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The red component of color television cathode ray tubes is typically emitted from an yttria () or yttrium oxide sulfide () host lattice doped with europium (III) cation (Eu) phosphors. The red color itself is emitted from the europium while the yttrium collects energy from the electron gun and passes it to the phosphor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although there are several commercially available universal pH indicators, most are a variation of a formula patented by Yamada in 1933. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The composition of Mars covers the branch of the geology of Mars that describes the make-up of the planet Mars. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Runoff generated on cropland during storms or long winter rains concentrates in the thalweg where it can lead to rill or gully erosion.
Rills and gullies further concentrate runoff and speed up its transfer, which can worsen damage occurring downstream. This can result in a muddy flood.
In this context, a grassed w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The PACMAD clade (previously PACCMAD, PACCAD, or PACC) is one of two major lineages (or clades) of the true grasses (Poaceae), regrouping six subfamilies and about 5700 species, more than half of all true grasses. Its sister group is the BOP clade. The PACMAD lineage is the only group within the grasses in which the C ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Inverse agonists differ from regular agonists in that they effect receptors to which a regular agonist binds such that the bound receptors demonstrate reduced activity compared to when they are normally inactive. In other words, inverse antagonists limit the efficacy of the bound receptor in some way. This is noted to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In general, electric (charge) radiation or magnetic (current, magnetic moment) radiation can be classified into multipoles E (electric) or M (magnetic) of order 2, e.g., E1 for electric dipole, E2 for quadrupole, or E3 for octupole. In transitions where the change in angular momentum between the initial and final state... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When a ligand activates the G protein-coupled receptor, it induces a conformational change in the receptor that allows the receptor to function as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that exchanges GDP for GTP. The GTP (or GDP) is bound to the G subunit in the traditional view of heterotrimeric GPCR activation. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
High precision isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is another method for measuring kinetic fractionation of isotopes for natural abundance KIE measurements. Widlanski and coworkers demonstrated KIE at natural abundance measurements for the hydrolysis of sulfate monoesters. Their observation of a large KIE suggests ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The bioluminescent bacterium A. fischeri is the first organism in which QS was observed. It lives as a mutualistic symbiont in the photophore (or light-producing organ) of the Hawaiian bobtail squid. When A. fischeri cells are free-living (or planktonic), the autoinducer is at low concentration, and, thus, cells do not... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nanoelectrochemistry is a branch of electrochemistry that investigates the electrical and electrochemical properties of materials at the nanometer size regime. Nanoelectrochemistry plays significant role in the fabrication of various sensors, and devices for detecting molecules at very low concentrations. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cancer-based research into co-receptors includes the investigation of growth factor activated co-receptors, such as Transforming Growth Factor (TGF-β) co-receptors. Expression of the co-receptor endoglin, which is expressed on the surface of tumor cells, is correlated with cell plasticity and the development of tumors.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The parent compound of the phosphines is PH, called phosphine in the US and British Commonwealth, but phosphane elsewhere. Replacement of one or more hydrogen centers by an organic substituents (alkyl, aryl), gives PHR, an organophosphine, generally referred to as phosphines.
From the commercial perspective, the most i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When a dry porous medium is brought into contact with a liquid, it will absorb the liquid at a rate which decreases over time. When considering evaporation, liquid penetration will reach a limit dependent on parameters of temperature, humidity and permeability. This process is known as evaporation limited capillary pen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The community multiscale air quality model, or CMAQ, is a sophisticated three-dimensional Eulerian grid chemical transport model developed by the US EPA for studying air pollution from local to hemispheric scales. EPA and state environmental agencies use CMAQ to develop and assess implementation actions needed to atta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When placed in benzylic or allylic positions, the strength of the bond is decreased, and the reactivity of the methyl group increases. One manifestation of this enhanced reactivity is the photochemical chlorination of the methyl group in toluene to give benzyl chloride. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, the standard state of a material (pure substance, mixture or solution) is a reference point used to calculate its properties under different conditions. A degree sign (°) or a superscript Plimsoll symbol () is used to designate a thermodynamic quantity in the standard state, such as change in enthalpy (ΔH... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Surface energy is conventionally defined as the work that is required to build an area of a particular surface. Another way to view the surface energy is to relate it to the work required to cleave a bulk sample, creating two surfaces. If the new surfaces are identical, the surface energy γ of each surface is equal to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Compounds and their metabolites need to be removed from the body via excretion, usually through the kidneys (urine) or in the feces. Unless excretion is complete, accumulation of foreign substances can adversely affect normal metabolism.
