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Sucrose esters are off-white powders. Though produced from sucrose, sucrose esters do not have a sweet taste, but are bland or bitter. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Luciferin () is a generic term for the light-emitting compound found in organisms that generate bioluminescence. Luciferins typically undergo an enzyme-catalyzed reaction with molecular oxygen. The resulting transformation, which usually involves breaking off a molecular fragment, produces an excited state intermediate... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
2D correlation analysis is frequently used for its main advantage: increasing the spectral resolution by spreading overlapping peaks over two dimensions and as a result simplification of the interpretation of one-dimensional spectra that are otherwise visually indistinguishable from each other. Further advantages are i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In atomic physics, the spectral optical depth of a cloud of atoms can be calculated from the quantum-mechanical properties of the atoms. It is given bywhere
*d is the transition dipole moment;
*n is the number of atoms;
*ν is the frequency of the beam;
*c is the speed of light;
*ħ is Planck's constant;
*ε is the vacuum... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This identification of the 's as asymptotic states is the justification for the in the denominator of the Lippmann–Schwinger equations. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbon label is a form of isotopic labeling where a carbon-12 atom is replaced with either a stable carbon-13 atom or radioactive carbon-11 or carbon-14 atoms in a chemical compound so as to tag (i.e. label) that position of the compound to assist in determining the way a chemical reaction proceeds i.e. the reaction me... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
1,1,1-Trichloroethane was first reported by Henri Victor Regnault in 1840. Industrially, it is usually produced in a two-step process from vinyl chloride. In the first step, vinyl chloride reacts with hydrogen chloride at 20-50 °C to produce 1,1-dichloroethane:
:CH=CHCl + HCl → CHCHCl
This reaction is catalyzed by a va... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Artificial nucleic acid analogues have been designed and synthesized. They include peptide nucleic acid, morpholino- and locked nucleic acid, glycol nucleic acid, and threose nucleic acid. Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecules. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The structure of cryptophanes contain 6 phenyl rings, mainly connected in 4 ways . Due to the phenyl groups and aliphatic chains, the cages inside cryptophanes are highly hydrophobic, suggesting the capability of capturing non-polar molecules. Based on this, cryptophanes can be employed to capture xenon in aqueous solu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The gene gun, also known as a biolistic particle delivery system, is used to deliver transgenes, proteins, or RNA into the cell. It uses a micro-projectile delivery system that shoots coated particles of a typical heavy metal that has DNA of interest into cells using high speed. The genetic material will penetrate the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sialic acids are a class of alpha-keto acid sugars with a nine-carbon backbone. The term "sialic acid" () was first introduced by Swedish biochemist Gunnar Blix in 1952. The most common member of this group is N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac or NANA) found in animals and some prokaryotes.
Sialic acids are found widely ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DNA damage affects splicing factors by altering their post-translational modification, localization, expression and activity. Furthermore, DNA damage often disrupts splicing by interfering with its coupling to transcription. DNA damage also has an impact on the splicing and alternative splicing of genes intimately as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many important engineered systems involve heat transfer. Some examples are the heating and cooling of process streams, phase changes, distillation, etc. The basic principle is the Fourier's law which is expressed as follows for a static system:
The net flux of heat through a system equals the conductivity times the rat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
K. C. Nicolaou was born on July 5, 1946, in Karavas, Cyprus where he grew up and went to school until the age of 18. In 1964, he went to England where he spent two years learning English and preparing to enter University. He studied chemistry at the University of London (B.Sc., 1969, Bedford College; Ph.D. 1972, Unive... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nitrates are used as fertilizers in agriculture because of their high solubility and biodegradability. The main nitrate fertilizers are ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts. Several billion kilograms are produced annually for this purpose. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Translations, denoted by T, where v is a vector in R have the effect of shifting the plane in the direction of v. That is, for any point p in the plane,
:or in terms of (x, y) coordinates,
A translation can be seen as a composite of two parallel reflections. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Major developments: Gunpowder fireworks are mentioned. Ships are equipped with trebuchets for hurling bombs. Earliest recorded usage of gunpowder artillery in ship to ship combat, first mention of the fire lance in battle, and the earliest possible depiction of a cannon appears. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Flame treatment is a controlled, rapid, cost-effective method of increasing surface energy and wettability of polyolefins and metallic components. This high-temperature plasma treatment uses ionized gaseous oxygen via jet flames across a surface to add polar functional groups while melting the surface molecules, lockin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While some experiments have claimed a discovery of neutrinoless double beta decay, modern searches have found no evidence for the decay. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1965, Brill launched another important innovation in glass analysis, the comparison of interlaboratory experiments in order to verify analytical results (Brill 1965). ‘Originally inspired by a plea from W E S Turner’, according to Freestone, Brill first mooted his idea at the VIIth International Congress on Glass, i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
