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The screw axis appears in the dual quaternion formulation of a spatial displacement . The dual quaternion is constructed from the dual vector defining the screw axis and the dual angle , where φ is the rotation about and d the slide along this axis, which defines the displacement D to obtain,
A spatial displacement of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Franz-Joseph Müller, Freiherr von Reichenstein or Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein (1 July 1740 or 4 October 1742 – 12 October 1825 or 1826) was an Austrian mineralogist and mining engineer. Müller held several positions in the Habsburg monarchy administration of mines and coinage in the Banat, Transylvania, and Ty... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cordials were used to renew the natural heat, recreate and revive the spirits, and free the whole body from the malignity of diseases. Many cordials were also considered aphrodisiacs, a view which encouraged their consumption in a social as opposed to a medical context. Other early varieties of alcoholic cordials were ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The power generated by a power station is measured in multiples of the watt, typically megawatts (10 watts) or gigawatts (10 watts). Power stations vary greatly in capacity depending on the type of power plant and on historical, geographical and economic factors. The following examples offer a sense of the scale.
Many ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The adsorption regeneration process is divided into three key elements which occur in different parts of the cell. All three occur continuously and simultaneously, with parameters such as charge passed, rate of effluent in/outflow and air inlet rate varied according to pollutant type and concentration. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When mutations occur in the genes responsible for the biological mechanisms that herbicides interfere with, these mutations may cause the herbicide mode of action to work less effectively. This is called target-site resistance. Specific mutations that have the most helpful effect for the plant have been shown to occur ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Melted micrometeorites (cosmic spherules) were first collected from deep-sea sediments during the 1873 to 1876 expedition of HMS Challenger. In 1891, Murray and Renard found "two groups [of micrometeorites]: first, black magnetic spherules, with or without a metallic nucleus; second, brown-coloured spherules resembling... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ash content of coal is the non-combustible residue left after coal is burnt. It represents the bulk mineral matter after carbon, oxygen, sulfur and water (including from clays) has been driven off during combustion. Analysis is fairly straightforward, with the coal thoroughly burnt and the ash material expressed as a p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A lot of emphasis has been given to RNA-Seq data after the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) projects have used this approach to characterize dozens of cell lines and thousands of primary tumor samples, respectively. ENCODE aimed to identify genome-wide regulatory regions in diffe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nanog is a transcription factor that controls both self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Similarly, the expression of Nanog family proteins is increased in many types of cancer and correlates with a worse prognosis. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A large-scale application of carbenes is the industrial production of tetrafluoroethylene, the precursor to Teflon. Tetrafluoroethylene is generated via the intermediacy of difluorocarbene:
: CHClF → CF + HCl
:2 CF → FC=CF
The insertion of carbenes into C–H bonds has been exploited widely, e.g. the functionali... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ceruloplasmin (or caeruloplasmin) is a ferroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CP gene.
Ceruloplasmin is the major copper-carrying protein in the blood, and in addition plays a role in iron metabolism. It was first described in 1948. Another protein, hephaestin, is noted for its homology to ceruloplasmin, a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is used to determine the ability of some organisms to produce a neutral end product, acetyl methyl carbinol (acetoin) from glucose fermentation. The production of acetoin, a neutral reacting end product produced by members such as Klebsiella, Enterobacter etc., is the chief end product of glucose metabolism and form... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As a system is formed from a solid surface and a drop of liquid, energy minima and maxima are produced by the free energy of the system. When the solid surface is rough or homogeneous, the system, which is made up of a solid, a liquid, and a fluid, could have multiple minima produced from the free energy at different m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
- Unlike several other flow imaging techniques, PLIF may be combined with particle image velocimetry (PIV). This allows for the simultaneous measurement of a fluid velocity field and species concentration. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Among his accolades, King was recognized by the ACS Awards in Pure Chemistry (1971) and in Inorganic Chemistry (1991). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ballast tanks do not corrode uniformly throughout the tank. Each region behaves distinctively, according to it electrochemical loading. The differences can especially be seen in empty ballast tanks. The upper sections usually corrode but the lower sections will blister.
