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The Thraustochytrium mitochondrial code (translation table 23) is a genetic code found in the mitochondria of the labyrinthulid protist Thraustochytrium aureum. The mitochondrial genome was sequenced by the Organelle Genome Megasequencing Program. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Shikimic acid is a precursor for:
* indole, indole derivatives and aromatic amino acid tryptophan and tryptophan derivatives such as the psychedelic compound dimethyltryptamine
* many alkaloids and other aromatic metabolites | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An important application of Z-HIT is the examination of experimental impedance spectra for artifacts. The examination of EIS series measurements is often difficult due to the tendency of examined objects to undergo changes during the measurement. This may occur in many standard EIS applications such as the evaluation o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diorganophosphites are derivatives of phosphorus(V) and can be viewed as the di-esters of phosphorous acid ((HO)P(O)H). They exhibit tautomerism, however, the equilibrium overwhelmingly favours the right-hand (phosphonate-like) form:
:(RO)POH ⇌ (RO)P(O)H
The P-H bond is the site of high reactivity in these compounds (f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Changes to the surface of the planet, such as an absence of volcanoes or higher sea levels, which would reduce the amount of land surface exposed to weathering can change the rates at which different processes in this cycle take place. Over tens to hundreds of millions of years, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Liquids can form solutions with gases, solids, and other liquids.
Two liquids are said to be miscible if they can form a solution in any proportion; otherwise they are immiscible. As an example, water and ethanol (drinking alcohol) are miscible whereas water and gasoline are immiscible. In some cases a mixture of other... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To date, iron is one of the most widely studied trace metals, and iron isotope compositions are relatively well-documented. Based on measurements, iron isotopes exhibit minimal variation (±3‰) in the terrestrial environment. A list of iron isotopic values of different materials from different environments is presented ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tim9 and Tim10 make up the group of essential small Tim proteins that assist in transport of hydrophobic precursors across the intermembrane space in mammalian cells. Both Tim9 and Tim10 form a hexamer, the Tim9-Tim10 complex, that when associated, functions as a chaperone to assist translocation of preproteins from th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Peptides based hydrogels possess exceptional biocompatibility and biodegradability qualities, giving rise to their wide use of applications, particularly in biomedicine; as such, their physical properties can be fine-tuned in order to maximise their use. Methods to do this are: modulation of the amino acid sequence, pH... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After completing his PhD, he became an assistant and lecturer at Technical University of Munich (1965–1968). From 1968 to 1973, he was Professor and Director at Technical University of Hannover; then, he became a professor at Institute for Physical Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (1973–1986). During t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bonds can fall between one of two extremescompletely nonpolar or completely polar. A completely nonpolar bond occurs when the electronegativities are identical and therefore possess a difference of zero. A completely polar bond is more correctly called an ionic bond, and occurs when the difference between electronegati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biological photovoltaics, also called biophotovoltaics or BPV, is an energy-generating technology which uses oxygenic photoautotrophic organisms, or fractions thereof, to harvest light energy and produce electrical power. Biological photovoltaic devices are a type of biological electrochemical system, or microbial fue... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
:V09DA01 Technetium (Tc) disofenin
:V09DA02 Technetium (Tc) etifenin
:V09DA03 Technetium (Tc) lidofenin
:V09DA04 Technetium (Tc) mebrofenin
:V09DA05 Technetium (Tc) galtifenin | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
HRMAS is usually applied to solutions and gels where dipole-dipole interactions are insufficiently averaged by the intermediate molecular motion. HRMAS can dramatically average out residual dipolar interactions and result in spectra with linewidths similar to solution-state NMR. HRMAS links the gap between solution-sta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Catecholaminergic cell groups refers to collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain one of the neurotransmitters dopamine or norepinephrine. Thus, it represents the combination of dopaminergic cell groups and noradrenergic cell groups. Some a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Amine oxides are used as protecting group for amines and as chemical intermediates. Long-chain alkyl amine oxides are used as amphoteric surfactants and foam stabilizers.
