primer library, 5′-NNNNNNrX-3′, are used in the ligation of a short degenerate oligonucleotide fragmentin, in which N represents any of the four deoxyribonucleotides and Nr represents any of the four ribonucleotides, X is the tested base(A,G,C,T). The ligation to a primer strand of each of the four tested bases in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The degree of compressibility of a fluid has strong implications for its dynamics. Most notably, the propagation of sound is dependent on the compressibility of the medium. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To function in active transport, a membrane protein must meet certain requirements. The first of these is that the interior of the protein must contain a cavity that is able to contain its corresponding molecule or ion. Next, the protein must be able to assume at least two different conformations, one with its cavity o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
BOGS was formed in 1987. The founding members were Prof G.A. Wolff (University of Liverpool),
Dr G.D. Abbott (Newcastle University), Dr J. McEvoy (then at University of Bangor) and Prof S.J. Rowland (University of Plymouth). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bombs in the arctic area of Novaja Zemlja and bombs detonated in or near the stratosphere released cesium-137 that landed in upper Lapland, Finland. Measurements of cesium-137 in 1960's was reportedly 45,000 becquerels. Figures from 2011 have a mid range of about 1,100 becquerels, but strangely, cancer cases are no mor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The unexpected fall in 2011 of a heavy light fixture from the ceiling of the Big Dig vehicular tunnel in Boston revealed that corrosion had weakened its support. Improper use of aluminium in contact with stainless steel had caused rapid corrosion in the presence of salt water. The electrochemical potential difference b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Examples include a series of isoretical catecholate-based MOFs employing hexahudroxytriphenylene (HHTP) as thee organic linker and Ni/Cu/Co as metal nodes. For the hydrothermal synthesis of these MOFs, both organic linker (hexahydroxytriphenylene) and metal ion is dissolved in HO, aqueous ammonia is added and mixture i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are four main limiting factors leading to no initiation of replication in iterons:
*Transcriptional autorepression
*Initiator dimerization
*Initiator titration
*Handcuffing
Transcriptional auto-repression is thought to reduce initiator synthesis by repressing the formation of the Rep proteins. Since these prot... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A countercurrent multiplication loop is a system where fluid flows in a loop so that the entrance and exit are at similar low concentration of a dissolved substance but at the far end of the loop there is a high concentration of that substance. A buffer liquid between the incoming and outgoing tubes receives the concen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A partially coherent interphase boundary is an intermediate type of IPB that lies between the completely coherent and non-coherent IPBs. In this type of boundary, there is a partial match between the atomic arrangements of the particle and the matrix, but not a perfect match. As a result, coherency strains are partiall... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radiochemistry, radiation chemistry and nuclear chemical engineering play a very important role for uranium and thorium fuel precursors synthesis, starting from ores of these elements, fuel fabrication, coolant chemistry, fuel reprocessing, radioactive waste treatment and storage, monitoring of radioactive elements rel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Starting with the sulfate and using ammonium hydroxide as the base, depending on the conditions, one obtains the 9-hydrate, the 6-hydrate, or the 4-hydrate of hexol sulfate. These salts form dark brownish-violet or black tabular crystals, with low solubility in water. When treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The naming of monomeric oxyanions follows the following rules.
Here the halogen group (group 7A, 17) is referred to as group VII and the noble gases group (group 8A) is referred to as group VIII.
; If central atom is not in Group VII or VIII
; If central atom is in Group VII or VIII | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Salt compounds dissociate in aqueous solutions. This property is exploited in the process of salting out. When the salt concentration is increased, some of the water molecules are attracted by the salt ions, which decreases the number of water molecules available to interact with the charged part of the protein.
There ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Chemical Heritage Foundations collections include such pioneering and landmark instruments as a 1934 Beckman Model G pH Meter, a DuPont 900 Differential Thermal Analyzer, an early custom Electro-spray Ionization Mass Spectrometer used by John B. Fenn, a 1947 Mettler B5 Single-Pan Balance, a 1963 Perkin-Elmer Model ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The simulation on the right was completed using a Brownian dynamics simulation. Starting with a Langevin equation for the system,
where is the friction term, is a fluctuating force on the particle, and is the amplitude of the fluctuation. At equilibrium the frictional force is much greater than the inertial force, .... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The AIRMoN sites were primarily used to assess the impacts of emission changes such as potential effects from new sources, federal Clean Air Act controls, and source-receptor relationships in atmospheric models. The network measured the same contaminants as the NTN, but sampling occurred daily during precipitation to p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The hydroformylation of alkenes to give aldehydes is an important industrial process. Almost 6 million tons of aldehydes are produced by this method annually.
