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An eluotropic series, which orders solvents by how much they move compounds, can help in selecting a mobile phase. Solvents are also divided into solvent selectivity groups. Using solvents with different elution strengths or different selectivity groups can often give very different results. While single-solvent mobile... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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If a solid body is modeled by a constant field and the structure of the field is such that it has a penetrable core, then
Here is the position of the dividing surface, is the external force field, simulating a solid, is the field value deep in the solid, , is the Boltzmann constant, and is the temperature.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Paracelsus, a 16th-century Swiss alchemist, experimented with various opium concoctions, and recommended opium for reducing pain. One of his preparations, a pill which he extolled as his "archanum" or "laudanum", may have contained opium. Paracelsus' laudanum was strikingly different from the standard laudanum of the 1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Overall measurements from OCO-3 will help quantify sources and sinks of carbon dioxide from terrestrial ecosystems, the oceans, and from anthropogenic sources. Due to the ISS orbit, measurements will be made at latitudes less than 52°. Data from OCO-3 are expected to significantly improve understanding of global emissi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2009, HSA was recognized by the Environmental Business Journal with a Technology Merit Award in the category of remediation for the invention of MAGS technology. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Respirometry depends on a "what goes in must come out" principle. Consider a closed system first. Imagine that we place a mouse into an air-tight container. The air sealed in the container initially contains the same composition and proportions of gases that were present in the room: 20.95% O, 0.04% CO, water vapor (th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Inorganic phosphites (containing ) have been applied to crops to combat fungus-like pathogens of the order oomycetes (water molds). The situation is confusing because of the similarity in name between phosphite and phosphate (a major plant nutrient and fertilizer ingredient), and controversial because phosphites have ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tryptophan-rich sensory proteins (TspO) are a family of proteins that are involved in transmembrane signalling. In either prokaryotes or mitochondria they are localized to the outer membrane, and have been shown to bind and transport dicarboxylic tetrapyrrole intermediates of the haem biosynthetic pathway. They are ass... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In inorganic chemistry, mineral hydration is a reaction which adds water to the crystal structure of a mineral, usually creating a new mineral, commonly called a hydrate.
In geological terms, the process of mineral hydration is known as retrograde alteration and is a process occurring in retrograde metamorphism. It com... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ASBMB gives out an array of annual awards in different categories.
* Lemberg Medal - after 5 years' membership for significant contribution
* Shimadzu Research Medal - within 15 years post-PhD graduation
* Eppendorf Edman ECR Award - within 7 years post-PhD
* SDR Scientific Education Award - education (especially innov... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The tripartite motif is always present at the N-terminus of the TRIM proteins. The TRIM motif includes the following three domains:
* (1) a RING finger domain
* (2) one or two B-box zinc finger domains
** when only one B-box is present, it is always a type-2 B-box
** when two B-boxes are present the type-1 B-Box always... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
STAT4 binds to hundreds of sites in the genome, among others to the promoters of genes for cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF), receptors (IL18R1, IL12rβ2, IL18RAP), and signaling factors (MYD88). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The transition to the Late Bronze Age brought societal change to the British Isles, and also apparently increased availability of gold, which led to a trend to much larger and more massive pieces. The largest were jewellery worn round the neck in a range of styles, the most ostentatious wide flat collars or gorgets wit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Encyclopædia Britannica, 14th ed.
* J. Day & R. F. Tylecote (eds.), The Industrial Revolution in Metals (1991)
* P. W. King, "The Cupola at Bristol", Somerset Araeology and Natural History 140 (for 1997), 37–52
* P. W. King, "Sir Clement Clerke and the Adoption of coal in metallurgy", Transactions of the Newcomen Soc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are many Next Generation Sequencing sequencing platforms available, postdating classical Sanger sequencing methodologies. Other platforms include Roche 454 sequencer and Life Technologies SOLiD systems, the Life Technologies Ion Torrent and Illuminas Illumina Genome Analyzer II (defunct) and subsequent Illumina M... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most common and most important cryptand is ; the systematic IUPAC name for this compound is 1,10-diaza-4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane. This compound is termed [[2.2.2-Cryptand|[2.2.2]cryptand]], where the numbers indicate the number of ether oxygen atoms (and hence binding sites) in each of the th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because it is so readily made by heating limestone, lime must have been known from the earliest times, and all the early civilizations used it in building mortars and as a stabilizer in mud renders and floors. According to finds at 'Ain Ghazal in Jordan, Yiftahel in Israel, and Abu Hureyra in Syria dating to 7500–6000 ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