O-Nitroso compounds are similar to S-nitroso compounds, but are less reactive because the oxygen atom is less nucleophilic than the sulfur atom. The formation of an alkyl nitrite from an alcohol and nitrous acid is a common example:
:ROH + HONO → RONO + HO | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sandra Pizzarello was born in Venice, Italy in 1933. In 1955, she graduated summa cum laude from the University of Padua earning her Doctor of Biological Sciences degree under her adviser Professor Roncato. Pizzarello went on to work as a research associate developing tranquilizers for Farmitalia Research Laboratories ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hellenistic and Graeco-Roman forms are more conventional, and the new motives that belong to these periods are mostly floral. Busts and masks are the usual handle-plaques and spouts; heads and limbs of various animals are allotted certain decorative functions, as for instance the spirited mules' heads mentioned by Juve... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biochemical protein targeting, a peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) is a region of the peroxisomal protein that receptors recognize and bind to. It is responsible for specifying that proteins containing this motif are localised to the peroxisome. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When the Landau constant is negative, , we must include a negative term of higher order to arrest the unbounded increase of the perturbation. In this case, the Landau equation becomes
The limiting amplitude then becomes
where the plus sign corresponds to the stable branch and the minus sign to the unstable branch. Ther... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the United States, immediate release (IR) formulations of dextroamphetamine sulfate are available generically as 5 mg and 10 mg tablets, marketed by Barr (Teva Pharmaceutical Industries), Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Wilshire Pharmaceuticals, Aurobindo Pharmaceutical USA and CorePharma. Previous IR tablets sold und... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ATP test is a process of rapidly measuring actively growing microorganisms through detection of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DNA expression requires the transfection of suitable host cells. Typically, either bacterial, yeast, insect, or mammalian cells (such as Human Embryonic Kidney cells or CHO cells) are used as host cells.
Following transplantation into the host organism, the foreign DNA contained within the recombinant DNA construct may... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The French police officer Alphonse Bertillon was the first to apply the anthropological technique of anthropometry to law enforcement, thereby creating an identification system based on physical measurements. Before that time, criminals could be identified only by name or photograph. Dissatisfied with the ad hoc method... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The presence of methane in the atmosphere of Mars is an area of ongoing research and a highly contentious subject. Because of its tendency to be destroyed in the atmosphere by photochemistry, the presence of excess methane on a planet can indicate that there must be an active source. With life being the strongest sourc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Numerical and theoretical considerations prompted the development of bimodal AFM. The method was initially thought to enhance topographic contrast in air environments. Three subsequent advances such as the capability to detect non-topography properties such electrostatic and magnetic interactions; imaging in liquid and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concept of natural products dates back to the early 19th century, when the foundations of organic chemistry were laid. Organic chemistry was regarded at that time as the chemistry of substances that plants and animals are composed of. It was a relatively complex form of chemistry and stood in stark contrast to inor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biological photovoltaic systems that employ whole organisms are the most robust type, and lifetimes of multiple months have been observed. The insulating outer membranes of whole cells impedes electron transfer from the sites of electron generation inside the cell to the anode. As a result, conversion efficiencies ar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Economizers (US and Oxford spelling), or economisers (UK), are mechanical devices intended to reduce energy consumption, or to perform useful function such as preheating a fluid. The term economizer is used for other purposes as well. Boiler, power plant, heating, refrigeration, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVA... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microarray data was found to be more useful when compared to other similar datasets. The sheer volume of data, specialized formats (such as MIAME), and curation efforts associated with the datasets require specialized databases to store the data. A number of open-source data warehousing solutions, such as InterMine and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Enantiopure compounds consist of only one of the two enantiomers. Enantiopurity is of practical importance since such compositions have improved therapeutic efficacy. The switch from a racemic drug to an enantiopure drug is called a chiral switch. In many cases, the enantiomers have distinct effects. One case is that ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Other remedies include using improved monitoring methods, trying to improve predictability, and testing new potential methods of controlling HABs. Some countries surrounding the Baltic Sea, which has the world's largest dead zone, have considered using massive geoengineering options, such as forcing air into bottom lay... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neptunium silicide is a binary inorganic compound of neptunium and silicon with the chemical formula . The compound forms crystals and does not dissolve in water. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Continuous monitoring and adaptive control (CMAC) is a category of stormwater best management practice that allows for a wider range of operation of detention and retention ponds. CMAC systems typically consist of a water level sensor, an actuated valve, and an internet connection.
