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Archaeal transcription is the process in which a segment of archaeal DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of RNA using the sole Pol II-like RNA polymerase (RNAP). The process occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination; and the end result is a strand of RNA that is complementary to a si... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Intercalating agents, such as ethidium bromide and proflavine, are molecules that may insert between bases in DNA, causing frameshift mutation during replication. Some such as daunorubicin may block transcription and replication, making them highly toxic to proliferating cells. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although the FGF family of paracrine factors has a broad range of functions, major findings support the idea that they primarily stimulate proliferation and differentiation. To fulfill many diverse functions, FGFs can be alternatively spliced or even have different initiation codons to create hundreds of different FGF ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The story of pantoprazole's discovery is a good example of the stepwise development of PPIs. The main focus of modification of timoprazole was the benzimidazole part of its structure. Addition of a trifluoromethyl group to the benzimidazole moiety led to a series of very active compounds with varying solution-stability... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The name γ-glutamyltransferase is preferred by the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The Expert Panel on Enzymes of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry also used this name. The older name is gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This is the most commonly used measurement system for measuring water supply in houses. The fluid, most commonly water, enters in one side of the meter and strikes the nutating disk, which is eccentrically mounted. The disk must then "wobble" or nutate about the vertical axis, since the bottom and the top of the disk r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As a poet, over one hundred and sixty manuscript poems were written by Davy, the majority of which are found in his personal notebooks. Most of his written poems were not published, and he chose instead to share a few of them with his friends. Eight of his known poems were published. His poems reflected his views on bo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In statistical mechanics and information theory, the Fokker–Planck equation is a partial differential equation that describes the time evolution of the probability density function of the velocity of a particle under the influence of drag forces and random forces, as in Brownian motion. The equation can be generalized ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In Schoenflies notation, point groups are denoted by a letter symbol with a subscript. The symbols used in crystallography mean the following:
*C (for cyclic) indicates that the group has an n-fold rotation axis. C is C with the addition of a mirror (reflection) plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation. C is C with ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thalidomide is used as a first-line treatment for multiple myeloma in combination with dexamethasone or with melphalan and prednisone to treat acute episodes of erythema nodosum leprosum, as well as for maintenance therapy.
The bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB) is related to leprosy. Thalidomide may be helpful in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Seventeen individuals, both men and women, journeyed across the remote region known as Arnhem Land in northern Australia for nine months. From varying disciplinary perspectives, and under the guidance of expedition leader Charles Mountford, they investigated the Indigenous populations and the environment of Arnhem Land... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Industrial Revolution was characterized by the use of steam power, the growth of factories, and the mass production of manufactured goods. In this case, coal became a mass necessity, “for it was a cheap and abundant source of energy” used to power steam engines, heat buildings, and generate electricity. With coal b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The experimental facts collected on heavy fermion (HF) metals and two dimensional Helium-3 demonstrate that the quasiparticle effective mass M* is very large, or even diverges. Topological fermion condensation quantum phase transition (FCQPT) preserves quasiparticles, and forms flat energy band at the Fermi level. The ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An inelastic collision, in contrast to an elastic collision, is a collision in which kinetic energy is not conserved due to the action of internal friction.
In collisions of macroscopic bodies, some kinetic energy is turned into vibrational energy of the atoms, causing a heating effect, and the bodies are deformed.
The... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Charles B. Harris was born in New York City and spent most of his youth in Grosse Pointe. He attended the University of Michigan and received his bachelor's degree in 1963. In 1966 he received his Ph.D. in chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under F. Albert Cotton. The following year, Harris went to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the early 1890s, Paul Ehrlich started to work with Emil Behring, professor of medicine at the University of Marburg. Behring had been investigating antibacterial agents and discovered a diphtheria antitoxin (that is, antibodies that target a biological toxin produced by the diphtheria bacteria Corynebacterium diphth... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The N-terminal maltase-glucoamylase enzymatic unit is in turn composed of 5 specific protein domains. The first of the 5 protein domains consist of a P-type trefoil domain containing a cysteine rich domain. Second is an N-terminal beta-sandwich domain, identified via two antiparallel beta pleated sheets. The third and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When a cluster of microparticles are trapped within a monochromatic laser beam, the organization of the microparticles within the optical trapping is heavily dependent on the redistributing of the optical trapping forces amongst the microparticles. This redistribution of light forces amongst the cluster of microparticl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In anatomic pathology, ammonical silver nitrate is used in the Fontana–Masson Stain, which is a silver stain technique used to detect melanin, argentaffin and lipofuscin in tissue sections. Melanin and the other chromaffins reduce the silver nitrate to metallic silver. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In QUADRISO particles a burnable neutron poison (europium oxide or erbium oxide or carbide) layer surrounds the fuel kernel of ordinary TRISO particles to better manage the excess of reactivity. If the core is equipped both with TRISO and QUADRISO fuels, at beginning of life neutrons do not reach the fuel of the QUADRI... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A precursor to the Kurganov and Tadmor (KT) central scheme, (Kurganov and Tadmor, 2000), is the Nessyahu and Tadmor (NT) a staggered central scheme, (Nessyahu and Tadmor, 1990). It is a Riemann-solver-free, second-order, high-resolution scheme that uses MUSCL reconstruction. It is a fully discrete method that is stra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fumagillin and the related fumagillol (the hydrolysis product) have been a target in total synthesis, with several reported successful strategies, racemic, asymmetric, and formal. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Acid phosphatase test for semen
*Cobalt thiocyanate test for cocaine
*Duquenois-Levine reagent for cannabis
*Kastle-Meyer test for blood
*Malachite green test for blood
* Marquis reagent for narcotics and alkaloids
* Benzidine test for blood which changes from clear to blue in color with the presence of blood
* Lumino... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer (17 May 1836 – 16 August 1920) was an English scientist and astronomer. Along with the French scientist Pierre Janssen, he is credited with discovering the gas helium. Lockyer also is remembered for being the founder and first editor of the influential journal Nature. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As of 2008, more than 700,000 crystal structures had been published and stored in crystal structure databases. The publishing rate has reached more than 50,000 crystal structures per year. These numbers refer to published and republished crystal structures from experimental data. Crystal structures are republished owin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Other models exist to model more complex binary systems. The above theories operate on the assumption that the segregated atoms are non-interacting. If, in a binary system, adjacent adsorbate atoms are allowed an interaction energy , such that they can attract (when is negative) or repel (when is positive) each other... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), is a technique used to characterize the surface of crystalline materials by reflecting electrons off a surface. As illustrated for the Ewald sphere construction in Figure 22, it uses mainly the higher-order Laue zones which have a reflection component. An experimenta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pierre Jules César Janssen (22 February 1824 – 23 December 1907), usually known as Jules Janssen, was a French astronomer who, along with English scientist Joseph Norman Lockyer, is credited with discovering the gaseous nature of the solar chromosphere, and with some justification the element helium. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pro-oxidants are chemicals that induce oxidative stress, either by generating reactive oxygen species or by inhibiting antioxidant systems. The oxidative stress produced by these chemicals can damage cells and tissues, for example, an overdose of the analgesic paracetamol (acetaminophen) can fatally damage the liver, p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Septic tank and drain field microorganisms have very limited capability for catabolizing petroleum products and chlorinated solvents, and cannot remove dissolved metals; although some may be absorbed into septic tank sludge or drain field soils, and concentrations may be diluted by other groundwater in the vicinity of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It was formed by the intrusion of basaltic magma into Miocene salt deposits and subsequent hydrothermal activity. Phreatic eruptions took place here in 1926, forming Dallol Volcano; numerous other eruption craters dot the salt flats nearby. These craters are the lowest known subaerial volcanic vents in the world, at o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trans-spanning ligands are bidentate ligands that can span opposite sites of a complex with square-planar geometry. A wide variety of ligands that chelate in the cis fashion already exist, but very few can link opposite vertices on a coordination polyhedron. Early attempts to generate trans-spanning bidentate ligands r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the Gaussian profile is centered at and the Lorentzian profile is centered at , the convolution is centered at and the characteristic function is:
The probability density function is simply offset from the centered profile by :
where:
The mode and median are both located at . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As shunt resistance decreases, the current diverted through the shunt resistor increases for a given level of junction voltage. The result is that the voltage-controlled portion of the I-V curve begins to sag far from the origin, producing a significant decrease in the terminal current I and a slight reduction in V. Ve... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As discussed by Jin and Roberston in their review, silencing of a DNA repair gene by hypermethylation may be a very early step in progression to cancer. Such silencing is proposed to act similarly to a germ-line mutation in a DNA repair gene, and predisposes the cell and its descendants to progression to cancer. Anot... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hemoglobin, which is the principal oxygen-carrier in humans, has four subunits in which the iron(II) ion is coordinated by the planar macrocyclic ligand protoporphyrin IX (PIX) and the imidazole nitrogen atom of a histidine residue. The sixth coordination site contains a water molecule or a dioxygen molecule. By contra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Daltons law (also called Daltons law of partial pressures) states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. This empirical law was observed by John Dalton in 1801 and published in 1802. Dalton's law is related to the ideal ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Before the invention of artificial refrigeration technology, ice making by nocturnal cooling was common in both India and Iran.