Rhodium complexes containing diphosphine ligands are active hydroformylation catalysts.
The ratio of linear to branched aldehyde product depends on the struct... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Side reactions of the alkenes are the isomerization and hydrogenation of the double bond. While the alkanes resulting from hydrogenation of the double bond do not participate further in the reaction, the isomerization of the double bond with subsequent formation of the n-alkyl complexes is a desired reaction. The hydro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the field of "nano" spray drying a new heating system is used to provide the drying gas to produce the particles. The gas flow in the system is laminar and not turbulent as in common spray drying. The advantage of a laminar flow is that the particles fall straight down from the spray head and do not stick to the gla... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transition metal carbyne complexes are most common for the early transition metals, especially niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, and rhenium. They can also have low-valence metals as well as high-valence metals.
The first Fischer carbyne complex was reported in 1973. Two years later in 1975, the first "Schrock ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A goniometer is used to document initial and subsequent range of motion, at the visits for occupational injuries, and by disability evaluators to determine a permanent disability. This is to evaluate progress, and also for medico-legal purposes. It is a tool to evaluate Waddell's signs (findings that may indicate sympt... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The fundamental aminophosphines have the formulae PH(NH) (n = 1, 2, 3). These species cannot be isolated in a practical quantities, although they have been examined theoretically. HNPH is predicted to be more stable than the P(V) tautomer HN=PH.
With secondary amines, the chemistry is more straightforward. Trisamino... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Surface stress was first defined by Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839–1903) as the amount of the reversible work per unit area needed to elastically stretch a pre-existing surface. Depending upon the convention used, the area is either the original, unstretched one which represents a constant number of atoms, or sometimes is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
C/N ratios in the range 4-10:1 are usually from marine sources, whereas higher ratios are likely to come from a terrestrial source. Vascular plants from terrestrial sources tend to have C/N ratios greater than 20. The lack of cellulose, which has a chemical formula of (CHO), and greater amount of proteins in algae vers... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A recently described method by Ehrich et al. further takes advantage of bisulfite-conversions by adding a base-specific cleavage step to enhance the information gained from the nucleotide changes. By first using in vitro transcription of the region of interest into RNA (by adding an RNA polymerase promoter site to the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, the transition state of a chemical reaction is a particular configuration along the reaction coordinate. It is defined as the state corresponding to the highest potential energy along this reaction coordinate. It is often marked with the double dagger (‡) symbol.
As an example, the transition state shown... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
4-Toluenesulfonyl chloride (p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, toluene-p-sulfonyl chloride) is an organic compound with the formula CHCHSOCl. This white, malodorous solid is a reagent widely used in organic synthesis. Abbreviated TsCl or TosCl, it is a derivative of toluene and contains a sulfonyl chloride (−SOCl) functiona... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many template reactions are only stoichiometric, and the decomplexation of the "templating ion" can be difficult. The alkali metal-templated syntheses of crown ether syntheses are notable exceptions. Metal Phthalocyanines are generated by metal-templated condensations of phthalonitriles, but the liberation of metal-fre... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The enhancers determining early segmentation in Drosophila melanogaster embryos are among the best characterized developmental enhancers. In the early fly embryo, the gap gene transcription factors are responsible for activating and repressing a number of segmentation genes, such as the pair rule genes. The gap genes a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The microstructure of a polymer (sometimes called configuration) relates to the physical arrangement of monomer residues along the backbone of the chain. These are the elements of polymer structure that require the breaking of a covalent bond in order to change. Various polymer structures can be produced depending on t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The noise emitted by a jet engine has many sources. These include, in the case of gas turbine engines, the fan, compressor, combustor, turbine and propelling jet/s.