Specific applications of CMAC include... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The parameters of the Rosin–Rammler distribution can be determined by refactoring the distribution function to the form
Hence the slope of the line in a plot of
: versus
yields the parameter and is determined by substitution into | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Understanding the mechanical properties of Heusler compounds is paramount for temperature-sensitive applications (e.g. thermoelectrics) for which some sub-classes of Heusler compounds are used. However, experimental studies are rarely encountered in literature. In fact, the commercialization of these compounds is limit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
FMRFamide patterning over the course of embryonic life has been recorded through immunofluorescence. Embryos at 0 to 144 hours (6 days) post cleavage were extracted from the egg mass and fixed in 4% PFA for 2 hrs at room temperature. Embryos older than 4 days were pre-treated with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several simple methods for encoding text have been proposed. Most of these involve translating each letter into a corresponding "codon", consisting of a unique small sequence of nucleotides in a lookup table. Some examples of these encoding schemes include Huffman codes, comma codes, and alternating codes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
10-Hydroxydecanic acid is a specialized saturated fatty acid that is a minor constituent of royal jelly. It was scientifically discovered in 1957. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Boiler design
*Combustion engines
*Cooling systems
**Cooling of computer chips
*Heat exchangers
*HVAC
*Process Fired Heaters
*Refrigeration Systems
*Compressed Air Systems
*Solar heating
*Thermal insulation
*Thermal power plants | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Microbes employed include:
* Yeast
** Saccharomyces cerevisiae
** Pichia pastoris
** Candida utilis
** Torulopsis corallina
** Geotrichum candidum
* Fungi (Mycoprotein)
** Aspergillus oryzae
** Fusarium venenatum
** Sclerotium rolfsii
** Polyporus
** Trichoderma
** Scytalidium acidophilum
* Bacteria
** Rhodobacter cap... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
McDermott's research exploits Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to study the functions, structures, and dynamics of proteins including enzymes, viral proteins, membrane proteins and amyloid proteins. In particular, her group uses and develops solid state methodology including high-resolution magic angle spinning. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Macromolecular structure validation is the process of evaluating reliability for 3-dimensional atomic models of large biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. These models, which provide 3D coordinates for each atom in the molecule (see example in the image), come from structural biology experiments suc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A direct repeat with no intervening nucleotides between the initial sequence and its downstream copy is a Tandem repeat. The nucleotide sequence written in bold characters signifies the repeated sequence.
Linguistically, a typical tandem repeat is comparable to stuttering, or deliberately repeated words, as in "bye-bye... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Min proteins prevent the FtsZ ring from being placed anywhere but near the mid cell and are hypothesized to be involved in a spatial regulatory mechanism that links size increases prior to cell division to FtsZ polymerization in the middle of the cell. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
the Atlantic Station project in Atlanta, was the largest brownfield redevelopment in the United States. Dayton, like many other cities in the region, is developing Tech Town in order to attract technology-based firms to Dayton and revitalize the downtown area. In Homestead, Pennsylvania, the site once occupied by Carn... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The President of the United States is authorized to declare each May "Steelmark Month" to recognize the contribution made by the steel industry to the United States. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Thomas Hipke, Günther Lange, René Poss: Taschenbuch für Aluminiumschäume. Aluminium-Verlag, Düsseldorf 2007, .
