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TALEN can be used to edit genomes by inducing double-strand breaks (DSB), which cells respond to with repair mechanisms.
Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) directly ligates DNA from either side of a double-strand break where there is very little or no sequence overlap for annealing. This repair mechanism induces errors ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Amino acid-based surfactants are surfactants derived from an amino acid. Their properties vary and can be either anionic, cationic, or zwitterionic, depending on the amino acid used and which part of the amino acid is condensed with the alkyl/aryl chain.
* Gemini surfactants consist of two surfactant molecules linked... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Eco pickled surface technology has been tested and approved for use as a replacement for acid pickled steel by automotive manufacturers General Motors and Chrysler. The Eco Pickled Surface process was a finalist in the 2013 American Metal Market (AMM) Awards for Steel Excellence. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Coral is a calcifying organism, putting it at high risk for decay and slow growth rates as ocean acidification increases. Aragonite assists the coral as they build their skeletons because it is another form of calcium carbonate (CaCO) that is more soluble. When the pH of the water decreases, aragonite decreases as well... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Magnetorheological dampers of various applications have been and continue to be developed. These dampers are mainly used in heavy industry with applications such as heavy motor damping, operator seat/cab damping in construction vehicles, and more.
As of 2006, materials scientists and mechanical engineers are collaborat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The gag-onc fusion protein is a general term for a fusion protein formed from a group-specific antigen (gag) gene and that of an oncogene (onc), a gene that plays a role in the development of a cancer. The name is also written as Gag-v-Onc, with "v" indicating that the Onc sequence resides in a viral genome. Onc is a g... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ambush hypothesis is a hypothesis in the field of molecular genetics that suggests that the prevalence of “hidden” or off-frame stop codons in DNA selectively deters off-frame translation of mRNA to save energy, molecular resources, and to reduce strain on biosynthetic machinery by truncating the production of non-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Branched chain fatty acids are usually saturated and are found in two distinct families: the iso-series and anteiso-series. It has been found that Actinomycetales contain unique branch-chain fatty acid synthesis mechanisms, including that which forms tuberculosteric acid. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PDRCs can be broadband in their thermal emittance capacity, meaning they possess high emittance in both the solar spectrum and atmospheric LWIR window (8 to 14 μm), or selective emitters, meaning they narrowband emit longwave infrared radiation only in the infrared window.
In theory, selective thermal emitters can achi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A deformation mechanism map is a way of representing the dominant deformation mechanism in a material loaded under a given set of conditions. The technique is applicable to all crystalline materials, metallurgical as well as geological. Additionally, work has been conducted regarding the use of deformation maps to nano... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thymidine diphosphate (TDP) or deoxythymidine diphosphate (dTDP) (also thymidine pyrophosphate, dTPP) is a nucleotide diphosphate. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside thymidine. dTDP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase thymine. Unlike the other deoxyr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The signal generated by probe modulation is much smaller than the original pump beam, so the two are spectrally separated within the detection path using a dichroic mirror. The probe signal can be collected with many different types of photodetectors, typically a photodiode. Then, the modulated signal is amplified usin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This area of study has recently gained more importance due to the increasing evidence that post-transcriptional regulation plays a larger role than previously expected. Even though protein with DNA binding domains are more abundant than protein with RNA binding domains, a recent study by Cheadle et al. (2005) showed th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several studies have suggested that vanillin can affect the performance of antibiotics in laboratory conditions. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbonic anhydrase-related protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CA8 gene. The CA8 protein lacks the catalytic activity of other carbonic anhydrase enzymes. A rare, autosomal recessive form of cerebellar ataxia known as "cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and dysequilibrium syndrome 3" (CAMRQ3) is c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A solar fuel is a synthetic chemical fuel produced from solar energy.
