text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
For the flux density received from a remote unresolvable "point source", the measuring instrument, usually telescopic, though not able to resolve any detail of the source itself, must be able to optically resolve enough details of the sky around the point source, so as to record radiation coming from it only, uncontami... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The alkynylation reaction of aryl halides using aromatic acetylenes was reported in 1975 in three independent contributions by Cassar, Dieck and Heck as well as Sonogashira, Tohda and Hagihara. All of the reactions employ palladium catalysts to afford the same reaction products. However, the protocols of Cassar and Hec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first commercial primary-lead ISASMELT furnace was installed at the Yunnan Chihong Zinc and Germanium Company Limited (YCZG) greenfield zinc and lead smelting complex at Qujing in Yunnan Province in China. This furnace was part of a plant consisting of the ISASMELT furnace and a blast furnace specially designed to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tetrakis(pyridine)silver(II) peroxydisulfate is a chemical compound which contains silver in the rare oxidation state of +2. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* The Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences is named after him since 1953;
* In 1961, a postage stamp was issued in honor of N. D. Zelinsky in the USSR;
* One of the Moscow streets is named after him, as well as streets in the cities of Voskresensk (Moscow region), Tiraspol, Chisinau, T... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tramadol and desmetramadol may be quantified in blood, plasma, serum, or saliva to monitor for abuse, confirm a diagnosis of poisoning or assist in the forensic investigation of a sudden death. Most commercial opiate immunoassay screening tests do not cross-react significantly with tramadol or its major metabolites, so... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It has been reported that mammalian glycosylation can improve the therapeutic efficacy of biotherapeutics. For example, therapeutic efficacy of recombinant human interferon gamma, expressed in HEK 293 platform, was improved against drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Blowout panels, also called blow-off panels, areas with intentionally weakened structure, are used in enclosures, buildings or vehicles where a sudden overpressure may occur. By failing in a predictable manner, they channel the overpressure or pressure wave in the direction where it causes controlled, directed minimal ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Title 15, Chapter 8, Section 291 of the United States Code makes it unlawful to stamp goods in the United States with "United States assay" or any similar stamp which gives the impression that the item has been officially assayed by the United States government. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Flotation is used for the purification of potassium chloride from sodium chloride and clay minerals. The crushed mineral is suspended in brine in the presence of fatty ammonium salts. Because the ammonium head group and K have very similar ionic radii (ca. 0.135, 0.143 nm respectively), the ammonium centers exchange fo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The LDR is being studied as a byproduct of a concept using a fluid stream for momentum transfer between an approaching spacecraft and another spacecraft, station or Moon base. This method could reduce spacecraft mass while increasing space flight efficiency.
A Liquid Sheet Radiator (LRS), adapted for planetary surfaces... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Bradford assay is a colorimetric assay that measures protein concentration. The reagent Coomassie brilliant blue turns blue when it binds to arginine and aromatic amino acids present in proteins, thus increasing the absorbance of the sample. The absorbance is measured using a spectrophotometer, at the maximum absor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An organoid is a miniaturised and simplified version of an organ produced in vitro in three dimensions that mimics the key functional, structural and biological complexity of that organ. They are derived from one or a few cells from a tissue, embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells, which can self-organi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Free triiodothyronine (fT or free T3) is generally elevated in hyperthyroidism and decreased in hypothyroidism.
Reference ranges depend on the method of analysis. Results should always be interpreted using the range from the laboratory that performed the test. Example values are: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prior to entering politics, Jones was a high pressure liquid chromatographer. She worked at the Washington University School of Medicine and KV Pharmaceutical before becoming a sales director with Mary Kay. In April 2015, Jones was the first African-American elected to the Ferguson City Council, where she represented t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The process of selecting appropriate deep final repositories for high-level waste and spent fuel is now underway in several countries with the first expected to be commissioned sometime after 2010. The basic concept is to locate a large, stable geologic formation and use mining technology to excavate a tunnel, or large... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
** George Paget Thomson of Imperial College, London designs the toroidal solenoid, a simple fusion device. With Moses Blackman, he further develops the concept and files for a patent. This becomes the first fusion device to receive a patent. Repeated attempts to get development funding fail.