Amine oxides are highly polar molecules and have a polarity close to that of quaternary ammonium salts. Small amine oxides are very hydrophilic and h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zero-point energy is fundamentally related to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Roughly speaking, the uncertainty principle states that complementary variables (such as a particles position and momentum, or a fields value and derivative at a point in space) cannot simultaneously be specified precisely by any given ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP-PCR or AFLP) is a PCR-based tool used in genetics research, DNA fingerprinting, and in the practice of genetic engineering. Developed in the early 1990s by KeyGene, AFLP uses restriction enzymes to digest genomic DNA, followed by ligation of adaptors to the sticky ends of th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lead(II) fluoride can be prepared by treating lead(II) hydroxide or lead(II) carbonate with hydrofluoric acid:
: Pb(OH) + 2 HF → PbF + 2 HO
Alternatively, it is precipitated by adding hydrofluoric acid to a lead(II) salt solution, or by adding a fluoride salt to a lead salt, such as potassium fluoride to a lead(II) nit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Subsurface flow wetlands can treat a variety of different wastewaters, such as household wastewater, agricultural, paper mill wastewater, mining runoff, tannery or meat processing wastes, storm water.
The quality of the effluent is determined by the design and should be customized for the intended reuse application (li... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although the most common perovskite compounds contain oxygen, there are a few perovskite compounds that form without oxygen. Fluoride perovskites such as NaMgF are well known. A large family of metallic perovskite compounds can be represented by RTM (R: rare-earth or other relatively large ion, T: transition metal ion ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The protein encoded by this gene was initially named CA-related protein because of sequence similarity to other known carbonic anhydrase genes. However, the gene product lacks carbonic anhydrase activity (i.e., the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide). The gene product continues to carry a carbonic anhydrase designa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is the similar to the bacterial code (translation table 11) but it contains an additional stop codon (TTA) and also has a different set of start codons. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Shape-based molecular similarity approaches have been established as important and popular virtual screening techniques. At present, the highly optimized screening platform ROCS (Rapid Overlay of Chemical Structures) is considered the de facto industry standard for shape-based, ligand-centric virtual screening. It uses... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
At lower temperatures, about 400–450 °C, an interdiffusion process takes place at the junction, leading to formation of layers of different gold-aluminum intermetallic compounds with different growth rates. Gaps are formed as the denser and faster-growing layers consume the slower-growing layers. This process is known ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate water molecules from other substances. RO applies pressure to overcome osmotic pressure that favors even distributions. RO can remove dissolved or suspended chemical species as well as biological substances (principally... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kermes mineral or Alkermes mineral was a compound of antimony oxides and sulfides, more specifically, antimony trioxide and trisulfide. It can be made or obtained in the laboratory by the actions of potassium carbonate (KCO) on antimony sulfide. The compound is reddish brown in color and described as a velvety powde... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reactions on surfaces are reactions in which at least one of the steps of the reaction mechanism is the adsorption of one or more reactants. The mechanisms for these reactions, and the rate equations are of extreme importance for heterogeneous catalysis. Via scanning tunneling microscopy, it is possible to observe reac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tertiary carbons form the most stable carbocations due to a combination of factors. The three alkyl groups on the tertiary carbon contribute to a strong inductive effect. This is because each alkyl group will share its electron density with the central carbocation to stabilize it. Additionally, the surrounding sp3 hybr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gene therapy is a medical technology that aims to produce a therapeutic effect through the manipulation of gene expression or through altering the biological properties of living cells.
The first attempt at modifying human DNA was performed in 1980, by Martin Cline, but the first successful nuclear gene transfer in hum... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Martin Fleischmann of the University of Southampton and Stanley Pons of the University of Utah hypothesized that the high compression ratio and mobility of deuterium that could be achieved within palladium metal using electrolysis might result in nuclear fusion. To investigate, they conducted electrolysis experiments u... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first demonstration of the ProTide approach was made in 1992, when the efficiency of aryloxy phosphates and phosphoramidates was noted. In particular, diaryl phosphates were prepared from zidovudine (AZT) using simple phosphorochloridate chemistry. For the first time, the anti-HIV activity of these phosphate deriva... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Materia medica (lit.: medical material/substance) is a Latin term from the history of pharmacy for the body of collected knowledge about the therapeutic properties of any substance used for healing (i.e., medications). The term derives from the title of a work by the Ancient Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides in the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methylazoxymethanol acetate, MAM, is a neurotoxin which reduces DNA synthesis used in making animal models of neurological diseases including schizophrenia and epilepsy. MAM is found in cycad seeds, and causes zamia staggers. It selectively targets neuroblasts in the central nervous system. In rats, administration of M... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The primary mutualistic interaction between transposon and host organism is in the formation of epialleles. True to the name, an epiallele is a kind of epigenetic mutant of a certain allelic type that produces distinct morphological differences from the wild type. The predominant research into this subject has been con... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The rate for a bimolecular gas-phase reaction, A + B → product, predicted by collision theory is
where:
*k is the rate constant in units of (number of molecules)⋅s⋅m.
