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Recent advancements in SPR technology have given rise to novel formats increasing the scope and applicability of SPR sensing. Fiber optic SPR involves the integration of SPR sensors onto the ends of optical fibers, enabling the direct coupling of light with the surface plasmons as the analytes are passed through a holl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Guliyev was elected as a member of the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan SSR in VIII and IX convocations. He received two Stalin Prizes and an Azerbaijan SSR State Prize. He was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner of Labour, three Orders of the Badge of Honour and medals, six honorary diplomas of the Supreme Soviet of Azer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Coriolis effect
*Circulation
*Kelvin's circulation theorem
*Vorticity equation
*Thermal wind
*Geostrophic current
*Geostrophic wind
*Taylor–Proudman theorem
*Hydrostatic equilibrium
*Ekman spiral
*Ekman layer | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The API gravity of a crude oil is a measurement of purity - i.e., amount of impurities, such as sulphur, nitrogen, or oxygen. Impurities increase the density of the crude. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the sulfite process for paper-making, lignin is removed from the lignocellulose by treating wood chips with solutions of sulfite and bisulfite ions. These reagents cleave the bonds between the cellulose and lignin components and especially within the lignin itself. The lignin is converted to lignosulfonates, usef... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jean Beguin (1550–1620) was an iatrochemist noted for his 1610 Tyrocinium Chymicum (Begin Chemistry) ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-27843 Digital edition]), which many consider to be one of the first chemistry textbooks. In the 1615 edition of his textbook, Beguin made the first-ever chemical equation ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gene knockout by mutation is commonly carried out in bacteria. An early instance of the use of this technique in Escherichia coli was published in 1989 by Hamilton, et al. In this experiment, two sequential recombinations were used to delete the gene. This work established the feasibility of removing or replacing a fun... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The goal of the TB Structural Genomics Consortium is to determine the structures of potential drug targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. The development of novel drug therapies against tuberculosis are particularly important given the growing problem of multi-drug-resistant tube... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
On the basis of interfacial energies, the profile of a surface droplet or a liquid bridge between two surfaces can be described by the Young–Laplace equation. This equation is applicable for three-dimensional axisymmetric conditions and is highly non-linear. This is due to the mean curvature term which includes product... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After postdoctoral studies with Orville L. Chapman at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and habilitation at the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, he became Full Professor of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry at UCLA in 1989. In 1992 he was appointed Professor of Organic Chemistry at... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glomalin is a hypothetical glycoprotein produced abundantly on hyphae and spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in soil and in roots. Glomalin was proposed in 1996 by Sara F. Wright, a scientist at the USDA Agricultural Research Service, but it was not isolated and described yet. The name comes from Glomerales,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Generally the conductivity of a solution increases with temperature, as the mobility of the ions increases. For comparison purposes reference values are reported at an agreed temperature, usually 298 K (≈ 25 °C or 77 °F), although occasionally 20 °C (68 °F) is used. So called compensated measurements are made at a conv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The precise function of the central domain has not been fully elucidated, but it is thought to be important in aiding catalysis. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The effect of the interfacial layer is clearly seen in the interactions between nanoparticles. These interactions can be modelled using the DLVO theory. Classically this theory states that the potential of a particle is the sum of the electrostatic and van der Waals interaction. This is theory has proven to be very acc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Narrow-range ethoxylate
* Octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether
* Pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An important microstructural feature of a polymer is its architecture and shape, which relates to the way branch points lead to a deviation from a simple linear chain. A branched polymer molecule is composed of a main chain with one or more substituent side chains or branches. Types of branched polymers include star po... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The binding energy of helium is the energy source of the Sun and of most stars. The sun is composed of 74 percent hydrogen (measured by mass), an element having a nucleus consisting of a single proton. Energy is released in the Sun when 4 protons combine into a helium nucleus, a process in which two of them are also co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Martin Schoell attended University of Munich for his undergraduate career in 1961 and in 1964 attended the University Clausthal, Germany for graduate school where he obtained a PhD in geochemistry. While at the University Clausthal, in 1966 Schoell delivered his Diplomarbeit (Masters Thesis) on the geochemistry of stro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plastocyanin is a copper-containing protein that mediates electron-transfer. It is found in a variety of plants, where it participates in photosynthesis. The protein is a prototype of the blue copper proteins, a family of intensely blue-colored metalloproteins. Specifically, it falls into the group of small type I