A ballast tank has three distinct sections: 1) up... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For many workers in the field, a reactor is an item which is too expensive; instead, it is common to use a neutron source which uses a combination of an alpha emitter and beryllium. These sources tend to be much weaker than reactors. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Limans were built in order to fight desertification without depleting groundwater resources, which are becoming increasingly rare in arid ecosystems. Remaining soil humidity can be found in dry river beds (wadis) after rains occur, but these wadis are prone to flash floods. The result is massive soil erosion and the de... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cerimetry or cerimetric titration, also known as cerate oximetry, is a method of volumetric chemical analysis developed by Ion Atanasiu. It is a redox titration in which an iron(II)–1,10-phenanthroline complex (ferroin) color change indicates the end point. Ferroin can be reversibly discolored in its oxidized form upon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Resonance is to be distinguished from isomerism. Isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but are distinct chemical species with different arrangements of atomic nuclei in space. Resonance contributors of a molecule, on the other hand, can only differ in the way electrons are formally assigned to atoms in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Partially digested food starts to arrive in the small intestine as semi-liquid chyme, one hour after it is eaten. The stomach is half empty after an average of 1.2 hours. After four or five hours the stomach has emptied.
In the small intestine, the pH becomes crucial; it needs to be finely balanced in order to activate... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The simplest way of measuring the contact angle of a sessile drop is with a contact angle goniometer, which allows the user to measure the contact angle visually. A droplet is deposited by a syringe which is positioned above the sample surface, and a high resolution camera captures the image from the profile or side vi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In molecular biology, Pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a protein domain predominantly found in lung surfactant. This protein plays a special role; its primary task is to act as a defence protein against any pathogens that may invade the lung. It also plays a role in lubricating the lung and preventing it from c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Flutamide, as a monotherapy, causes gynecomastia in 30 to 79% of men, and also produces breast tenderness. However, more than 90% of cases of gynecomastia with NSAAs including flutamide are mild to moderate. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with predominantly antiestrogenic actions, can counter... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chromatofocusing is a protein-separation technique that allows resolution of single proteins and other ampholytes from a complex mixture according to differences in their isoelectric point. Chromatofocusing uses ion exchange resins and is typically performed on fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) or similar equip... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Once the C-H bond of methane is activated by bonding to a transition metal complex, the net functionalization of the alkyl metal complex into another hydrocarbon containing a functional group is actually much harder to achieve. In general, alkanes of various lengths have typically been functionalized by a number of mor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The affinity concept was very closely linked to the visual representation of substances on a table. The first-ever affinity table, which was based on displacement reactions, was published in 1718 by the French chemist Étienne François Geoffroy. Geoffroys name is best known in connection with these tables of "affinitie... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
bHLH transcription factors have been shown to have a wide array of functions in developmental processes. More precisely, they have critical roles in the control of cellular differentiation, proliferation and regulation of oncogenesis. To date, 242 eukaryotic proteins belonging to the HLH superfamily have been reported.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alkalimetry and acidimetry are types of volumetric analyses in which the fundamental reaction is a neutralization reaction. They involve the controlled addition of either an acid or a base (titrant) of known concentration to the solution of the unknown concentration (titrate) until the reaction reaches its stoichiometr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Originally, the use of laser-induced shock waves on metals to achieve property or functional benefits was referred to as laser shock processing, a broader, more inclusive term. As it happened, laser peening was the first commercial aspect of laser shock processing. However, laser-induced shock waves have found uses in ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A number of chemists in the early 1900s, including Staudinger and Pfenninger (1916), as well as Delepine (1920) studied episulfides. I 1934 Dachlauer and Jackel devised a general synthesis of episulfides from epoxides using alkali thiocyanates and thiourea. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All the reactions associated with synthesis of biomolecule converge into the following pathway, viz., glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain, exist as an amphibolic pathway, meaning that they can function anabolically as well as catabolically.