** A meeting at Harwell on ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The atmospheric properties of exoplanets are of particular importance, as atmospheres provide the most likely observables for the near future, including habitability indicators and biosignatures. Over billions of years, the processes of life on a planet would result in a mixture of chemicals unlike anything that could ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The liver is the second largest organ (after the skin) and is an accessory digestive gland which plays a role in the body's metabolism. The liver has many functions some of which are important to digestion. The liver can detoxify various metabolites; synthesise proteins and produce biochemicals needed for digestion. It... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One may derive the Taylor equation using method of averages, first introduced by Aris. The result can also be derived from large-time asymptotics, which is more intuitively clear. In the dimensional coordinate system , consider the fully-developed Poiseuille flow flowing inside a pipe of radius , where is the average... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Elimination, bimolecular reactions are one step, concerted reaction where both base and substrate participate in the rate limiting step. In an E2 mechanism, a base takes a proton near the leaving group, forcing the electrons down to make a double bond, and forcing off the leaving group-all in one concerted step. The r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ACME are not common among antibiotic sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). The elements for the most prominent MRSA ACME appear to have assembled recently in S. epidermidis into the speG-positive ACME which was transferred to virulent S. aureus during the evolution of the epidemic USA300 MRSA strain. This broadened the ability... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For polyatomic molecules, progressions are most often observed when the change in bond lengths upon electronic excitation coincides with the change due to a ″totally symmetric″ vibration. This is the same process that occurs in resonance Raman spectroscopy. For example, in formaldehyde (methanal), HCO, the n → π* trans... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The inversion of ligand fields has interesting implications on the nature of reactivity of organometallic complexes. This sigma non-innocence of ligands arising from inverted ligand fields could therefore be used to tune reactivity of complexes and open space in understanding the mechanisms of existing reactions.
In an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This disorder occurs through a mutation in the SPR gene, which is responsible for encoding the sepiapterin reductase enzyme. The enzyme is involved in the last step of producing tetrahydrobiopterin, better known as BH. BH is involved in the processing of amino acids and the production of neurotransmitters, specifically... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Streptamer staining principle combines the classic method of T cell isolation by MHC-multimers with the Strep-tag/Strep-Tactin technology. The Strep-tag is a short peptide sequence that displays moderate binding affinity for the biotin-binding site of a mutated streptavidin molecule, called Strep-Tactin. For the St... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although generally considered less-than-lethal when properly used (targets should exclude the face, eyes, throat or spine), one death has occurred when they have been fired at inappropriate areas. In one well-publicized incident in 2004, the Boston Police Department's use of an FN 303 during a crowd control situation r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Type S (90%Pt/10%Rh–Pt, by weight) thermocouples, similar to type R, are used up to 1600 °C. Before the introduction of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90), precision type-S thermocouples were used as the practical standard thermometers for the range of 630 °C to 1064 °C, based on an interpolation betw... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biofluid dynamics may be considered as the discipline of biological engineering or biomedical engineering in which the fundamental principles of fluid dynamics are used to explain the mechanisms of biological flows and their interrelationships with physiological processes, in health and in diseases/disorder. It can be ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photobromination with elemental bromine proceeds analogous to photochlorination also via a radical mechanism. In the presence of oxygen, the hydrogen bromide formed is partly oxidised back to bromine, resulting in an increased yield. Because of the easier dosage of the elemental bromine and the higher selectivity of th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Extracellular binding of cytokines or growth factors induce activation of receptor-associated Janus kinases, which phosphorylate a specific tyrosine residue within the STAT protein promoting dimerization via their SH2 domains. The phosphorylated dimer is then actively transported to the nucleus via an importin α/β tern... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Following a suggestion by Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Mulder used the term protein in his 1838 paper, "On the composition of some animal substances" (originally in French but translated in 1839 to German). In the same publication, he also proposed that animals draw most of their protein from plants.