* n is the number density of A in the gas in units of m.
* n is the number density of B in the gas in units of m. E.g. for a gas mixture with gas A conce... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cucurbiturils have also been explored as supramolecular catalysts. Larger cucurbiturils, such as cucurbit[8]uril can bind multiple guest molecules. CB[8] forms a complex 2:1 (guest:host) with (E)-diaminostilbene dihydrochloride which is accommodated by CB[8]'s larger internal diameter of 8.8 angstrom and height 9.1 ang... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The method was first described by Williams et al. in the clinical context. The method was used by numerous other studies. This is perhaps the simplest of all the mathematical methods for the calculation of K but the one most sensitive to noise present in the data. A tissue TAC is modelled as a convolution of measured a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To measure the partial molar property of a binary solution, one begins with the pure component denoted as and, keeping the temperature and pressure constant during the entire process, add small quantities of component ; measuring after each addition. After sampling the compositions of interest one can fit a curve to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Porphobilinogen (PBG) is an organic compound that occurs in living organisms as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of porphyrins, which include critical substances like hemoglobin and chlorophyll.
The structure of the molecule can be described as molecule of pyrrole with sidechains substituted for hydrogen atoms at po... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The transcriptome encompasses all the ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcripts present in a given organism or experimental sample. RNA is the main carrier of genetic information that is responsible for the process of converting DNA into an organisms phenotype. A gene can give rise to a single-stranded messenger RNA (mRNA) th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* N-Iodosuccinimide (NIS), the iodine analog of N-chlorosuccinimide.
* N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), the bromine analog of N-chlorosuccinimide.
* Other N-chloro compounds that are commercially available include chloramine-T, trichloroisocyanuric acid ((OCNCl)), 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For thermal transport between two contacting bodies, such as particles in a granular medium, the contact pressure is the factor of most influence on overall contact conductance. As contact pressure grows, true contact area increases and contact conductance grows (contact resistance becomes smaller).
Since the contact p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The lost-wax method is well documented in ancient Indian literary sources. The Shilpa Shastras, a text from the Gupta Period (–550 AD), contains detailed information about casting images in metal. The 5th-century AD Vishnusamhita, an appendix to the Vishnu Purana, refers directly to the modeling of wax for making metal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
LID has multiple benefits, such as protecting animal habitats, improving management of runoff and flooding, and reducing impervious surfaces. For example, Dr. Allen Davis from the University of Maryland, College Park conducted research on the runoff management from LID rain gardens. His data indicated that LID rain ga... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MetPetDB is a relational database and repository for global geochemical data on and images collected from metamorphic rocks from the Earth's crust. MetPetDB is designed and built by a global community of metamorphic petrologists in collaboration with computer scientists at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute as part o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This period was one of rapid growth for the Jameson Cells in the existing applications. Seventy-seven Cells were installed in concentrators around the world, mainly in coal and base metal operations. However, during this time, the Cell also moved into the Canadian oil sands industry for the flotation of bitumen. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Soil biota affect soil pH directly through excretion, and indirectly by acting on the physical environment. Many soil fungi, although not all of them, acidify the soil by excreting oxalic acid, a product of their respiratory metabolism. Oxalic acid precipitates calcium, forming insoluble crystals of calcium oxalate and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The word Thylakoid comes from the Greek word thylakos or θύλακος, meaning "sac" or "pouch". Thus, thylakoid means "sac-like" or "pouch-like". | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCD) can be used instead of PERC (perchloroethylene) or other undesirable solvents for dry-cleaning. Supercritical carbon dioxide sometimes intercalates into buttons, and, when the SCD is depressurized, the buttons pop, or break apart. Detergents that are soluble in carbon dioxide improve ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One last area that has been actively studied is the synergy of different materials in promoting superior electroactive performance. Whether through various charge transport material, electrochemical species, or morphologies, exploiting the synergetic relationship between different materials has paved the way for even n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Drospirenone is an antagonist of the AR, the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It has about 1 to 65% of the affinity of the synthetic anabolic steroid metribolone for the AR. The medication is more potent as an antiandrogen than spironolactone, but is less potent than cypro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ethyl bromoacetate is the chemical compound with the formula . It is the ethyl ester of bromoacetic acid and is prepared in two steps from acetic acid. It is a lachrymator and has a fruity, pungent odor. It is also a highly toxic alkylating agent and may be fatal if inhaled. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A fixed bed of porous materials (e.g. activated carbons and zeolites) is pressurized and purged with a carrier gas. After becoming stationary one or more adsorptives are added to the carrier gas, resulting in a step-wise change of the inlet concentration. This is in contrast to chromatographic separation processes, whe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hexaamminenickel chloride is the chemical compound with the formula [Ni(NH)]Cl. It is the chloride salt of the metal ammine complex [Ni(NH)]. The cation features six ammonia (called ammines in coordination chemistry) ligands attached to the nickel(II) ion. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the late 1990s, evidence began accumulating to suggest that some GPCRs are able to signal without G proteins. The ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinase, a key signal transduction mediator downstream of receptor activation in many pathways, has been shown to be activated in response to cAMP-mediated receptor activati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemical testing might have a variety of purposes, such as to:
* Determine if, or verify that, the requirements of a specification, regulation, or contract are met
* Decide if a new product development program is on track: Demonstrate proof of concept
* Demonstrate the utility of a proposed patent
* Determine the inter... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An essential amino acid is an amino acid that is required by an organism but cannot be synthesized de novo by it, and therefore must be supplied in its diet. Out of the twenty standard protein-producing amino acids, nine cannot be endogenously synthesized by humans: phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, methion... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As an architectural metal, copper provides excellent corrosion resistance. Copper surfaces form tough oxide-sulfate patina coatings that protect underlying copper surfaces and resist corrosion for a very long time.
Copper corrodes at negligible rates in unpolluted air, water, de-aerated non-oxidizing acids, and when ex... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ANCAP reports that some RHD cars imported to Australia did not perform as well on crash tests as the LHD versions, although the cause is unknown, and may be due to differences in testing methodology. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Rare Earths Facility was a production plant for various chemicals and metals including thorium, uranium, and radium. It was located in West Chicago, Illinois, USA. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are other LISICON type solid electrolytes which make use of other elements to achieve higher ionic conductivities. One such material has the chemical formula of LiGeVO, where the value of x is between 0 and 1. There are two compositions, LiGeVO and LiGeVO, which had ionic conductivities of 4*10 S/cm and 10 S/cm,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A bond graph in solid-state chemistry is a chemical formula of an extended structure, in which direct bonding connectivities are shown. An example is the perovskite, the unit cell of which is drawn on the left and the bond graph (with added numerical values) on the right:
We see that the oxygen atom bonds to the six n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Karat is a variant of carat. First attested in English in the mid-15th century, the word carat came from Middle French , in turn derived either from Italian or Medieval Latin . These were borrowed into Medieval Europe from the Arabic meaning "fruit of the carob tree", also "weight of 5 grains", () and was a unit of m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The previously described study by Timby et al. (2015) also assessed the effects of MFGM supplementation in term infants on the risk of infectious diseases and other disease symptoms. In particular, the cumulative incidence of acute otitis media was analyzed between the two randomized feeding groups (control formula or ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DNA is a relatively rigid polymer, typically modelled as a worm-like chain. It has three significant degrees of freedom; bending, twisting, and compression, each of which cause certain limits on what is possible with DNA within a cell. Twisting-torsional stiffness is important for the circularisation of DNA and the ori... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To use physical habitat models to analyze and predict ecosystem potential, compositions must also be determined of the native fish community and a subset of species must be selected for model development. The development of a Reference Fish Community (RFC) is based on the Target Fish Community approach, described by Ba... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carbonyl metallurgy is used to manufacture products of iron, nickel, steel, and other metals. Coatings are produced by vapor plating using metal carbonyl vapors. These are metal-ligand complexes where carbon monoxide is bonded to individual atoms of metals .