In India, such apparatuses consisted of a shallow ceramic tray with a thin layer of water, placed outdoors with a clear exposure to the night sky. The bottom and sides were insulated with a th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The current production method includes two reaction steps with potentially hazardous azides. A reported azide-free Roche synthesis of tamiflu is summarised graphically below:
The synthesis commences from naturally available (−)-shikimic acid. The 3,4-pentylidene acetal mesylate is prepared in three steps: esterificati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Currently, a limitation of the method is that the lengths of individual reads of DNA sequence are in the neighborhood of 300-500 nucleotides, shorter than the 800-1000 obtainable with chain termination methods (e.g. Sanger sequencing). This can make the process of genome assembly more difficult, particularly for seque... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An estimated 550,000 people live in the triangle of death. The annual death rate per 100,000 inhabitants from liver cancer is approximately 38.4 for men and 20.8 for women in this area, as compared to the national average of 14. The death rate for bladder cancer and cancer of the central nervous system was also higher ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The US funded a magnetic mirror program in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This program resulted in a series of magnetic mirror devices including: 2X, Baseball I, Baseball II, the Tandem Mirror Experiment and upgrade, the Mirror Fusion Test Facility, and MFTF-B. These machines were built and tested at LLNL from the lat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Extrafarma is the drugstore chain owned by Ultrapar. The company is among the top 10 largest pharmacy chains in Brazil, with stores located throughout the north, northeast and southern regions of the country.
The company has more than 400 stores in 10 States and more than 7000 employees. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Consider a steady plane emerging into the same fluid, a type of submerged jets from a narrow slit, which is supposed to be very small (such that the fluid loses memory of the shape and size of the slit far away from the origin, it remembers only the net momentum flux). Let the velocity be in Cartesian coordinate and t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Calcareous grassland is a form of grassland characteristic of soils containing much calcium carbonate from underlying chalk or limestone rock. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thiosulfate (IUPAC-recommended spelling; sometimes thiosulphate in British English) is an oxyanion of sulfur with the chemical formula . Thiosulfate also refers to the compounds containing this anion, which are the salts of thiosulfuric acid, e.g. sodium thiosulfate . Thiosulfate also refers to the esters of thiosulfur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A molecular probe is a group of atoms or molecules used in molecular biology or chemistry to study the properties of other molecules or structures. If some measurable property of the molecular probe used changes when it interacts with the analyte (such as a change in absorbance), the interactions between the probe and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* [https://vimeo.com/132472772 Towards a metabolism for synthetic cells] (video KNAW-symposium: Op jacht naar de minimale cel, 24 juni 2015 op Vimeo)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8BpEiYEvAU De mens als schepper] (The human being as creator. Unifocus on YouTube. Subtitles in English) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chemotactic responses elicited by ligand-receptor interactions vary with the concentration of the ligand. Investigations of ligand families (e.g. amino acids or oligopeptides) demonstrates that chemoattractant activity occurs over a wide range, while chemorepellent activities have narrow ranges. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The synthesis and degradation of sialic acid are distributed in different compartments of the cell. The synthesis starts in the cytosol, where N-acetylmannosamine 6 phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate give rise to sialic acid. Later on, Neu5Ac 9 phosphate is activated in the nucleus by a cytidine monophosphate (CMP) resi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acetyl-CoA is a metabolic intermediate that is involved in many metabolic pathways in an organism. It is produced during the breakdown of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, and is used in the synthesis of many other biomolecules, including cholesterol, fatty acids, and ketone bodies. Acetyl-CoA is also a key molecu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Patterson variously said it produced a hundred or two hundred times more power than it used. Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. (CETI) representatives promoting the device at the Power-Gen '95 Conference said that an input of 1 watt would generate more than 1,000 watts of excess heat (waste heat). This supposedly happens ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Cannot revert to virulence meaning they cannot cause the disease they aim to protect against
* Safe for immunocompromised patients
* Can withstand changes in conditions (e.g. temperature, light exposure, humidity) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A shadow wall is created when a light flashes upon a person or object in front of a phosphorescent screen which temporarily captures the shadow. The screen or wall is painted with a glow-in-the-dark product that contains phosphorescent compounds. Publicly, these shadow walls can be found at certain science museums. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Shinnar–Le Roux (SLR) algorithm is a mathematical tool for generating frequency-selective radio frequency (RF) pulses in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Frequency selective pulses are used in MRI to isolate a slice through the subject for excitation, inversion and saturation.
