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Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) is a fairly non-reactive, thermoplastic fluoropolymer with excellent chemical and thermal resistance for plastic pipework uses. PVDF resin is produced through polymerization of the vinylidene fluoride monomer. The PVDF resin is then used to make PVDF pipe as well as many other products.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Originally, the immune stimulation by drugs were exclusively explained by the hapten concept, which was investigated in the early 1930s: In these early studies it was found that drugs were too small to represent an antigen inherently. Only if they or their metabolites are haptens, thereby forming larger and stable drug... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For example, consider the same problem from the previous section of a linear chain. The matrix is the unscaled elasticity matrix:
In this specific problem there are 3 species () and 4 reaction steps (), the elasticity matrix is therefore a matrix. However, a number of entries in the matrix will be zero. For example ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The geometry of TAP like all known geometries of tetraarylporphyrins is distorted to take a very characteristic “saddle” shape. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are 2 subgroups of NA inhibitors that have been approved by regulatory authorities in the US and Europe, Zanamivir and Oseltamivir. Both are for the treatment and prevention of influenza. Furthermore, Peramivir and Laninamivir have been approved by regulatory authorities in some parts of Asia. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Topologically close pack (TCP) phases, also known as Frank-Kasper (FK) phases, are one of the largest groups of intermetallic compounds, known for their complex crystallographic structure and physical properties. Owing to their combination of periodic and aperiodic structure, some TCP phases belong to the class of quas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are synthetic biopolymers with potential applications in the fields of cancer therapy, tissue scaffolding, metal recovery, and protein purification. For cancer therapy, the addition of functional groups to ELPs can enable them to conjugate with cytotoxic drugs. Also, ELPs may be able ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A safety concern has been raised on the basis of several studies regarding the effect of toothpaste SDS on aphthous ulcers (more specifically, mouth ulcers or "canker sores"), commonly referred to as canker or white sores. According to the NHS, SLS is a cause for concern for mouth ulcers. As Lippert notes, of 2013, "ve... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ability to fine-tune pi stacking interactions would be useful in numerous synthetic efforts. One example would be to increase the binding affinity of a small-molecule inhibitor to an enzyme pocket containing aromatic residues. The effects of heteroatoms and substituents on pi stacking interactions is difficult to m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The chloralkali process is a large scale application that uses electrocatalysts. This technology supplies most of the chlorine and sodium hydroxide required by many industries. The cathode is a mixed metal oxide clad titanium anode (also called a dimensionally stable anode). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Flow cups are designed to accurately measure the viscosity of paints, inks, varnishes and similar products. The process of flow through an orifice can often be used as a relative measurement and classification of viscosity. This measured kinematic viscosity is generally expressed in seconds of flow time which can be co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* A birth–death process is a linear one-dimensional Markovian kinetic scheme.
* Michaelis–Menten kinetics are a type of a Markovian kinetic scheme when solved with the steady state assumption for the creation of intermediates in the reaction pathway. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Distribution law or the Nernst's distribution law gives a generalisation which governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law was first given by Nernst who studied the distribution of several solutes between different appropriate pairs of solvents.
C/C = K
Where K is called the distribut... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Unlike ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy which measures absorbance, charge modulation spectroscopy measures the charge introduced optical transmission variation. In other words, it reveals the new features in optical transmission introduced by charges. In this setup, there are mainly four components: lamp, monochromator... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some flying machines have been built which use the Magnus effect to create lift with a rotating cylinder at the front of a wing, allowing flight at lower horizontal speeds.
An early attempt to use the Magnus effect for a heavier-than-air aircraft was made in 1910 by a US member of Congress, Butler Ames of Massachusetts... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Undamaged neighboring plants have been shown, in some cases, to respond to GLV signals. Both the plant emitting the GLVs and its neighboring plants can enter a primed state in which plants activate their defenses systems more quickly and in a stronger concentration.
The first study to clearly demonstrate anti-herbivore... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the first part of the test, the patient is given radiolabeled vitamin B to drink or eat. The most commonly used radiolabels are Co and Co. An intramuscular injection of unlabeled vitamin B is given an hour later. This is not enough to replete or saturate body stores of B. The purpose of the single injection is to te... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DIDs are sensitive to a broad range of components.