*Hannelore Dittmar-Ilgen: Metalle lernen schwimmen. In: Dies.: Wie der Kork-Krümel ans Weinglas kommt. Hirzel, Stuttgart 2006, , S. 74. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tosyl azide is one of the most stable azide compounds but is still regarded as a potential explosive and should be carefully stored, while particular caution is vital for all reactions in which it is heated at or above 100 °C. The initial temperature of the explosive decomposition is about 120 °C. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bimetallic materials are materials that are made out of two different metals or alloys that are tightly bonded together. A good example of a bimetallic material would be a bimetallic strip which is used in some kinds of thermometers. In ISCR, bimetallic materials are small pieces of metals that are coated lightly with ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Like the two-hybrid system, phage display is used for the high-throughput screening of protein interactions. In the case of M13 filamentous phage display, the DNA encoding the protein or peptide of interest is ligated into the pIII or pVIII gene, encoding either the minor or major coat protein, respectively. Multiple c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Harmful algal blooms in freshwater lakes and rivers, or at estuaries, where rivers flow into the ocean, are caused by cyanobacteria, which are commonly referred to as "blue-green algae", but are in fact prokaryotic bacteria, as opposed to algae which are eukaryotes. Some cyanobacteria, including the widespread genus Mi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Examples for more low-tech, often less expensive sewage treatment systems are shown below. They often use little or no energy. Some of these systems do not provide a high level of treatment, or only treat part of the sewage (for example only the toilet wastewater), or they only provide pre-treatment, like septic tanks.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pol III is unusual (compared to Pol II) by requiring no control sequences upstream of the gene, instead normally relying on internal control sequences - sequences within the transcribed section of the gene (although upstream sequences are occasionally seen, e.g. U6 snRNA gene has an upstream TATA box as seen in Pol II ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In an effort to unify the above described equations the Mayr equation is rewritten as:
with s the electrophile-dependent slope parameter and s the nucleophile-dependent slope parameter. This equation can be rewritten in several ways:
* with s = 1 for carbocations this equation is equal to the original Mayr–Patz equatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Eurobachelor is a registered trademark and an initiative adopted by the EuCheMS General Assembly in 2003. It is associated with the Chemistry Quality Eurolabels. As of 8 April 2013, 60 Eurobachelor quality labels have been awarded. The label is intended for first cycle qualifications (bachelor's degrees).
Eurobachelor ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Scientists Miquel Vila-Perello´, Matthew R. Pratt, Frej Tulin, and Tom W. Muir wanted to create an efficient synthesis as the original had required an enzymatic solution and had a low yield. So, they started with L-glutamic acid with protecting groups on both the carboxylic acid (tert-butyl), and Boc on the amine. This... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Figure 4 shows the phenyl rings that are used for β-agonists. They are named resorcinol ring, a salicyl alcohol or an m-formamide group. Figure 5 shows where different substituents on phenylethylamine take places marked as different R-groups. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Five drugs in the class of NNRTIs have been approved by regulatory authorities. These are the first generation NNRTIs nevirapine, delavirdine and efavirenz and the next generation NNRTIs etravirine, and rilpivirine. Several other NNRTIs underwent clinical development but were discontinued due to unfavourable pharmacoki... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Reef Ball Foundation uses a pneumatic bladder technology to float an artificial coral reef ("reef ball") into location, then deflate the bladder to sink the reef to the bottom. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rotary vacuum drum filter (RVDF), patented in 1872, is one of the oldest filters used in the industrial liquid-solids separation. It offers a wide range of industrial processing flow sheets and provides a flexible application of dewatering, washing and/or clarification.
A rotary vacuum filter consists of a large rotati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to the filtered mass and momentum equations, filtering the kinetic energy equation can provide additional insight. The kinetic energy field can be filtered to yield the total filtered kinetic energy:
and the total filtered kinetic energy can be decomposed into two terms: the kinetic energy of the filtered ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Typhas and Phragmites are the main species used in constructed wetland due to their effectiveness, even though they can be invasive outside their native range.
