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In molecular biology, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) or classical MAP kinases are widely expressed protein kinase intracellular signalling molecules that are involved in functions including the regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. Many different stimuli, inc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Palladium complexes containing chiral phosphinooxazolines have been shown to be efficient catalysts for the Heck reaction. High yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities have been obtained, with the formation of by-products via C=C bond migration being greatly reduced. Pd-PHOX catalysts have also been used for... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For blast furnaces, direct reduction corresponds to the reduction of oxides by the carbon in the coke. However, in practice, direct reduction only plays a significant role in the final stage of iron reduction in a blast furnace, by helping to reduce wustite (FeO) to iron. In this case, the chemical reaction can be triv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Work has been completed to construct a small craft harbour with double lock to guarantee transit of a large number of fishing vessels when the gates are in operation.
The sea-side basin has been temporarily drained and sealed for use as a construction site to fabricate the gate housing structures, as for the Lido north... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Porous Plate Method is an accurate way to understand capillary pressure relationships in fluid-air systems. In this process, a sample saturated with water is placed on a flat plate, also saturated with water, inside a gas chamber. Gas is injected at increasing pressures, thus displacing the water through the plate.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Observations at the site have led scientists to believe that the area was flooded with water a number of times and was subjected to evaporation and desiccation. In the process sulfates were deposited. After sulfates cemented the sediments, hematite concretions grew by precipitation from groundwater. Some sulfates fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In pre-modern medicine, "diarrhodon" (Gr , "compound of roses", from , "of roses") is a name given to diverse compositions, in which red roses are an ingredient.
Diarrhodon abbatis is a cordial powder, denominated from the Abbot who invented it. It consists of red roses, red and citron santals, lignum aloes, cinnamon, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrogen bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula . It is a hydrogen halide consisting of hydrogen and bromine. A colorless gas, it dissolves in water, forming hydrobromic acid, which is saturated at 68.85% HBr by weight at room temperature. Aqueous solutions that are 47.6% HBr by mass form a constant-boilin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Fe-only hydrogenases are particularly common enzymes for synthetic organometallic chemists to mimic. This interest is motivated by the inclusion of high field ligands like cyano and CO (metal carbonyl) in the first coordination sphere of the pertinent di-iron cluster. Free cyano and carbonyl ligands are toxic to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Macrocycles are very useful in supramolecular chemistry, as they provide whole cavities that can completely surround guest molecules and may be chemically modified to fine-tune their properties.
*Cyclodextrins, calixarenes, cucurbiturils and crown ethers are readily synthesized in large quantities, and are therefore co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Meitner's earliest research began at age eight, when she kept a notebook of her records underneath her pillow. She was particularly drawn to mathematics and science, and first studied colours of an oil slick, thin films, and reflected light. Women were not allowed to attend public institutions of higher education in Vi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plumbides can be formed when lead forms a Zintl phase compound with a more metallic element. One salt that can be formed this way is when cryptand reacts with sodium and lead in ethylenediamine (en) to produce [Pb], which is red in solution.