The propelling jet produces jet noise which is caused by the violent mixing action of the high speed jet with the surrounding air. In the subsonic case the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several types of atmospheric aerosol have a significant effect on Earth's climate: volcanic, desert dust, sea-salt, that originating from biogenic sources and human-made. Volcanic aerosol forms in the stratosphere after an eruption as droplets of sulfuric acid that can prevail for up to two years, and reflect sunlight,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Revegetation is often used to join up patches of natural habitat that have been lost and can be a very important tool in places where much of the natural vegetation has been cleared. It is therefore particularly important in urban environments, and research in Brisbane has shown that revegetation projects can significa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are at least five hormones that aid and regulate the digestive system in mammals. There are variations across the vertebrates, as for instance in birds. Arrangements are complex and additional details are regularly discovered. Connections to metabolic control (largely the glucose-insulin system) have been uncover... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although selenium is an essential trace element, it is toxic if taken in excess. Exceeding the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 400 micrograms per day can lead to selenosis. This 400 microgram (µg) Tolerable Upper Intake Level is based primarily on a 1986 study of five Chinese patients who exhibited overt signs of selen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The long-term water management plan for the Mount Polley mine site has been approved by an independent statutory-decision maker from the Ministry of Environment and is expected to be fully in place by fall 2017 and will replace the short-term water management plan that has been in place since 30 November 2015.
Mount Po... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Safety pharmacology is a branch of pharmacology specialising in detecting and investigating potential undesirable pharmacodynamic effects of new chemical entities (NCEs) on physiological functions in relation to exposure in the therapeutic range and above.
Primary organ systems (so-called core battery systems) are:
* C... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This is an example of a system with several phases, which at ordinary temperatures are two solids and a gas. There are three chemical species (CaCO, CaO and CO) and one reaction:
: CaCO CaO + CO.
The number of components is then 3 - 1 = 2. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anodized aluminium surfaces that are not regularly cleaned are susceptible to panel edge staining, a unique type of surface staining that can affect the structural integrity of the metal. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The microcystin-producing Microcystis is a genus of freshwater cyanobacteria and thrives in warm water conditions, especially in stagnant waters. The EPA predicted in 2013 that climate change and changing environmental conditions may lead to harmful algae growth and may negatively impact human health. Algal growth is a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aluminium is sometimes used due to its low cost, resistance to corrosion and solvents, and its ductility. Aluminium tube is more desirable than steel for the conveyance of flammable solvents, since it cannot create sparks when manipulated. Aluminium tubing can be connected by flare or compression fittings, or it can be... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The concentration of calcium in the cell nucleus can increase in response to signals from the environment. Nuclear calcium is an evolutionary conserved potent regulator of gene expression that allows cells to undergo long-lasting adaptive responses. The 'Nuclear Calcium Hypothesis’ by Hilmar Bading describes nuclear ca... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
STAT5 has been found to be constitutively phosphorylated in cancer cells, implying that the protein is always present in its active form. This constant activation is brought about either by mutations or by aberrant expressions of cell signalling, resulting in poor regulation, or complete lack of control, of the activat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Early in his career, Kai Simons pursued research in the field of medical biochemistry. Both his master's thesis and postgraduate research focused on vitamin B12 absorption. After returning from his post-doc scholarship he continued research on vitamin B12 as well as on blood plasma proteins, but soon started investigat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The basic method is that the valence V of an atom is the sum of the individual bond valences v surrounding the atom:
The individual bond valences in turn are calculated from the observed bond lengths.
R is the observed bond length, R is a tabulated parameter expressing the (ideal) bond length when the element i has exa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term "biological target" is frequently used in pharmaceutical research to describe the native protein in the body whose activity is modified by a drug resulting in a specific effect, which may be a desirable therapeutic effect or an unwanted adverse effect. In this context, the biological target is often referred ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SAMs are an inexpensive and versatile surface coating for applications including control of wetting and adhesion, chemical resistance, bio compatibility, sensitization, and molecular recognition for sensors and nano fabrication. Areas of application for SAMs include biology, electrochemistry and electronics, nanoelectr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to the difficulty of C-C activation, a driving force is required to facilitate the reaction. One common strategy is to form stable metal complexes. One example is reported by Milstein and coworkers, in which the C(sp)–C(sp) bond of bisphosphine ligands was selectively cleaved by a number of metals to afford stable ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mechanical screening, often just called screening, is the practice of taking granulated or crushed ore material and separating it into multiple grades by particle size.
This practice occurs in a variety of industries such as mining and mineral processing, agriculture, pharmaceutical, food, plastics, and recycling.