In North America, cattails (Typha latifolia) are common in constructed wetlands because of their widespread abundance, ability to grow at different water depths... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a molecule, both the electrons and nuclei experience similar-scale forces from the Coulomb interaction. However, the nuclei remain at nearly fixed locations in the molecule while the electrons move significantly. This picture of a molecule is based on the idea that nucleons are much heavier than electrons, so will m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A water distribution system is a part of water supply network with components that carry potable water from a centralized treatment plant or wells to consumers to satisfy residential, commercial, industrial and fire fighting requirements. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fatty acid degradation is the process in which fatty acids are broken down into their metabolites, in the end generating acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the citric acid cycle, the main energy supply of living organisms, including bacteria and animals. It includes three major steps:
* Lipolysis of and release from ad... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The coordinate of a normal vibration is a combination of changes in the positions of atoms in the molecule. When the vibration is excited the coordinate changes sinusoidally with a frequency , the frequency of the vibration. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1771 Benjamin Franklin was on a tour of Britain with Sir John Pringle who advised him to visit William Brownrigg. Franklin stayed at Brownriggs home of Ormathwaite in the Lake District and was presented with a signed copy of his book on salt. Franklin demonstrated his experiment of adding oil to the water surface of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The flow cells are connected to a display and/or recorder. On older systems this was a simple chart recorder, on modern systems a computer with hardware interface and display is used. This permits the experimenter to identify when peaks in protein concentration occur, indicating that specific components of the mixture ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tantalum anodizes similarly to titanium and niobium with a range of attractive colours being formed by interference at different film thicknesses. Again the film thickness is dependent on the anodizing voltage and typically ranges from 18 to 23 Angstroms per volt depending on electrolyte and temperature. Uses include t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nuclear magnetic resonance is extremely useful for analyzing samples non-destructively. Radio-frequency magnetic fields easily penetrate many types of matter and anything that is not highly conductive or inherently ferromagnetic. For example, various expensive biological samples, such as nucleic acids, including RNA an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1961, Israeli archaeologist Pessah Bar-Adon discovered a hoard of Chalcolithic artifacts in a cave on the northern side of Nahal Mishmar, known since as the Treasure Cave. The hoard consisted of 442 decorated objects made of copper and bronze (429 of them), ivory and stone, including 240 mace heads, about 100 scepte... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*BAT1 aka DDX39B
*HNRPD Homo sapiens heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (AU-rich element RNA
*HNRPK Homo sapiens heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (HNRPK), transcript
*PABPN1 poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1
*SRSF3 splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In China, the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Agriculture have jointly established mechanisms and working procedures relating to maximum residue limit standards, while updating them continuously, according to the food safety law and regulations issued by the State Council. From GB25193-2010 to GB28260-2011, fr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In pharmacology and biochemistry, mode of action (MoA) describes a functional or anatomical change, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance. In comparison, a mechanism of action (MOA) describes such changes at the molecular level.
A mode of action is important in classifying chemicals, as it rep... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Calcineurin along with NFAT, may improve the function of diabetics' pancreatic beta cells. Thus tacrolimus contributes to the frequent development of new diabetes following renal transplantation.