There are three main sites where drug excretion occurs. The kidney is the most imp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Acarbose is a pseudotetrasaccharide mimicking maltotetraose (a substructure of starch). One of the glucose units has been replaced by valienamine - a carbasugar, linked to the next carbohydrate by an amine bridge. Another of the glucose units appears as a 6-deoxy variant. Acarbose is an enzyme inhibitor that is used as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ASL is in general a safe technique, although injuries may occur as a result of failed safety procedures or human error like other MRI techniques.
ASL, like other MRI modalities generate a fair amount of acoustic noise during the scan, so earplugs are advised. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Government agencies in China passed bans on the use of IVF in 2003 by unmarried people or by couples with certain infectious diseases.
In India, the use of IVF as a means of sex selection (preimplantation genetic diagnosis) is banned under the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994.
Sunni Muslim n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
All statins have the same pharmacophore so the difference in their pharmacodynamic effect is mostly based on the substituents. The activity of each statin is dependent on the binding affinity of the compound for the substrate site and the length of time it binds to the site. Type 2 statins have unique fluorophenyl grou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lake Chichoj is located in the municipality of San Cristóbal Verapaz, department of Alta Verapaz, in Guatemala. The catchment of lake has been designated as a Protected Area, in an attempt to protect the lake from environmental degradation. Water routing through the catchment is made complex by karstic groundwater flow... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A cosmid is a type of hybrid plasmid that contains a Lambda phage cos sequence. Often used as cloning vectors in genetic engineering, cosmids can be used to build genomic libraries. They were first described by Collins and Hohn in 1978.
Cosmids can contain 37 to 52 (normally 45) kb of DNA, limits based on the normal ba... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, transannular strain (also called Prelog strain after chemist Vladimir Prelog) is the unfavorable interactions of ring substituents on non-adjacent carbons. These interactions, called transannular interactions, arise from a lack of space in the interior of the ring, which forces substituents into c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because the hull speed is related to the length of the boat and the wavelength of the wave it produces as it moves through water, there is another formula that arrives at the same values for hull speed based on the waterline length.
where
: is the length of the waterline in meters,
: is the hull speed of the vessel in ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Inductively, the negatively charged carboxylate ion moderately repels the electrons in the bond attaching it to the ring. Thus, there is a weak electron-donating +I effect. There is an almost zero -M effect since the electron-withdrawing resonance capacity of the carbonyl group is effectively removed by the delocalisat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The human interactome is the set of protein–protein interactions (the interactome) that occur in human cells. The sequencing of reference genomes, in particular the Human Genome Project, has revolutionized human genetics, molecular biology, and clinical medicine. Genome-wide association study results have led to the as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photons hitting a thin film of alkali metal or semiconductor material such as gallium arsenide in an image intensifier tube cause the ejection of photoelectrons due to the photoelectric effect. These are accelerated by an electrostatic field where they strike a phosphor coated screen, converting the electrons back into... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The technique of vibrational analysis with scanning probe microscopy allows probing vibrational properties of materials at the submicrometer scale, and even of individual molecules. This is accomplished by integrating scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and vibrational spectroscopy (Raman scattering or/and Fourier transfor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are a variety of probes with different membrane and shaft length combinations available. The molecular weight cutoff of commercially available microdialysis probes covers a wide range of approximately 6-100kD, but also 1MD is available. While water-soluble compounds generally diffuse freely across the microdial... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Woodward–Hoffmann rules (or the pericyclic selection rules) are a set of rules devised by Robert Burns Woodward and Roald Hoffmann to rationalize or predict certain aspects of the stereochemistry and activation energy of pericyclic reactions, an important class of reactions in organic chemistry. The rules originate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An estimated 30% of agrichemical compounds contain fluorine. Most of them are used as poisons, but a few stimulate growth instead.
Sodium fluoroacetate has been used as an insecticide, but it is especially effective against mammalian pests. The name "1080" refers to the catalogue number of the poison, which became its... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
6-Phosphogluconic acid (6-phosphogluconate) is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway and the Entner–Doudoroff pathway.