Lead can also create anions with tin, in a series of anions with the formula [... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Global steel production grew enormously in the 20th century from a mere 28 million tonnes at the beginning of the century to 781 million tons at the end. Per-capita steel consumption in the US peaked in 1977, then fell by half before staging a modest recovery to levels well below the peak. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Studies of ephaptic coupling have also focused on its role in the synchronization and timing of action potentials in neurons. In the simpler case of adjacent fibers that experience simultaneous stimulation the impulse is slowed because both fibers are limited to exchange ions solely with the interstitial fluid (increas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reaction systems that are less efficient or entirely inactive in the absence of carboxylate acids and bases are likely to occur through a concerted metalation protonation reaction pathway. An example of such a reaction with an sp C–H bond that was reported in 2007 by Keith Fagnou and coworkers is an intramolecular cycl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A solution of methyl(cyano)cuprate (Solution A) was prepared as follows: to a suspension of 0.35 g (3.91 mmol) of copper(I) cyanide in 5 mL of tetrahydrofuran under argon at 0° was added dropwise over about 5 minutes 2.76 mL of a solution of methyllithium in ethyl ether (1.4 M, 3.86 mmol). The colorless solution was st... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A special type of hypervalent molecules is hypervalent hydrides. Most known hypervalent molecules contain substituents more electronegative than their central atoms. Hypervalent hydrides are of special interest because hydrogen is usually less electronegative than the central atom. A number of computational studies hav... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The wetted perimeter is the perimeter of the cross sectional area that is "wet". The length of line of the intersection of channel wetted surface with a cross sectional plane normal to the flow direction. The term wetted perimeter is common in civil engineering, environmental engineering, hydrology, geomorphology, and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An important feature that has enabled the broad application of SPPS is the generation of extremely high yields in the coupling step. Highly efficient amide bond-formation conditions are required. To illustrate the impact of suboptimal coupling yields for a given synthesis, consider the case where each coupling step wer... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) is an American 501(c)(3) organization focusing on the prevention of medication errors and promoting safe medication practices. It is affiliated with ECRI. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
E. coli use fermentation pathways as a final option for energy metabolism, as they produce very little energy in comparison to respiration.
Mixed acid fermentation in E. coli occurs in two stages. These stages are outlined by the biological database for E. coli, EcoCyc.
The first of these two stages is a glycolysis re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Green bridges are an ecotechnological in-situ bio remediation system. Their different physical and biological filters work in combination to remove suspended and dissolved impurities of water. Green bridge filters help in reducing the suspended solids by filtration process, reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)/Biochem... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to one vendor, depressants "increase the efficiency of the flotation process by selectively inhibiting the interaction of one mineral with the collector." Thus a typical pulverized ore sample consists of many components, of which only one or a few are targets for the collector. Depressants bind to these other... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a common application, potassium thioacetate is combined with alkylating agents to give thioacetate esters (X = halide):
Hydrolysis of these esters affords thiols:
The thioacetate esters can also be cleaved with methanethiol in the presence of stoichiometric base, as illustrated in the preparation of pent-4-yne-1-thi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When two fluorine atoms are in vicinal (i.e., adjacent) carbons, as in 1,2-difluoroethane (HFCCFH), the gauche conformer is more stable than the anti conformer—this is the opposite of what would normally be expected and to what is observed for most 1,2-disubstituted ethanes; this phenomenon is known as the gauche effec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The fraction collector is typically a rotating rack that can be filled with test tubes or similar containers. It allows samples to be collected in fixed volumes, or can be controlled to direct specific fractions detected as peaks of protein concentration, into separate containers.
Many systems include various optional ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2010, CDP was called "The most powerful green NGO you've never heard of" by the Harvard Business Review. In 2012 it won the Zayed Future Energy Prize. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In thermodynamics, an apparent molar property of a solution component in a mixture or solution is a quantity defined with the purpose of isolating the contribution of each component to the non-ideality of the mixture. It shows the change in the corresponding solution property (for example, volume) per mole of that comp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The main theory that describes the rates of outer sphere electron transfer was developed by Rudolph A. Marcus in the 1950s. A major aspect of Marcus theory is the dependence of the electron transfer rate on the thermodynamic driving force (difference in the redox potentials of the electron-exchanging sites). For most r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chiral Lewis acids have proven useful in the ene reaction. When catalyzed by an achiral Lewis acid, the reaction normally provides good diastereoselectivity.
Good enantioselectivity has been observed when a chiral Lewis acid catalyst is used.
The enantioselectivity is believed to be due to the steric interactions betwe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carboamination is an efficient method to access nitrogen-containing molecules, especially N-heterocycles. (+)-Preussin, a pyrrolidine alkaloid, can be easily prepared via this methodology.
