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Although N-terminus arginylation was originally thought to be the only site for targeting by ATE1 enzymes, it has recently been discovered that arginylation may also occur in the middle of the peptide chain of a protein. The first discovery of this unprecedented modification occurred when neurotensin, a biological pept... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Over 350,000 residents in the Veneto region are estimated to have been exposed to contamination through tap water, and it is thought to be Europes biggest PFAS-related environmental disaster. While Italys National Health Institute (ISS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità) set the threshold limit of PFOA in the bloodstream at... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The synthesis of the pyrimidines CTP and UTP occurs in the cytoplasm and starts with the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from glutamine and CO. Next, aspartate carbamoyltransferase catalyzes a condensation reaction between aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to form carbamoyl aspartic acid, which is cyclized into 4,5-di... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In most stability studies, real-time or accelerated, a few units of the reference material are tested at intervals. If the measurement system used for testing the materials is not perfectly stable, this can generate imprecise data or can be mistaken for instability of the material. To overcome these difficulties, it is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to their high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies, perovskites may find use in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Although the stability of perovskite LEDs is not yet as good as III-V or organic LEDs, there is ongoing research to solve this problem, such as incorporating organic molecules or potassium dopants in pero... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Platinum Metals Review was abstracted and indexed by:
* Chemical Abstracts
* Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Abstracts
* Compendex
* Corrosion Abstracts
* Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
* Environment Abstracts
* Metals Abstracts/METADEX
* Metal Finishing Abstracts
* Science Citation Index E... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In atomic, molecular and optical physics, the Araki–Sucher correction is a leading-order correction to the energy levels of atoms and molecules due to effects of quantum electrodynamics (QED). It is named after Huzihiro Araki and Joseph Sucher, who first calculated it for the helium atom in 1957. The method is based on... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One short inscription on the pillar is associated with the Tomara king Anangpal, although it is hard to decipher.. Alexander Cunningham (1862–63) read the inscription as follows:
Based on this reading, Cunningham theorized that Anangpal had moved the pillar to its current location while establishing the city of Delhi. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Focusing his research on photochemistry, Natarajan studied various areas of the discipline such as polymer dynamics using fluorescence, flash photolysis studies using picosecond and femtosecond lasers and solar energy conversion. He demonstrated that micromolecular dye coatings of electrodes used in photoelectrochemic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some wastes contain chemicals capable of suppressing microbiological growth or activity. Potential sources include industrial wastes, antibiotics in pharmaceutical or medical wastes, sanitizers in food processing or commercial cleaning facilities, chlorination disinfection used following conventional sewage treatment, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
(AD 900–1500)
Utilitarian and ceremonial objects; objects of personal adornment
#Coatlán, Oaxaca
#Coixtlahuaca, Oaxaca
#Ejutla, Oaxaca
#Guiengola, Oaxaca
#Huajuapan, Oaxaca
#Huitzo, Oaxaca
#Juquila, Oaxaca
#Mitla, Oaxaca
#Monte Albán Oaxaca
#Sola de Vega, Oaxaca
#Tehuantepec, Oaxaca
#Teotitlán del Camino, Oaxaca
#Teoti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sustainable development requires the promotion of environmental management and a constant search for new technologies to treat vast quantities of wastes generated by increasing anthropogenic activities. Biotreatment, the processing of wastes using living organisms, is an environmentally friendly, relatively simple and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The formation of thienamycin is thought to occur through a different pathway from classic β-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins). Production of classic β-lactams in both fungi and bacteria occur through two steps: First, the condensation of -cysteine, -valine, and -α-aminoadipic acid by ACV synthetase (ACVS, a nonrib... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Simultaneous use of the one- and two-hybrid methods (that is, simultaneous protein–protein and protein–DNA interaction) is known as a one-two-hybrid approach and expected to increase the stringency of the screen. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The unique interaction between the oligosaccharide chains have different applications. First, it aids in quality control by identifying misfolded proteins. The oligosaccharide chains also change the solubility and polarity of the proteins that they are bonded to. For example, if the oligosaccharide chains are negativel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A dentine conditioning agent is used initially, to remove the smear layer resulting from the preparation of a cavity and, to alter the dentine surface by partially demineralising the intertubulary dentine. This partially demineralised dentine acts as a hollow scaffolding which can be perfused with the primer. Over-etch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The early work of the scientists J. Arthur Harris and Francis G. Benedict showed that approximate values for BMR could be derived using body surface area (computed from height and weight), age, and sex, along with the oxygen and carbon dioxide measures taken from calorimetry. Studies also showed that by eliminating the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Similar to foraminifera shells, the isotopic composition of coral skeletons is used to reconstruct past temperature, CO concentrations, and pH. Vital effects arise from algal symbionts and biological responses to changes in conditions such as pH. Again, culture experiments are used to quantify vital effects and calibra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The PI (or photosynthesis-irradiance) curve is a graphical representation of the empirical relationship between solar irradiance and photosynthesis. A derivation of the Michaelis–Menten curve, it shows the generally positive correlation between light intensity and photosynthetic rate. It is a plot of photosynthetic r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemical thermodynamics, an exergonic reaction is a chemical reaction where the change in the free energy is negative (there is a net release of free energy). This indicates a spontaneous reaction if the system is closed and initial and final temperatures are the same. For processes that take place in a closed syste... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Over time, there has been increasing recognition of the importance of drinking water quality and its impact on public health. This has led to increasing protection and management of water quality.