In air separation plants, they are used to detect the components ; ; ; ; in argon product in ppm range.
DIDs are non-destructive detectors. They do not destroy or consume the components they detect. Therefore, they can be used before other detectors in multiple-detec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carboxypeptidase A usually refers to the pancreatic exopeptidase that hydrolyzes peptide bonds of C-terminal residues with aromatic or aliphatic side-chains. Most scientists in the field now refer to this enzyme as CPA1, and to a related pancreatic carboxypeptidase as CPA2. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine are widely used antidepressants that specifically block the reuptake of serotonin with less effect on other transmitters.
* Tricyclic antidepressants also block reuptake of biogenic amines from the synapse, but may primarily effect serotonin or norepi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In both the FCC and HCP arrangements each sphere has twelve neighbors. For every sphere there is one gap surrounded by six spheres (octahedral) and two smaller gaps surrounded by four spheres (tetrahedral). The distances to the centers of these gaps from the centers of the surrounding spheres is for the tetrahedral, a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several factors influence the coordination number of an atom, but the most important of these is its size; larger atoms have larger coordination numbers. The coordination number depends on the surface area of the atom, and so is proportional to r. If V is the charge on the atomic core (which is the same as the valenc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The trivial name carbyne is the preferred IUPAC name.
Following the substitutive nomenclature, the molecule is viewed as methane with three hydrogen atoms removed, yielding the systematic name "methylidyne".
Following the additive nomenclature, the molecule is viewed as a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom, yieldin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As the deep waters sink into the ocean basins, they displace the older deep-water masses, which gradually become less dense due to continued ocean mixing. Thus, some water is rising, in what is known as upwelling. Its speeds are very slow even compared to the movement of the bottom water masses. It is therefore difficu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The principle of this method is based on the nucleic acid-binding properties of silica particles or diatoms in the presence of a chaotropic agent, which follows the chaotropic effect.
Put simply, the chaotropic effect is where a chaotropic anion in an aqueous solution disturbs the structure of water, and weakens the hy... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The advantage of using ketenyl anion molecule is to synthesize desired compound selectively without concerning dimerization before synthesizing a target product. In ylide-ketenyl anion, electrophile can be substituted in exchange of metal to functionalize the ketene moiety at high yield. Since the central carbon is ne... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nanoparticle drug delivery focuses on maximizing drug efficacy and minimizing cytotoxicity. Fine-tuning nanoparticle properties for effective drug delivery involves addressing the following factors.
The surface-area-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles can be altered to allow for more ligand binding to the surface. Increa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Monosaccharides can be linked together by glycosidic bonds, which can be cleaved by hydrolysis. Two, three, several or many monosaccharides thus linked form disaccharides, trisaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides, respectively. Enzymes that hydrolyze glycosidic bonds are called "glycoside hydrolases" or "gl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Claude Auguste Lamy (; 15 June 1820 – 20 March 1878) was a French chemist who discovered the element thallium independently from William Crookes in 1862. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It monitors background radiation in the UK. Workers exposed to radiation include workers in dental radiography and nuclear power stations; exposure to radiation for workers in the UK must be ALARP. It offers 3-day training courses around twice a month, at a national level, for workers exposed to radiation.
It produces ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The exchange current density depends critically on the nature of the electrode, not only its structure, but also physical parameters such as surface roughness. Of course, factors that change the composition of the electrode, including passivating oxides and adsorbed species on the surface, also influence the electron ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All current methods of covalent organic framework (COF) synthesis use DCvC. Boronic acid dehydration, as demonstrated by Yaghi et al. is the most common type of reaction used. COFs have been used in gas storage, catalysis, . Possible morphologies include infinite covalent 3D frameworks, 2D polymers, or discrete molecul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several complexes are known with NS ligands. Like nitrosyls, thionitrosyls exist as both linear and bent geometries. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The second step of the RIC experimental process is to saturate the neighboring core sample with crude oil and subjected the sample to water imbibition. Applying the slope of the RIC curve , fluid properties of oil/brine system (ρ,μ,γ) and the ∁ value are determined from the neighboring core sample into Eq. 9 to calcula... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bowen lived for most of his working life in Park Town and is buried in Wolvercote Cemetery, north of Oxford. Bowen was married to Edith née Moule and they had a son (also a chemist) and a daughter. He died on 19 November 1980 after a short illness. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In order to force politics to take more responsibility in acting against ecological, economic and social problems related to water, the European Union implemented the Water Framework Directive. For each river basin district member, the states had to develop, implement and monitor measures to reach its prescribed goals.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The refrigeration industry has been seeking replacements for R-410A because of its high global warming potential. R-454B, formerly known as DL-5A, has been selected by several manufacturers, including Mitsubishi Electric, Carrier, Johnson Controls, and others.