(–)-Tylophorine is another example, which can be synthesized using carboamination reaction. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A biofilm is a community of microorganisms adsorbed to a surface. Microorganisms in biofilms are enclosed in a polymeric matrix consisting of exopolysaccharides, extracellular DNA and proteins. Seconds after a surface (usually metal) is placed in a solution, inorganic and organic molecules adsorb onto the surface. Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The lake is mostly underlain by a mix of volcanic and plutonic igneous rock. Most of it is the same Archean basalt greenstone belt that predominates in the Yellowknife area. Running through the central portion from north northeast, under the heritage centre and Legislative Assembly building, to south southwest is a nar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The northern and southern hemispheres have atmospheric circulation systems that are sufficiently independent of each other that there is a noticeable time lag in mixing between the two. The atmospheric / ratio is lower in the southern hemisphere, with an apparent additional age of about 40 years for radiocarbon results... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
η-bonding is the most common motif seen in coordination chemistry of dioxygen. Such complexes can be generated by treating low-valent metal complexes with oxygen. For example, Vaska's complex reversibly binds O (Ph = CH):
:IrCl(CO)(PPh) + O IrCl(CO)(PPh)O
The conversion is described as a 2 e redox process: Ir(I) con... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The melanocortin system is one of the mammalian body's tools to regulate food intake in a push-pull fashion. The only neurons known to release melanocortins are located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. However, [https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(15)50783-5/pdf melanocortins are also produced by ke... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A method for phenolic content quantification is volumetric titration. An oxidizing agent, permanganate, is used to oxidize known concentrations of a standard solution, producing a standard curve. The content of the unknown phenols is then expressed as equivalents of the appropriate standard.
Some methods for quantifica... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Jameson Cell can be used for the reverse flotation of silica from iron ore, where flotation columns have traditionally been used. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The reaction mechanism is not clearly understood, but the textbook mechanism revolves around a palladium cycle which is in agreement with the "classical" cross-coupling mechanism, and a copper cycle, which is less well known. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson FRS (14 July 1921 – 26 September 1996) was a Nobel laureate English chemist who pioneered inorganic chemistry and homogeneous transition metal catalysis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During operation of an electrochemical cell, chemical energy is transformed into electrical energy. This can be expressed mathematically as the product of the cells emf E measured in volts (V) and the electric charge Q' transferred through the external circuit.
:Electrical energy = EQ
Q is the cell current integrated o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aluminium (or aluminum) metal is very rare in native form, and the process to refine it from ores is complex, so for most of human history it was unknown. However, the compound alum has been known since the 5th century BCE and was used extensively by the ancients for dyeing. During the Middle Ages, its use for dyeing m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In ecology, the term productivity refers to the rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem, usually expressed in units of mass per volume (unit surface) per unit of time, such as grams per square metre per day (g m d). The unit of mass can relate to dry matter or to the mass of generated carbon. The productivity of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The teapot effect, also known as dribbling, is a fluid dynamics phenomenon that occurs when a liquid being poured from a container runs down the spout or the body of the vessel instead of flowing out in an arc.
Markus Reiner coined the term "teapot effect" in 1956 to describe the tendency of liquid to dribble down the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many prior technologies exist for preparing wide-gap diamond for use in electronic devices or as a substrate for single-crystal diamond growth. The more stable forms of carbon have lower gaps and different crystal structures, and their presence must be carefully controlled. The Marchywka Effect has been characterised a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A static gas mass spectrometer is one in which a gaseous sample for analysis is fed into the source of the instrument and then left in the source without further supply or pumping throughout the analysis. This method can be used for stable isotope analysis of light gases (as above), but it is particularly used in the i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
EPA first listed MTBE in 1998 as a candidate for development of a national Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) standard in drinking water. As of 2020 the agency has not announced whether it will develop an MCL. EPA uses toxicity data in developing MCLs for public water systems.