Iron carbonyl is stable as iron pentacarbonyl, where five car... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ocean-atmospheric exchanges rates of CO depend on the concentration of carbon dioxide already present in both the atmosphere and the ocean, temperature, salinity, and wind speed. This exchange rate can be approximated by Henry's law and can be calculated as S = kP, where the solubility (S) of the carbon dioxide gas is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If antibubbles can be stabilized they can be used to form a long lasting froth — antifoam. Possible uses for antifoam are as a lubricant or using the thin passageways permeating antifoam as a filter for air or other gasses.
Antibubbles themselves could be used for chemical processes such as removing pollutants from a s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The full ecological consequences of the changes in calcification due to ocean acidification are complex but it appears likely that many calcifying species will be adversely affected by ocean acidification. Increasing ocean acidification makes it more difficult for shell-accreting organisms to access carbonate ions, ess... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ethanol can be made from mineral oil or from sugars or starches. Starches are cheapest. The starchy crop with highest energy content per acre is cassava, which grows in tropical countries.
Thailand already had a large cassava industry in the 1990s, for use as cattle feed and as a cheap admixture to wheat flour. Nigeria... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Accelerator-based light-ion fusion is a technique using particle accelerators to achieve particle kinetic energies sufficient to induce light-ion fusion reactions.
Accelerating light ions is relatively easy, and can be done in an efficient manner—requiring only a vacuum tube, a pair of electrodes, and a high-voltage tr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Solar neutrinos are produced in the core of the Sun through various nuclear fusion reactions, each of which occurs at a particular rate and leads to its own spectrum of neutrino energies. Details of the more prominent of these reactions are described below.
The main contribution comes from the proton–proton chain. The ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mantle oxidation state (redox state) applies the concept of oxidation state in chemistry to the study of the Earth's mantle. The chemical concept of oxidation state mainly refers to the valence state of one element, while mantle oxidation state provides the degree of decreasing of increasing valence states of all polyv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
David Israel Schuster is a chemist who is currently a professor emeritus at New York University. His research program focused on organic photochemistry and later on fullerenes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zirconium alloys can undergo stress corrosion cracking when exposed to iodine; the iodine is formed as a fission product which depending on the nature of the fuel can escape from the pellet. It has been shown that iodine causes the rate of cracking in pressurised zircaloy-4 tubing to increase. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*1930s – first reports of the use of sucrose for gel electrophoresis; moving-boundary electrophoresis (Tiselius)
*1950 – introduction of "zone electrophoresis" (Tiselius); paper electrophoresis
*1955 – introduction of starch gels, mediocre separation (Smithies)
*1959 – introduction of acrylamide gels; discontinuous ele... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
V̇O may also be calculated by the Fick equation:
, when these values are obtained during exertion at a maximal effort. Here Q is the cardiac output of the heart, CO is the arterial oxygen content, and CO is the venous oxygen content. (CO – CO) is also known as the arteriovenous oxygen difference.
The Fick equation may ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Allylic strain, or A strain is closely associated to syn-pentane strain. An example of allylic strain can be seen in the compound 2-pentene. It's possible for the ethyl substituent of the olefin to rotate such that the terminal methyl group is brought near to the vicinal methyl group of the olefin. These types of co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Once an attosecond light source is available, one has to drive the pulse towards the sample of interest and, then, measure its dynamics.
The most suitable experimental observables to analyze the electron dynamics in matter are:
* Angular asymmetry in the velocity distribution of molecular photo-fragment.
* Quantum yiel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The [4+2] cycloaddition of singlet oxygen to cyclopentadiene to create cis-2-cyclopentene-1,4-diol is a common step involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins. The initial addition singlet oxygen, through the concerted [4+2] cycloaddition, forms an unstable endoperoxide. Subsequent reduction of the peroxide bound prod... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The viral vectors described above have natural host cell populations that they infect most efficiently. Retroviruses have limited natural host cell ranges, and although adenovirus and adeno-associated virus are able to infect a relatively broader range of cells efficiently, some cell types are resistant to infection by... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In reaction kinetics, a rate effect is sometimes observed between different isotopomers of the same chemical. This kinetic isotope effect can be used to study reaction mechanisms by analyzing how the differently massed atom is involved in the process. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Identity by descent (IBD) mapping generally uses single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays to survey known polymorphic sites throughout the genome of affected individuals and their parents and/or siblings, both affected and unaffected. While these SNPs probably do not cause the disease, they provide valuable insight... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The wave method is based on the physically accurate concept that transient pipe flow occurs as a result of pressure waves generated and propagated from a disturbance in the pipe system (valve closure, pump trip, etc.) This method was developed and first described by Don J. Wood in 1966. A pressure wave, which represent... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Charles Moureu died on June 13, 1929.