Calcineurin/NFAT signaling is required for perinatal lung maturation and function. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wöhler investigated more than twenty‐five chemical elements during his career. Hans Christian Ørsted was the first to separate the element aluminium in 1825, using a reduction of aluminium chloride with a potassium amalgam. Although Ørsted published his findings on the isolation of aluminium in the form of small partic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Flucloxacillin is used for both staphylococcal and streptococcal skin infections. These include folliculitis, carbuncles, impetigo, ecthyma, cellulitis, erysipelas, necrotising fasciitis, and infections of skin conditions such as eczema, scabies, ulcers and acne. Due to the widespread belief that dual-therapy is needed... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The dominant industrial method for producing ammonia is the Haber process also known as the Haber-Bosch process. Fertilizer production is now the largest source of human-produced fixed nitrogen in the terrestrial ecosystem. Ammonia is a required precursor to fertilizers, explosives, and other products. The Haber proces... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since the early 1970s, TOC has been an analytic technique used to measure water quality during the drinking water purification process. TOC in source waters comes from decaying natural organic matter (NOM) as well as synthetic sources. Humic acid, fulvic acid, amines, and urea are examples of NOM. Some detergents, pest... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The MeDIP-seq approach, i.e. the coupling of MeDIP with next generation, short-read sequencing technologies such as 454 pyrosequencing or Illumina (Solexa), was first described by Down et al. in 2008. The high-throughput sequencing of the methylated DNA fragments produces a large number of short reads (36-50bp or 400 ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Arnold–Beltrami–Childress (ABC) flow or Gromeka–Arnold–Beltrami–Childress (GABC) flow is a three-dimensional incompressible velocity field which is an exact solution of Euler's equation. Its representation in Cartesian coordinates is the following:
where is the material derivative of the Lagrangian motion of a flu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are an overwhelming number of mathematical models which are referred to as Boussinesq equations. This may easily lead to confusion, since often they are loosely referenced to as the Boussinesq equations, while in fact a variant thereof is considered. So it is more appropriate to call them Boussinesq-type equation... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The process involves transesterification of sucrose and triglycerides under a basic condition at 90 °C. DMF was used as a solvent at first, but was later substituted with dimethyl sulfoxide or DMSO, which is less hazardous and cheaper. This process produces a mixture of sucrose monoesters and more substituted esters at... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Very little change was seen from the decline of the Roman Empire until the 19th century, where improvements saw increasing efforts focused on public health. Modern environmental engineering began in London in the mid-19th century when Joseph Bazalgette designed the first major sewerage system following the Great Stink.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Everhardus Jacobus Ariëns (29 January 1918 – 3 March 2002) was a Dutch pharmacologist and professor at the Catholic University of Nijmegen (now Radboud University Nijmegen). He made important contributions to the function of receptors and the mathematical description of ligand–receptor interactions (receptor the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As well as the electronic transitions discussed above, the energy of a molecule can also change via rotational, vibrational, and vibronic (combined vibrational and electronic) transitions. These energy transitions often lead to closely spaced groups of many different spectral lines, known as spectral bands. Unresolved ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a compressible fluid, with a barotropic equation of state, and under the action of conservative forces,
where:
* is the pressure
* is the density and indicates that it is a function of pressure
* is the flow speed
* is the potential associated with the conservative force field, often the gravitational potential
In... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ChIP-exo is a chromatin immunoprecipitation based method for mapping the locations at which a protein of interest (transcription factor) binds to the genome. It is a modification of the ChIP-seq protocol, improving the resolution of binding sites from hundreds of base pairs to almost one base pair. It employs the use o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If muon-catalyzed d–t nuclear fusion is realized practically, it will be a much more attractive way of generating power than conventional nuclear fission reactors because muon-catalyzed d–t nuclear fusion (like most other types of nuclear fusion), produces far fewer harmful (and far less long-lived) radioactive wastes.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Crabtree has made significant contributions to the field of carbene chemistry, particularly in the exploration of mesoionic carbenes (MICs), or so called "abnormal carbenes". These carbenes, offer advantages as ligand systems in organometallic complexes and catalytic applications. Unlike C2 coordinated imidazolylidenes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thiocyanate shares its negative charge approximately equally between sulfur and nitrogen. Thiocyanate can bind metals at either sulfur or nitrogen — it is an ambidentate ligand. Other factors, e.g. kinetics and solubility, sometimes influence the observed isomer. For example, [Co(NH)(NCS)] is the thermodynamic isomer, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neoantigens are those that are entirely absent from the normal human genome. As compared with nonmutated self-proteins, neoantigens are of relevance to tumor control, as the quality of the T cell pool that is available for these antigens is not affected by central T cell tolerance. Technology to systematically analyze ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Master of Chemistry (or MChem) degree is a specific master's degree for courses in the field of Chemistry. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nucleophilic abstraction can occur on a ligand of a metal if the conditions are right. For instance the following example shows the nucleophilic abstraction of H from an arene ligand attached to chromium. The electron withdrawing nature of the chromium allows for the reaction to occur as a [http://en.wiktionary.org/w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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