Mulder "was the first to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The School of Chemistry (now School of Chemical Sciences) established in 1972, is one of the Schools of Devi Ahilya University Indore. The School was founded with the services of Prof. W. V. Bhagwat, along with Later Prof. M. B. Antia, Late Prof. R. Kaushal and Prof. S. G. Harmalkar. Subsequently, many members became t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Like other crown ethers, 12-crown-4 complexes with alkali metal cations. The cavity diameter of 1.2-1.5 Å gives it a high selectivity towards the lithium cation (ionic diameter 1.36 Å)
Its point group is S. The dipole moment of 12-crown-4 varies with solvent and temperature. At 25 °C, the dipole moment of 12-crown-4 wa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alpha-emitting radionuclides are presently being used in three different ways to eradicate cancerous tumors: as an infusible radioactive treatment targeted to specific tissues (Radium-223), as a source of radiation inserted directly into solid tumors (Radium-224), and as an attachment to an tumor-targeting molecule, su... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acidic solutions of fluoride (including hydrofluoric acid) can be determined by a simple thermometric titration with boric acid.
: B(OH) + 3F + 3H ↔ BF + 3HO
The titration plot illustrated in Figure 19 shows that the endpoint is quite rounded, suggesting that the reaction might not proceed to stoichiometric equilibrium... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Extended aeration package plants use separate basins for aeration and settling, and are somewhat larger than SBR plants with reduced timing sensitivity. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Following his completion of his PhD, Schoell began working for the German Geological Survey focusing on hyper saline hydrothermal vents in the Red Sea. From 1984 to 2001, Schoell worked for Chevron Oil Field Research Company in La Habra. During this time, he published his most cited paper, "Biogenic methane formation i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy is a form of laser absorption spectroscopy. In CRDS, a laser pulse is trapped in a highly reflective (typically R > 99.9%) detection cavity. The intensity of the trapped pulse will decrease by a fixed percentage during each round trip within the cell due to absorption, scattering by the m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Exogenous antigens are antigens that have entered the body from the outside, for example, by inhalation, ingestion or injection. The immune system's response to exogenous antigens is often subclinical. By endocytosis or phagocytosis, exogenous antigens are taken into the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and processed in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In Earth science, a geochemical cycle is the pathway that chemical elements take in the surface and crust of the Earth. The term "geochemical" tells us that geological and chemical factors are all included. The migration of heated and compressed chemical elements and compounds such as silicon, aluminium, and general al... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anti-SSA autoantibodies (anti–Sjögrens-syndrome-related antigen A autoantibodies, also called anti-Ro, or similar names including anti-SSA/Ro, anti-Ro/SSA, anti–SS-A/Ro, and anti-Ro/SS-A) are a type of anti-nuclear autoantibodies that are associated with many autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (S... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phase inversion membranes are typically characterized by their mean pore diameter and pore diameter distribution. This can be measured using a number of established analytical techniques such as the analysis of gas adsorption-desorption isotherms, porosimetry, or more niche approaches such as Evapoporometry. A Scanning... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NAIL-MS is used to study RNA modification mechanisms. Therefore, cells in culture are first fed with stable isotope labeled nutrients and the cells incorporate these into their biomolecules. After purification of the nucleic acids, most often RNA, analysis is done by mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry is an analytica... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Salinosporamide A (Marizomib) is a potent proteasome inhibitor being studied as a potential anticancer agent. It entered phase I human clinical trials for the treatment of multiple myeloma, only three years after its discovery in 2003. This marine natural product is produced by the obligate marine bacteria Salinispora... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As stated above, BGIT can be used to calculate heats of formation, which are important in understanding the strengths of bonds and entire molecules. Furthermore, the method can be used to quickly estimate whether a reaction is endothermic or exothermic. These values are for gas-phase thermodynamics and typically at 29... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wavy single bonds are the standard way to represent unknown or unspecified stereochemistry or a mixture of isomers (as with tetrahedral stereocenters). A crossed double-bond has been used sometimes; it is no longer considered an acceptable style for general use by IUPAC but may still be required by computer software. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bacteria are often viewed as the main consumers of DOC, but they can also produce DOC during cell division and viral lysis. The biochemical components of bacteria are largely the same as other organisms, but some compounds from the cell wall are unique and are used to trace bacterial derived DOC (e.g., peptidoglycan). ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several mathematical models of chemotaxis were developed depending on the type of
* Migration (e.g., basic differences of bacterial swimming, movement of unicellular eukaryotes with cilia/flagellum and amoeboid migration)
* Physico-chemical characteristics of the chemicals (e.g., diffusion) working as ligands
* Biologi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2013, Diebold was the sole recipient of Austrias highest research award across all disciplines, the Wittgenstein Award. The award, which comes with substantial unrestricted research funds, is bestowed in support of the notion that scientists should be guaranteed the greatest possible freedom and flexibility in the p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The sulfur colloid of Tc is scavenged by the spleen, making it possible to image the structure of the spleen. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There is evidence that use during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby. Teratogenic and embryotoxic effects were shown on four animal species. In one case report, a 6-month old infant developed benign bright blue discolouration of the cornea after treatment with favipiravir which resolved after treatment cessation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In dilatational interfacial rheology, the size of the interface is changing over time. The change in the surface stress or surface tension of the interface is being measured during this deformation. Based on the response, interfacial viscoelasticity is calculated according to well established theories:
where
* |E| is t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A solution that shows greater positive deviation from Raoults law forms a minimum boiling azeotrope at a specific composition. In general, a positive azeotrope boils at a lower temperature than any other ratio of its constituents. Positive azeotropes are also called minimum boiling mixtures or pressure maximum azeotrop... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The heat collected from this process generates steam, which can be used in a conventional steam turbine system to make electricity. In contrast to the low-temperature solar thermal systems that are used for air or water heating in domestic or commercial buildings, these solar thermal electricity plants operate at high ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*[http://www.efunda.com/ Diffusion Treatment Hardening]. eFunda. Retrieved 19 April 2008.
*[http://steel.keytometals.com Surface Hardening of Steels]. Key to Metals. Retrieved 19 April 2008. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bluing is a technique that can provide limited resistance to rusting for small steel items, such as firearms; for it to be successful, a water-displacing oil is rubbed onto the blued steel and other steel . | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Devolatilizers for polymer melts are classified as static or moving, also called "still" and "rotating" in the literature. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In FRAP, a region is briefly exposed to intense light, irrecoverably photobleaching fluorophores, and the fluorescence recovery due to diffusion of nearby (non-bleached) fluorophores is imaged. A primary advantage of FRAP over FCS is the ease of interpreting qualitative experiments common in cell biology. Differences b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When a rock melts to form a liquid, the liquid is known as a primary melt. Primary melts have not undergone any differentiation and represent the starting composition of a magma. In nature, primary melts are rarely seen. Some leucosomes of migmatites are examples of primary melts. Primary melts derived from the mantle ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Taxol resulted from the tail addition of the Ojima lactam to alcohol 51, which is baccatin III (the original target molecule of the Danishefsky synthesis). Alcohol 51 was derived from the allylic oxidation of α-acylketone 49. Compound 49 was ultimately derived from the Heck reaction of enol triflate 38, which was use... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* To promote and support the chemical engineering and chemical technology profession.
* To promote and support the educational standard of chemical engineering and chemical technology.
* To encourage cooperation and industrial development including research and knowledge.
* To disseminate knowledge and consulting in ch... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tracers are also used extensively in oceanography to study a wide array of processes. The isotopes used are typically naturally occurring with well-established sources and rates of formation and decay. However, anthropogenic isotopes may also be used with great success. The researchers measure the isotopic ratios at di... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jung et al. also describe a molecular mechanism for fibrinogen displacement involving pH cycling. Here the αC domains of fibrinogen change charge after pH cycling which results in conformational changes to the protein that leads to stronger interactions with the protein and the biomaterial. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In molecular geometry, bond length or bond distance is defined as the average distance between nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule. It is a transferable property of a bond between atoms of fixed types, relatively independent of the rest of the molecule. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Especially in proteins, electron transfer often involves hopping of an electron from one redox-active center to another. The hopping pathway, which is viewed as a vector, guides and facilitates ET within an insulating matrix. Typical redox centers are iron-sulfur clusters, e.g. the 4Fe-4S ferredoxins. These site are of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
What is the amount of ? The number of ionization depends upon the probability that an electron hits a gas molecule. This probability is the relation of the cross-sectional area of a collision between electron and ion in relation to the overall area that is available for the electron to fly through:
As expressed by ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The involvement of miRNAs in diseases has led scientists to become more interested in the role of additional protein complexes, like microprocessor, that have the ability to influence or modulate the function and expression of miRNAs. Microprocessor complex component, DGCR8, is affected through the micro-deletion of 22... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Covalent organic frameworks are crystalline porous polymers assembled from organic monomers linked through covalent bonds. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The synthesis of ionic carbonyl complexes is possible by oxidation or reduction of the neutral complexes. Anionic metal carbonylates can be obtained for example by reduction of dinuclear complexes with sodium. A familiar example is the sodium salt of iron tetracarbonylate (NaFe(CO), Collmans reagent'), which is used in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A typical optical transfection protocol is as follows:
1) Build an optical tweezers system with a high NA objective
2) Culture cells to 50-60% confluency
3) Expose cells to at least 10 µg/ml of plasmid DNA
4) Dose the plasma membrane of each cell with 10-40 ms of focussed laser, at a power of <100 mW at focus
5) Observ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Filter paper is a semi-permeable paper barrier placed perpendicular to a liquid or air flow. It is used to separate fine solid particles from liquids or gases.