Solar fuels can be produced through photochemical (i.e. activation of certain chemical reactions by photons), photobiological (i.e., artificial photosynthesis), and electrochemical reactions (i.e. using the electricity from solar panels to drive a c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although not usually isolated as such, the salt ammonium carbamate is produced on a large scale as an intermediate in the production of the commodity chemical urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Giuseppe Resnati (born 26 August 1955) is an Italian chemist with interests in supramolecular chemistry and fluorine chemistry. He has a particular focus on self-assembly processes driven by halogen bonds and chalcogen bonds. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fast hole drilling EDM was designed for producing fast, accurate, small, deep holes. It is conceptually akin to sinker EDM but the electrode is a rotating tube conveying a pressurized jet of dielectric fluid. It can make a hole an inch deep in about a minute and is a good way to machine holes in materials too hard for ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Low-impact development (LID) is a term used in Canada and the United States to describe a land planning and engineering design approach to manage stormwater runoff as part of green infrastructure. LID emphasizes conservation and use of on-site natural features to protect water quality. This approach implements enginee... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Society has hosted scientific technical meetings since 1902 including its biannual meetings in the spring and fall of each year. The ECS biannual meetings bring together the most active researchers in academia, government, and industry—both professionals and students—to engage, discuss, and innovate in the areas of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Once a theory is formulated, its validity must be tested, that is, compare its predictions with the results of the experiments.
When the expression form of the rate constant is compared with the rate equation for an elementary bimolecular reaction, , it is noticed that
unit M⋅s (= dm⋅mol⋅s), with all dimension unit dm ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the next phase (Scheme 2), starting from ketal 12, the cyclohexane ring was cleaved to provide two anchoring points for fusion with the A ring. Alcohol 12 was protected by a benzyl group. The acetonide protecting group was removed from the ketone. Ketone 14 was converted to silyl enol ether 15 by reaction with trim... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The final section of the guidelines involves information on how the analysis of the qPCR data was done. The essential parts of that include the program and program version used for the analysis, the method for how the Cq was determined, figuring out the outlier points in the data and how they are used or excluded and w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In uncompetitive inhibition the inhibitor binds only to the enzyme-substrate complex. This type of inhibition causes V to decrease (maximum velocity decreases as a result of removing activated complex) and K to decrease (due to better binding efficiency as a result of Le Chateliers principle and the effective eliminati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Additive effect in pharmacology describes the situation when the combining effects of two drugs equal the sum of the effects of the two drugs acting independently. The concept of additive effect is derived from the concept of synergy. It was introduced by the scientists in pharmacology and biochemistry fields in the pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Space stations transmitting solar power have appeared in science-fiction works like Isaac Asimovs "Reason" (1941), that centers around the troubles caused by the robots operating the station. Asimovs short story "The Last Question" also features the use of SBSP to provide limitless energy for use on Earth.
Erc Kotani a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Capillary action (sometimes called capillarity, capillary motion, capillary rise, capillary effect, or wicking) is the process of a liquid flowing in a narrow space in opposition to or at least without the assistance of any external forces like gravity.
The effect can be seen in the drawing up of liquids between the h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lotka underscored the centrality of available energy in the struggle for survival and evolution. By asserting that organisms with more efficient energy-capturing mechanisms gain an advantage, Lotka essentially aligned with the MPP. The MPP posits that biological systems, like any other complex systems, tend to evolve i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Thai Institute of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (TIChE) () is a professional organization for chemical engineers. TIChE was established in 1996 to distinguish chemical engineers as a profession independent of chemists and mechanical engineers. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Needham and Lus first explanation is that many alchemical mineral preparations were capable of giving an "initial exhilaration" or transient sense of well-being, usually involving weight loss and increased libido. These preliminary tonic effects could have acted as a kind of "bait" inveigling an elixir-taker deeper int... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gradation is usually specified for each engineering application it is used for. For example, foundations might only call for coarse aggregates, and therefore an open gradation is needed.
Sieve analysis determines the particle size distribution of a given soil sample and hence helps in easy identification of a soil's m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Enantioselective catalysis (known traditionally as "asymmetric catalysis") is performed using chiral catalysts, which are typically chiral coordination complexes. Catalysis is effective for a broader range of transformations than any other method of enantioselective synthesis. The chiral metal catalysts are almost inva... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fluorescent reporter probes detect only the DNA containing the sequence complementary to the probe; therefore, use of the reporter probe significantly increases specificity, and enables performing the technique even in the presence of other dsDNA. Using different-coloured labels, fluorescent probes can be used in multi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most equilibrium fractionations are thought to result from the reduction in vibrational energy (especially zero-point energy) when a more massive isotope is substituted for a less massive one. This leads to higher concentrations of the massive isotopes in substances where the vibrational energy is most sensitive to iso... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Relative to other SNRIs, levomilnacipran, as well as milnacipran, differ in that they are much more balanced reuptake inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine. To demonstrate, the serotonin:norepinephrine ratios of SNRIs are as follows: venlafaxine = 30:1, duloxetine = 10:1, desvenlafaxine = 14:1, milnacipran = 1.6:1... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Common names for ketones can be derived by naming the two alkyl or aryl groups bonded to the carbonyl group as separate words followed by the word ketone.
