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Macromolecular structures can be determined from protein crystal using a variety of methods, including X-Ray Diffraction/X-ray crystallography, Cryogenic Electron Microscopy (CryoEM) (including Electron Crystallography and Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (MicroED)), Small-angle X-ray scattering, and Neutron diffracti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Red mud, now more frequently termed bauxite residue, is an industrial waste generated during the processing of bauxite into alumina using the Bayer process. It is composed of various oxide compounds, including the iron oxides which give its red colour. Over 95% of the alumina produced globally is through the Bayer proc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Euler equations in a rotating frame of reference, rotating with an angular velocity is given by
where is the Levi-Civita symbol, is the centrifugal acceleration and is the Coriolis acceleration. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Eötvös rule, named after the Hungarian physicist Loránd (Roland) Eötvös (1848–1919) enables the prediction of the surface tension of an arbitrary liquid pure substance at all temperatures. The density, molar mass and the critical temperature of the liquid have to be known. At the critical point the surface tension ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The waste product was allowed to cool in the hearth and removed as a "mosser". In the Furness district they were often left as the capstone of a wall, particularly near Spark Bridge and Nibthwaite forges. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Peptide computing is a form of computing which uses peptides, instead of traditional electronic components. The basis of this computational model is the affinity of antibodies towards peptide sequences. Similar to DNA computing, the parallel interactions of peptide sequences and antibodies have been used by this model ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biological systems, phosphorus can be found as free phosphate anions in solution (inorganic phosphate) or bound to organic molecules as various organophosphates.
Inorganic phosphate is generally denoted P and at physiological (homeostatic) pH primarily consists of a mixture of and ions. At a neutral pH, as in the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When the pipe surfaces roughness height is significant (typically at high Reynolds number), the friction factor departs from the smooth pipe curve, ultimately approaching an asymptotic value ("rough pipe" regime). In this regime, the resistance to flow varies according to the square of the mean flow velocity and is in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One important consideration deriving from Kirkendall's work is the presence of pores formed during diffusion. These voids act as sinks for vacancies, and when enough accumulate they can become substantial and expand in an attempt to restore equilibrium. Porosity occurs due to the difference in diffusion rate of the two... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) acts primarily, if not exclusively, to hydrolyze leukotriene A4 (LTA4, i.e. 5S,6S-oxido-7E,9E,11Z,14Z-eicosatetetraenoic acid; IUPAC name 4-<nowiki/>{(2S,3S)-3-[(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)-1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraen-1-yl]-2-oxiranyl}butanoic acid) to its diol metabolite, leukotriene B4 (LTB4, i.e. 5S,1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While the JamesonCell continued to expand in base metals concentrate cleaning, SX–EW electrolyte cleaning and coal fines recovery applications, it also found new applications in cleaning potash slimes and was adopted by the Philex Mining Corporation as the sole flotation machine for its Benguet copper concentrator. Thi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Passive transport is a type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes. Instead of using cellular energy, like active transport, passive transport relies on the second law of thermodynamics to drive the movement of substances across cell membranes. Fundamentally, substan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is uncertain whether the use of mechanical closure of the cervical canal following embryo transfer has any effect.
There is considerable evidence that prolonges bed rest (more than 20 minutes) after embryo transfer is associated with reduced chances of clinical pregnancy.
Using hyaluronic acid as an adherence medium... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tre recombinase is an experimental enzyme that in lab tests has removed DNA inserted by HIV from infected cells. Through selective mutation, Cre recombinase which recognizes loxP sites are modified to identify HIV long terminal repeats (loxLTR) instead. As a result, instead of performing Cre-Lox recombination, the new ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases and the fluid pressu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Chevalier of the Ordre national de la Légion d'Honneur
*Chevalier of the Ordre National du Mérite
*Officier of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chloroplasts are considered endosymbiotic Cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are sometimes called blue-green algae even though they are prokaryotes. They are a diverse phylum of gram-negative bacteria capable of carrying out photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria also contain a peptidoglycan cell wall, which is thicker than in other ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Inverse geometry spectrometers at spallation sources include IRIS and OSIRIS at the ISIS neutron source at Rutherford-Appleton, BASIS at the Spallation Neutron Source, and MARS at the Paul Scherrer Institute | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As an example of the usefulness of the first approach, suppose we wish to calculate the distance a cannonball travels when fired with a vertical velocity component and a horizontal velocity component , assuming it is fired on a flat surface. Assuming no use of directed lengths, the quantities of interest are then , th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The PMCA technology has been used by several groups to understand the molecular mechanism of prion replication, the nature of the infectious agent, the phenomenon of prion strains and species barrier, the effect of cellular components, to detect PrP in tissues and biological fluids and to screen for inhibitors against ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Order strengthening brought about from the interaction of dislocations with ordered precipitates, forming anti-phase boundaries as dislocations move throughout the crystal, can lead to significant increases in strength and creep resistance. For this reason, order strengthening is often exploited for high-temperature cr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The molecule has two electrophilic sites, the carbon and the S(VI) center.