The understanding of the links between water quality and health continues to grow and highlight new potential health crises... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One design brings the water in the top of a container through a "header" which distributes the water evenly. The filter "media" start with fine sand on the top and then becomes gradually coarser sand in a number of layers followed by gravel on the bottom, in gradually larger sizes. The top sand physically removes parti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As examples, the dimension of the physical quantity speed is
The dimension of the physical quantity acceleration is
The dimension of the physical quantity force is
The dimension of the physical quantity pressure is
The dimension of the physical quantity energy is
The dimension of the physical quantity power is
T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* ASTM B374-06(2011) — Standard Terminology Relating to Electroplating
* ASTM B542-13 — Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Contacts and Their Use
* ASTM B735-16 — Standard Test Method for Porosity in Gold Coatings on Metal Substrates by Nitric Acid Vapor
* ASTM B765-03(2018) — Standard Guide for Selection of P... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This method relies on the idea that deoxidation of slag will lead to the deoxidation of steel.
The chemical equilibrium equation used for this process is:
where a is the activity of the oxygen in the slag, and a is the activity of oxygen in the steel.
Reducing the activity in the slag (a) will lower the oxygen levels i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The earliest complex trace fossils, not including microbial traces such as stromatolites, date to . This is far too early for them to have an animal origin, and they are thought to have been formed by amoebae.
Putative "burrows" dating as far back as may have been made by animals which fed on the undersides of microbi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The fact that the binding motif appears as a "triplet" of the conserved TxT repeat, as well as the observation that blastp queries have returned no viable matches, has led some researchers to suggest that RiAFP represents a new type of AFP – one that differs from the heavily studied TmAFP (from T. molitor), DcAFP (from... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several nucleoside analogues are used as antiviral or anticancer agents. The viral polymerase incorporates these compounds with non-canonical bases. These compounds are activated in the cells by being converted into nucleotides, they are administered as nucleosides since charged nucleotides cannot easily cross cell mem... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In intrinsic termination, the RNA transcript doubles back and base pairs with itself, creating an RNA stem-loop, or hairpin, structure. This structure is critical for the release of both the transcript and polymerase at the end of transcription. In living cells, the key components are the stable stem-loop itself, as we... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfones are typically prepared by organic oxidation of thioethers, often referred to as sulfides. Sulfoxides are intermediates in this route. For example, dimethyl sulfide oxidizes to dimethyl sulfoxide and then to dimethyl sulfone. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Like other fuel cells, biological photovoltaic systems are divided into anodic and cathodic half-cells.
