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Tholins were detected in situ by the Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Tholins are not typically characteristic of main-belt asteroids, but have been detected on the asteroid 24 Themis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A potentiometric sensor is a type of chemical sensor that may be used to determine the analytical concentration of some components of the analyte gas or solution. These sensors measure the electrical potential of an electrode when no current is present. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Corrosion inhibitors are substances used in the oil industry to protect equipment and pipes against corrosion. Corrosion is a common problem in the oil industry due to the presence of water, gases, and other corrosive contaminants in the production environment.
Anodic inhibitors and cathodic inhibitors are the two main... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Initially, in a glutamatergic synapse, the neurotransmitter glutamate is released from the neurons and is taken up into the synaptic cleft. Glutamate residing in the synapse must be rapidly removed in one of three ways:
# Uptake into the postsynaptic compartment,
# Re-uptake into the presynaptic compartment, or
# Upta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gold(III) bromide can be used as a testing reagent for the presence of ketamine.
0.25% 0.1M NaOH is prepared to give a brownish-yellow solution. Two drops of this are added to a spotting plate and a small amount of ketamine is added. The mixture gives a deep purple color within approximately one minute, which turns to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Consider two stationary plane walls with a constant volume flow rate is injected/sucked at the point of intersection of plane walls and let the angle subtended by two walls be . Take the cylindrical coordinate system with representing point of intersection and the centerline and are the corresponding velocity comp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
NB: the above classification is very rough. Undular hydraulic jumps have been observed with inflow/prejump Froude numbers up to 3.5 to 4. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The furanose ring is a cyclic hemiacetal of an aldopentose or a cyclic hemiketal of a ketohexose.
A furanose ring structure consists of four carbon and one oxygen atom with the anomeric carbon to the right of the oxygen. The highest numbered chiral carbon (typically to the left of the oxygen in a Haworth projection) de... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most plant species studied to date are recognised to constitutively express paucimannosidic N-glycoproteins. The paucimannosidic N-glycoproteins are abundantly expressed in the vacuoles of plants such as the legume seeds of Lotus japonicus, the rice seeds and leaves of Oryza sativa. Literature has provided evidence for... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term Reststrahlen was coined following the observation by Heinrich Rubens in 1898 that repeated reflection of an infrared beam at the surface of a given material suppresses radiation at all wavelengths except for certain spectral intervals, and Rubens detected wavelengths of sizes around 60 μm. The measured intensi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters are intramolecular esters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids. They can be saturated or unsaturated. Some contain heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
Lactones are formed by intramolecular esterification of the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids, which... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In eukaryotes, ribosomal rRNA and the tRNAs involved in translation are controlled by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) . RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) is responsible for the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) within the cell. Particularly for Pol II, much of the regulatory checkpoints in the tran... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOCS1 gene. SOCS1 orthologs have been identified in several mammals for which complete genome data are available. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The second most studied triad is the Cysteine-Histidine-Aspartate motif. Several families of cysteine proteases use this triad set, for example TEV protease and papain. The triad acts similarly to serine protease triads, with a few notable differences. Due to cysteines low pK, the importance of the Asp to catalysis var... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The John J. Abel Award is an annual award presented by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). The award is given for outstanding research in the field of pharmacology and/or experimental therapeutics; which comes with a $5000 prize, An engraved plaque, and all travel expenses paid ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Life in sea ice is energetically demanding, and sets limits at any hierarchical, organizational, and organismic level, ranging from molecules to everything that an organism does. Despite this fact, the brine-containing interstices and pockets found in sea ice host a variety of organisms, including bacteria, autotrophic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Caused by different structural modifications in the genome, fusion genes have gained attention because of their relationship with cancer. The ability of RNA-Seq to analyze a sample's whole transcriptome in an unbiased fashion makes it an attractive tool to find these kinds of common events in cancer.
The idea follows f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An alternative classification with broader scope is suggested by Yujiro Hayashi as he describes certain organocatalytic Aldol reactions as taking place in the presence of water. The observed effect in these reactions is not rate acceleration (that would be on water), but an increase in enantioselectivity.