A me... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Growing algae as a source of biofuel has also been shown to have numerous environmental benefits, and has presented itself as a much more environmentally friendly alternative to current biofuels. For one, it is able to utilize run-off, water contaminated with fertilizers and other nutrients that are a by-product of far... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several cities in Poland have implemented policies and incentives to encourage the installation of green roofs, including Warsaw, Krakow, and Wroclaw. These policies have helped to increase the adoption of green roofs in the country, particularly in urban areas, where they are seen as an important tool for mitigating t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In outer sphere redox reactions no bonds are formed or broken; only an electron transfer (ET) takes place. A quite simple example is the Fe/Fe redox reaction, the self exchange reaction which is known to be always occurring in an aqueous solution containing the aquo complexes [Fe(HO)] and [Fe(HO)6]. Redox occurs with G... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* The 1967 novel Landslide by Desmond Bagley, tells the story of a quick-clay landslide in Canada. The book was also adapted into a 1992 television film by the same name, directed by Jean-Claude Lord, and starring Anthony Edwards. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reductions with hydrosilanes are methods used for hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of organic compounds. The approach is a subset of ionic hydrogenation. In this particular method, the substrate is treated with a hydrosilane and auxiliary reagent, often a strong acid, resulting in formal transfer of hydride from silic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
α-Keggin anions have been used as catalyst in the following reactions: hydration, polymerization and oxidation reaction as catalysts. Japanese chemical companies have commercialized the use of the compounds in hydration of propene, oxidation of methacrolein, hydration of isobutene and n-butene, and polymerization of TH... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A heterogeneous electrocatalyst is one that is present in a different phase of matter from the reactants, for example, a solid surface catalyzing a reaction in solution. Different types of heterogeneous electrocatalyst materials are shown above in green. Since heterogeneous electrocatalytic reactions need an electron ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hollow cathode lamps (HCL) are the most common radiation source in LS AAS. Inside the sealed lamp, filled with argon or neon gas at low pressure, is a cylindrical metal cathode containing the element of interest and an anode. A high voltage is applied across the anode and cathode, resulting in an ionization of the fill... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The specific activity of an enzyme is another common unit. This is the activity of an enzyme per milligram of total protein (expressed in μmol min mg). Specific activity gives a measurement of enzyme purity in the mixture. It is the micro moles of product formed by an enzyme in a given amount of time (minutes) under gi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Between the three variants of the AnMBR, there are many factors that weigh into their industrial use.
Cost: The submerged AnMBR variant is the most cost-effective due to the low negative pressure requirements. In addition, the liquid does not need to be pumped into an external chamber to go through the filtration proce... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plastocyanin is an electron carrier that transfers the electron from cytochrome b6f to the P700 cofactor of PSI in its ionized state P700. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ferritin concentrations increase drastically in the presence of an infection or cancer. Endotoxins are an up-regulator of the gene coding for ferritin, thus causing the concentration of ferritin to rise. By contrast, organisms such as Pseudomonas, although possessing endotoxin, cause plasma ferritin levels to drop sign... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
BEI is very hazardous since it attacks nucleic acids and proteins as described above. It can be neutralised by sodium thiosulfate; the thiosulfate is a nucleophile which opens the three-membered ring.
The presence of BEI can be tested for using silver nitrate solution. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Permian–Triassic extinction event, triggered by runaway from the Siberian Traps, was marked by ocean deoxygenation.
The boundary between the Ordovician and Silurian periods is marked by repetitive periods of anoxia, interspersed with normal, oxic conditions. In addition, anoxic periods are found during the Siluria... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Protein Information Resource (PIR), located at Georgetown University Medical Center, is an integrated public bioinformatics resource to support genomic and proteomic research, and scientific studies. It contains protein sequences databases | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
m + n + o + p − q = 2 + 20 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 22 SEPs are required; 16 BH units provide 16 pairs; four shared boron atoms provide 6 pairs, which describes why is stable as a neutral species. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The biogeography of Southern Ocean phytoplankton controls the local biogeochemistry and the export of macronutrients to lower latitudes and depth. Of particular relevance is the competitive interaction between coccolithophores and diatoms, with the former being prevalent along the Great Calcite Belt (40–60°S), while di... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Belgian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BMB) is a Belgian non-profit organization, concerned with biochemistry and molecular biology.
The BMB was created, based on an initiative of Marcel Florkin, so a Belgian society could join the new International Union of Biochemistry. The first charter of the so... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Magnesium oxalate can by synthesized by combining a magnesium salt or ion with an oxalate.
: Mg + CO → MgCO
A specific example of a synthesis would be mixing Mg(NO) and KOH and then adding that solution to dimethyl oxalate, (COOCH).