Oxygenic photosynthetic biological material, such as purified photosystems or whole algal or cyanobacterial cells, are employed in the anodic half-cell. These organisms are able to use light energy to drive the oxid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most common pipe trace heating applications include:
* Freeze protection
* Temperature maintenance
* Snow Melting On Driveways
Other uses of trace heating cables include:
* Ramp and stair snow / ice protection
* Gulley and roof snow / ice protection
* Underfloor heating
* Door / frame interface ice protection
* Win... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The word detergent is derived from the Latin adjective detergens, from the verb detergere, meaning to wipe or polish off. Detergent can be defined as a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleansing properties when in dilute solutions. However, conventionally, detergent is used to mean synthetic cleaning compoun... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Protein was studied using a protein nanoprobe (that enables cross-linking) that introduced photo-methionine within the protein (during the recombinant expression) which lead to the protein keeping its reserved structure while having the ability to be mapped out for its interactions. The model was used as a region of co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chemical mimicry exists in many forms and for a variety of uses. It may be classified by the function it performs for the mimicking species and the effect that the mimic will have on the species that is deceived. It can be used for such functions as deterring predators, drawing prey, to allow a parasite to deceive a ho... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polysialic acid is an unusual posttranslational modification that occurs on neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM). Polysialic acid is considerably anionic. This strong negative charge gives this modification the ability to change the protein's surface charge and binding ability. In the synapse, polysialation of NCAM pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This can be visualized with an ellipsoid, which is defined by the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of D. The FA of a sphere is 0 since the diffusion is isotropic, and there is equal probability of diffusion in all directions. The eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the Diffusion Tensor give a complete representation of the dif... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ion funnels are frequently used in mass spectroscopy devices to collect ions from an ionization source. Previous devices lacking an ion funnel often lost ions during the transition from ionization source to the detector of the mass spectrometer. This loss was due to the increasing number of collisions undergone by ions... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In engineering and science, dimensional analysis is the analysis of the relationships between different physical quantities by identifying their base quantities (such as length, mass, time, and electric current) and units of measurement (such as meters and grams) and tracking these dimensions as calculations or compari... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The book begins by describing how the Atchafalaya River drains 30 percent of the Mississippi River at its source 300 miles upriver from New Orleans. Thanks to its steeper gradient and more direct route, the Atchafalaya seeks to change the course of the Mississippi as has happened in its long geological history. Due to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Not all non-stick pans use Teflon; other non-stick coatings have become available. For example, a mixture of titanium and ceramic can be sandblasted onto the pan surface, and then fired at to produce a non-stick ceramic coating.
Ceramic nonstick pans use a finish of silica (silicon dioxide) to prevent sticking. It is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The fugacity capacity constant (Z) is used to help describe the concentration of a chemical in a system (usually in mol/mPa). Hemond and Hechner-Levy (2000) describe how to utilize the fugacity capacity to calculate the concentration of a chemical in a system. Depending on the chemical, fugacity capacity varies. The co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The domains in the polyketide synthase type I:
* ACP: acyl carrier protein (serves as chaperone)
* AT: acyl transferase (transfers acyl group form CoA to ACP)
* KS: keto synthase (forms the new carbon-carbon bond)
* KR: keto reductase (NADPH-dependent reduces beta-ketone to beta-hydroxyl)
* DH: dehydratase (elimina... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Coding regions are composed of codons, which are decoded and translated into proteins by the ribosome; in eukaryotes usually into one and in prokaryotes usually into several. Coding regions begin with the start codon and end with a stop codon. In general, the start codon is an AUG triplet and the stop codon is UAG ("am... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some situations may call for the use of degenerate primers. These are mixtures of primers that are similar, but not identical. These may be convenient when amplifying the same gene from different organisms, as the sequences are probably similar but not identical. This technique is useful because the genetic code itself... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The typical FCS setup consists of a laser line (wavelengths ranging typically from 405–633 nm (cw), and from 690–1100 nm (pulsed)), which is reflected into a microscope objective by a dichroic mirror. The laser beam is focused in the sample, which contains fluorescent particles (molecules) in such high dilution, that o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some reasons why plastic piping systems may fail are poor product bonding/gluing during installation and naturally-occurring physical damage, such as from tree root infiltration.
Plastic pipes were also found to fail more often during dry, hot summers. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When the constituent components of silicone foam are mixed together, they evolve hydrogen gas, which causes bubbles to form within the rubber, as it changes from liquid to solid. This results in an outward pressure. Temperature and humidity can influence the rate of expansion. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The idea of double beta decay was first proposed by Maria Goeppert Mayer in 1935.
In 1937, Ettore Majorana demonstrated that all results of beta decay theory remain unchanged if the neutrino were its own antiparticle, now known as a Majorana particle.
In 1939, Wendell H. Furry proposed that if neutrinos are Majorana pa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the first societies for chemists was the Society of Chemical Industry, founded in London in 1881. This inspired a number of other groups, including the Société de Chimie Industrielle in Paris, France. The French Société was modeled on the British organization in 1917.