Subscribers funded the creation of a monument in his honor in the Parc Beaumont in Pau in 1933. The bust was sculpted by Ernest Gabard. Further celebrations were held in Pau and Mourenx on the centenary of his birthday in 1963. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* AsP
* [GeSn]
* [SnBi]
* [SnBi]
* [PbSb]
* SnSb
* [InBi]
* BiGe
* [GaBi]
* [InBi]
* [TlSn]
* [TlSn]
* [Sb@InSb]
* [Sb@InSb] | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The proper identification of splice sites has to be highly precise as the consensus splice sequences are very short and there are many other sequences similar to the authentic splice sites within gene sequences, which are known as cryptic, non-canonical, or pseudo splice sites. When an authentic or real splice site is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dr. Robert K. Crane, a Harvard graduate, had been working in the field of carbohydrate biochemistry for quite some time. His experience in the areas of glucose-6-phosphate biochemistry, carbon dioxide fixation, hexokinase and phosphate studies led him to hypothesize cotransport of glucose along with sodium through the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As widely reported in the scientific literature, bone density is just one of the components of bone strength thus it only partially predicts bone fragility. In order to overcome this limitation, a novel parameter, Fragility Score, has been developed. Fragility Score evaluates bone microstructural features independently... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A cDNA library represents a sample of the mRNA purified from a particular source (either a collection of cells, a particular tissue, or an entire organism), which has been converted back to a DNA template by the use of the enzyme reverse transcriptase. It thus represents the genes that were being actively transcribed i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The classical acetoacetatic ester synthesis utilizes the 1:1 conjugate base. Ethyl acetoacetate is however diprotic:
:CHC(O)CHCOEt + NaH → CHC(O)CH(Na)COEt + H
:CHC(O)CH(Na)COEt + BuLi → LiCHC(O)CH(Na)COEt + BuH
The dianion (i.e., LiCHC(O)CH(Na)COEt) adds electrophile to the terminal carbon as depicted in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A list of required tools and packages for SSCS and DCS analysis can be found [https://github.com/loeblab/Duplex-Sequencing|DS online.] | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One mechanism, considered important for small atomic numbers is the scattering of a free electron at the shell electrons of an atom or molecule. Since electron–electron bremsstrahlung is a function of and the usual electron-nucleus bremsstrahlung is a function of electron–electron bremsstrahlung is negligible for me... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Raymond Urgel Lemieux, CC, AOE, FRS (June 16, 1920 – July 22, 2000) was a Canadian organic chemist, who pioneered many discoveries in the field of chemistry, his first and most famous being the synthesis of sucrose. His contributions include the discovery of the anomeric effect and the development of general methodolog... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biochemical Predestination is a 1969 book by Dean H. Kenyon and Gary Steinman which argued in support of biochemical evolution.
In the book, Kenyon and Steinman conclude that "Life might have been biochemically predestined by the properties of attraction that exist between its chemical parts, especially between amino a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SIT theory was first proposed by Brønsted and was further developed by Guggenheim. Scatchard extended the theory to allow the interaction coefficients to vary with ionic strength. The theory was mainly of theoretical interest until 1945 because of the difficulty of determining equilibrium constants before the glass ele... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reflections, or mirror isometries, denoted by F, where c is a point in the plane and v is a unit vector in R. (F is for "flip".) have the effect of reflecting the point p in the line L that is perpendicular to v and that passes through c. The line L is called the reflection axis or the associated mirror. To find a for... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Autoinducers are signaling molecules that are produced in response to changes in cell-population density. As the density of quorum sensing bacterial cells increases so does the concentration of the autoinducer. Detection of signal molecules by bacteria acts as stimulation which leads to altered gene expression once t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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