The raw materials are typically different paper pulps. The pulp may be made from softwood, hardwood, fiber crops, or mineral fibers. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Swamy and Jurjees (1986) have pointed out the limitations of sulfur concrete. They questioned the stability and the long-term durability of sulfur concrete beams with steel reinforcement, especially for sulfur concrete modified with dicyclopentadiene and dipentene. Even when dry, modified concrete beams show strength l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Typically the presence of an amine functional group is deduced by a combination of techniques, including mass spectrometry as well as NMR and IR spectroscopies. H NMR signals for amines disappear upon treatment of the sample with DO. In their infrared spectrum primary amines exhibit two N-H bands, whereas secondary am... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Merrilactone A occurs naturally in Illicium merrillianum, a plant indigenous to southern China and Myanmar. The genus Illicium belongs to the family Illiciaceae and is an evergreen shrub or tree. Approximately 40 species are disjunctively distributed in eastern North America, Mexico, the West Indies, and eastern Asia. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As early as 1976 a short-term, relatively small, dead zone off the coasts of New York and New Jersey cost commercial and recreational fisheries over $500 million. In 1998 a HAB in Hong Kong killed over $10 million in high-value fish.
In 2009, the economic impact for the state of Washington's coastal counties dependent ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
They are often prepared by reaction of the acid or the ester with halogen:
A related method is the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky halogenation.
Amino acids are susceptible to diazotization in the presence of chloride, a process that affords chiral 2-chloro carboxylic acids and esters. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are around 94 naturally occurring elements on earth. The atoms of each element have a nucleus containing a specific number of protons (always the same number for a given element), and some number of neutrons, which is often roughly a similar number. Two atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Static fatigue tests can estimate a material’s lifetime and hardness to different environments. However, measuring a static fatigue limit can take a long time, and it is hard to measure a material’s true static fatigue limit with full certainty. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hysteresis, in this case, refers to the restructuring of the adhesive interface over some period of time, with the result being that the work needed to separate two surfaces is greater than the work that was gained by bringing them together (W > γ + γ). For the most part, this is a phenomenon associated with diffusive ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In this type of substitution reaction, one group of the substrate participates initially in the reaction and thereby affects the reaction. Due to NGP, the reaction rate gets increased by many folds.