California established a state-level MCL for ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
AUFS is an arbitrary but ubiquitous unit of UV absorbance intensity. It can be used in chemical analysis to quantify components in a mixture, as each components' integrated peak area correspond to their relative abundance. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Autophagy modulators are one type of method to enhance host cell functions. Pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), will be degraded in the autophagosome during an effective host response that will clear the bacteria. Because bacteria and other pathogens like MTB can take over cellular responses like autophag... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Native ironwork in the Northwest Coast has been found in places like the Ozette Indian Village Archeological Site, where iron chisels and knives were discovered. These artifacts seem to have been crafted around 1613, based on the dendrochronological analysis of associated pieces of wood in the site, and were made out o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
4-Nitrophenol irritates the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. It may also cause inflammation of those parts. It has a delayed interaction with blood and forms methaemoglobin which is responsible for methemoglobinemia, potentially causing cyanosis, confusion, and unconsciousness. When ingested, it causes abdominal pain... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microarrays usually consist of a grid of short nucleotide oligomers, known as "probes", typically arranged on a glass slide. Transcript abundance is determined by hybridisation of fluorescently labelled transcripts to these probes. The fluorescence intensity at each probe location on the array indicates the transcript ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most common method is alkaline lysis, which involves the use of a high concentration of a basic solution, such as sodium hydroxide, to lyse the bacterial cells. When bacteria are lysed under alkaline conditions (pH 12.0–12.5) both chromosomal DNA and protein are denatured; the plasmid DNA however, remains stable. S... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SIR3 is principally involved in heterochromatin spreading, the silencing activity of the SIR protein complex. When overexpressed, SIR3 leads to spreading beyond the normal nucleation site. SIR3 can continue to operate at very low levels of SIR2 and SIR4, but not without them. It preferentially binds to unmodified nucle... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Microthermometry is the process of reheating a melt inclusion to its original melt temperature and then rapidly quenching to form a homogenous glass phase free of daughter minerals or vapor bubbles that may have been originally contained within the melt inclusion. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aldehydes are commonly generated by alcohol oxidation. Industry oxidizes methanol to formaldehyde on a large scale, and, in the Wacker process, ethylene to acetaldehyde in the presence of copper and palladium catalysts (acetaldehyde is also produced on a large scale by acetylene hydration). "Green" and cheap oxygen is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Non-viral methods present certain advantages over viral methods, with simple large scale production and low host immunogenicity being just two. Previously, low levels of transfection and expression of the gene held non-viral methods at a disadvantage; however, recent advances in vector technology have yielded molecules... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many, but not all, diesel trains use only friction brakes (as do cars and trucks) to slow or stop the train. This wears the discs and pads, introducing particulates into the atmosphere. Electric trains predominantly use the motors in regeneration mode to slow the train, producing almost zero particulates. The technolog... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ruppeiner geometry is thermodynamic geometry (a type of information geometry) using the language of Riemannian geometry to study thermodynamics. George Ruppeiner proposed it in 1979. He claimed that thermodynamic systems can be represented by Riemannian geometry, and that statistical properties can be derived from the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid mechanics, Kelvins minimum energy theorem (named after William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin who published it in 1849) states that the steady irrotational motion of an incompressible fluid occupying a simply connected region has less kinetic energy than any other motion with the same normal component of velocity a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Full spectral imaging (FSI) is a form of imaging spectroscopy and is the successor to hyperspectral imaging. Full spectral imaging was developed to improve the capabilities of remote sensing including Earth remote sensing. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A sonic black hole, sometimes called a dumb hole or acoustic black hole, is a phenomenon in which phonons (sound perturbations) are unable to escape from a region of a fluid that is flowing more quickly than the local speed of sound. They are called sonic, or acoustic, black holes because these trapped phonons are anal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Research on the cytotoxic and anticlastogenic activities of the cyclamen genus has been limited. In the 1950s and 1960s little research was done on the toxic saponin cyclamin, but no further investigation has recently been performed. Cyclamin, a triterpenoid pentasaccharidic saponin, has previously been extracted from ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death. In 2013, an estimate of 17.3 million deaths per year out of the 54 million total deaths was caused by cardiovascular diseases, meaning that 31.5% of the world's total death was caused by this. Often, the only viable treatment for end-stage heart failure is organ tran... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Increased endocannabinoid signaling within the central nervous system promotes sleep-inducing effects. Intercerebroventricular administration of anandamide in rats has been shown to decrease wakefulness and increase slow-wave sleep and REM sleep. Administration of anandamide into the basal forebrain of rats has also be... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most analytical instruments produce a signal even when a blank (matrix without analyte) is analyzed. This signal is referred to as the noise level. The instrument detection limit (IDL) is the analyte concentration that is required to produce a signal greater than three times the standard deviation of the noise level. T... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many limepits were sunken in the ground at a depth of between 2.5 and 5 meters and 3 to 4.5 meters in diameter, in a circular fashion, and some were built with a retaining wall along the inside for support, usually constructed of uncut field-stones. Simpler limepits were made without supportive walls. In the following ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methyl metabolism is very ancient and can be found in all organisms on earth, from bacteria to humans, indicating the importance of methyl metabolism for physiology. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of global methylation in species ranging from human, mouse, fish, fly, roundworm, plant, algae, and cyanobacteria cause... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Geostationary Carbon Cycle Observatory (GeoCarb) was an intended NASA Venture-class Earth observation mission that was designed to measure the carbon cycle. Originally intended to be mounted on a commercial geostationary communication satellite operated by SES S.A., a lack of hosting opportunities drove NASA to seek a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier ( ; ; 26 August 17438 May 1794), also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution, was a French nobleman and chemist who was central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and who had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology.