Other important amphibolic pathways are the Embden-Mey... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A range of tripodal phosphines such as HC(CHPR), N(CHCHPPh) and P(CHCHPMe) have been reviewed. The tetra amine (tris(2-aminoethyl)amine) can be reacted with salicylaldehyde to form a ligand which can bind with three oxygens and three nitrogens to a metal. Trispyrazolylmethane (Tpm) is another class of scorpionate ligan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While nuclear pasta has not been observed in a neutron star, its phases are theorized to exist in the inner crust of neutron stars, forming a transition region between the conventional matter at the surface and the ultra-dense matter at the core. All phases are expected to be amorphous, with a heterogeneous charge dist... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gene therapy approaches to replace a faulty gene with a healthy gene have been proposed and are being studied for treating some genetic diseases. As of 2017, 11.1% of gene therapy clinical trials targeted monogenic diseases.
Diseases such as sickle cell disease that are caused by autosomal recessive disorders for which... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Modern biological research has revealed strong evidence that the enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain assemble into larger, supramolecular structures called supercomplexes, instead of the traditional fluid model of discrete enzymes dispersed in the inner mitochondrial membrane. These supercomplexes are funct... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The core of the basic cephalosporin molecule consists of a two ring system which includes a β-lactam ring condensed with dihydrothiazine ring. The core itself can also be referred to as 7-aminocephalosporanic acid which can be derived by hydrolysis from the natural compound cephalosporin C. Chemical compounds containin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Global Powder Metallurgy Database (GPMD) is an online searchable database that has been developed as the result of a joint project between leading regional powder metallurgy (PM) trade associations, the EPMA and its sister organisations in Japan (JPMA) and North America (MPIF).
This database was created in response... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The method uses seasonal water balance components as input data. These are related to the surface hydrology (like rainfall, potential evaporation, irrigation, use of drain and well water for irrigation, runoff), and the aquifer hydrology (e.g., pumping from wells). The other water balance components (like actual evapor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Unlike an electrical superconductor, color-superconducting quark matter comes in many varieties, each of which is a separate phase of matter. This is because quarks, unlike electrons, come in many species. There are three different colors (red, green, blue) and in the core of a compact star we expect three different f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) is a learned society that was founded on December 26, 1906, at a meeting organized by John Jacob Abel (Johns Hopkins University). The roots of the society were in the American Physiological Society, which had been formed some 20 years earlier. ASBMB is... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While there will naturally have been some changes throughout the centuries, this section only tries to give a general overview of the situation that was recorded in detail in numerous 19th-century merchants' handbooks.
;Iberian Peninsula
On the Iberian Peninsula, apothecaries weights in the 19th century were relatively... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Optical rotation, also known as polarization rotation or circular birefringence, is the rotation of the orientation of the plane of polarization about the optical axis of linearly polarized light as it travels through certain materials. Circular birefringence and circular dichroism are the manifestations of optical act... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Relative Surface Excess quantities are more useful than arbitrary surface excess quantities. The Relative surface excess relates the adsorption at the interface to a solvent in the bulk phase. An advantage of using the relative surface excess quantities is that they don't depend on the location of the dividing surface... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hellmut Fischmeister was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in 1975. In 1981, he was elected as a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and was a member of the Academia Europaea since 1989. In 1995, he became a full member of the mathematical-natural scie... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For atoms in the gas phase the principal effects are Doppler and pressure broadening. Lines are relatively sharp on the scale of measurement so that applications such as atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP) are used for elemental analysis. Atoms also hav... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the core of a nucleosome and thus are called core histones. Processing of core histones is done differently because typical histone mRNA lacks several features of other eukaryotic mRNAs, such as poly(A) tail and introns. Thus, such mRNAs do not undergo splicing and their 3' processing ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
William Christopher Zeise was born 15 October 1789 in Slagelse, the son of an apothecary, Frederick Zeise (1754–1836), who was an old friend of physicist Hans Christian Ørsteds father. Zeise attended Slagelse Latin school until he went to Copenhagen in 1805 to take up an apprenticeship under Gottfried Becker as a pharm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When an electron beam is polarized, an unbalance between spin-up, , and spin-down electrons, , exists. The unbalance can be evaluated through the polarization defined as
It is known that, when an electron collides against a nucleus, the scattering event is governed by Coulomb interaction. This is the leading term in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The risks of isocyanates was brought to the world's attention with the 1984 Bhopal disaster, which caused the death of nearly 4000 people from the accidental release of methyl isocyanate. In 2008, the same chemical was involved in an explosion at a pesticide manufacturing plant in West Virginia.