-Photo-leucine resembles -leucine in its structure. However, the latter contains a photo-activatable diazirine ring, which the former does not, and which yields a reactive carbene after the light-induced loss of nitrogen, fact that confers -photo-leucine its properties. This photo-reactive amino acid is synthesized by ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cold hardening is the physiological and biochemical process by which an organism prepares for cold weather. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To recognize individuals and groups in a number of areas, WEF sponsors awards in the categories of: Published Papers; Operational and Design Excellence; Education; Individual Service and Contribution; Fellows; Organization and Association Recognition; National Municipal Stormwater and Green Infrastructure, as well as C... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Above the liquidus temperature, the material is homogeneous and liquid at equilibrium. As the system is cooled below the liquidus temperature, more and more crystals will form in the melt if one waits a sufficiently long time, depending on the material. Alternately, homogeneous glasses can be obtained through sufficien... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Before 1800 A.D., the iron and steel industry was located where raw material, power supply and running water were easily available. After 1950, the iron and steel industry began to be located on large areas of flat land near sea ports. The history of the modern steel industry began in the late 1850s. Since then, steel ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The test method involves variables limiting reproducibility. Tests normally show observations varying plus or minus ten to twenty percent around the mean. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trimethylsilyl chloride is used to prepare other trimethylsilyl halides and pseudohalides, including trimethylsilyl fluoride, trimethylsilyl bromide, trimethylsilyl iodide, trimethylsilyl cyanide, trimethylsilyl azide, and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf). These compounds are produced by a salt metath... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
adopts three structures, depending on the temperature and the state (solid, liquid, gas). Solid has a sheet-like layered structure with cubic close-packed chloride ions. In this framework, the Al centres exhibit octahedral coordination geometry. Yttrium(III) chloride adopts the same structure, as do a range of other c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The number of entities (symbol N) in a one-mole sample equals the Avogadro number (symbol N), a dimensionless quantity.
Historically, N approximates the number of nucleons (protons or neutrons) in one gram of ordinary matter.
The Avogadro constant (symbol ) has numerical multiplier given by the Avogadro number with the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Levofloxacin and later generation fluoroquinolones are collectively referred to as "respiratory quinolones" to distinguish them from earlier fluoroquinolones which exhibited modest activity toward the important respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae.
The drug exhibits enhanced activity against the important resp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phillips started his academic career as an assistant professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, followed by his appointment as a professor of biochemistry at Rice University in 1987. In 1993, he assumed the position of Rice Scientia Lecturer, subsequently receiving the Robert A. Welch Lecturer appointmen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Absolute electrode potential, in electrochemistry, according to an IUPAC definition, is the electrode potential of a metal measured with respect to a universal reference system (without any additional metal–solution interface). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* A Tentative Theory of Metallic Whisker Growth University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Received 4 June 1953 The American Physical Society
* Collected Works of J. D. Eshelby, Mechanics of Defects and Inhomogeneities, Springer (2006), Xanthippi Markenscoff and Anurag Gupta (Eds.)
* J. D. Eshelby, "The continuum theo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hyperglycemia, a side effect caused by diabetes, combines with oxidative stress to create advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) that can lead to diabetic retinopathy (RD) and cause symptoms such as blindness in adults.
The manipulation of the glyoxalase system in mice retina has shown there is a potential for targetin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing protein 2 (i.e. CMTM2), previously termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 2 ( i.e. CKLFSF2), is a member of the CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTM) of proteins. In humans, it is encoded by the CMTM2 gene located in band 22 on the long (i.e. "... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nilutamide is a nitroaromatic hydantoin analog of flutamide, as seen in figure 5. Nilutamide is eliminated exclusively by metabolism, mainly by reduction of the aromatic nitro group. Although the hydrolysis of one of the carbonyl functions of the imidazolinedione was identified, it is much less susceptible to hepatic m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The final step regards analysis of data and storage: after obtaining the sequencing reads, UMI and index sequences are automatically removed from the reads and their quality is analyzed by PHRED (software able to evaluate the quality of the sequencing process); reads can then be mapped or aligned to a reference genome ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The protein is 273 amino acids in length with the first 23 residues acting as a signal peptide which is subsequently cleaved. It has a Uniprot accession of [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P02872 P02872]. There are over 20 structures of this protein in the PDB which reveal and all beta-sheet protein with a tetrameric q... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Singled-layered systems of this type are drained by a multi-layer fabric mat called a “drainage mat” that combines soil separation, drainage, and protection functions. Current research suggests that the depth of the soil media, material, and number of layers affect the success rate of an individual green or SCV roof. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ammonia fixed as part of the glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme reaction in the neurons is transaminated into α-ketoisocaproate to form the branched-chain amino acid leucine, which is exported to the astrocytes, where the process is reversed. α-ketoisocaproate is transported in the other direction. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a multistep reaction, the rate-determining step does not necessarily correspond to the highest Gibbs energy on the reaction coordinate diagram. If there is a reaction intermediate whose energy is lower than the initial reactants, then the activation energy needed to pass through any subsequent transition state depen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