A number of those active in forming the Fr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first chapter of Omega Chi Epsilon was formed at the University of Illinois in 1931 by a group of chemical engineering students. These Founders were:
* F. C. Howard
* A. Garrell Deem
* Ethan M. Stifle
* John W. Bertetti
Professors D.B. Keyes and Norman Krase supported the students in their efforts. The Beta chapte... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An adsorption isotherm depicts the relation between the quantity adsorbate and the bulk phase pressure (or density) at equilibrium for a constant temperature. It is a dataset of specified adsorption equilibrium. Such equilibrium data are required for optimal design of process relying on adsorption and are considered fu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
#Motilin
#Neurotensin
#Substance P
#Somatostatin
#Bombesin
#Serotonin
#Angiotensin
#Nitric Oxide
#Kinins
#Histamine | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering was first published in 2010 by nonprofit publisher Annual Reviews. Its founding editor was John Prausnitz. In 2018, Prausnitz was succeeded by Michael F. Doherty and Rachel A. Segalman as co-editors. Though it was initially published in print, as of 2021 it is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones is an excellent example of dynamic kinetic resolution at work. The enantiomeric β-ketoesters can undergo epimerization, and the choice of chiral catalyst, typically of the form Ru[(R)-BINAP]X, where X is a halogen, leads to one of the enantiomers reacting preferentially fa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MIKE 21C can be used for designing protection schemes against bank erosion, evaluating measures to reduce or manage shoaling, analyzing alignments and dimensions of navigation channels for minimizing capital and maintenance dredging, predicting the impact of bridge, tunnel and pipeline crossings on river channel hydrau... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biochemistry, naturally occurring phenols are natural products containing at least one phenol functional group. Phenolic compounds are produced by plants and microorganisms. Organisms sometimes synthesize phenolic compounds in response to ecological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation and woun... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metalation was first observed in the laboratory by Edward Frankland during a synthesis of diethylzinc in 1849. While this development eventually led to the development of organometallic compounds of other metals, these compounds saw little use in the laboratory because of their expense and (in the case of organozinc co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* There is a monument of Zelinsky in Elektrostal city. It was opened in July 2013 in front of the entrance of the Elektrostal Chemical and Mechanical Plant OJSC. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The SCO phenomenon has potential uses as switches, data storage devices, and optical displays. These potential applications would exploit the bistability (HS and LS) which leads to changes in the colour and magnetism of samples. Molecular switches, like electrical switches, require a mechanism that for turning ON and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stereocenters can exist on chiral or achiral molecules. They are defined as a location (point) within a molecule, rather than a particular atom, in which the interchanging of two groups creates a stereoisomer. A stereocenter can have either four different attachment groups, or three different attachment groups where on... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to fatty acid synthesis in the cytosol, mitochondria also have their own fatty acid synthesis (mtFASII). Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis is essential for cellular respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis. A role as a mediator in intracellular signal transduction is also assumed, as the levels of bioactiv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methanesulfonyl chloride (mesyl chloride) is an organosulfur compound with the formula . Using the organic pseudoelement symbol Ms for the methanesulfonyl (or mesyl) group –, it is frequently abbreviated MsCl in reaction schemes or equations. It is a colourless liquid that dissolves in polar organic solvents but is rea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
β-Glycerophosphate is an inhibitor of the enzyme serine-threonine phosphatase. It is often used in combination with other phosphatase/protease inhibitors for broad spectrum inhibition.
β-Glycerophosphate is also used to drive osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells in vitro.