It is generally accepted ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mitochondria and other membranous organelles are normally enriched in the PNP region of peripheral myelinated axons, especially those large caliber axons. The actual physiological role of this accumulation and factors that regulate it are not understood; however, it is known that mitochondria are usually present in are... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An antagonist of a prostaglandin E2 receptor has been shown to serve as an affective contraceptive for female macaques while unaffecting their menstrual cyclicity as well as hormonal patterns. The exact reason behind the reduced amount of successful pregnancies of primates during the study is unclear due a number of po... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Euro banknotes are recommended since it is made of paper and it is legally permitted to artistically mutilate it or burn in small amounts. Moreover, there are no depictions of any persons on the banknotes.
Aside from banknotes, a similar experiment can be performed by using towels, paper or exam paper. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Kantrowitz limit demonstrates the amount of contraction, or change in two-dimensional cross-section area, that a hypersonic inlet can employ while successfully starting an engine inlet (or avoiding the expelling of the hypersonic inlet shock wave). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As a dis-Ability rights activist, Perera has promoted the concept of establishing a society that does not marginalise or discriminate against people on the basis of limited mobility, either for short time, or long time or life time in attending to normal day-to-day life – the principal problem in this context.
He is a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Blood based protein biomarkers are often used as a diagnostic test that usually monitor one or more protein that are indicative of the presence of disease or disorder or the presence of a disease/disorder subphtnotype. Such a Blood based protein biomarker-based test can aoften be used Bas prognosticator of disease ou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Normally, when a metallic material cools, the individual atoms solidify in strong, repeating patterns to form a crystalline solid. However, in melt spinning, the melt is quenched (cooled) so rapidly that the atoms don't have time to form these ordered structures before they completely solidify. Instead, the atoms are s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The hybrid flow battery uses one or more electroactive components deposited as a solid layer. The major disadvantage is the loss decoupled energy and power as seen in full flow batteries from using a solid state electrode. The cell contains one battery electrode and one fuel cell electrode. This type is limited in ener... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Charge modulation spectroscopy is an electro-optical spectroscopy technique tool. It is used to study the charge carrier behavior of organic field-effect transistors. It measures the charge introduced optical transmission variation by directly probing the accumulation charge at the burning interface of semiconductor an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SRAS (spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy) a non-destructive acoustic microscopy microstructural-crystallographic characterization technique commonly used in the study of crystalline or polycrystalline materials. The technique can provide information about the structure and crystallographic orientation of the mate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The shock wave may be described as a compression front in a supersonic flow field, and the flow process across the front results in an abrupt change in fluid properties. The thickness of the shock wave is comparable to the mean free path of the gas molecules in the flow field. In other words, shock is a thin region whe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Slow-tight inhibition occurs when the initial enzyme–inhibitor complex EI undergoes conformational isomerism (a change in shape) to a second more tightly held complex, EI*, but the overall inhibition process is reversible. This manifests itself as slowly increasing enzyme inhibition. Under these conditions, traditional... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The elements of the space group fixing a point of space are the identity element, reflections, rotations and improper rotations, including inversion points. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RNA may be too complex to be the first nucleic acid, so before the RNA world several simpler nucleic acids that differ in the backbone, such as GNA, PNA, and TNA have been offered as candidates for the first nucleic acids. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys.