LD50s for isocyanates ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since a sequence of single-stranded DNA needs to find its complementary strand to reform a double helix, common sequences renature more rapidly than rare sequences. Indeed, the rate at which a sequence will reassociate is proportional to the number of copies of that sequence in the DNA sample. A sample with a highly-re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets) are produced by hematopoiesis.
The erythrocytes have as main function the O delivery to the tissues, and this transfer occurs by diffusion and is determined by the O tension (PO). The erythrocyte is able to feel the tissue need for O and cause a change in vascula... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following polyhedra are closo polyhedra, and are the basis for the 4n rules; each of these have triangular faces. The number of vertices in the cluster determines what polyhedron the structure is based on.
Using the electron count, the predicted structure can be found. n is the number of vertices in the cluster. Th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Clozapine N-oxide (CNO) is a synthetic drug used mainly in biomedical research as a ligand to activate DREADD receptors. Although CNO was initially believed to be biologically inert. However, it has been shown not to enter the brain after administration and to reverse metabolise in peripheral tissues to form clozapine.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemical messengers bind to metabotropic receptors to initiate a diversity of effects caused by biochemical signaling cascades. G protein-coupled receptors are all metabotropic receptors. When a ligand binds to a G protein-coupled receptor, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein, or G protein, activates a second messenge... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When the two dental sealants are compared, there has always been a contradiction as to which materials is more effective in caries reduction. Therefore, there are claims against replacing resin-based sealants, the current gold standard, with glass ionomer. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Realizing the modest thermal conductivity enhancement in conventional nanofluids, a team of researchers at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam developed a new class of magnetically polarizable nanofluids where the thermal conductivity enhancement up to 300% of basefluids is demonstrated. Fatty-a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mathur's researches were focused on the organometallic chemistry of mixed metal cluster compounds and he has developed synthetic strategies for introducing chalcogen bridges. At IIT Mumbai, he handled projects related to the investigation of unusual metal mediated transformations and the interactions between the metal ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The [http://hive.biochemistry.gwu.edu/ High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment] (HIVE) is a distributed computing environment used for healthcare-IT and biological research, including analysis of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data, preclinical, clinical and post market data, adverse events, metagenomic data,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Measuring cardiac biomarkers can be a step toward making a diagnosis for a condition. Whereas cardiac imaging often confirms a diagnosis, simpler and less expensive cardiac biomarker measurements can advise a physician whether more complicated or invasive procedures are warranted. In many cases medical societies advise... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2008, Meibom was awarded with the Medal for Research Excellence by the European Mineralogical Union for his contributions in the field of cosmochemistry. From 2009 to 2012, he was appointed member of the Comité National Section 18 at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France. In 2009 and 2017... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nanocrystalline materials show exceptional mechanical properties relative to their coarse-grained varieties. Because the volume fraction of grain boundaries in nanocrystalline materials can be as large as 30%, the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials are significantly influenced by this amorphous grain bo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aggregates may also form from colloids trapped on the surface of rising bubbles. For example, Kepkay et al. found that bubble coagulation leads to an increase in bacterial respiration since more food is available to them. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In coastal and environmental engineering, the closure of tidal inlets entails the deliberate prevention of the entry of seawater into inland areas through the use of fill material and the construction of barriers. The aim of such closures is usually to safeguard inland regions from flooding, thereby protecting ecologic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lessing rings are a type of random packing similar to the Raschig ring invented in the early 20th century by German-born British chemist Rudolf Lessing (1878-1964) of Mond Nickel Company. Originally wrapped from steel strips according to his 1919 patent, now they are made of ceramic. Lessing rings have partitions insi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In coordination chemistry transition metal imido complexes feature the NR ligand. They are similar to oxo ligands in some respects. In some the M-N-C angle is 180º but often the angle is decidedly bent. The parent imide (NH) is an intermediate in nitrogen fixation by synthetic catalysts. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As powerful nucleophiles, enolates react readily with a variety of electrophiles. These reactions generate new C-C bonds and often new stereocenters. The stereoselectivity and regioselectivity is influenced by additives, solvent, counterions, etc. One important class of electrophiles are alkyl halides, and in this case... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
G proteins contain an alpha-subunit that is critical to the functioning of receptors. These subunits can take a number of forms. There are four broad classes of form of G-protein: G, G, G, and G. Muscarinic receptors vary in the G protein to which they are bound, with some correlation according to receptor type. G prot... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Anthropogenic heat is heat generated by humans and human activity. The American Meteorological Society defines it as "Heat released to the atmosphere as a result of human activities, often involving combustion of fuels. Sources include industrial plants, space heating and cooling, human metabolism, and vehicle exhausts... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ductile iron used to manufacture the pipe is characterized by the spheroidal or nodular nature of the graphite within the iron. Typically, the pipe is manufactured using centrifugal casting in metal or resin lined moulds. Protective internal linings and external coatings are often applied to ductile iron pipes to i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Eyeglass frames made from titanium-containing SMAs are marketed under the trademarks Flexon and TITANflex. These frames are usually made out of shape-memory alloys that have their transition temperature set below the expected room temperature. This allows the frames to undergo large deformation under stress, yet regain... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An economical semisynthesis of progesterone from the plant steroid diosgenin isolated from yams was developed by Russell Marker in 1940 for the Parke-Davis pharmaceutical company. This synthesis is known as the Marker degradation.