CSI has been employed for the preparation of β-lactams, some of which are medicinally important. Thus, alkenes undergo a -cycloaddition to give the sulfonamide. The SOCl group can be removed simply by hydrolysis, leaving the secondary amide.
Ot... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transcriptional gene regulation process depends on many spatial and temporal factors in the nucleus such as global or local chromatin states, nucleosome positioning, TF binding, enhancer/promoter activities. Variant that alter the function of any of these biological processes may alter the gene regulation and cause phe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Katherine Austin Lathrop (1915 – 2005) was an American nuclear medicine researcher, biochemist and member of the Manhattan Project.
Lathrop conducted pioneer work on the effects of radiation exposure on animals and humans. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One consequence of geometric strain on both the boron and the porphyrin moieties is unique reactivity. The Brothers group was able to demonstrate reductive coupling, wherein two BX units inside the porphyrin pocket become X-B-B-X, only occurs with X=Br and when the substrates are within the porphyrin pocket. DFT calcul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Mammalian Promoter Database (MPromDb) is a curated database of gene promoters identified from ChIP-seq. The proximal promoter region (upstream of the core-promoter region) contains the cis-regulatory elements of most of the transcription factors (TFs).
Recently, a better approach to annotate active promoters has be... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a chain termination step, the active center disappears, resulting in the termination of chain propagation. This is different from chain transfer in which the active center only shifts to another molecule but does not disappear.
For radical polymerization, termination involves a reaction of two growing polymer chains... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Due to its reliance on the ability of the fluid or gas to displace the float, graduations on a given rotameter will only be accurate for a given substance at a given temperature. The main property of importance is the density of the fluid; however, viscosity may also be significant. Floats are ideally designed to be... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Very small amount of carbon is sufficient to stabilize "ScBC". This compound has a broad composition range, namely ScBC with x ≤ 2.2 and y ≤ 0.44. ScBC has a hexagonal crystal structure with space group P6mmm (No. 199) and lattice constants a, b = 1.45501(15) nm and c = 0.84543(16) nm.
There are 19 atomic sites in the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cell types differentiated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are being evaluated as preclinical in vitro models of Human diseases. Human cell types in a dish provide an alternative to traditional preclinical assays using animal, human immortalized cells or primary cultures from biopsies, which have their limitations. C... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Broaching is a machining operation used to cut keyways into shafts. Electron beam machining (EBM) is a machining process where high-velocity electrons are directed toward a work piece, creating heat and vaporizing the material. Ultrasonic machining uses ultrasonic vibrations to machine very hard or brittle materials. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An initial estimate of the toxicity of CYN in 1985 was that an at 24 hours was 64±5 mg of freeze-dried culture/kg of mouse body weight on intraperitoneal injection. A further experiment in 1997 measured the LD as 52 mg/kg at 24 hours and 32 mg/kg at 7 days, however the data suggested that another toxic compound was pr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, a non-covalent interaction differs from a covalent bond in that it does not involve the sharing of electrons, but rather involves more dispersed variations of electromagnetic interactions between molecules or within a molecule. The chemical energy released in the formation of non-covalent interactions is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A single pit in a critical point can cause a great deal of damage. One example is the explosion in Guadalajara, Mexico on 22 April 1992, when gasoline fumes accumulated in sewers destroyed kilometers of streets. The vapors originated from a leak of gasoline through a single hole formed by corrosion between a steel gaso... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ladles can be "lip pour" design, "teapot spout" design, "lip-axis design" or "bottom pour" design:
*For lip pour design the ladle is tilted and the molten metal pours out of the ladle like water from a pitcher.