blu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Quantitative RT-PCR assay is considered to be the gold standard for measuring the number of copies of specific cDNA targets in a sample but it is poorly standardized. As a result, while there are numerous publications utilizing the technique, many provide inadequate experimental detail and use unsuitable data analysis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA assay), also known as the Smith assay, after its inventor, Paul K. Smith at the Pierce Chemical Company, now part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, is a biochemical assay for determining the total concentration of protein in a solution (0.5 μg/mL to 1.5 mg/mL), similar to Lowry protein assa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lichens grow in a wide range of shapes and forms; this external appearance is known as their morphology. The shape of a lichen is usually determined by the organization of the fungal filaments. The nonreproductive tissues, or vegetative body parts, are called the thallus. Lichens are grouped by thallus type, since the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Born to Instructor Commodore M. G. S. Perera (1 June 1917 – 10 August 1999), Founder and the First Commandant Naval & Maritime Academy Trincomalee, the First and Foremost Director of Naval Training, Royal Ceylon Navy, and former Senior Staff Captain / Nautical Instructor (Training of Deck Officer Cadets) Ceylon Shippin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cycling probe technology makes use of a chimeric nucleic acid probe to detect the presence of a particular DNA sequence. The chimeric probe consists of an RNA segment sandwiched between two DNA segments. The RNA segment contains 4 contiguous purine nucleotides. The probes should be less than 30 nucleotides in length an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Catskill-Delaware Water Ultraviolet Disinfection Facility is a ultraviolet (UV) water disinfection plant built in Westchester County, New York to disinfect water for the New York City water supply system. The compound is the largest ultraviolet germicidal irradiation plant in the world.
The UV facility treats wate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, the Chinese lantern structure is a coordination complex where two metal atoms are bridged by four bidentate ligands. This structure type is also known as a paddlewheel complex. Examples include chromium(II) acetate, molybdenum(II) acetate, and rhodium(II) acetate, copper(II) acetate dihydrate. The name is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The (nondimensional) shape, r(z) of an axisymmetric surface can be found by substituting general expressions for principal curvatures to give the hydrostatic Young–Laplace equations: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells, also known as the “Warburg effect”, is driven by hyperactivity of lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA). Mollapour’s team has identified the human tumor suppressor folliculin (FLCN) as a binding partner and uncompetitive inhibitor of LDHA. Their work has provided a new paradigm for the regu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
On 28 January 2021, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Vazkepa, intended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in people at high cardiovascular... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The area is rich in fossil fuels. Oil wells were being dug in the region as early as the 10th century to reach oil "for use in everyday life, both for medicinal purposes and for heating and lighting in homes". By the 16th century, Europeans were aware of the rich oil and gas deposits locally. English traders Thomas Ban... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
El-Shall was the first to apply the Resonant Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization (REMPI) technique to selectively generate molecular ions within supersaturated host vapors and study the phenomena of ion-induced nucleation on well-defined ions. He also focused his study on the formation mechanisms of gold–zinc oxide hexagon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An essential trace element is a dietary element, a mineral that is only needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of the organism. The essential trace elements are those that are required to perform vital metabolic activities in organisms. Essential trace elements in human nutrition... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bacteria become highly tolerant to antibiotics when nutrients are limited. Starvation contributes to antibiotic tolerance during infection, as nutrients become limited when they are sequestered by host defenses and consumed by proliferating bacteria. One of the most important causes of starvation induced tolerance in v... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Due to their high surface roughness, conventional white nitrocellulose films scatter and reflect large amounts of excitation and emission light during the fluorescence detection in the microarray scanner. In addition, nitrocellulose exhibits a natural autofluorescence at the detection wavelengths commonly used. Both th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Selective deprotection of silyl groups is possible in many instances. For example, in the synthesis of taxol:
Silyl ethers are mainly differentiated on the basis of sterics or electronics. In general, acidic deprotections deprotect less hindered silyl groups faster, with the steric bulk on silicon being more significan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A variety of different instruments can be used to perform position-specific isotope analysis, and each have distinct advantages and drawbacks. Many of them require comparison the sample of interest to a standard of known isotopic composition; fractionation within the instrument and variation of instrumental conditions ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lorentz force velocimetry (LFV) is a noncontact electromagnetic flow measurement technique. LFV is particularly suited for the measurement of velocities in liquid metals like steel or aluminium and is currently under development for metallurgical applications. The measurement of flow velocities in hot and aggressive li... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are three distinct groups of Complex III inhibitors.