*Acetone
*Acetophenone
*Benzophenone
*Ethyl isopropyl ketone
*Diethyl ketone
The first three of the names shown above are still considered to be [http://www.acdlabs.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Kuwajima Taxol total synthesis by the group of Isao Kuwajima of the Tokyo Institute of Technology is one of several efforts in taxol total synthesis published in the 1990s. The total synthesis of Taxol is considered a landmark in organic synthesis.
This synthesis is truly synthetic without any help from small biomo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*1983, 1984 NASA Lewis Research Center Summer Faculty Fellow
*1985, 1986, 1987: Senior Visiting Scientist, Burroughs Wellcome Co.
*1987: East Carolina University Sigma XI Helms Award for outstanding Research
*1999: East Carolina University 5-Year Achievement Research/Creative Activity Award
*2001: East Carolina Univers... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A cumomer is a set of isotopomer sharing similar properties and is a concept that relates to metabolic flux analysis. The concept was developed in 1999. In a metabolic cascade, many molecules will contain the same pattern of isotope labelling. In order to simplify the analysis of such cascades, molecules with identical... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Soil biology and chemistry can be seriously damaged by acid rain. Some microbes are unable to tolerate changes to low pH and are killed. The enzymes of these microbes are denatured (changed in shape so they no longer function) by the acid. The hydronium ions of acid rain also mobilize toxins, such as aluminium, and lea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Like Ohta, H.T.Odum also sought to order energy form conversions according to their quality, however his hierarchical scale for ranking was based on extending ecological system food chain concepts to thermodynamics rather than simply relative ease of transformation . For H.T.Odum energy quality rank is based on the amo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The use of ionic liquids in carbon capture is a potential application of ionic liquids as absorbents for use in carbon capture and sequestration. Ionic liquids, which are salts that exist as liquids near room temperature, are polar, nonvolatile materials that have been considered for many applications. The urgency of c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Courtois was acknowledged by Humphry Davy and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac as the true discoverer of iodine. He went into manufacturing high-quality iodine and its salts in 1822. In 1831 he was awarded 6,000 francs as part of the Montyon Prize by LAcademie royale des sciences for the medicinal value of this element. He stru... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to excite surface plasmon polaritons in a resonant manner, one can use electron bombardment or incident light beam (visible and infrared are typical). The incoming beam has to match its momentum to that of the plasmon. In the case of p-polarized light (polarization occurs parallel to the plane of incidence), ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a given Mach number, M, and corner angle, θ, the oblique shock angle, β, and the downstream Mach number, M, can be calculated. Unlike after a normal shock where M must always be less than 1, in oblique shock M can be supersonic (weak shock wave) or subsonic (strong shock wave). Weak solutions are often observed in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cavitation in fluid mechanics and engineering normally refers to the phenomenon in which the static pressure of a liquid reduces to below the liquid's vapour pressure, leading to the formation of small vapor-filled cavities in the liquid. When subjected to higher pressure, these cavities, called "bubbles" or "voids", c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A backdraft can occur when a compartment fire has little or no ventilation. Due to this, little or no oxygen can flow into the compartment. Then, because fires reduce oxygen, the oxygen concentration decreases. When the oxygen concentration becomes too low to support combustion, some or all of the combustion switches t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to treating the liquid waste excreted by fish the solid waste must also be treated, this is done by concentrating and flushing the solids out of the system. Removing solids reduces bacteria growth, oxygen demand, and the proliferation of disease. The simplest method for removing solids is the creation of se... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1999, NASA initiated its Space Solar Power Exploratory Research and Technology program (SERT) for the following purposes:
* Perform design studies of selected flight demonstration concepts.