R-454B was developed at and is manufactured by Chemours. Ca... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Volatile suspended solids (VSS) is an analytical parameter representing, loosely, the undissolved organic matter in a water sample. More technically, it a water quality parameter obtained from the loss on ignition of total suspended solids. This ignition generally takes place in an oven at a temperature of 550 °C to 60... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some catalysts operate by "outer sphere mechanisms" such that the substrate never bonds directly to the metal but rather interacts with its ligands, which is often a metal hydride and a protic hydrogen on a ligand. As such, in most cases dihydrogen is split heterolytically, with the metal acting as a Lewis acid and eit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dynamic kinetic resolution in chemistry is a type of kinetic resolution where 100% of a racemic compound can be converted into an enantiopure compound. It is applied in asymmetric synthesis. Asymmetric synthesis has become a much explored field due to the challenge of creating a compound with a single 3D structure. Ev... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Exo-α-sialidase (, sialidase, neuraminidase; systematic name acetylneuraminyl hydrolase) is a glycoside hydrolase that cleaves the glycosidic linkages of neuraminic acids:
: Hydrolysis of α-(2→3)-, α-(2→6)-, α-(2→8)- glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic acid residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It has been shown that PMCA is capable of detecting as little as a single molecule of oligomeric infectious PrP. PMCA possesses the ability to generate millions infectious units, starting with the equivalent to one PrP oligomer; well below the infectivity threshold. This data demonstrates that PMCA has a similar power... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The factors affecting V̇O may be separated into supply and demand. Supply is the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the mitochondria (combining pulmonary function, cardiac output, blood volume, and capillary density of the skeletal muscle) while demand is the rate at which the mitochondria can reduce oxygen in the p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Variation in methylation states of DNA can alter gene expression levels significantly. Methylation variation usually occurs through the action of DNA methylases. When the change is heritable, it is considered epigenetic. When the change in information status is not heritable, it would be a somatic epitype. The effectiv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MLST appears best in population genetic study but it is expensive. Due to the sequence conservation in housekeeping genes, MLST sometimes lacks the discriminatory power to differentiate bacterial strains, which limits its use in epidemiological investigations. To improve the discriminatory power of MLST, a multi-virule... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The desired activity of a drug is mainly due to successful targeting of one of the following:
*Cellular membrane disruption
*Chemical reaction with downstream effects
*Interaction with enzyme proteins
*Interaction with structural proteins
*Interaction with carrier proteins
*Interaction with ion channels
*Ligand binding... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The downfall of the overall cyclol model generally led to a rejection of its elements; one notable exception was J. D. Bernal's short-lived acceptance of the Langmuir-Wrinch hypothesis that protein folding is driven by hydrophobic association. Nevertheless, cyclol bonds were identified in small, naturally occurring cyc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Molecular glue compounds have demonstrated significant potential in cancer treatment by influencing protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and subsequently modulating pathways promoting cancer growth. These compounds act as targeted protein degraders, contributing to the development of innovative cancer therapies. The hig... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although this term is also sometimes used interchangeably with exon, it is not the exact same thing: the exon is composed of the coding region as well as the 3 and 5 untranslated regions of the RNA, and so therefore, an exon would be partially made up of coding regions. The 3 and 5 untranslated regions of the RNA, whic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although the free-water method likely contains some benthic metabolic signal, isolating the benthic contribution to whole-lake metabolism requires benthic-specific methods. Analogous to the light and dark bottle methods described above, lake sediment cores can be collected and changes in dissolved oxygen or carbon fixa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Following completion of his PhD degree, Oesper taught for a brief time at New York University and then at Smith College as a non-tenure track faculty member. He then in 1918 became a tenure track faculty member and later a full professor at the University of Cincinnati, where he remained until his retirement in 1951 as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alkaliphiles maintain cytosolic acidification through both passive and active means. In passive acidification, it has been proposed that cell walls contain acidic polymers composed of residues such as galacturonic acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and phosphoric acid. Together, these residues form an a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Nematoda: Ascaris, Caenorhabditis ;
* Mollusca: Bivalvia); Polyplacophora;
* Arthropoda/Crustacea: Artemia;