In the conte... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because they form a strong electrophile when treated with Lewis acids, acyl halides are commonly used as acylating agents. For example, Friedel–Crafts acylation uses acetyl chloride () as the agent and aluminum chloride () as a catalyst to add an acetyl group to benzene:
This reaction is an example of electrophilic aro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* EAS Award for Outstanding Achievements in the Fields of Analytical Chemistry (2023)
* Martin Medal (2019)
* Ralph N. Adams Award in Bioanalyical Chemistry (2016)
* ACS Award in Chromatography (2017)
* CASSS Award for Outstanding Achievements in Separation Science (2017)
* Marcel Golay Award for Lifetime Achievement ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gamma rays are produced during gamma decay, which normally occurs after other forms of decay occur, such as alpha or beta decay. A radioactive nucleus can decay by the emission of an alpha particle| or beta particle| particle. The daughter nucleus that results is usually left in an excited state. It can then decay to a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Making a distinction between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures is a matter of the scale of sampling. On a coarse enough scale, any mixture can be said to be homogeneous, if the entire article is allowed to count as a "sample" of it. On a fine enough scale, any mixture can be said to be heterogeneous, because a sam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are three processes for metallic pipe manufacture. Centrifugal casting of hot alloyed metal is one of the most prominent process. Ductile iron pipes are generally manufactured in such a fashion.
Seamless pipe (SMLS) is formed by drawing a solid billet over a piercing rod to create the hollow shell in a process c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biological crosstalk refers to instances in which one or more components of one signal transduction pathway affects another. This can be achieved through a number of ways with the most common form being crosstalk between proteins of signaling cascades. In these signal transduction pathways, there are often shared compo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Silicate, or silicic acid (HSiO), is an important nutrient in the ocean. Unlike the other major nutrients such as phosphate, nitrate, or ammonium, which are needed by almost all marine plankton, silicate is an essential chemical requirement for very specific biota, including diatoms, radiolaria, silicoflagellates, and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because of the small size of the fluidic conduits, nanofluidic structures are naturally applied in situations demanding that samples be handled in exceedingly small quantities, including Coulter counting,
analytical separations and determinations of biomolecules, such as proteins and DNA,
and facile handling of mass-... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An experiment observing chilling stress on the tropical plant species, Spathiphyllum wallisii by scientists Maria Segura and Maria Quiles, showcased varying responses by chlororespiratory pathways when different parts of the plant were chilled at 10 degrees Celsius.
Segura and Quiles noticed that when the roots of the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rudd serves as an associate of the Anglican Church at the Community of St Mary the Virgin in Wantage, Oxfordshire. She took a fifteen-year career break to raise her four children. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The third line shape that has a theoretical basis is the Voigt function, a convolution of a Gaussian and a Lorentzian,
where σ and γ are half-widths. The computation of a Voigt function and its derivatives are more complicated than a Gaussian or Lorentzian. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In epigenetics, a paramutation is an interaction between two alleles at a single locus, whereby one allele induces a heritable change in the other allele. The change may be in the pattern of DNA methylation or histone modifications. The allele inducing the change is said to be paramutagenic, while the allele that has b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Titration (also known as titrimetry and volumetric analysis) is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte (a substance to be analyzed). A reagent, termed the titrant or titrator, is prepared as a standard solution of known concentration and volu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jones was honoured with a stone grotesque in the Great Court of the University of Queensland placed on the Forgan Smith building. An annual lecture is presented in his name at the University of Queensland in the School of Chemistry of Molecular Biosciences. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Permeable pavements enable greater retention of water in city environments, which are at greater risk for high temperatures due to the heat island effect. Similar to green roofs, permeable paving keeps water within the local microecosystem, which in turn keeps temperatures cooler when compared to a non-permeable paving... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As far as we can tell, oxygenic photosynthesis only evolved once (in prokaryotic cyanobacteria), and all photosynthetic eukaryotes (including all plants and algae) have acquired this ability from them. In other words, all the oxygen that makes the atmosphere breathable for aerobic organisms originally comes from cyanob... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The properties of many polymers are affected by hydrogen bonds within and/or between the chains. Prominent examples include cellulose and its derived fibers, such as cotton and flax. In nylon, hydrogen bonds between carbonyl and the amide NH effectively link adjacent chains, which gives the material mechanical strengt... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Christopher Bruce Murray is the Richard Perry University Professor of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a Fellow of the Materials Research Society. He was a Clarivate Citation Laureate in 2020. He is known for hi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Making the connections stiffer and stronger than the strut members means that stress response is governed by the struts. Extending dimensional scaling methods to include the connections shows that the mass density cost of robust connections – which scale with the strut's cross-sectional area – is low for ultralight mat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Société Coloniale des Chaux et Ciments de Portland de Marseille (Colonial Company for Lime and Portland Cements in Marseille) owned and operated cement works in L'Estaque near Marseille in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The lactate shuttle hypothesis describes the movement of lactate intracellularly (within a cell) and intercellularly (between cells). The hypothesis is based on the observation that lactate is formed and utilized continuously in diverse cells under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Further, lactate produced at si... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Here, the OAA produced by PEPC is transaminated by aspartate aminotransferase to aspartate (ASP) which is the metabolite diffusing to the bundle sheath. In the bundle sheath ASP is transaminated again to OAA and then undergoes a futile reduction and oxidative decarboxylation to release . The resulting Pyruvate is trans... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some debate exists surrounding the exact cause of whiting events. And although much research exists on the subject, there is still no definitive consensus on the chemical mechanisms behind it. The three most common suggested causes for the phenomenon are: microbiological processes, re-suspension of marine or bottom sed... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Raphaël Horace Dubois (20 June 1849, Le Mans – 21 January 1929) was a French pharmacologist known for his work on bioluminescence and anesthesia. He coined the terms proteon and bioproteon, from the Greek "proteon" for matter and "bios" for life. Bioproteon means "living matter". He concluded that there was no differ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Kerker was born on September 25, 1920, in Utica, New York. He received his A.B. in chemistry from Columbia University in 1941. From 1942 to 1945, he was a member of United States Army and received Bronze Star Medal for his service. He married his wife, Reva Stemerman, in 1946. Graduating from Columbia University with a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Benzyl carbamate is the organic compound with the formula CHCHOC(O)NH. The compound can be viewed as the ester of carbamic acid (O=C(OH)(NH)) and benzyl alcohol, although it is produced from benzyl chloroformate with ammonia. It is a white solid that is soluble in organic solvents and moderately soluble in water. Ben... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another major use of -ascorbic acid is as a dietary supplement. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In recent years, pheromone traps also partook in the digital transformation in agriculture, and agritech companies introduced digital pheromone traps. Also known as Pest Traps, digital pheromone traps are IoT devices that include systems to detect and identify pests in the field. Their main goal is to notice pests and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many of the noble metals can act as catalysts. For example, platinum is used in catalytic converters, devices which convert toxic gases produced in car engines, such as the oxides of nitrogen, into non-polluting substances.
Gold has many industrial applications; it is used as a catalyst in hydrogenation and the water g... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Soddy and Kasimir Fajans independently observed in 1913 that alpha decay caused atoms to shift down two places in the periodic table, while the loss of two beta particles restored it to its original position. In the resulting reorganisation of the periodic table, radium was placed in group II, actinium in group III, th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A neutral atom has the same number of electrons as protons. Thus different isotopes of a given element all have the same number of electrons and share a similar electronic structure. Because the chemical behavior of an atom is largely determined by its electronic structure, different isotopes exhibit nearly identical c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the Arrhenius equation, the term activation energy (E) is used to describe the energy required to reach the transition state, and the exponential relationship holds. In transition state theory, a more sophisticated model of the relationship between reaction rates and the transition state, a superficially similar m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* when a non-innocent ligand is present, of hidden or unexpected redox properties that could otherwise be assigned to the central atom. An example is the nickel dithiolate complex, .
* when the redox ambiguity of a central atom and ligand yields dichotomous oxidation states of close stability, thermally induced tautome... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Paramanu is a technical term in Hinduism. It is defined as the smallest and indivisible particle of matter. In Hindi and Bengali language paramanu refers to the atom.