It is formed by 6-phosphogluconolactonase from 6 phosphogluconolactone, and acted upon by phosphogluconate dehydrogenase to produce ribulose 5-phosphate.These two steps are the part of Pento... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Any 4-substituted pyridine, pyridine itself, 1-substituted pyrazinium ion, diazine, 1-substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole and related aromatic heterocyclics (phospholes, furan, thiophene, etc.) as well as unsubstituted or 1-substituted cyclopentadienes and 1-substituted cyclopentadienides all have the same symmetry fr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Soil chemistry is the study of the chemical characteristics of soil. Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and environmental factors. In the early 1870s a consulting chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society in England, named J. Thomas Way, performed many experiments on how soils exchange io... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although there was already a main project (magnetic mirror) at the University of California, scientist W. R. Baker began research into the pinch effect at UCRL, Berkeley in 1952. Two years later, Stirling Colgate began research on shock-heating at UCRL, Livermore. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Weisz–Prater criterion is a method used to estimate the influence of pore diffusion on reaction rates in heterogeneous catalytic reactions. If the criterion is satisfied, pore diffusion limitations are negligible. The criterion is <br />
<br />
Where is the reaction rate per volume of catalyst, is the catalyst pa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lithium plasma concentrations are known to be increased with concurrent use of diuretics—especially loop diuretics (such as furosemide) and thiazides—and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen. Lithium concentrations can also be increased with concurrent use of ACE inhibitors such as captopril... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The CSI is a graph-based technique that essentially employs an amino acid-specific digital filter to convert every assigned backbone chemical shift value into a simple three-state (-1, 0, +1) index. This approach generates a more easily understood and much more visually pleasing graph of protein chemical shift values.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Pederson process is a process of refining aluminum that first separates iron by reducing it to metal, and reacting alumina with lime to produce calcium aluminate, which is then leached with sodium hydroxide. It is more environmentally friendly than the more well-known Bayer process. This is because instead of produ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
1,4-Dioxane () is a heterocyclic organic compound, classified as an ether. It is a colorless liquid with a faint sweet odor similar to that of diethyl ether. The compound is often called simply dioxane because the other dioxane isomers (1,2- and 1,3-) are rarely encountered.
Dioxane is used as a solvent for a variety ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Corrosion in space has the highest impact on spacecraft with moving parts. Early satellites tended to develop problems with seizing bearings. Now the bearings are coated with a thin layer of gold.
Different materials resist corrosion in space differently. For example, aluminium is slowly eroded by atomic oxygen, while ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mechanism of PEP carboxylase has been well studied. The enzymatic mechanism of forming oxaloacetate is very exothermic and thereby irreversible; the biological Gibbs free energy change (△G°’) is -30kJmol. The substrates and cofactor bind in the following order: metal cofactor (either Co, Mg, or Mn), PEP, bicarbonat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrazones are the basis for various analyses of ketones and aldehydes. For example, dinitrophenylhydrazine coated onto a silica sorbent is the basis of an adsorption cartridge. The hydrazones are then eluted and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a UV detector.
The compound carbonyl cyanid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photoexcitation is the production of an excited state of a quantum system by photon absorption. The excited state originates from the interaction between a photon and the quantum system. Photons carry energy that is determined by the wavelengths of the light that carries the photons. Objects that emit light with longer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Angles are, by convention, considered to be dimensionless quantities (although the wisdom of this is contested ) . As an example, consider again the projectile problem in which a point mass is launched from the origin at a speed and angle above the x-axis, with the force of gravity directed along the negative y-axis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Atamestane (developmental code name SH-489), also known as metandroden, as well as 1-methylandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, is a steroidal aromatase inhibitor that was studied in the treatment of cancer. It blocks the production of estrogen in the body. The drug is selective, competitive, and irreversible in its inhibiti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The modifications try to account for the points mentioned in above section like surface roughness, inhomogeneity, and adsorbate–adsorbate interactions. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vertebrates were once thought to be unable to perform this cycle because there was no evidence of its two key enzymes, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. However, some research suggests that this pathway may exist in some, if not all, vertebrates.