* Arthropoda/Insecta: Drosophila [<nowiki />Locusta migratoria (migratory locust), Apis mellifera (honeybee)]. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In carbohydrate chemistry carbohydrate acetalisation is an organic reaction and a very effective means of providing a protecting group. The example below depicts the acetalisation reaction of D-ribose 1. With acetone or 2,2-dimethoxypropane as the acetalisation reagent the reaction is under thermodynamic reaction contr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A large number of cloning vectors are available, and choosing the vector may depend upon a number of factors, such as the size of the insert, copy number and cloning method. Large insert may not be stably maintained in a general cloning vector, especially for those with a high copy number, therefore cloning large frag... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Though nitrogen fixation is the primary source of plant-available nitrogen in most ecosystems, in areas with nitrogen-rich bedrock, the breakdown of this rock also serves as a nitrogen source. Nitrate reduction is also part of the iron cycle, under anoxic conditions Fe(II) can donate an electron to and is oxidized to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plasmid vectors are circular strands of DNA, found in virions, that are used in genetic engineering to integrate new genes into a host cell genome.
The small T intron is an intron, that is used in some plasmid vectors, in order to induce gene expression in mammalian cells. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Spent nuclear fuel contains abundant fertile uranium and traces of fissile materials. Methods such as the PUREX process can be used to remove useful actinides for the production of active nuclear fuel.
Another option is to find applications for the isotopes in nuclear waste so as to re-use them. Already, caesium-137, s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mixed alkyl/aryl-halide compounds, which contain a single C-M bond and a C-X bond, are typically prepared by oxidative addition. Magnesium-containing compounds of this configuration are known as the Grignard reagents, though some calcium Grignards are known and more reactive and sensitive to decomposition. Calcium grig... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The field has expanded significantly since the publication in 1973 with biochemists Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer by using E. coli bacteria to learn how to cut fragments, rejoin different fragments, and insert the new genes. The field has expanded tremendously in terms of precision and accuracy since then. Comp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Nucleobase analogues
**Thiopurines such as thioguanine are used to treat acute leukemias and remissions in acute granulocytic leukemias.
***Azathioprine is the main immunosuppressive cytotoxic substance. A prodrug, it is widely used in transplantation to control rejection reactions. It is nonenzymatically cleaved to m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Storms has published more than a hundred journal articles and several books. He has spoken on his work at conferences of the ACS, APS, and ICCF | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Crystallography has 230 space groups to distinguish, far more than the 17 wallpaper groups, but many of the symmetries in the groups are the same. Thus one can use a similar notation for both kinds of groups, that of Carl Hermann and Charles-Victor Mauguin. An example of a full wallpaper name in Hermann-Mauguin style (... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, Sauter mean diameter (SMD) is an average measure of particle size. It was originally developed by German scientist Josef Sauter in the late 1920s. It is defined as the diameter of a sphere that has the same volume/surface area ratio as a particle of interest.
Several methods have been devised to obt... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In particle therapy (proton therapy being one example), energetic ionizing particles (protons or carbon ions) are directed at the target tumor. The dose increases while the particle penetrates the tissue, up to a maximum (the Bragg peak) that occurs near the end of the particle's range, and it then drops to (almost) ze... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The sigma-2 receptor is located in the lipid raft. The sigma-2 receptor is found in several areas of the brain, including high densities in the cerebellum, motor cortex, hippocampus, and substantia nigra. It is also highly expressed in the lungs, liver, and kidneys. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The fastest World War II fighters were the first aircraft to experience Mach tuck. Their wings were not designed to counter Mach tuck because research on supersonic airfoils was just beginning; areas of supersonic flow, together with shock waves and flow separation, were present on the wing. This condition was known ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The plant sorghum is well established model organism and can adapt in hot and dry environments. For this reason, it is used as a model to study calmodulins role in plants. Sorghum contains seedlings that express a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein, SbGRBP. This particular protein can be modulated by using heat as a stre... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metals in Earths inner core could possibly be in the chain-melted state, as suggested by several simulations, where metals such as titanium and iron displayed partially molten states, or quasi-solid properties. It is also possible that Earths mantle may contain metals like potassium in the chain-melted state; however, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation requires that ACC is active. Both AMPK and MCD are inactive and glucose uptake is stimulated. The LCFAs are then rerouted to esterification. These conditions exist in tissues rich in oxygen, in which AMPK is inactive and glucose inactivates the AMPK (researched in skeletal muscle).
Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Selecting an oocyte for in vitro fertilization involves assessing the quality of the oocyte which is usually done by accessing the morphological features of the oocyte. The major parts of the oocyte that are accessed for quality in terms of morphological characteristics are the cumulus cells, zona pellucida, polar body... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nasonov's gland produces a pheromone used in recruitment in worker honeybees. The pheromone can serve the purposes of attracting workers to a settled swarm and draw bees who have lost their way back to the hive. It is used to recruit workers to food that lacks a characteristic scent and lead bees to water sources. The ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The systematic names sulfanediide and sulfide(2−), valid IUPAC names, are determined according to the substitutive and additive nomenclatures, respectively. However, the name sulfide is also used in compositional IUPAC nomenclature which does not take the nature of bonding involved. Examples of such naming include sele... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
River engineering, a branch of civil engineering, deals with the process of planned human intervention to improve and restore rivers for human and environmental needs. With modern technologies, data collection and modelling, navigation can be improved, dredging reduced and new habitats can be created. River engineering... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While the halogens are not nucleophilic in their diatomic form (e.g. I is not a nucleophile), their anions are good nucleophiles. In polar, protic solvents, F is the weakest nucleophile, and I the strongest; this order is reversed in polar, aprotic solvents. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For substances to be regulated and handled appropriately they must be properly classified and labelled. Classification is determined by approved testing measures or calculations and has determined cut-off levels set by governments and scientists (for example, no-observed-adverse-effect levels, threshold limit values, a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The RFU measurements are used, for DNA profiling, in a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two common methods for detection of products in real-time PCR are: (1) non-specific fluorescent dyes that intercalate with any double-stranded DNA, and (2) sequence-specific DNA probes consisting of oligonucleotides that a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fluoroalkenes polymerize more exothermically than normal alkenes. Unsaturated fluorocarbons have a driving force towards sp hybridization due to the electronegative fluorine atoms seeking a greater share of bonding electrons with reduced s character in orbitals. The most famous member of this class is tetrafluoroethyle... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Esters derived from carboxylic acids and alcohols contain a carbonyl group C=O, which is a divalent group at C atom, which gives rise to C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, carboxylic acid esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the early 1900s, Werner Spalteholz developed a technique that allowed the clarification of large tissues, using Wintergrünöl (methyl salicylate) and benzyl benzoate. Over the next hundred years, various scientists introduced their own variations on Spalteholzs technique. Tuchin et al. introduced TOC in 1997, adding ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A polar molecule has a net dipole as a result of the opposing charges (i.e. having partial positive and partial negative charges) from polar bonds arranged asymmetrically. Water (HO) is an example of a polar molecule since it has a slight positive charge on one side and a slight negative charge on the other. The dipol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In physical chemistry and chemical engineering, extent of reaction is a quantity that measures the extent to which the reaction has proceeded. Often, it refers specifically to the value of the extent of reaction when equilibrium has been reached. It is usually denoted by the Greek letter ξ. The extent of reaction is us... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All five families of luminescent beetle, Phengodidae, Rhagophthalidae, Elateridae, Sinopyrophoridae, and Lampyridae are categorized into the Lampyroid clade. It has been determined that the luciferases and luciferin protein expressed in the photocytes of all species of firefly is homologous with that expressed in beetl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Portal site mediated adsorption is a model for site-selective activated gas adsorption in metallic catalytic systems that contain a variety of different adsorption sites. In such systems, low-coordination "edge and corner" defect-like sites can exhibit significantly lower adsorption enthalpies than high-coordination (b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In anti-tank warfare, spalling through mechanical stress is an intended effect of high-explosive squash head (HESH) anti-tank shells and many other munitions, which may not be powerful enough to pierce the armour of a target. The relatively soft warhead, containing or made of plastic explosive, flattens against the arm... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The unique relationship between the compressibility factor and the reduced temperature, , and the reduced pressure, , was first recognized by Johannes Diderik van der Waals in 1873 and is known as the two-parameter principle of corresponding states. The principle of corresponding states expresses the generalization tha... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