In Jainism it is one of the two types of Pudgala (matter), the other being Skandha. It also helps to define smallest measure of space. All the Parmanus o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lightweight textiles with porous surfaces are the most flammable fabrics. Wool is less flammable than cotton, linen, silk, or viscose (rayon). Polyester and nylon resist ignition, and melt rather than catch fire. Acrylic is the most flammable synthetic fiber. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The largest number of lichenized fungi occur in the Ascomycota, with about 40% of species forming such an association. Some of these lichenized fungi occur in orders with nonlichenized fungi that live as saprotrophs or plant parasites (for example, the Leotiales, Dothideales, and Pezizales). Other lichen fungi occur in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This phenomenon was first discovered by Dorn in 1879. He observed that a vertical electric field had developed in a suspension of glass beads in water, as the beads were settling. This was the origin of sedimentation potential, which is often referred to as the Dorn effect.
Smoluchowski built the first models to calcul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chayen is best known for her invention of novel protein crystallization methods. In 1990, she first published a method of suspending droplets of protein solution and precipitant solutions in low-density paraffin oil to prevent evaporation during the microbatch crystallization process. The microbatch process can be suit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The function of the central carbon metabolism (metabolism of glucose) has been fine-tuned to exactly meet the needs of the building blocks and Gibbs free energy in conjunction with cell growth. There is therefore tight regulation of the fluxes through the central carbon metabolism.
The flux in a reaction can be defined... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Next to the potential antimicrobial functionality, quorum-sensing derived molecules, especially the peptides, are being investigated for their use in other therapeutic domains as well, including immunology, central nervous system disorders and oncology. Quorum-sensing peptides have been demonstrated to interact with ca... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The chemiluminescence of the system luminol/cobalt(II) chloride is dramatically enhanced by the addition of hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The White catalyst has been found to be an effective catalyst for an oxidative version of the classic Heck reaction. Rather than performing allylic C-H cleavage—a relatively slow process—the catalyst quickly transmetallates with a boronic acid. This aryl palladium intermediate undergoes a 1,2-addition across the alkene... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reactivity ratios indicate preference for propagation. Large indicates a tendency for to add , while small corresponds to a tendency for to add . Values of describe the tendency of to add or . From the definition of reactivity ratios, several special cases can be derived:
* If both reactivity ratios are very hi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are two limiting cases of the Butler–Volmer equation:
* the low overpotential region (called "polarization resistance", i.e., when E ≈ E), where the Butler–Volmer equation simplifies to:
* the high overpotential region, where the Butler–Volmer equation simplifies to the Tafel equation. When , the first term domin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A further subclass of catalytic triad variants are pseudoenzymes, which have triad mutations that make them catalytically inactive, but able to function as binding or structural proteins. For example, the heparin-binding protein Azurocidin is a member of the PA clan, but with a glycine in place of the nucleophile and a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following derivation is adapted from Foundations of Chemical Kinetics.