β-Glycerophosphate is used to b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Non-B DNA refers to DNA conformations that differ from the canonical B-DNA conformation, the most common form of DNA found in nature at neutral pH and physiological salt concentrations. Non-B DNA structures can arise due to various factors, including DNA sequence, length, supercoiling, and environmental conditions. Non... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In December 2021, the first direct measurement of a quantum spin liquid of the toric code type was reported, it was achieved by two teams: one exploring ground state and anyonic excitations on a quantum processor and the other implementing a theoretical blueprint of atoms on a ruby lattice held with optical tweezers on... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Within the six sections of the Jain literary corpus belonging to the Svetambara school, it is classed as one of the Cheda Sūtras. This Sutra contains detailed life histories and, from the mid-15th century, was frequently illustrated with miniature painting. The oldest surviving copies are written on paper in western In... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Peroxisomal disorders are a class of medical conditions that typically affect the human nervous system as well as many other organ systems. Two common examples are X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and the peroxisome biogenesis disorders. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Energine Corporation was a South Korean company that claimed to deliver fully assembled cars running on a hybrid compressed air and electric engine. The compressed-air engine is used to activate an alternator, which extends the autonomous operating capacity of the car. The CEO was arrested for fraudulently promotin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Where, the index 1 refers to upstream properties, and the index 2 refers to down stream properties. The subscript 0 refers to total or stagnation properties. T is temperature, M is the mach number, P is pressure, ρ is density, and γ is the ratio of specific heats. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Typically, the work-piece is immersed in a temperature-controlled bath of electrolyte and serves as the anode; it is connected to the positive terminal of a DC power supply, the negative terminal being attached to the cathode. A current passes from the anode, where metal on the surface is oxidised and dissolved in the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrogel modifications, as with other coatings, are designed to improve the body's response to the implant and thereby improve their consistency and long-term performance. Hydrogel surface modifications achieve this by significantly altering the hydrophilicity of the neural implant surface to one that is less favorable... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to the very low temperatures required, varying levels of stress are put on the DNA samples. Spermatozoa, in particular, are stressed by temperature shock, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress with the latter being the most detrimental. When temperature shock occurs, the membrane is damaged through freezing and thaw... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An on-line method of measuring hydrogen in aluminum is then required to characterize and optimize the process, which helps ensure the quality of outgoing products and monitors the performance of these degassing processes. Traditional laboratory methods, such as hot extraction, are too expensive for routine quality assu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A gradation test is performed on a sample of aggregate in a laboratory. A typical sieve analysis uses a column of sieves with wire mesh screens of graded mesh size.
A representative weighed sample is poured into the top sieve which has the largest screen openings. Each lower sieve in the column has smaller openings th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Undesirable effects of a drug include:
*Increased probability of cell mutation (carcinogenic activity)
*A multitude of simultaneous assorted actions which may be deleterious
*Interaction (additive, multiplicative, or metabolic)
*Induced physiological damage, or abnormal chronic conditions | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hypothetically, it should be possible to recreate an entire ecosystem from the bottom up, in mirror form.
Advances in synthetic biology, like synthesizing viruses since 2002, partially synthetic bacteria in 2010, or synthetic ribosomes in 2013, may lead to the possibility of fully synthesizing a living cell from small ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2010, the FDA approved the combination drug dextromethorphan/quinidine under the brand name Nuedexta for the treatment of pseudobulbar affect (uncontrollable laughing/crying). Dextromethorphan is the actual therapeutic agent in the combination; quinidine merely serves to inhibit the enzymatic degradation of dextrome... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thymolphthalein is a phthalein dye used as an acid–base (pH) indicator. Its transition range is around pH 9.3–10.5. Below this pH, it is colorless; above, it is blue. The molar extinction coefficient for the blue thymolphthalein dianion is 38,000 M cm at 595 nm.