A classic example of NGP is the reaction of a sulfur or nitrogen mustard with a nucleophile, the rate of reaction is muc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since an axon can be unmyelinated or myelinated, the action potential has two methods to travel down the axon. These methods are referred to as continuous conduction for unmyelinated axons, and saltatory conduction for myelinated axons. Saltatory conduction is defined as an action potential moving in discrete jumps do... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aside from bioreduction, biosorption, bioaccumulation and biomineralization, which are bacterial strategies for natural attenuation of radioactive contamination, there are also human methods that increase the efficiency or speed of microbial processes. This accelerated natural attenuation involves an intervention in th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Below are listed some symbols of chemical apparatus and equipment normally used in a P&ID, according to ISO 10628 and ISO 14617. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The concept of magic numbers in the field of chemistry refers to a specific property (such as stability) for only certain representatives among a distribution of structures. It was first recognized by inspecting the intensity of mass-spectrometric signals of rare gas cluster ions. Then, the same effect was observed wit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As well as circulating coins, where they are generally restricted to high-denomination coins, bi-metallic coins are often used in commemorative issues, often made of precious metals. For example, the only bi-metallic coin issued by the United States is the $10 Library of Congress commemorative, made of a gold ring arou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermal inductance refers to the phenomenon wherein a thermal change of an object surrounded by a fluid will induce a change in convection currents within that fluid, thus inducing a change in the kinetic energy of the fluid. It is considered the thermal analogue to electrical inductance in system equivalence modeling;... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anisomycin, also known as flagecidin, is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseolus which inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis. Partial inhibition of DNA synthesis occurs at anisomycin concentrations that effect 95% inhibition of protein synthesis. Anisomycin can activate stress-activated protein kinases, MAP ki... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the case of a non-circular cross-section of a pipe, the same formula can be used to find the entry length with a little modification. A new parameter “hydraulic diameter” relates the flow in non-circular pipe to that of circular pipe flow. This is valid as long as the cross-sectional area shape is not too exaggerate... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From 2000 to 2010, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) researched potential extensions to LIBS technology, which focused on hazardous material detection. Applications investigated at ARL included the standoff detection of explosive residues and other hazardous materials, plastic landmine discrimination, and materia... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Milky seas (Somali: Kaluunka iftiima; English: Milky seas), also called mareel, is a luminous phenomenon in the ocean in which large areas of seawater (up to ) appear to glow translucently (in varying shades of blue). Such occurrences glow brightly enough at night to be visible from satellites orbiting Earth.
Mariners ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The model proposed by Roberto Germano and his collaborators, who have first observed the effect is based on the known concept of the exclusion zone.
The first observations of a different behaviour of water molecules close to the walls of its container date back to late ‘60s and early ‘70s, when Drost-Hansen, upon revi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In analytical chemistry, potentiometric titration is a technique similar to direct titration of a redox reaction. It is a useful means of characterizing an acid. No indicator is used; instead the electric potential is measured across the analyte, typically an electrolyte solution. To do this, two electrodes are used, a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zeldovich–Taylor flow (also known as Zeldovich–Taylor expansion wave) is the fluid motion of gaseous detonation products behind Chapman–Jouguet detonation wave. The flow was described independently by Yakov Zeldovich in 1942 and G. I. Taylor in 1950, although G. I. Taylor carried out the work in 1941 that being circula... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the history of food, ancient fermented food processes, such as making bread, wine, cheese, curds, idli, dosa, etc., can be dated to more than seven thousand years ago. They were developed long before humanity had any knowledge of the existence of the microorganisms involved. Some foods such as Marmite are the byprod... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Elly Agallidis was born in 1914 to a middle class family of Athens; she was the first child of Ioannis Agallidis and Maria-Edith Agallidis (née Zannou). She graduated with a degree in Physics from the University of Athens in 1934 and continued with postgraduate studies in the Physical Chemistry Laboratory of the Univer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zinc is present in almost 3,000 human proteins, and thus is essential for nearly all cellular functions. Zn is also a key constituent of enzymes involved in cell regulation. Consistent with its ubiquitous presence, total cellular Zn concentrations are typically very high (~200 μM), while the concentrations of free Zn i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Réaumur, a French chemist, made early attempts to produce polycrystalline materials from glass, demonstrating that if glass bottles were packed into a mixture of sand and gypsum, and subjected to red heat for several days, the glass bottles turned opaque and porcelain-like. Although Réaumur was successful in the conver... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In thermodynamics, the compressibility factor (Z), also known as the compression factor or the gas deviation factor, describes the deviation of a real gas from ideal gas behaviour. It is simply defined as the ratio of the molar volume of a gas to the molar volume of an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure. I... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
More recently Yamago et al. reported stibine-mediated polymerization, using an organostibine transfer agent with the general structure Z(Z')-Sb-R (where Z= activating group and R= free radical leaving group). A wide range of monomers (styrenics, (meth)acrylics and vinylics) can be controlled, giving narrow molecular we... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.