This derivation assumes the reaction . Consider a sphere of radius , centered at a spherical molecule A, with reactant B flowing in and out of it. A reaction is considered to occur if molecules A and B touch, that is, when the distance between t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
However, most plants do not have CAM and must therefore open and close their stomata during the daytime, in response to changing conditions, such as light intensity, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration. When conditions are conducive to stomatal opening (e.g., high light intensity and high humidity), a proton pum... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ammonia oxidation in autotrophic nitrification is a complex process that requires several enzymes as well as oxygen as a reactant. The key enzymes necessary for releasing energy during oxidation of ammonia to nitrite are ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO). The first is a transmembrane co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thionyl chloride converts phosphonic acids and phosphonates into phosphoryl chlorides. It is for this type of reaction that thionyl chloride is listed as a Schedule 3 compound, as it can be used in the "di-di" method of producing G-series nerve agents. For example, thionyl chloride converts dimethyl methylphosphonate i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NURF interacts with chromatin by binding to modified histones or interacting with various transcription factors. NURF catalyzes nucleosome sliding in either direction on DNA without any apparent modifications to the histone octamer itself. NURF is essential for the expression of homeotic genes. The ISWI ATPase specific... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Solutions of urea and ammonium nitrate in water (UAN) are commonly used as a liquid fertilizer. In admixture, the combined solubility of ammonium nitrate and urea is so much higher than that of either component alone that it gives a stable solution with a total nitrogen content (32%) approaching that of solid ammonium ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Of all light emitters in the ocean, bio-luminescent bacteria is the most abundant and diverse. However, the distribution of bio-luminescent bacteria is uneven, which suggests evolutionary adaptations. The bacterial species in terrestrial genera such as Photorhabdus are bio-luminescent. On the other hand, marine genera ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dibasic esters are used in paints, coil coatings, paint strippers, coatings, plasticisers, resins, binders, solvents, polyols, soil stabilization, chemical grouting, oilfield drilling fluids, crop protection products, cedar spray, and adhesives. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tritium is a low-energy beta emitter commonly used as a radiotracer in research and in traser self-powered lightings. The half-life of tritium is 12.3 years. The electrons from beta emission from tritium are so low in energy (average decay energy 5.7 keV) that a Geiger counter cannot be used to detect them. An advanta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Coomber's relationship can be used to describe how the internal pressure and dielectric constant of a non-polar liquid are related.
As , which defines the internal pressure of a liquid, it can be found that:
where
* is equal to the number of molecules
* is the ionization potential of the liquid
* is a temperature depen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A paracrystalline lattice, or paracrystal, is a molecular or atomic lattice with significant amounts (e.g., larger than a few percent) of partial disordering of molecular arrangements. Limiting cases of the paracrystal model are nanostructures, such as glasses, liquids, etc., that may possess only local ordering and no... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The replication of technique in copper production includes a vast number of possibilities in trying to recreate what has been found through archaeological excavation. Tylecote and Boydell have experimented on possible explanations for the levels of iron found in certain copper objects and the possibility of removing ex... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Meyer sets include
*The points of any lattice
*The vertices of any rhombic Penrose tiling
*The Minkowski sum of another Meyer set with any nonempty finite set
*Any relatively dense subset of another Meyer set | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The construction of more complex molecular machines is an active area of theoretical and experimental research. Though a diverse variety of AMMs are known today, experimental studies of these molecules are inhibited by the lack of methods to construct these molecules. In this context, theoretical modeling has emerged ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most reliable methods are direct plate count method and membrane filtration method. mEndo Agar is used in the membrane filtration while VRBA Agar is used in the direct plate count method. VRBA stands for violet red bile agar. A media that contains bile salts which promotes the growth of gram negative and has inhibi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1878, along with Jacques-Louis Soret, Delafontaine first observed holmium spectroscopically. In 1879, Per Teodor Cleve chemically separated it from thulium and erbium. All three men are given credit for the element's discovery. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cieplak's proposal is supported by investigating the effects of various electronic substituents on product distribution. By installing an electron-withdrawing substituent such as a methoxy group at the C2 position, the reduction of substituted cyclohexanones begins to favor equatorial attack. This is because the axial ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If V is the molar volume and T the critical temperature of a liquid the surface tension γ is given by
where k is a constant valid for all liquids, with a value of 2.1×10 J/(K·mol).