* Antimycin A binds to the Q site and inhibits the transfer of electrons in Complex III from heme b to oxidized Q (Qi site inhibitor).
* Myxothiazol and stigmatellin binds to the Q site and inhibits the transfer of electrons from reduced QH to the Rieske Iron s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ABCC11 is a gene encoding an apical ATP-driven efflux transporter that has been found to transport a variety of lipophilic anions including cyclic nucleotides, estradiol glucuronide, steroid sulfates such as DHEA-S, and monoanionic bile acids. It is expressed and localized in apocrine glands, including in the axilla, t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gene knock-in originated as a slight modification of the original knockout technique developed by Martin Evans, Oliver Smithies, and Mario Capecchi. Traditionally, knock-in techniques have relied on homologous recombination to drive targeted gene replacement, although other methods using a transposon-mediated system to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Organic reactions can be categorized based on the type of functional group involved in the reaction as a reactant and the functional group that is formed as a result of this reaction. For example, in the Fries rearrangement the reactant is an ester and the reaction product an alcohol.
An overview of functional groups w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1971, the natural-gas-fired U-25 plant was completed near Moscow, with a designed capacity of 25 megawatts. By 1974 it delivered 6 megawatts of power. By 1994, Russia had developed and operated the coal-operated facility U-25, at the High-Temperature Institute of the Russian Academy of Science in Moscow. U-25s botto... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The fundamental thesis Jung is advancing about the relationship between Alchemy and Psychology is that for pre-scientific humans there is not a sharp distinction between subject and object and thus this leads them to unconsciously project their own inner states onto external objects (especially objects that are mostly ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Non-stop decay (NSD) is a cellular pathway that identifies and degrades aberrant mRNA transcripts that do not contain a proper stop codon. Stop codons are signals in messenger RNA that signal for synthesis of proteins to end. Aberrant transcripts are identified during translation when the ribosome translates into the p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ruthenium-iridium nanosized corals (RuIr-NC) are electrodes consisting of nanosized anisotropic ruthenium-iridium sheets for efficient electrolysis of water in acid discovered in the Kyoto University.
The RuIr-NC were discovered unintentionally at the Kyoto University, but then investigated and refined for the purpose ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Praseodymium(III) oxalate is an inorganic compound, a salt of praseodymium metal and oxalic acid, with the chemical formula COPr. The compound forms light green crystals that are insoluble in water. It also forms crystalline hydrates. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermite () is a pyrotechnic composition of metal powder and metal oxide. When ignited by heat or chemical reaction, thermite undergoes an exothermic reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction. Most varieties are not explosive, but can create brief bursts of heat and high temperature in a small area. Its form of action is si... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To stop the corrosion from continuing the object just needs to be aired out to remove any moisture and allow the normal layer of protection to form. Washing and a wire brush will remove most of the corrosion. For complete removal, 10% acetic acid or a mixture of polishing chalk and 20–40% NaOH can be used. Both require... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reactions in chemical processes are either unimolecular or bimolecular. The rate of a unimolecular reaction is an average over a vast ensemble of the rate coefficients for the microscopic events of collisional energy transfer and of reaction of a completely isolated molecule. Gilberts work in the field of unimolecular ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In meteorology, mixing ratio usually refers to the mass ratio of water , which is defined as the mass of water divided by the mass of dry air () in a given air parcel:
The unit is typically given in . The definition is similar to that of specific humidity. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In friction stir processing (FSP), a rotating tool is used with a pin and a shoulder to a single piece of material to make specific property enhancement, such as improving the materials toughness or flexibility, in a specific area in the micro-structure of the material via fine grain of a second material with propertie... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ASM International, formerly known as the American Society for Metals, is an association of materials-centric engineers and scientists.