Thymolphthalein is also known to have use as a laxative a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mitochondria may have a number of different shapes. A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins. The two membranes have different properties. Because of this double-membraned organization, there are five distinct parts to a mitochondrion:
# The outer mitochondrial m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are four major pools of phosphorus in freshwater ecosystems: dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP), particulate inorganic phosphorus (PIP) and particulate organic phosphorus (POP). Dissolved material is defined as substances that pass through a 0.45 μm filter. DIP consists mainl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Elisabeth Karamichailova was born in 1897 in Vienna, to Ivan Mikhaylov and Mary Slade. Both her parents had studied at the University of Vienna - Ivan, born in Shumen, was studying medicine, while Mary, a native of Minster Lovell in Oxfordshire, studied music. After her father graduated in 1907, the family remained in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several new nonpeptide ARBs are undergoing clinical trials or are at pre-clinical stages of development. Among these are embusartan (BAY 10-6734 or BAY 10-6734), KRH-594, fonsartan (HR 720) and pratosartan (KT3-671). Pratosartan, for example, has a novel structure: a seven-membered ring that bears an oxo moiety (C=O) f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most of the existing hydrophobicity scales are derived from the properties of amino acids in their free forms or as a part of a short peptide. Bandyopadhyay-Mehler hydrophobicity scale was based on partitioning of amino acids in the context of protein structure. Protein structure is a complex mosaic of various dielectr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Perfluorocarbon tracers (PFTs) are a range of perfluorocarbons used in flow tracers and other tracing applications. They are used by releasing the PFT at a certain point, and determining the concentration of that PFT at another set of points, allowing the flow from the source to the points to be determined. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A variety of signals can be obtained by NICE-OHMS. First, due to the presence of high intensity counter-propagating beams in the cavity, both Doppler-broadened and Doppler-free signals can be obtained. The former have the advantage of being present at high intracavity pressures, which is suitable when atmospheric press... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Take the simplest CHX–CH system as an example; the donor orbital is σ(C–H) orbital and the acceptor is σ*(C–X). When moving from fluorine to chlorine, then to bromine, the electronegativity of the halogen and the energy level of the σ*(C–X) orbitals decreases. Consequently, the general trend of acceptors can be summari... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
IUBMB organizes a triennial Congress of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and sponsors three annual focussed meetings. In addition, it supports symposia, educational activities (including the Tang Fellowships), award lectures (including Jubilee Lectures), and travel grants for students around the world. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the United Kingdom, the Hallmarking Act 1973 makes it an offence to describe as platinum, gold or silver an item which is not hallmarked as appropriate or exempt from hallmarking. In July 2009, following a proposal by the British Hallmarking Council, an amendment to the Act also brought palladium under the hallmarki... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The title complex is one of several platinum ammine complexes.
*Hexaammineplatinum(IV) chloride
*Trichlorotriammineplatinum(IV) chloride
*cis-Tetrachlorodiammineplatinum(IV)
*trans-Tetrachlorodiammineplatinum(IV) (RN 16986-23-5) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a simple single-celled eukaryote with both a diploid and haploid mode of existence. The mating of yeast only occurs between haploids, which can be either the a or α (alpha) mating type and thus display simple sexual differentiation. Mating type is determined by a single locus, MAT,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since members of the type I and type II cytokine receptor families possess no catalytic kinase activity, they rely on the JAK family of tyrosine kinases to phosphorylate and activate downstream proteins involved in their signal transduction pathways. The receptors exist as paired polypeptides, thus exhibiting two intra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Space debris describes particulates in the vacuum of outer space, specifically particles originating from human activity that remain in geocentric orbit around the Earth. The International Association of Astronauts define space debris as "any man-made Earth orbiting object which is non-functional with no reasonable exp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The sharing of edges and particularly faces by two anion polyhedra decreases the stability of an ionic structure. Sharing of corners does not decrease stability as much, so (for example) octahedra may share corners with one another.
The decrease in stability is due to the fact that sharing edges and faces places cation... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In an electrochemical cell the faradaic impedance of an electrolyte-electrode interface is the joint electrical resistance and capacitance at that interface.
Let us suppose that the Butler-Volmer relationship correctly describes the dynamic behavior of the redox reaction:
Dynamic behavior of the redox reaction is chara... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When a melt undergoes cooling along the liquid line of descent, the results are limited to the production of a homogeneous solid body of intrusive rock, with uniform mineralogy and composition, or a partially differentiated cumulate mass with layers, compositional zones and so on. This behaviour is fairly predictable a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For example, different sources and sinks of methane have different affinity for the C and C isotopes, which allows distinguishing between different sources by the C/C ratio in methane in the air. In geochemistry, paleoclimatology and paleoceanography this ratio is called δC. The ratio is calculated with respect to Pee ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since both shearing and stretching are as low as possible along a parabolic LCS, one may seek initial positions of such material surfaces as trenches of the FTLE field . A geophysical example of a parabolic LCS (generalized jet core) revealed as a trench of the FTLE field is shown in Fig. 14a. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biochemistry, activation, specifically called bioactivation, is where enzymes or other biologically active molecules acquire the ability to perform their biological function, such as inactive proenzymes being converted into active enzymes that are able to catalyze their substrates reactions into products. Bioactivat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The symbol used to represent pressure in equations is "p" or "P" with SI units of pascals.
When describing a container of gas, the term pressure (or absolute pressure) refers to the average force per unit area that the gas exerts on the surface of the container. Within this volume, it is sometimes easier to visualize t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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