Metallurgy encompasses both the science and the technology of metals, including the production of metals and th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Supercritical angle fluorescence microscopy (SAF) is a technique to detect and characterize fluorescent species (proteins, biomolecules, pharmaceuticals, etc.) and their behaviour close or even adsorbed or linked at surfaces. The method is able to observe molecules in a distance of less than 100 to 0 nanometer from the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Two effects which are closely related to pyroelectricity are ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity. Normally materials are very nearly electrically neutral on the macroscopic level. However, the positive and negative charges which make up the material are not necessarily distributed in a symmetric manner. If the sum o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Project SUNSHINE was a series of research studies that began in 1953 to ascertain the impact of radioactive fallout on the worlds population. The project was initially kept secret, and only became known publicly in 1956. Commissioned jointly by the United States Atomic Energy Commission and USAF Project Rand, SUNSHINE ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The simplest liquid crystal phase is the nematic. In a nematic phase, organic molecules lack a crystalline positional order, but do self-align with their long axes roughly parallel. The molecules are free to flow and their center of mass positions are randomly distributed as in a liquid, but their orientation is const... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mandelonitrile, with the formula CHCH(OH)CN, occurs in small amounts in the pits of some fruits. Related cyanogenic glycosides are known, such as amygdalin.
Glycolonitrile, also called hydroxyacetonitrile or formaldehyde cyanohydrin, is the organic compound with the formula HOCHCN. It is the simplest cyanohydrin, being... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since the deep sea cores became available in the 1960s, paleoclimatic indices of planktonic foraminifera from marine sediments have been used for paleoclimatic reconstruction. Among the early pioneers to apply foraminifera latitudinal abundances, Ericson and Wollin (1968) succeeded in establishing the Pleistocene glaci... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to the similar aqueous chemistries of aluminium and iron, it has been long thought that an analogous iron polycation should be isolatable from water. Moreover, in 2007, the structure of ferrihydrite was determined and shown to be built of iron Keggin ions. This further captured scientists' imagination and drive to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Technical journals published on behalf of ASM include:
* Alloy Digest
* International Materials Reviews (IMR)
* Journal of Failure Analysis & Prevention (JFAP)
* Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance (JMEP)
* Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion (JPED)
* Journal of Thermal Spray Technology (JTST)
* Meta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The effects of anaerobic corrosion are evident when evaluating the safety of chemical waste disposal. Currently, the permanent disposal of nuclear waste is commonly in deep geological repositories (DGR) that use copper coating to prevent metal corrosion. In the DGR, four major types of corrosion are expected to occur, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Except in acid or siliceous igneous rocks containing greater than 66% of silica, known as felsic rocks, quartz is not abundant in igneous rocks. In basic rocks (containing 20% of silica or less) it is rare for them to contain as much silicon, these are referred to as mafic rocks. If magnesium and iron are above average... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mill scale is sought after by select abstract expressionist artists as its effect on steel can cause unpredicted and seemingly random abstract organic visual effects. Although the majority of mill scale is removed from steel during its passage through scale breaker rolls during manufacturing, smaller structurally inco... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Dietary Reference Intakes, which is the "highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects" specify 10 mg/day for most people, corresponding to 10 L of fluoridated water with no risk. For young children the values are sma... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
S&S has also been used in RNA splicing research in many animals and plants.
The mRNA splicing plays a fundamental role in gene functional regulation. Very recently, it has been shown that A to G conversions at splice sites can lead to mRNA mis-splicing in Arabidopsis. The splicing and exon–intron junction prediction co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Coupon holders are used to fix corrosion coupons inside a pipe or tank and attaches itself to a solid plug or hollow plug. They are usually made from stainless steel 316/316L or Monel and inconel or other corrosion resistant materials. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2003, ATSDR released public health assessments that evaluated the potential health effects of pollution left behind by the United States Navy in Vieques, Puerto Rico. The public health assessments noted that residents of the island were exposed to environmental contamination at such low levels that no harmful health... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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