When heated, magnesium oxalate will decompose. First, the dihydrate will decompose at 1... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The general location of the proton drip line is well established. For all elements occurring naturally on earth and having an odd number of protons, at least one species with a proton separation energy less than zero has been experimentally observed. Up to germanium, the location of the drip line for many elements with... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* 2021 Royal Society Elected fellow
* 2018 Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker Otto Roelen Medal
* 2017 UK Catalysis Hub Sir John Meurig Thomas Catalysis Medal
* 2016 Royal Society of Chemistry Corday-Morgan Prize
* 2015 WISE Campaign Research Award
* 2011 Bio-Environmental Polymer Society Outstanding Young Scientist Award... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells. LDH catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and back, as it converts NAD to NADH and back. A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that transfers a hydride from one molecule to another.
LDH exists in four distinct enzyme classes. This articl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A high concentration of biomass allows for microbes such as nitrifiers, denitrifiers, phosphorus accumulating organisms, and denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms to effectively treat domestic wastewater. Carbon source is of vital importance to biological phosphorus removal due to the availability of volatile ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The discreteness condition means that there is some positive real number ε, such that for every translation T in the group, the vector v has length at least ε (except of course in the case that v is the zero vector, but the independent translations condition prevents this, since any set that contains the zero vector is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Antibiotics
Disrupt growth and development and reduce longevity of adults e.g. toxins or digestibility reducing factors.
*Antixenotics
Disrupt normal host selection behaviour e.g. Repellents, suppressants, locomotory excitants. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The molecular formula HNO (molar mass: 62.03 g/mol) may refer to:
* Hyponitrite ion
* Hyponitrous acid
* Nitramide | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Selegiline is metabolized by cytochrome P450 to -desmethylselegiline and levomethamphetamine. Desmethylselegiline has some activity against MAO-B, but much less than that of selegiline. It is thought to be further metabolized by CYP2C19. Levomethamphetamine (the less potent of the two enantiomers of methamphetamine) is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
These second generation mTOR inhibitors bind to ATP-binding site in mTOR kinase domain required for the functions of both mTORC1 and mTORC2, and result in downregulation of mTOR signaling pathway. Due to PI3K and mTORC2 ability to regulate AKT phosphorylation, these two compounds play a key role in minimizing the feedb... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Substantial intensity of ultrasound and high ultrasonic vibration amplitudes are required for many processing applications, such as nano-crystallization, nano-emulsification, deagglomeration, extraction, cell disruption, as well as many others. Commonly, a process is first tested on a laboratory scale to prove feasibil... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Also more complex azeotropes exist, which comprise both a minimum-boiling and a maximum-boiling point. Such a system is called a double azeotrope, and will have two azeotropic compositions and boiling points. An example is water and N-methylethylenediamine as well as benzene and hexafluorobenzene. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cells metabolize DHA to 17S-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (17-HpDHA) and then rapidly reduce this hydroperoxide to 17S-hydroxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA) and similarly metabolize DHA to 13S-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,14Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (13-HpDHA) and then to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The molecule displays P(═O)H to P–OH tautomerism similar to that of phosphorous acid; the P(═O) form is strongly favoured.
HPA is usually supplied as a 50% aqueous solution and heating at low temperatures (up to about 90°C) prompts it to react with water to form phosphorous acid and hydrogen gas.
: HPO + HO → HPO + H
H... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Moving bed biofilm reactors have shown promising results to remove micropollutations (MPs) from wastewater. MPs fall into several groups of chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), care products and endocrine disruptors. A 2012 article reported described the use of MBBR technology to remov... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methylations are commonly performed using electrophilic methyl sources such as iodomethane, dimethyl sulfate, dimethyl carbonate, or tetramethylammonium chloride. Less common but more powerful (and more dangerous) methylating reagents include methyl triflate, diazomethane, and methyl fluorosulfonate (magic methyl). The... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The human hNanog protein coded by the NANOG gene, consists of 305 amino acids and possesses 3 functional domains: the N-terminal domain, the C- terminal domain, and the conserved homeodomain motif. The homeodomain region facilitates DNA binding. The NANOG is located on chromosome 12, and the mRNA contains a 915 bp open... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Impregnation is, in essence, the converse of extraction. A substance is dissolved in the supercritical fluid, the solution flowed past a solid substrate, and is deposited on or dissolves in the substrate. Dyeing, which is readily carried out on polymer fibres such as polyester using disperse (non-ionic) dyes, is a spec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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