Given a desired magnetization profile... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The rotating packs of disks (known as the media) are contained in a tank or trough and rotate at between 2 and 5 revolutions per minute. Commonly used plastics for the media are polyethylene, PVC and expanded polystyrene. The shaft is aligned with the flow of wastewater so that the discs rotate at right angles to the f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1826, French scientist and naval officer Captain Jules Dumont dUrville reported waves as high as in the Indian Ocean with three colleagues as witnesses, yet he was publicly ridiculed by fellow scientist François Arago. In that era, the thought was widely held that no wave could exceed . Author Susan Casey wrote tha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*The pi-pi charge-transfer interactions of bipyridinium with dioxyarenes or diaminoarenes have been used extensively for the construction of mechanically interlocked systems and in crystal engineering.
*The use of crown ether binding with metal or ammonium cations is ubiquitous in supramolecular chemistry.
*The formati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chloroeremomycin was discovered by Eli Lilly in the 1980s. In the 1990s, researchers at Eli Lilly developed biphenyl-chloroeremomycin, now known as oritavancin, as a functionalized derivative of chloroeremomycin to combat rising antibacterial resistance to vancomycin. The chloroeremomycin gene cluster was sequenced by ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Light sheet fluorescence microscopy or selective plane imaging microscopy (SPIM) uses illumination that is done perpendicularly to the direction of observation, by using a thin sheet of (laser) light. Under certain conditions, this illumination principle can be combined with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, to al... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many aspects of academic research and industrial research such as in pharmaceuticals, health products, and many others relies on accurate water analysis to identify substances of potential use, to refine those substances and to ensure that when they are manufactured for sale that the chemical composition remains consis... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the most well known epigenetic mechanisms that proline isomerization plays a role in is the modification of histone tails, specifically those of histone H3. Fpr4 is a PPIase, in the FK507BP group, that exhibits catalytic activity at the proline positions 16, 30, and 38 (also written P16, P30, and P38 respectivel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a coupling reaction is a type of reaction in which two reactant molecules are bonded together. Such reactions often require the aid of a metal catalyst. In one important reaction type, a main group organometallic compound of the type R-M (where R = organic group, M = main group centre metal atom) ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As with experimental samples, the conditions of the gel can affect the molecular-weight size marker that runs alongside them. Factors such as buffer, charge/voltage, and concentration of gel can affect the mobility and/or appearance of your marker/ladder/standard. These elements need to be taken into consideration when... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pempidine is an aliphatic, sterically hindered, cyclic, tertiary amine, which is a weak base: in its protonated form it has a pK of 11.25.
Pempidine is a liquid with a boiling point of 187–188 °C and a density of 0.858 g/cm.
Two early syntheses of this compound are those of Leonard and Hauck, and Hall. These are very s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxaziridines have been found to undergo rearrangement reactions via a radical mechanism when irradiated with UV light or in the presence of a single electron transfer reagent such as Cu. spirocylic oxaziridines undergo ring expansions to the corresponding lactam. The migrating substituent is determined by a stereoelect... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Using the distributed load equation provided the can be replaced with area of the piston surface where the pressure is acting on.