As the charitable arm of ASM, the ASM Materials Education Foundation also operates ASM Materials Camp in the summers for high school students and teachers. These camps are intended to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The phenomenon of electroluminescence was discovered in 1907 using silicon carbide and the first commercial LEDs were based on SiC. Yellow LEDs made from 3C-SiC were manufactured in the Soviet Union in the 1970s and blue LEDs (6H-SiC) worldwide in the 1980s.
Carbide LED production soon stopped when a different material... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A P wave (primary wave or pressure wave) is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, called seismic waves in seismology. P waves travel faster than other seismic waves and hence are the first signal from an earthquake to arrive at any affected location or at a seismograph. P waves may be transmitted through gas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to avoid leakage at the packing or seal particularly when a liquid is dangerous, toxic, or noxious, diaphragm pumps are used for metering. Diaphragm pumps have a diaphragm through which repeated compression/decompression motion is transmitted. The liquid does not penetrate through the diaphragm, so the liqui... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ammonium metavanadate is the inorganic compound with the formula NHVO. It is a white salt, although samples are often yellow owing to impurities of VO. It is an important intermediate in the purification of vanadium. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Assemblies of solar cells are used to make solar modules that generate electrical power from sunlight, as distinguished from a "solar thermal module" or "solar hot water panel". A solar array generates solar power using solar energy. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The history of cosmetics spans at least 7,000 years and is present in almost every society on earth. Cosmetic body art is argued to have been the earliest form of a ritual in human culture. The evidence for this comes in the form of utilised red mineral pigments (red ochre) including crayons associated with the emergen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The kilogram per cubic metre (symbol: kg·m, or kg/m) is the unit of density in the International System of Units (SI). It is defined by dividing the SI unit of mass, the kilogram, by the SI unit of volume, the cubic metre. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Allophanic acid is the organic compound with the formula HNC(O)NHCOH. It is a carbamic acid, the carboxylated derivative of urea. Biuret can be viewed as the amide of allophanic acid. The compound can be prepared by treating urea with sodium bicarbonate:
:HNC(O)NH + NaHCO → HNC(O)NHCOH + NaOH
The anionicconjug... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Studies indicate creatinine can be effective at killing bacteria of many species in both the Gram positive and Gram negative as well as diverse antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. Creatinine appears not to affect growth of fungi and yeast; this can be used to isolate slower growing fungi free from the normal bacter... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Following selection from DNA-encoded chemical libraries, the decoding strategy for the fast and efficient identification of the specific binding compounds is crucial for the further development of the DEL technology. So far, Sanger-sequencing-based decoding, microarray-based methodology and high-throughput sequencing t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Van de Flierdt is interested in the marine-terminating sector of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during past warm periods. Her research looks to develop new geochemical and isotopic tracers in marine geochemistry, paleoceanography and paleoclimate, with particular focus on radiogenic isotopes. She is co-lead of the MAGIC ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A disaccharide (also called a double sugar or biose) is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage. Like monosaccharides, disaccharides are simple sugars soluble in water. Three common examples are sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
Disaccharides are one of the four chemical groupings of car... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
, also known as Persian gum, is a shrub or tree from Persia historically famed for its balsam, which was used to create ancient and medieval paint and in traditional medicines. Although its identity was uncertain to Europeans after it fell from use in the medieval period, it has since been identified with a species of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mechanism of PICUP require the tris(bipyridyl)Ru(II) complex, an electron acceptor, ammonium persulfate (APS), and reactive amino acid side chains. Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate, a tris(bipyridyl)Ru(II) complex, initially contains a Ru. Upon visible light irradiation and in the presence of a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The method is proposed as an assay that employs both cfDNA whole genome methylation sequencing and fragmentomic feature information for multicancer classification. Copy number ratios calculated for healthy and cancerous tissues are used as a cancer type and cancer existence identifier. As done in EPIC-seq, the method a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Establishing body axes is a critical step in animal development. During mouse embryonic development, Nodal, a transforming growth factor-beta superfamily ligand, is a key gene involved in patterning both the anterior-posterior axis and the left-right axis of the early embryo. The Nodal gene contains two enhancers: the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SCV roofs confront a magnitude of challenges due to the adverse weather conditions of the Southeastern United States. High humidity levels, excessive rain amounts, prolonged heat, mold, mildew, insects, disease, weeds, soil borne disease, maintenance concerns, and sloped roofs are the major challenges faced in designin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The main components of a UV curing solution includes resins, monomers, and photoinitiators. Resin is an oligomer that imparts specific properties to the final polymer. A monomer is used as a cross-linking agent and regulates the viscosity of the mixture to suit the application. The photoinitiator is responsible for abs... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Capillary penetration in porous media shares its dynamic mechanism with flow in hollow tubes, as both processes are resisted by viscous forces. Consequently, a common apparatus used to demonstrate the phenomenon is the capillary tube. When the lower end of a glass tube is placed in a liquid, such as water, a concave me... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Koded membranes are described by the construct and the concentration of FSL (in μg/mL) used to create them. For example, kodecytes created with a 100 μg/mL solution of FSL-A would be termed A100 kodecytes. If multiple FSL constructs were used then the definition is expanded accordingly, e.g. A100+B300 kodecytes are cre... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sigma-2 receptors are highly expressed in breast, ovarian, lung cancers, brain, bladder, colon cancers, and melanoma. This novelty makes them a valuable biomarker for identifying cancerous tissues. Furthermore, studies have shown that they are more highly expressed in malignant tumors than dormant tumors.
Exogenous sig... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In attempts to raise the chemical and quantum yields of nitrobenzyl-based PPGs, several beneficial modifications have been identified. The largest increase in quantum yield and reaction rate can be achieved through substitution at the benzylic carbon. However, potential substitutions must leave one hydrogen atom so the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrogen for the reduction of C=N double bond can either be provided by hydrogen gas (H) or transferred from sources of H, such as alcohols and formic acid. The process is usually catalyzed by transition metal complexes. For metal catalyzed reactions, the transfer of H to the imine can proceed by either inner sphere o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In rolling element bearings fretting may occur when the bearings are operating in an oscillating motion. Examples of applications are blade bearings in wind turbines, helicopter rotor pitch bearings, and bearings in robots. If the bearing movement is limited to small motions the damage caused may be called fretting or ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sonication is the act of applying sound energy to agitate particles in a sample, for various purposes such as the extraction of multiple compounds from plants, microalgae and seaweeds. Ultrasonic frequencies (> 20 kHz) are usually used, leading to the process also being known as ultrasonication or ultra-sonication.
In ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Considerable research effort continues to be directed toward the purpose and ramifications of alarm-calling behaviour, because, to the extent that this research has the ability to comment on the occurrence or non-occurrence of altruistic behaviour, these findings can be applied to the understanding of altruism in human... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It has been studies that a type of cerein 8A is very effective in inhibiting the effects of the pathogenic bacteria Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica that causes diarrhea, stomach aches, and fever. In clinical research, it was discovered that cerein 8A in combination with combination with sodium lactate killed Salmon... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrofusion welding is a form of resistive implant welding used to join pipes. A fitting with implanted metal coils is placed around two ends of pipes to be joined, and current is passed through the coils. Resistive heating of the coils melts small amounts of the pipe and fitting, and upon solidification, a joint is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Commonly used protein production systems include those derived from bacteria, yeast, baculovirus/insect, mammalian cells, and more recently filamentous fungi such as Myceliophthora thermophila. When biopharmaceuticals are produced with one of these systems, process-related impurities termed host cell proteins also arri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the 1950s, a series of epidemiological studies were done in the US to determine the relationship between water quality of natural waters and the health of bathers. The results indicated that swimmers were more likely to have gastrointestinal symptoms, eye infections, skin complaints, ear, nose, and throat infections... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RegulonDB is a database of the regulatory network of gene expression in Escherichia coli K-12. RegulonDB also models the organization of the genes in transcription units, operons and regulons. A total of 120 sRNAs with 231 total interactions which all together regulate 192 genes are also included. RegulonDB was found... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A molecular logic gate is a molecule that performs a logical operation based on one or more physical or chemical inputs and a single output. The field has advanced from simple logic systems based on a single chemical or physical input to molecules capable of combinatorial and sequential operations such as arithmetic op... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the analysis of the molecular formula of organic molecules, the degree of unsaturation (DU) (also known as the index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD), double bond equivalents (DBE), or unsaturation index) is a calculation that determines the total number of rings and π bonds. A formula is used in organic chemistry to he... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The reverse Krebs cycle is proposed to be a major role in the pathophysiology of melanoma. Melanoma tumors are known to alter normal metabolic pathways in order to utilize waste products. These metabolic adaptations help the tumor adapt to its metabolic needs. The most well known adaptation is the Warburg effect where ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Deviations from ideality can be described by the use of Margules functions or activity coefficients. A single Margules parameter may be sufficient to describe the properties of the solution if the deviations from ideality are modest; such solutions are termed regular.