*The teapot spout design, like a teapot, takes liquid from the base of the ladle and pours it out via a lip-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Precious metal refining is the separation of precious metals from noble-metalliferous materials. Examples of these materials include used catalysts, electronic assemblies, ores or metal alloys. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, commonly referred to by chemists as the Red Book, is a collection of recommendations on IUPAC nomenclature, published at irregular intervals by the IUPAC. The last full edition was published in 2005, in both paper and electronic versions. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hardy has a considerable number of publications and patents under her name and in collaboration with other scientists.
* The Introduction of Substituted Vinyl Groups. V. A Rearrangement Involving the Migration of an Allyl Group in a Three-Carbon System. Arthur C. Cope and Elizabeth M. Hardy. Publication date: February ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phycobilisomes are protein complexes (up to 600 polypeptides) anchored to thylakoid membranes. They are made of stacks of chromophorylated proteins, the phycobiliproteins, and their associated linker polypeptides. Each phycobilisome consists of a core made of allophycocyanin, from which several outwardly oriented rods ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It may be used in generic labels and store brands, Benylin DM, Mucinex DM, Camydex-20 tablets, Robitussin, NyQuil, Dimetapp, Vicks, Coricidin, Delsym, TheraFlu, Charcoal D, Cinfatós and others. It has been used in counterfeit medications. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In polymer science, the side chain of an oligomeric or polymeric offshoot extends from the backbone chain of a polymer. Side chains have noteworthy influence on a polymer's properties, mainly its crystallinity and density. An oligomeric branch may be termed a short-chain branch, and a polymeric branch may be termed a l... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Laplace pressure is the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of a curved surface that forms the boundary between two fluid regions. The pressure difference is caused by the surface tension of the interface between liquid and gas, or between two immiscible liquids.
The Laplace pressure is determine... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Managing populations based on minimizing mean kinship values is often an effective way to increase genetic diversity and to avoid inbreeding within captive populations. Kinship is the probability that two alleles will be identical by descent when one allele is taken randomly from each mating individual. The mean kins... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Note that the B shot which begins the Schilling test is enough to go a considerable way toward treating B deficiency, so the test is also a partial treatment for B deficiency. Also, the classic Schilling test can be performed at any time, even after full B repletion and correction of the anemia, and it will still show ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most widely described RNA modification in mammalian viruses is mA, which was first identified in Influenza virus mRNAs, in 1976. The epitranscriptomic analysis of viral transcripts has revealed that mA levels in viral and cellular transcripts are similar. Nevertheless, in some viruses such as adenovirus-2, mA level... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A xenobiotic-sensing receptor is a receptor that binds xenobiotics. They include the following nuclear receptors:
* Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR)
* Pregnane X receptor (PXR)
CAR and PXR are xenobiotic receptors and they both are members of NR1I nuclear receptor family. The regulate the metabolic pathway for th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Peters four-step chemistry is a systematically reduced mechanism for methane combustion, named after Norbert Peters, who derived it in 1985. The mechanism reads as
The mechanism predicted four different regimes where each reaction takes place. The third reaction, known as radical consumption layer, where most of the he... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A recent study based on molecular simulations and compliance constants describes molecular recognition as a phenomenon of organisation. Even for small molecules like carbohydrates, the recognition process can not be predicted or designed even assuming that each individual hydrogen bond's strength is exactly known. Howe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This method is related to the downdraft, but uses a pump to power a spray nozzle, fixed a few inches above the water level. The spray action entraps and shreds the air in the base of the unit, similar to holding your thumb over a garden hose, which then rises to the collection chamber. In the United States, one company... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Besides education, CrysTBox is mainly used in research with fields of application spanning from nuclear research to archaeology and paleontology. Among others, the suite was employed in development of additive manufacturing (including 3D printed biodegradable alloys, metallic glass or high-entropy alloys), resistant co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ability to fix nitrogen in nodules is present in actinorhizal plants such as alder and bayberry, with the help of Frankia bacteria. They are found in 25 genera in the orders Cucurbitales, Fagales and Rosales, which together with the Fabales form a nitrogen-fixing clade of eurosids. The ability to fix nitrogen is no... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The EI-MS spectra were measured in a JEOL JMS-01SG or a JEOL JMS-700 spectrometers, by the electron ionization method, with an electronic accelerating voltage of 75 eV and an ion accelerating voltage of 8 – 10 kV. The direct or reservoir inlet systems were used. The accuracy of the mass number is 0.5. This collection c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The construct-specific detection methods can either be DNA or protein based. DNA based detection looks for a part of the foreign DNA inserted in a GMO. For technical reasons, certain DNA sequences are shared by several GMOs. Protein-based methods detect the product of the transgene, for example the Bt toxin. Since diff... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PSII is extremely complex, a highly organized transmembrane structure that contains a water splitting complex, chlorophylls and carotenoid pigments, a reaction center (P680), pheophytin (a pigment similar to chlorophyll), and two quinones. It uses the energy of sunlight to transfer electrons from water to a mobile elec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, the Froude–Krylov force—sometimes also called the Froude–Kriloff force—is a hydrodynamical force named after William Froude and Alexei Krylov. The Froude–Krylov force is the force introduced by the unsteady pressure field generated by undisturbed waves. The Froude–Krylov force does, together with the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the middle of 1960s, DuPont created and patented an industrial process for making fine ferromagnetic particles of chromium dioxide (CrO). The first CrO tapes for data and video appeared in 1968. In 1970, BASF, who would become the main proponent of CrO, launched its chrome cassette production; in the same year Adven... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Even greater in scope than metalloboranes are metallacarboranes. These cages have carbon vertices, often CH, in addition to BH and M vertices. A well-developed class of metallacarboranes are prepared from dicarbollides, anions of the formula [CBH]. These anions function as ligands for a variety of metals, often formi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A vacuum Rabi oscillation is a damped oscillation of an initially excited atom coupled to an electromagnetic resonator or cavity in which the atom alternately emits photon(s) into a single-mode electromagnetic cavity and reabsorbs them. The atom interacts with a single-mode field confined to a limited volume V in an op... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Together with [F]sodium floride, PET for bone imaging has been in use for 60 years for measuring regional bone metabolism and blood flow using static and dynamic scans. Researchers have recently started using [F]sodium floride to study bone metastasis as well. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In printing, organic pigments are mainly used in the inks, so the shifting or bleaching of the color of a printing product due to the presence of UV light is usually just a matter of time. The use of organic pigments is justified primarily by their inexpensive cost compared to inorganic pigments. The particle size of t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Following a similar logic as above, one can derive the kinetic model for thermal conductivity of a dilute gas:
Consider two parallel plates separated by a gas layer. Both plates have uniform temperatures, and are so massive compared to the gas layer that they can be treated as thermal reservoirs. The upper plate has a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Certain parent materials also contribute to soil acidification. Granites and their allied igneous rocks are called "acidic" because they have a lot of free quartz, which produces silicic acid on weathering. Also, they have relatively low amounts of calcium and magnesium. Some sedimentary rocks such as shale and coal ar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This test consisted of 85 questions. The first 23 questions numbered 1-23 were classification questions. The next 15 questions, numbered 101-115, were called relationship analysis questions. The SAT Subject Test in Chemistry was currently the only SAT that incorporates the relationship analysis questions. Relationship ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While Muslim intellectuals were already acquainted with Greek philosophy (especially logic), al-Kindi is credited with being the first real Muslim philosopher. His own thought was largely influenced by the Neo-Platonic philosophy of Proclus, Plotinus and John Philoponus, amongst others, although he does appear to have ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Often parents of children with a developmental disability want to know more about their childs conditions before choosing to have another child. These concerns can be addressed by analysis of the parents and childs DNA. In cases where the childs developmental disability is not understood, the cause of it can potential... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bacterial food cultures can be divided into starter cultures and probiotics.
Starter cultures have mainly a technological function in the food manufacturing. They are used as food ingredients at one or more stages in the food manufacturing process and develop the desired metabolic activity during the fermentation or ri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the mathematical description it is assumed that no clustering occurs within the alloy. Then, for a binary alloy of the form , e.g. , the standard deviation of the composition is given by:
where is the number of atoms within the excitons' volume, i.e. with being the atoms per volume.