* Evaluate studies of the general feasibility, design, and requirements.
* Create conceptual designs of subsystems that make us... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Minimum solid area models assume that the load bearing area (cross-sectional area normal to the stress) is the logical basis for modeling mechanical behavior. MSA models assume pore interaction results in reduction of stress. Therefore, the minimum solid areas are the carriers of stress. As a result, predicted mechanic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The high error rate (0.01-0.001) of standard NGS platforms introduced during sample preparation or sequencing is a major limitation for the detection of variants present in a small fraction of cells. Due to the duplex tagging system and use of information in both strands of DNA, duplex sequencing has significantly decr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Calling it "The Crime of Falsification", the Pope specified that any person who either produced, successfully ordered the production of, assisted in the production of or knowingly sold false alchemic metals in attempt to pay off debt should be sentenced to pay a fine; the fine was to be calculated by weighing the alche... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MDL Chime was a free plugin used by web browsers to display the three-dimensional structures of molecules. and was based on the RasMol code. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Solomons ground-breaking work on free radical polymerization was initiated through observations made in industry. For example, anomalies that were not explained by polymerization theory at the time, and the observation that during the production of polymer/mineral composites some batches underwent spontaneous combustio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The point of zero charge (pzc) is generally described as the pH at which the net charge of total particle surface (i.e. absorbent's surface) is equal to zero, which concept has been introduced in the studies dealt with colloidal flocculation to explain pH affecting the phenomenon.
A related concept in electrochemistry ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diffraction patterns depend on whether the beam is diffracted by one single crystal or by a number of differently oriented crystallites, for instance in a polycrystalline material. If there are many contributing crystallites, the diffraction image is a superposition of individual crystal patterns, see Figure 12. With a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In orthodox two-component signaling, a histidine kinase protein autophosphorylates on a histidine residue in response to an extracellular signal, and the phosphoryl group is subsequently transferred to an aspartate residue on the receiver domain of a response regulator. In phosphorelays, the "hybrid" histidine kinase c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ralph Edward Oesper (14 June 1886 – 10 December 1977) was an American chemist and historian of chemistry. He is noted for his biographies of scientists, emphasizing their personal lives in addition to their scientific contributions. Oesper translated significant works in the field of chemistry to various languages espe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
First discovered and named by E. Rink and H. Böhm in 1974 they were isolated in cell suspension cultures of the Papaveraceae Macleaya microcarpa.
Since then, many minor advancements have been made in this particular topic, but BBE-like enzymes, either for their lack of study, or the lack of clear indications that it mi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When a septic tank is used in combination with a biofilter, the height and catabolic area of the drain field may be reduced. Biofilter technology may allow higher density residential construction, minimal site disturbance and more usable land for trees, swimming pools, or gardens. With adequate routine maintenance it... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Coating components are subject to particle-particle, particle-solvent, and particle-polymer interactions. Van der Waals forces, electrostatic repulsions, and steric stabilization are the reasons for these interactions. Importantly, the characteristics of adhesion and cohesion between the components form the base coatin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A set of empirical rules relating the protein structure to the pK values of ionizable residues have been developed by Li, Robertson, and Jensen. These rules form the basis for the [https://biolib.com/bio-utils/propka/ web-accessible] program called PROPKA for rapid predictions of pK values. A recent empirical pK predic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Bay is well-known for its seafood, especially blue crabs, clams, and oysters. In the middle of the 20th century, the Bay supported 9,000 full-time watermen, according to one account. Today, the body of water is less productive than it used to be because of runoff from urban areas (mostly on the Western Shore) and f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radionuclides which emit gamma radiation are valuable in a range of different industrial, scientific and medical technologies. This article lists some common gamma-emitting radionuclides of technological importance, and their properties. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
1,3-Propanedithiol reacts with metal ions to form chelate rings. Illustrative is the synthesis of the derivative diiron propanedithiolate hexacarbonyl upon reaction with triiron dodecacarbonyl:
:Fe(CO) + CH(SH) → Fe(SCH)(CO) + H + Fe(CO) + CO | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Starting in the 1980s, scientific advances allowed the use of DNA as a material for the identification of an individual. The first patent covering the direct use of DNA variation for forensics ([https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/pdfs/US5593832.pdf US5593832A]) was filed by Jeffrey G... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In October 2006, Taiwan banned ractopamine along with other beta-adrenergic agonists. In a 2012 climb-down, its legislature passed amendments to its Act Governing Food Sanitation, authorising government agencies to set safety standards for ractopamine. The Taiwanese Department of Health ultimately established an MRL of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Leukotriene D (LTD) is one of the leukotrienes. Its main function in the body is to induce the contraction of smooth muscle, resulting in bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction. It also increases vascular permeability. LTD is released by basophils. Other leukotrienes that function in a similar manner are leukotrienes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The kiln connects with a material exit hood at the lower end and ducts for waste gases. This requires gas-tight seals at either end of the kiln. The exhaust gas may go to waste, or may enter a preheater, which further exchanges heat with the entering feed. The gases must be drawn through the kiln, and the preheater if ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Quantum mechanics effects become noticeable for nanoscale objects. They include quantum confinement in semiconductor particles, localized surface plasmons in some metal particles, and superparamagnetism in magnetic materials. Quantum dots are nanoparticles of semiconducting material that are small enough (typically sub... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR, or ARMS-PCR, employs two pairs of primers to amplify two alleles in one PCR reaction. The primers are designed such that the two primer pairs overlap at a SNP location but each match perfectly to only one of the possible SNPs. The basis of the invention is that... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thiols are easily deprotonated. Relative to the alcohols, thiols are more acidic. The conjugate base of a thiol is called a thiolate. Butanethiol has a pK of 10.5 vs 15 for butanol. Thiophenol has a pK of 6, versus 10 for phenol. A highly acidic thiol is pentafluorothiophenol (CFSH) with a pK of 2.68. Thus, thiolates ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Depending on the application, various types of working fluids are used. In a thermodynamic cycle it may be the case that the working fluid changes state from gas to liquid or vice versa. Certain gases such as helium can be treated as ideal gases. This is not generally the case for superheated steam and the ideal gas eq... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The derivative of an activity coefficient with respect to temperature is related to excess molar enthalpy by
Similarly, the derivative of an activity coefficient with respect to pressure can be related to excess molar volume. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A spot test in lichenology is a spot analysis used to help identify lichens. It is performed by placing a drop of a chemical reagent on different parts of the lichen and noting the colour change (or lack thereof) associated with application of the chemical. The tests are routinely encountered in dichotomous keys for li... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diels-Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) can be utilized to obtain both β- as well as γ-lactam. At lower temp (−78 °C), β-lactam is the preferred product. At optimum temperatures, a highly useful γ-lactam known as Vince Lactam is obtained. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The system is the part of the universe being studied, while the surroundings is the remainder of the universe that lies outside the boundaries of the system. It is also known as the environment or the reservoir. Depending on the type of system, it may interact with the system by exchanging mass, energy (including hea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In spectroscopy, spectral flux density is the quantity that describes the rate at which energy is transferred by electromagnetic radiation through a real or virtual surface, per unit surface area and per unit wavelength (or, equivalently, per unit frequency). It is a radiometric rather than a photometric measure. In SI... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lanthanum(III) iodide adopts the same crystal structure as plutonium(III) bromide, with 8-coordinate metal centres arranged in layers. This orthorhombic structure is typical of the triiodides of the lighter lanthanides (La–Nd), whereas heavier lanthanides tend to adopt the hexagonal bismuth(III) iodide structure. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Active metabolism of glucose with production of bicarbonate has been demonstrated by Pettersson and Cohen.
Pettersson studies were on the metabolism of glucose and fatty acids by kidneys during 6 day hypothermic perfusion storage and he found that the kidneys consumed glucose at 4.4 μmol/g/day and fatty acids at 5.8 μm... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*He was awarded a Tilden Prize of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 1974
*He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1978. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The strength of non-covalent interactions in a mechanically interlocked molecular architecture increases as compared to the non-mechanically bonded analogues. This increased strength is demonstrated by the necessity of harsher conditions to remove a metal template ion from catenanes as opposed to their non-mechanically... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The bond length in peroxides is about 1.45 Å, and the angles (R = H, C) are about 110° (water-like). Characteristically, the dihedral angles are about 120°. The bond is relatively weak, with a bond dissociation energy of , less than half the strengths of , , and bonds.