Specifically, some studies show evidence of components of the glyox... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some examples of glow-in-the-dark materials do not glow by phosphorescence. For example, glow sticks glow due to a chemiluminescent process which is commonly mistaken for phosphorescence. In chemiluminescence, an excited state is created via a chemical reaction. The light emission tracks the kinetic progress of the und... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Closantel and triclosan are known inhibitors of quorum sensing enzymes. Closantel induces aggregation of the histidine kinase sensor in two-component signalling. The latter disrupts the synthesis of a class of signalling molecules known as N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) by blocking the enoyl-acyl carrier protein (AC... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The water gas shift reaction (CO + HO → CO + H) occurs in volcanic fluids with diverse catalysts or without catalysts. The combination of ferrous sulfide (FeS, troilite) and hydrogen sulfide () as reducing agents (both reagents are simultaneously oxidized in the reaction here under creating the disulfide bond, S–S) in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mechanism of conformational proofreading is utilized in the system of homologous recombination to discern between similar DNA sequences. Homologous recombination facilitates the exchange of genetic material between homologous DNA molecules. This crucial process requires detecting a specific homologous DNA sequence ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Martin Schröder in an inorganic chemist. He is Vice President and Dean for the Faculty of Science and Engineering and Professor of Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Manchester since June 2015. He served previously as Executive Dean of the Faculty of Science from 2011 to 2015 and Professor ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term forensic stems from the Latin word, forēnsis (3rd declension, adjective), meaning "of a forum, place of assembly". The history of the term originates in Roman times, when a criminal charge meant presenting the case before a group of public individuals in the forum. Both the person accused of the crime and the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polymerase III terminates transcription at small polyUs stretch (5-6). In eukaryotes, a hairpin loop is not required, but may enhance termination efficiency in humans. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it was found that termination of transcription occurred in the sequence T7GT6 and was progressive. The presence of transcri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As listed by ECS:
* 2023 Fred Roozeboom
* 2021 Hiroshi Iwai
* 2019 David J. Lockwood
* 2015 Yue Kuo
* 2005 Dennis Hess
* 1999 Isamu Akasaki
* 1995 Wayne L. Worrell
* 1993 Bruce E. Deal
* 1987 Alfred Y. Cho
* 1985 Jerry M. Woodall
* 1983 Nick Holonyak, Jr.
* 1981 Gerald L. Pearson
* 1979 Morton B. Panish
* 1977 Robert N... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Endocannabinoids are known to influence synaptic plasticity, and are in particular thought to mediate long-term depression (LTD, which refers to neuronal firing, not psychological depression). Short-term depression (STD) has also been described (see the next paragraph). First reported in the striatum, this system is kn... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Crystal field excitation is the electronic transition of an electron between two orbitals of an atom that is situated in a crystal field environment. They are often observed in coordination complexes of transition metals. Some examples of crystal field excitations are dd-transitions on a copper atom that is surrounded ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Wilhelmy plate tensiometer requires a plate to make contact with the liquid surface. It is widely considered the simplest and most accurate method for surface tension measurement. Due to a large wetted length of the platinum plate, the surface tension reading is typically very stable compared to alternative method... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Superconducting materials are characterized by the loss of resistance and two parameters: a critical temperature T and a critical magnetic field which brings the
superconductor to its normal state. In 1911, H. Kamerlingh Onnes discovered the superconductivity of mercury at a temperature below 4 K. Later,
other subst... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Balliol-Trinity Laboratories in Oxford, England, was an early chemistry laboratory at the University of Oxford.
The laboratory was located between Balliol College and Trinity College, hence the name. It was especially known for physical chemistry.