In general, the band gap ene... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jiva means "soul" in Jainism, and is also called jivatman. It is a core concept and the fundamental focus of the Jain theology. The soul is believed to be eternal, and a substance that undergoes constant modifications, in every life, after every rebirth of a living being. Jiva consists of pure consciousness in the Jain... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
is variable fluorescence. Calculated as = - .
is the ratio of variable fluorescence to maximal fluorescence. Calculated as . This is a measure of the maximum efficiency of PSII (the efficiency if all PSII centres were open). can be used to estimate the potential efficiency of PSII by taking dark-adapted measurement... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A carrier-powered radio is a batteryless radio which "leeches" its power from the incoming electromagnetic wave. A simple circuit (very similar to a crystal set) rectifies the incoming signal and this DC current is then used to power a small transistor amplifier. Typically a strong local station is tuned in to provide ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* University of Chicago Board of Governors' Distinguished Performance Award, 2009.
* Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2013.
*Argonne Distinguished Fellow, 2016
* DOE materials sciences research competition for Outstanding Scientific Accomplishments in Solid State Physics, 1987. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
2,2′-Dipyridyldisulfide, sometimes known as DPS, is used for preparing thiols and activating carboxylic acid for coupling reactions, as in the following reaction: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The only oceanic anoxic event documented from the Jurassic took place during the early Toarcian (~183 Ma). Since no DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project) or ODP (Ocean Drilling Program) cores have recovered black shales of this age—there being little or no Toarcian ocean crust remaining—the samples of black shale primarily ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For superconductors the bosons involved are the so-called Cooper pairs which are quasiparticles formed by two electrons. Hence m = 2m and q = −2e where m and e are the mass of an electron and the elementary charge. It follows from Eq. () that
Integrating Eq. () over a closed loop gives
As in the case of helium we defin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gas generation by radiolytic decomposition of hydrogen-containing materials has been an area of concern for the transport and storage of radioactive materials and waste for a number of years. Potentially combustible and corrosive gases can be generated while at the same time, chemical reactions can remove hydrogen, and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The saprobic system has a long history in German-language countries. The idea of saprobes to estimate water quality has been foreshadowed by the works of Arthur Hill Hassall (1850) and Ferdinand Julius Cohn (1853). In a series of publications, the Germans botanists Richard Kolkwitz and Maximilian Marsson (1902, 1908, 1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
These forming processes modify metal or workpiece by deforming the object, that is, without removing any material. Forming is done with a system of mechanical forces and, especially for bulk metal forming, with heat. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A reduction–oxidation (redox) equilibrium can be handled in exactly the same way as any other chemical equilibrium. For example,
:Fe + Ce Fe + Ce;
However, in the case of redox reactions it is convenient to split the overall reaction into two half-reactions. In this example
:Fe + e Fe
:Ce + e Ce
The standard free en... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There have been a few technical issues that have limited adoption of SFC technology in the past. First of all, is the need to keep a high gas pressure in the operating conditions. High-pressure vessels are expensive and bulky, and special materials are often needed to avoid dissolving gaskets and O-rings in the superc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Consider two coupled ultrasensitive modules, disregarding effects of sequestration of molecular components between layers. In this case, the expression for the system's dose-response curve, , results from the mathematical composition of the functions, , which describe the input/output relationship of isolated modules :... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The anhydrous material crystallizes in the CdCl motif, featuring octahedral coordination geometry at each Ni(II) center. NiI is prepared by dehydration of the pentahydrate.