Where:
: represents the resultant force
: represents the radius of the piston
: is pi, approximately equal to 3.14159. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Discharge cavitation occurs when the pump discharge pressure is extremely high, normally occurring in a pump that is running at less than 10% of its best efficiency point. The high discharge pressure causes the majority of the fluid to circulate inside the pump instead of being allowed to flow out the discharge. As the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Deamination of guanine results in the formation of xanthine. Xanthine, however, still pairs with cytosine. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Inside the body oxygen is delivered to cells and in the cells to mitochondria, where it is consumed in the process generating most of the energy required by the organism.
Mitochondrial respirometry measures the consumption of oxygen by the mitochondria without involving an entire living animal and is the main tool to s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Callystatin A is a polyketide natural product from the leptomycin family of secondary metabolites. It was first isolated in 1997 from the marine sponge Callyspongia truncata which was collected from the Goto Islands in the Nagasaki Prefecture of Japan by the Kobayashi group. Since then its absolute configuration has be... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, alkyl nitrites are a group of organic compounds based upon the molecular structure , where R represents an alkyl group. Formally they are alkyl esters of nitrous acid. They are distinct from nitro compounds ().
The first few members of the series are volatile liquids; methyl nitrite and ethyl nitr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It was found that the luciferase enzyme produced in fireflies is localized to the peroxisome within the photocytes. When mammalian cells were modified to produce the enzyme, it was found that they were targeted to the mammalian peroxisome as well. Because protein targeting to peroxisomes is not well understood, this fi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As of 2012, she is a full professor of inorganic chemistry and head of the research group Smart Biomaterials in the Department of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry of the Faculty of Pharmacy at Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
Vallet-Regí has written more than 600 articles and several books. She was the most-cite... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several periods are attested at Hammeh. From bedrock upward, remains of Chalcolithic (ca. 4500-3000 BC) and Early Bronze Age (ca. 3000-2000 BC) occupation were found, followed by more substantial layers of Late Bronze Age (ca. 1600-1150 BC) material. Hammeh appears continuously settled through the Late Bronze Age and I... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon autocorrelation function (also known as photon corr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As of 8 April 2013, 60 Eurobachelor, 36 Euromaster, and 1 Eurodoctorate labels have been awarded to 52 institutions and 3 consortia from 20 countries.
The countries that have been awarded labels include:
*Austria
*Belgium
*Czech Republic
*Estonia
*Finland
*France
*Germany
*Greece
*Hungary
*Ireland
*Italy
*Kazakhstan
*M... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
BindingDB
is a public, web-accessible database of measured binding affinities, focusing chiefly on the interactions of proteins considered to be candidate drug-targets with ligands that are small, drug-like molecules. As of March, 2011, BindingDB contains about 650,000 binding data, for 5,700 protein targets and 280... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
High levels of lactate dehydrogenase in cerebrospinal fluid are often associated with bacterial meningitis. In the case of viral meningitis, high LDH, in general, indicates the presence of encephalitis and poor prognosis. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Open-channel flow can be classified and described in various ways based on the change in flow depth with respect to time and space. The fundamental types of flow dealt with in open-channel hydraulics are:
* Time as the criterion
** Steady flow
*** The depth of flow does not change over time, or if it can be assumed to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following table represents the closure temperatures of some materials. These values are the approximate values of the closure temperatures of certain minerals listed by the isotopic system being used. These values are approximations; better values of the closure temperature require more precise calculations and ch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The theoretical plate concept was also adapted for chromatographic processes by Martin and Synge. The IUPAC's Gold Book provides a definition of the number of theoretical plates in a chromatography column.