Chemistry was first recognized as a separate discipline at Oxford Un... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2019, the European Council requested the European Commission to develop an action plan to eliminate all non-essential uses of PFAS due to the growing evidence of adverse effects caused by exposure to these substances; the evidence for the widespread occurrence of PFAS in water, soil, articles, and waste; and the thr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Yueh-Lin (Lynn) Loo is a Malaysian-born chemical engineer and the Theodora D. 78 and William H. Walton III 74 Professor in Engineering at Princeton University, where she is also the Director of the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment. She is known for inventing nanotransfer printing. Loo was elected a Fello... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The van Oss theory separates the surface energy of solids and liquids into three components. It includes the dispersive surface energy, as before, and subdivides the polar component as being the sum of two more specific components: the surface energy due to acidic interactions () and due to basic interactions (). The a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Optical molasses is a laser cooling technique that can cool neutral atoms to as low as a few microkelvin, depending on the atomic species. An optical molasses consists of 3 pairs of counter-propagating circularly polarized laser beams intersecting in the region where the atoms are present. The main difference between o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Silt particles range in size (about 0.002–0.5 mm). Silt pores are considered a medium in size compared with the other particle groups. Silt has a texture consistency of flour. Silt particles allow water and air to pass readily, yet retain moisture for crop growth. Silty soil contains sufficient quantities of nutrients,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In biological systems, nucleic acids contain information which is used by a living cell to construct specific proteins. The sequence of nucleobases on a nucleic acid strand is translated by cell machinery into a sequence of amino acids making up a protein strand. Each group of three bases, called a codon, corresponds t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Kratky plot is typically used to analyze the conformation of proteins but can be used to analyze the random walk model of polymers. A Kratky plot can be made by plotting sin(θ/2)ΔR(θ) vs sin(θ/2) or qΔR(θ) vs q. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In United States patent law, incredible utility is a concept according to which, in order for an invention to be patentable, it must have some credible useful function. If it does not have a credible useful function despite the assertions of the inventor, then the application for patent can be rejected as having "incr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
OJSC Dolomite () forms part of the Russia metallurgical complex, being the only producer of metallurgical dolomite in the Central Black Earth economic region. The company mines 55% of the total amount of dolomite produced in Russia and 43% in CIS. It is part of the NLMK Group.
The company has explored the Dankov dolomi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The skeletal structure of an organic compound is the series of atoms bonded together that form the essential structure of the compound. The skeleton can consist of chains, branches and/or rings of bonded atoms. Skeletal atoms other than carbon or hydrogen are called heteroatoms.
The skeleton has hydrogen and/or various... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Consider a scalar quantity , where is time and is position. Here may be some physical variable such as temperature or chemical concentration. The physical quantity, whose scalar quantity is , exists in a continuum, and whose macroscopic velocity is represented by the vector field .
The (total) derivative with respec... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Not all elements which are found in the human body in trace quantities play a role in life. Some of these elements are thought to be simple common contaminants without function (examples: caesium, titanium), while many others are thought to be active toxins, depending on amount (cadmium, mercury, lead, radioactives). I... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Suppose that a plane wave (of any type) is incident on planes of lattice points, with separation , at an angle as shown in the Figure. Points A and C are on one plane, and B is on the plane below. Points ABCC' form a quadrilateral.
There will be a path difference between the ray that gets reflected along AC' and the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermal mass is effective in improving building comfort in any place that experiences these types of daily temperature fluctuations—both in winter as well as in summer.
When used well and combined with passive solar design, thermal mass can play an important role in major reductions to energy use in active heating and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pluvicto also uses Lu-177 as the radioisotope (which is a beta emitter that decays to Hf-177) but its ligand is a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted ligand as this radioligand therapy addresses metastatic prostate cancer. It was FDA approved in 2022. The difference between Lutathera and Pluvicto is show... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fluidics, or fluidic logic, is the use of a fluid to perform analog or digital operations similar to those performed with electronics.