The 16-DPA intermediate is important to the synthesis of many other medically important s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ASARCO Amarillo copper refinery switched in 1991 from reverberatory furnace treatment of anode slimes to a BBOC to reduce the gold inventory. The original reverberatory furnace had a 15 t capacity. The production cycle of the reverberatory furnace was typically 7–10 days, with the final doré production being about ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Other systems involve liquid going through an orifice, expanding from a capillary, or sucked up from a surface into a column by a vacuum. A pressurized capillary rheometer can be used to design thermal treatments of fluid food. This instrumentation could help prevent over and under-processing of fluid food because extr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The SUPERFAMILY annotation is based on a collection of hidden Markov models (HMM), which represent structural protein domains at the SCOP superfamily level.
A superfamily groups together domains which have an evolutionary relationship. The annotation is produced by scanning protein sequences from completely sequence... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The water policy of the European Union is primarily codified in three directives:
*Directive on Urban Waste Water Treatment (91/271/EEC) of 21 May 1991 concerning discharges of municipal and some industrial wastewaters;
*The Drinking Water Directive (98/83/EC) of 3 November 1998 concerning potable water quality;
*Water... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In physics, macrons are microscopic (dust-sized) particles, accelerated to high speeds. The term was first used in the late 1960s, when it was believed that macrons could be accelerated cheaply in small particle accelerators as a way of achieving low-cost fusion power. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organosulfur chemistry, a Bunte salt is an archaic name for salts with the formula RSSONa. They are also called S-alkylthiosulfates or S-arylthiosulfates. These compounds are typically derived from alkylation on the pendant sulfur of sodium thiosulfate:
:RX + NaSO → Na[OSR] + NaX
They have been used as inte... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stephen T. Liddle FRSE FRSC is a British professor of inorganic chemistry at the University of Manchester. He is Head of Inorganic Chemistry and Co-Director of the Centre for Radiochemistry Research at the University of Manchester since 2015. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although gas handling and processing are far more economical than converting coal into coke (not to mention the associated constraints, such as bulk handling, high sensitivity of coking plants to production fluctuations, environmental impact, etc.), replacing coke with natural gas only makes direct reduction attractive... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1828 he wrote an anonymous review on Gall and Spurzheims work on phrenology, which was reprinted two years later, with comments by Spurzheim, in London. The Edinburgh Review and Foreign Quarterly Review' printed his various economic and cultural articles on France and England.
* 1802: [https://books.google.com/books... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reaction dynamics is a field within physical chemistry, studying why chemical reactions occur, how to predict their behavior, and how to control them. It is closely related to chemical kinetics, but is concerned with individual chemical events on atomic length scales and over very brief time periods. It considers stat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biosurfactant usually refers to surfactants of microbial origin. Most of the biosurfactants produced by microbes are synthesized extracellularly and many microbes are known to produce biosurfactants in large relative quantities. Some are of commercial interest. As a secondary metabolite of microorganisms, biosurfactant... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Heidt, L.J.; Koster, G.F.; Johnson, A.M. "Experimental and Crystal Field Study of the Absorption Spectrum at 2000 to 8000 A of to Manganous Perchlorate in Aqueous Perchloric Acid" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 80, 6471–6477.