The same equation applies in chromatography processes as for the packed bed processes, namely:
In packed column ch... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neglecting surface tension and viscosity, the equation was first derived by W. H. Besant in his 1859 book with the problem statement stated as An infinite mass of homogeneous incompressible fluid acted upon by no forces is at rest, and a spherical portion of the fluid is suddenly annihilated; it is required to find the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Respiration in cyanobacteria can occur in the thylakoid membrane alongside photosynthesis, with their photosynthetic electron transport sharing the same compartment as the components of respiratory electron transport. While the goal of photosynthesis is to store energy by building carbohydrates from CO, respiration is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the kinetic proofreading schema, a time delay (equivalently, an irreversible intermediate stage) is introduced during the formation of the correct or incorrect complexes. This time delay reduces the production rates of both complexes but enhances the fidelity beyond the equilibrium limit. The irreversibility of the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polysome profiling is a technique in molecular biology that is used to study the association of mRNAs with ribosomes. It is important to note that this technique is different from ribosome profiling. Both techniques have been reviewed and both are used in analysis of the translatome, but the data they generate are at v... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The litmus mixture has the CAS number 1393-92-6 and contains 10 to around 15 different dyes. All of the chemical components of litmus are likely to be the same as those of the related mixture known as orcein but in different proportions. In contrast with orcein, the principal constituent of litmus has an average molecu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to Sazonov and Shaw, the dimensionless Bunsen coefficient is defined as "the volume of saturating gas, V1, reduced to T° = 273.15 K, p° = 1 bar, which is absorbed by unit volume V* of pure solvent at the temperature of measurement and partial pressure of 1 bar." If the gas is ideal, the pressure cancels out,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Studies have shown that the binding of TFIIB to TBP is affected by the length of the polyglutamine tract in TBP. Extended polyglutamine tracts such as those found in neurodegenerative diseases cause increased interaction with TFIIB. This is thought to affect transcription in these diseases as it reduces the availabilit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radioanalytical chemistry focuses on the analysis of sample for their radionuclide content. Various methods are employed to purify and identify the radioelement of interest through chemical methods and sample measurement techniques. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Degeneracy of the genetic code was identified by Lagerkvist. For instance, codons GAA and GAG both specify glutamic acid and exhibit redundancy; but, neither specifies any other amino acid and thus are not ambiguous or demonstrate no ambiguity.
The codons encoding one amino acid may differ in any of their three positio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Explained briefly, NASBA works as follows:
#RNA template added to the reaction mixture, the first primer with the T7 promoter region on its 5 end attaches to its complementary site at the 3 end of the template.
#Reverse transcriptase synthesizes the opposite complementary DNA strand extending the 3' end of the primer, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Димитров П. 1988. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312155281_Dalec_ot_bregove_i_farvateri_Far_from_the_coasts_and_waterways Далеч от брегове и фарватери]. Варна. Изд. „Галактика“. Библиотека „Нептун“, 161 с., doi:[https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19449.36965/1 10.13140/RG.2.2.19449.36965/1]
* Димитров П., Д. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ultraviolet radiation is used for very fine resolution photolithography, a procedure wherein a chemical called a photoresist is exposed to UV radiation that has passed through a mask. The exposure causes chemical reactions to occur in the photoresist. After removal of unwanted photoresist, a pattern determined by the m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Excavations from sites where Indus Valley civilisation once flourished reveal usage of bronze for various purposes. Earliest known usage of bronze for art form can be traced back to 2500 BC. Dancing Girl of Mohenjo Daro is attributed for the same. Archaeologists working on excavation site at Kosambi in Uttar Pradesh un... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Soil contamination from heavy elements can be found in the urban environments, which can be attributed to the transportation and industries along with the background levels (minerals-leaching heavy elements from weathering). Also, some of the most soil contaminated areas are around the mines such as the ones in Sloven... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the US, municipalities may require permits for building drainage systems as federal law requires water sent to storm drains to be free of certain contaminants and sediment.
In the UK, local authorities may have specific requirements for the outfall of a French drain into a ditch or watercourse. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Erämetsä was an assistant geologist for the Geological Commission and made five exploration trips to Lapland.
He carried out a number of diamond surveys in the
Paatsjoki area of Petsamo in the 1930s, trying to verify reports of diamonds in the sands in that area. He concluded that what had been discovered was likely ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
;Myoglobin: Found in the muscle tissue of many vertebrates, including humans, it gives muscle tissue a distinct red or dark gray color. It is very similar to hemoglobin in structure and sequence, but is not a tetramer; instead, it is a monomer that lacks cooperative binding. It is used to store oxygen rather than trans... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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