German engineers have also devoted special attention to the measurement of the flow in rivers; the Beiträge zur Hydrographie des Königreiches Böhmen (Prague, 1872–1875) of Andreas Rudolf Harlacher contained valuable measurements of this kind, together with a comparison of the experimental results with the formulae of f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Eastern Analytical Symposium and Exposition is sponsored by the following organizations: the Analytical Division of the American Chemical Society, the American Chemical Society New York and New Jersey Sections, the American Microchemical Society, the Chromatography Forum of Delaware Valley, the Coblentz Society, th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Denatured proteins can exhibit a wide range of characteristics, from loss of solubility to protein aggregation. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CoQ is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of any medical condition. However, it is sold as a dietary supplement not subject to the same regulations as medicinal drugs, and is an ingredient in some cosmetics. The manufacture of CoQ is not regulated, and different batches and br... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 2003: Norman J. Zabusky
* 2002: Andrea Prosperetti
* 2001: John Kim
* 2000: Hassan Aref
* 1999: Eli Reshotko
* 1998: David G. Crighton
* 1997: Marvin Emanuel Goldstein
* 1996: Donald Coles
* 1995: Katepalli R. Sreenivasan
* 1994: Philip G. Saffman
* 1993: Robert Kraichnan
* 1992: William C. Reynold... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When choosing between inducing transient or stable expression in cells, time frame and experimental goal must be taken into consideration. Transiently transfected cells are often used to study the effects of short-term gene expression, perform RNA interference (RNAi)‑mediated gene silencing, or quickly generate small-s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Insertion of a SINE upstream of a coding region may result in exon shuffling or changes to the regulatory region of the gene. Insertion of a SINE into the coding sequence of a gene can have deleterious effects and unregulated transposition can cause genetic disease. The transposition and recombination of SINEs and othe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A hydrophile is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water.
In contrast, hydrophobes are not attracted to water and may seem to be repelled by it. Hygroscopics are attracted to water, but are not dissolved by water. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Masri is the former Palestinian Chapter Chairman of the Young Presidents' Organization (YPO). He was named as a "Global Leader of Tomorrow" by the World Economic Forum. Masri serves on the Board of Trustees of An-Najah National University. Masri is a member of the Deans’ Council of the John F. Kennedy School of Governm... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Eudistomin C is a naturally occurring β-carboline derivative which has been found in the Ascidian, Eudistoma Olivaseum. Eudistomin C is a cytotoxic molecule; this cytotoxicity is achieved by the Eudistomin C binds onto the 40S or 80S Ribosomal subunits, which inhibits the process of protein translation, leading to cell... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Missiles typically do not have a preferred plane or direction of maneuver and thus have symmetric airfoils. Since the center of pressure for symmetric airfoils is relatively constant for small angle of attack, missile engineers typically speak of the complete center of pressure of the entire vehicle for stability and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prokaryotic ribosomes begin translation of the mRNA transcript while DNA is still being transcribed. Thus translation and transcription are parallel processes. Bacterial mRNA are usually polycistronic and contain multiple ribosome binding sites. Translation initiation is the most highly regulated step of protein synthe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because the net variation in state properties during a thermodynamic cycle is zero, it forms a closed loop on a PV diagram. A PV diagrams Y axis shows pressure (P) and X axis shows volume (V). The area enclosed by the loop is the work (W') done by the process:
This work is equal to the balance of heat (Q) transferred i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The KRAB domain had initially been identified in 1988 as a periodic array of leucine residues separated by six amino acids 5’ to the zinc finger region of KOX1/ZNF10 coined heptad repeat of leucines (also known as a leucine zipper). Later, this domain was named in association with the C2H2-Zinc finger proteins Krüppel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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