*Rohde,J; In,J.; Lim, M.H.; Brennessel, W.W.; Bukowski, M.R.; Stubna, A.; Muonck, E.; Nam, W.; Que ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In terms of representation theory, what has happened is that the two conjugate 2-dimensional spin representations of the spin group SU(2) = Spin(3) (as it sits inside the 3-dimensional Clifford algebra) have tensored to produce a 4-dimensional representation. The 4-dimensional representation descends to the usual ortho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since TPD observes the mass of desorbed molecules, it shows what molecules are adsorbed on the surface. Moreover, TPD recognizes the different adsorption conditions of the same molecule from the differences between the desorption temperatures of molecules desorbing different sites at the surface, e.g. terraces vs. step... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Korea Foundation for the Science and Creativity, LG Chem, and Korea Dow Chemical Company supports the KChO. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The bond length between two atoms in a molecule depends not only on the atoms but also on such factors as the orbital hybridization and the electronic and steric nature of the substituents. The carbon–carbon (C–C) bond length in diamond is 154 pm. It is generally considered the average length for a carbon–carbon single... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Water quality is graded both on appearance, for example: clear, cloudy, full of algae, and chemistry. Determining the specific levels of enzymes, bacteria, metals, and minerals found in water is extremely important. Some contaminants, such as metals and certain organic wastes, can be lethal to individual creatures and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Particle radiation is the radiation of energy by means of fast-moving subatomic particles. Particle radiation is referred to as a particle beam if the particles are all moving in the same direction, similar to a light beam.
Due to the wave–particle duality, all moving particles also have wave character. Higher energy p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hypothermia therapy for neonatal encephalopathy has been proven to improve outcomes for newborn infants affected by perinatal hypoxia-ischemia, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy or birth asphyxia. A 2013 Cochrane review found that it is useful in full term babies with encephalopathy. Whole body or selective head cooling ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neptunium silicide forms crystals of tetragonal crystal system, space group I4/amd, cell parameters: a = 0.396 nm, c = 1.367 nm, Z = 4.
Neptunium disilicide does not dissolve in water. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Splicing is catalyzed by the spliceosome, a large RNA-protein complex composed of five small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Assembly and activity of the spliceosome occurs during transcription of the pre-mRNA. The RNA components of snRNPs interact with the intron and are involved in catalysis. Two types of spl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Proteolysis is also used in research and diagnostic applications:
* Cleavage of fusion protein so that the fusion partner and protein tag used in protein expression and purification may be removed. The proteases used have high degree of specificity, such as thrombin, enterokinase, and TEV protease, so that only the ta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Before entering a tanning unit, the tanner usually applies indoor tanning lotion to the whole body and may use a separate facial-tanning lotion. These lotions are considerably more expensive than drugstore lotions. They contain no sunscreen, but instead moisturize the skin with ingredients such as aloe vera, hempseed o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Latvian Academy of Sciences named a biannual prize for advances in chemistry in Gustavs Vanags' name.
A commemorative plaque with bas-relief of G. Vanags is installed in the hall of Riga Technical University Faculty of Chemistry. A commemorative stone is erected at the place where his native house of "Rungas" once stoo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Officials used hydrometeorological data to create an image of what the potential nuclear fallout looked like after the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. Using this method, they were able to determine the distribution of radionuclides in the surrounding area, and discovered emissions from the nuclear reactor itself. These emi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In analytical chemistry, glow discharges are usually operated in direct-current mode. For direct-current, the cathode (which is the sample in solids analysis) must be conductive. In contrast, analysis of a non conductive cathode requires the use of a high frequency alternating current.
The potential, pressure, and cur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Libration (from the Latin verb librare "to balance, to sway"; cf. libra "scales") is a type of reciprocating motion in which an object with a nearly fixed orientation repeatedly rotates slightly back and forth. In physics and chemistry, a molecule (or other group of atoms) can undergo libration if it is subject to exte... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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