More precise values can be gained when considering that the line normally passes the temperature axis 6 K before the critical point:
The mo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A myokine is one of several hundred cytokines or other small proteins (~5–20 kDa) and proteoglycan peptides that are produced and released by skeletal muscle cells (muscle fibers) in response to muscular contractions. They have autocrine, paracrine and/or endocrine effects; their systemic effects occur at picomolar con... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
mRNA display is a display technique used for in vitro protein, and/or peptide evolution to create molecules that can bind to a desired target. The process results in translated peptides or proteins that are associated with their mRNA progenitor via a puromycin linkage. The complex then binds to an immobilized target i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polymers are high molecular mass compounds formed by polymerization of monomers. They are synthesized by the polymerization process and can be modified by the additive of monomers. The additives of monomers change polymers mechanical property, processability, durability and so on. The simple reactive molecule from whic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anaerobic membrane bioreactor or AnMBR is the name of a technology utilized in wastewater treatment. It is a technology in membrane filtration for biomass retention. AnMBR works by using a membrane bioreactor (MBR) in a anaerobic environment. Anaerobic bacteria ( Mesophile or Thermophile) and archaea convert organic m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Zisman plot the graphical method of the Zisman theory or the Zisman method for characterizing the wettability of a solid surface [https://www.kruss-scientific.com/services/education-theory/glossary/method-according-to-zisman/], named for the American chemist and geophysicist, William Albert Zisman (1905–1986). It ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
BioLiP is a comprehensive ligand–protein interaction database, with the 3D structure of the ligand–protein interactions taken from the Protein Data Bank. [http://manoraa.org/ MANORAA] is a webserver for analyzing conserved and differential molecular interaction of the ligand in complex with protein structure homologs f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In humans endoglin may be involved in the autosomal dominant disorder known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) type 1. HHT is actually the first human disease linked to the TGF beta receptor complex. This condition leads to frequent nose bleeds, telangiectases on skin and mucosa and may cause arteriovenous ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Complex metallic alloys (CMAs) or complex intermetallics (CIMs) are intermetallic compounds characterized by the following structural features:
#large unit cells, comprising some tens up to thousands of atoms,
#the presence of well-defined atom clusters, frequently of icosahedral point group symmetry,
#the occurrence ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dettre and Johnson discovered in 1964 that the superhydrophobic lotus effect phenomenon was related to rough hydrophobic surfaces, and they developed a theoretical model based on experiments with glass beads coated with paraffin or TFE telomer. The self-cleaning property of superhydrophobic micro-nanostructured surface... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many systems of interest have a total density of states with the power-law form:
for some values of , , . The results of preceding sections generalize to dimensions, giving a power law with:
* for non-relativistic particles in a -dimensional box,
* for non-relativistic particles in a -dimensional harmonic potential ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Agonists and antagonists form certain chemical bonds with amino acids that construct the MOR. The majority of antagonists, as well as agonists, are predicted to form charged interaction with Asp147 and a hydrogen bond with Tyr148. However, majority of antagonists also form additional polar interactions with other amino... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Chinese tradition of using toxic heavy metals in elixirs of immortality has historical parallels in Ayurvedic medicine. Rasa shastra is the practice of adding metals and minerals to herbal medicines, rasayana is an alchemical tradition that used mercury and cinnabar for lengthening lifespan, raseśvara is a traditio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The other use of additive effect is to detect antagonism. Similarly, additive effect can be considered as the baseline effect in methods of determining the presence of antagonistic effect between drugs. Pharmacists can confirm the presence of antagonism when the combination effect of drugs is less than additive effect.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chymia was an annual peer-reviewed academic journal published in 12 volumes from 1948 to 1967. In 1947 a committee chaired by Charles Albert Browne Jr. and consisting of four other members, Claude K. Deischer, Rudolf Hirsch, Herbert S. Klickstein, and Henry M. Leicester, established the journal. The first issue was pub... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oxacillin (trade name Bactocill) is a narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class developed by Beecham.
It was patented in 1960 and approved for medical use in 1962. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The colloidal gold protein assay is a highly sensitive biochemical assay for determining the total concentration of protein in a solution (~0.1 ng/µL to 200 ng/µL). It was first described in 1987 by two groups who used commercially available "Aurodye" colloidal gold solutions. Notably, the formulation of Aurodye change... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
RNA editing through the addition and deletion of uracil has been found in kinetoplasts from the mitochondria of Trypanosoma brucei.
Because this may involve a large fraction of the sites in a gene, it is sometimes called "pan-editing" to distinguish it from topical editing of one or a few sites.
Pan-editing starts with... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pyruvate cycling commonly refers to an intracellular loop of spatial movements and chemical transformations involving pyruvate. Spatial movements occur between mitochondria and cytosol and chemical transformations create various Krebs cycle intermediates. In all variants, pyruvate is imported into the mitochondrion for... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A reasonably accurate value of the atomic mass unit was first obtained indirectly by Josef Loschmidt in 1865, by estimating the number of particles in a given volume of gas. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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