Hydroperoxides are typically more volatile th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to the above-mentioned classification based on energy, muon beams are also divided according to the time structure of the particle accelerator, i.e. continuous or pulsed.
For continuous muon sources no dominating time structure is present. By selecting an appropriate incoming muon rate, muons are implanted ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The strip consists of two strips of different metals which expand at different rates as they are heated, usually steel and copper, or in some cases steel and brass. The strips are joined together throughout their length by riveting, brazing or welding. The different expansions force the flat strip to bend one way if he... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to perform geometric phase analysis, a computer tool is needed. Firstly, because manual evaluation of transforms between spatial and frequential domain would be highly impractical. Secondly, a vector of crystallographic plane is an important input parameter and the analysis is sensitive to the accuracy of its ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Barbara Grzybowska-Świerkosz (born 1937), is a Polish chemist. She graduated from the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków in 1959, and received a PhD from the Department of Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh in 1963. After completing a post-doctoral degree at th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In geophysics the anisotropy in elastic properties is usually weak, in which case . When the exact expressions for the wave velocities above are linearized in these small quantities, they simplify to
where
are the P and S wave velocities in the direction of the axis of symmetry () (in geophysics, this is usually, but... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A bimolecular elimination reaction will occur in a molecule where the breaking carbon-hydrogen bond and the leaving group are anti-periplanar (Figure 8). This geometry is preferred because it aligns σ and σ* orbitals. Figure 9 shows the σ orbital and the σ* orbital parallel to each other, allowing the σ orbital to dona... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first study reporting molecular delivery using ultrasound was a 1987 in vitro study attempting to transfer plasmid DNA to cultured mouse fibroblast cells using sonoporation. This successful plasmid DNA transfection conferring G418 antibiotic resistance ultimately led to further in vitro studies that hinted at the p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trace amounts of benzene are found in petroleum and coal. It is a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of many materials. For commercial use, until World War II, much of benzene was obtained as a by-product of coke production (or "coke-oven light oil") for the steel industry. However, in the 1950s, increased demand f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many compounds from first row of transition metal monoxides (MO), from TiO to NiO, have a rocksalt structure. The rock salt structure is generated by filling all octahedral sites with cations in an oxygen anion fcc array. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chemical structure of the herbicide is of primary affecting efficacy. 2,4-D, mecoprop, and dicamba control many broadleaf weeds but remain ineffective against turf grasses.
Chemical additives influence selectivity. Surfactants alter the physical properties of the spray solution and the overall phytotoxicity of the herb... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Acyl complexes are usually low-spin and spin-paired.
Monometallic acyl complexes adopt one of two related structures, C-bonded and η-C-O-bonded. These forms sometimes interconvert. For the purpose of electron-counting, C-bonded acyl ligands count as 1-electron ligands, akin to pseudohalides. η-Acyl ligands count as 3... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An electron microprobe (EMP), also known as an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) or electron micro probe analyzer (EMPA), is an analytical tool used to non-destructively determine the chemical composition of small volumes of solid materials. It works similarly to a scanning electron microscope: the sample is bombarde... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Levopropylhexedrine (Eventin) is an adrenergic alkylamine used as an anorectic in Germany and patented by Smith Kline & French in 1947. It has also been used in the anticonvulsant preparation barbexaclone in combination with phenobarbital to offset sedation. Levopropylhexedrine is the levorotatory S-enantiomer of propy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The United States National Chemistry Olympiad (or USNCO) is a contest held by the American Chemical Society (ACS) used to select the four-student team that represents the United States at the International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO).
Each local ACS section selects eight students (or more for larger ACS sections) to take... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pyranose and furanose forms can exist in different conformers and one can interconvert between the different conformations if an energy requirement is met. For the furanose system there are two possible conformers: twist (T) and envelope (E). In the pyranose system five conformers are possible: chair (C), boat (B), ske... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Its membership in the amphetamine class has made pseudoephedrine a sought-after chemical precursor in the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine and methcathinone. As a result of the increasing regulatory restrictions on the sale and distribution of pseudoephedrine, pharmaceutical firms have reformulated medications to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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