NiI readily hydrates, and the hydrated form can be prepared by dissolution of nickel oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate in hydroiodic acid. The anhydro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An old style mercury barometer consists of a vertical glass tube about 1 cm in diameter partially filled with mercury, and with a vacuum (called Torricelli's vacuum) in the unfilled volume (see diagram to the right). Notice that the mercury level at the center of the tube is higher than at the edges, making the upper s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Axially chiral biaryl compounds are prepared by coupling reactions, e.g., Ullmann coupling, Suzuki–Miyaura reaction, or palladium-catalyzed arylation of arenes. Subsequent to the synthesis, the racemic biaryl is resolved by classical methods. Diastereoselective coupling can be achieved through the use of a chiral bridg... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry and thermodynamics, the standard enthalpy of formation or standard heat of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy during the formation of 1 mole of the substance from its constituent elements in their reference state, with all substances in their standard states. The standard pressure value is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Secret of the Golden Flower () is a Chinese Taoist book on neidan (inner alchemy) meditation, which also mixes Buddhist teachings with some Confucian thoughts. It was written by means of the spirit-writing (fuji) technique, through two groups, in 1688 and 1692. After publication of the translation by Richard Wilhel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Kerrigan's 2016 Agaricus of North America P45:
(Referring to Schaffers reaction) "In fact I recommend switching to the following modified test. Frank (1988) developed an alternative formulation in which aniline oil is combined with glacial acetic acid (GAA, essentially distilled vinegar) in a 50:50 solution. GAA is a m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The problem of integrating heat between hot and cold streams, and finding the optimal network, in particular in terms of costs, may today be solved with numerical algorithms. The network can be formulated as a so-called mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem and solved with an appropriate numerical solver... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Exemestane is quickly absorbed from the gut, but undergoes a strong first-pass effect in the liver. Highest blood plasma concentrations are reached after 1.2 hours in breast cancer patients and after 2.9 hours in healthy subjects. Maximal aromatase inhibition occurs after two to three days. 90% of the absorbed substanc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells. This takes place through a pilus. It is a parasexual mode of reproduction in bacteria.
It is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer as are transformation an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The grid complexes exhibit pH-dependent changes in the optical absorption, electronic spin states and reversible redox states. The latticial metal complexes may thus be used theoretically for information storage and processing in the future. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mg is the fourth-most-abundant metal ion in cells (per moles) and the most abundant free divalent cation — as a result, it is deeply and intrinsically woven into cellular metabolism. Indeed, Mg-dependent enzymes appear in virtually every metabolic pathway: Specific binding of Mg to biological membranes is frequently ob... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Progesterone and its neurosteroid active metabolite allopregnanolone appear to be importantly involved in libido in females. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Both TERS and SERS rely on a localized surface plasmon for increasing the ought-to-be weak Raman signal. The only difference between them is that the sample in SERS has a rough surface that hinders application of a sharp AFM-like tip. TERS, on the other hand, uses a metal-coated tip having some roughness at nanoscale. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Janet Gretchen Osteryoung (March 1, 1939 – September 21, 2021) was an American chemist who was the director of the Chemistry Division of the National Science Foundation from 1994 to 2001. Her research furthered the development of electroanalysis and especially that of square wave voltammetry. She was elected a Fellow o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Corrosion engineering is an engineering specialty that applies scientific, technical, engineering skills, and knowledge of natural laws and physical resources to design and implement materials, structures, devices, systems, and procedures to manage corrosion.
From a holistic perspective, corrosion is the phenomenon of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermal rearrangements of aromatic hydrocarbons are generally carried out through flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP). In a typical FVP apparatus, a sample is sublimed under high vacuum (0.1-1.0 mmHg), heated in the range of 500-1100 °C by an electric furnace as it passes through a horizontal quartz tube, and collected in a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The crystallographic point group or crystal class is the mathematical group comprising the symmetry operations that leave at least one point unmoved and that leave the appearance of the crystal structure unchanged. These symmetry operations include
*Reflection, which reflects the structure across a reflection plane
*Ro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Brown and Goldstein discovered the LDL receptor and showed cholesterol is loaded into cells through receptor mediated endocytosis. Until recently cholesterol was thought of primarily as a structural component of the membrane. However, more recently, cholesterol uptake was shown to signal an immune response in macrophag... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As 1,3dipoles, nitrones perform [[1,3-dipolar cycloaddition|[3+2] cycloaddition]]s. For example, a dipolarophilic alkene combines to form isoxazolidine:
Other ring-closing reactions are known, including formal [3+3] and [5+2] cycloadditions. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Double diffusion convection plays a significant role in upwelling of nutrients and vertical transport of heat and salt in oceans. Salt fingering contributes to vertical mixing in the oceans. Such mixing helps regulate the gradual overturning circulation of the ocean, which control the climate of the earth. Apart from p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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