The physical basis of fluidics is pneumatics and hydraulics, based on the theoretical foundation of fluid dynamics. The term fluidics is normally used when devices have no moving parts,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The goal of combining fluorescence and nucleic acids has been to provide a non-isotopic tag that is detectable to study DNA or RNA. This type of labeling allows scientists to study DNA or RNA in their structure, function, or formation with other nucleic acids. The first base modification for fluorescent labeling occurr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Leaving alone remote antiquity and starting with Imperial Rome, the working of bronze, inspired probably by conquered Greece, is clearly seen. There are ancient bronze doors in the Temple of Romulus in the Roman Forum; others from the baths of Caracalla are in the Lateran Basilica, which also contains four fine gilt br... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Levonorgestrel is a progestogen; that is, an agonist of the progesterone receptor (PR), the main biological target of the progestogen sex hormone progesterone. It has effects similar to those of the hormone progesterone. As a contraceptive, it works primarily by preventing ovulation and closing off the cervix to preven... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*UVR8: UV-B light reception
*Cryptochrome: blue and UV-A light reception
*Phototropin: blue and UV-A light perception (to mediate phototropism and chloroplast movement)
*Zeitlupe: blue light entrainment of the circadian clock
*Phytochrome: red and far-red light reception
All the photoreceptors listed above allow plants... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Symons Pan / Tank is a standard instrument of the UK Met Office. It is a steel container 1.83 m (6 ft) on a side and 0.61 m (2 ft) deep, sunk into the ground with an above-ground rim of 0.076 - 0.1 m (3 - 4 in.) and is painted black internally. Its evaporation rate is lower than the Class A pan and conversion fact... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are an enormous number of different ways in which a chain can be curled around in a relatively compact shape, like an unraveling ball of twine with much open space, and comparatively few ways it can be more or less stretched out. So, if each conformation has an equal probability or statistical weight, chains are ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Streak seeding is a method first described during ICCBM-3 by Enrico Stura to induce crystallization in a straight line into a sitting or hanging drop for protein crystallization by introducing microseeds. The purpose is to control nucleation and understand the parameters that make crystals grow. It is also used to test... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The sodium fusion extract is made alkaline by adding NaOH. To this mixture, freshly prepared FeSO solution is added and boiled for sometimes and then cooled. A few drops of FeCl are added and Prussian blue (bluish green) color forms due to formation of ferric ferrocyanide along with NaCl. This shows the presence of nit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microcystins covalently bond to and inhibit protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A and can thus cause pansteatitis. The ADDA residue is key to this functionality: greatly simplified synthetic analogues consisting of ADDA and one additional amino acid can show the same inhibiting function. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term plasmid was introduced in 1952 by the American molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg to refer to "any extrachromosomal hereditary determinant." The term's early usage included any bacterial genetic material that exists extrachromosomally for at least part of its replication cycle, but because that description i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The introduction of atom into a crystal of atom creates a pinning point for multiple reasons. An alloying atom is by nature a point defect, thus it must create a stress field when placed into a foreign crystallographic position, which could block the passage of a dislocation. However, it is possible that the alloying m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
First-generation TSH assays were done by radioimmunoassay and were introduced in 1965. There were variations and improvements upon TSH radioimmunoassay, but their use declined as a new immunometric assay technique became available in the middle of the 1980s. The new techniques were more accurate, leading to the second,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
He is credited with writing the following episodes:
*"Steamland Confidential" (2021)
*"Love Is Hell" (2022) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many, if not all, retinalophototrophs are photoheterotrophs: although sufficient ATP is produced by light, they cannot subsist on light and inorganic substances alone because they cannot produce needed organic materials from only . This category includes retinalophototrophs that perform anaplerotic fixation, such as a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ted Ellis and his wife are both natives of New Orleans, and much of his art along with his passion for art are inspired by the vibrant city. As a young man, he would search the colorful French Quarter for subjects to paint. In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and the devastation of parts of the city, the city's role ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A crystal is a solid material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. Crystal growth is a major stage of a crystallization process, and consists of the addition of new atoms, ions, or polymer strings into the characteristic arra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Being highly polar, imides exhibit good solubility in polar media. The N–H center for imides derived from ammonia is acidic and can participate in hydrogen bonding. Unlike the structurally related acid anhydrides, they resist hydrolysis and some can even be recrystallized from boiling water. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
mTOR is the catalytic subunit of two structurally distinct complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. The two complexes localize to different subcellular compartments, thus affecting their activation and function. Upon activation by Rheb, mTORC1 localizes to the Ragulator-Rag complex on the lysosome surface where it then becomes ac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pipes can come in many different cross-sectional shapes (rectangular, square, bread-loaf-shaped, oval, inverted pear-shaped, egg shaped, and most commonly, circular). Drainage systems may have many different features including waterfalls, stairways, balconies and pits for catching rubbish, sometimes called Gross Pollut... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From the formation of the Roman Empire, Rome was an almost completely closed economy, not reliant on imports although exotic goods from India and China (such as gems, silk and spices) were highly prized (Shepard 1993). Through the recovery of Roman coins and ingots throughout the ancient world (Hughes 1980), metallurg... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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