In contrast to ideal solutions, where volumes are... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
†The value is exact but not expressible as a finite decimal; approximated to 9 decimal places only.
Since is a proportionality factor between temperature and energy, its numerical value depends on the choice of units for energy and temperature. The small numerical value of the Boltzmann constant in SI units means a c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although polyrotaxanes are formed from components, their solubilities are different from the host or guest molecules. For examples, in the cyclodextrin-based polyrotaxanes, due to the hydrophilicity or high polarity of exterior structure of the cyclodextrins, some polyrotaxanes are able to be dissolved in water or othe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1996, the ISCRE Board of Directors established the Neal R. Amundson Award for Excellence in Chemical Reaction Engineering. This award recognizes a pioneer in the field of Chemical Reaction Engineering who has exerted a major influence on the theory or practice of the field, through originality, creativity, and novel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The sodium carbonate test (not to be confused with sodium carbonate extract test) is used to distinguish between some common metal ions, which are precipitated as their respective carbonates. The test can distinguish between copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) or lead (Pb). Sodium carbonate solution is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zearalenone has two major phase I metabolites: α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol. When exposed orally ZEN is absorbed by the intestinal lining and metabolized there as well as in the liver. Research into the metabolism of ZEN has been difficult because of the significant difference in biotransformation between species maki... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Watt's Expansion Engine is generally considered as of historic interest only. There are however some recent developments which may lead to a renaissance of the technology. Today, there is an enormous amount of waste steam and waste heat with temperatures between 100 and 150 °C generated by industry. In addition, solart... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The application of DC electric fields is known to reduce the flow stress of metals and metal alloys while increasing the fracture strain. Several mechanisms have been put forth to explain this effect including Joule heating, electron wind force, dissolution of metallic bonds, and unpinning of dislocations due the induc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Analysis and design of marine structures or systems necessitates integration of hydrodynamics and structural mechanics; i.e. hydroelasticity plays the key role. There has been significant recent progress in research into the hydroelastic phenomena, and the topic of hydroelasticity is of considerable current interest. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Protein skimming removes certain organic compounds, including proteins and amino acids found in food particles and fish waste, by using the polarity of the protein itself. Due to their intrinsic charge, water-borne proteins are either repelled or attracted by the air/water interface and these molecules can be described... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many commercial and subsistence fisheries in arctic and subarctic regions fish for cod, salmon, crab, groundfish, and pollock depend on this energy-rich zooplankton as food. In 2017, the highest value of commercial fish species for the US was salmon ($688 million), crabs ($610 million), shrimp ($531 million), scallops ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The prolemuris (Syaksyuk in Navi) are blue, hexapodal creatures based on Earths lemurs. They have two eyes, small nostrils, and their two upper arms on each side are partially fused. Like most Pandoran creatures, they have a queue on the back of their heads. They have lateral skin membranes on each side of the body. Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Severyn Marcel Sternhell (30 May 1930 – 18 November 2022) was a Polish-born Australian academic and organic chemist. He was professor of Chemistry at the University of Sydney and a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. His research focused on the induction of chirality into mesophases, aspects of steric hindran... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms for Mg transport in plants is very limited, with only three publications reporting a molecular basis for Mg transport in plants. However, the importance of Mg to plants has been well described, and physiological and ecophysiological studies about the effects of Mg are n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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