From the structural perspective, haloalkanes can be classified according to the connectivity of the carbon atom to which the halogen is attached. In primary (1°) haloalkanes, the carbon that carries the halogen atom is only attached to one other alkyl group. An example is chloroethane (). In secondary (2°) haloalkanes,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Railways commonly used salt water load banks in the 1950s to test the output power of diesel-electric locomotives. They were subsequently replaced by specially designed resistive load banks. Some early three-phase AC electric locomotives also used liquid rheostats for starting up the motors and balancing load between m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Antimonide bromides or bromide antimonides are compounds containing anions composed of bromide (Br) and antimonide (Sb). They can be considered as mixed anion compounds. They are in the category of pnictidehalides. Related compounds include the antimonide chlorides, antimonide iodides, arsenide chlorides, arsenide brom... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The universal expansion joint can absorb not only axial movements but angular and lateral movements as well. It consists of two metal bellows with an intermediate pipe and connectors on both sides. As a special form of the axial expansion joint, the universal expansion joint has only a limited pressure resistance for s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The C standard provides a convenient unit (the dalton) in which to express nuclear mass for defining the mass excess. However, its usefulness arises in the calculation of nuclear reaction kinematics or decay. Only a small fraction of the total energy that is associated with an atomic nucleus by mass–energy equivalence,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The labeled [F]FDG compound has a relatively short shelf life which is dominated by the physical decay of fluorine-18 with a half-life of 109.8 minutes, or slightly less than two hours. Still, this half life is sufficiently long to allow shipping the compound to remote PET scanning facilities, in contrast to other medi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In marine and freshwater ecology, a particle is a small object. Particles can remain in suspension in the ocean or freshwater. However, they eventually settle (rate determined by Stokes' law) and accumulate as sediment. Some can enter the atmosphere through wave action where they can act as cloud condensation nuclei (C... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oseen considered the sphere to be stationary and the fluid to be flowing with a flow velocity () at an infinite distance from the sphere. Inertial terms were neglected in Stokes' calculations. It is a limiting solution when the Reynolds number tends to zero. When the Reynolds number is small and finite, such as 0.1, co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Secondary clarifiers following RBCs are identical in design to conventional humus tanks, as used downstream of trickling filters. Sludge is generally removed daily, or pumped automatically to the primary settlement tank for co-settlement. Regular sludge removal reduces the risk of anaerobic conditions from developing ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term nucleic acid is the overall name for DNA and RNA, members of a family of biopolymers, and is synonymous with polynucleotide. Nucleic acids were named for their initial discovery within the nucleus, and for the presence of phosphate groups (related to phosphoric acid). Although first discovered within the nucle... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first part of the reaction mechanism consists of an ordinary nucleophilic aliphatic substitution to produce a gem-halohydrin:
: RCH(Cl) + KOH RCH(OH)Cl + KCl
The remaining halide is a good leaving group and this enables the newly created hydroxy group to convert into a carbonyl group by expelling the halide:
:RCH... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ethanol fermentation produces unharvested byproducts such as heat, carbon dioxide, food for livestock, water, methanol, fuels, fertilizer and alcohols. The cereal unfermented solid residues from the fermentation process, which can be used as livestock feed or in the production of biogas, are referred to as Distillers g... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Classical thermodynamics considers three main kinds of thermodynamic processes: (1) changes in a system, (2) cycles in a system, and (3) flow processes.
(1) A Thermodynamic process is a process in which the thermodynamic state of a system is changed. A change in a system is defined by a passage from an initial to a fi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mass concentration is defined as the mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture :
The SI unit is kg/m (equal to g/L). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nanoparticles of pure metals, oxides, carbides, and nitrides, can be created by vaporizing a solid precursor with a thermal plasma and then condensing the vapor by expansion or quenching in a suitable gas or liquid. The plasma can be produced by dc jet, electric arc, or radio frequency (RF) induction. The thermal plasm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Nyāya school of Hinduism developed and refined many treatises on epistemology that widely influenced other schools of Hinduism. Nyāya treated it as theory of knowledge, and its scholars developed it as Pramana-sastras. Pramana, a Sanskrit word, literally is "means of knowledge". It encompasses one or more reliable ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Around 1750, colonial raw materials poured into the British Isles, and factories began to appear. The earlier hardware with its chiseled and filed details fast gave way to less expensive, but equally functional hardware of similar but unadorned design. H and HL hinges are a good example of this transition.
After the Am... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrohydrogenesis or biocatalyzed electrolysis is the name given to a process for generating hydrogen gas from organic matter being decomposed by bacteria. This process uses a modified fuel cell to contain the organic matter and water. A small amount, 0.2–0.8 V of electricity is used, the original article reports a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In host–guest chemistry, a carceplex is a class of chemical structures in the carcerand family that are hinged, and can be closed using reagents that react with the carceplex and trap precursors of reactive intermediates, and are unreactive with the trapped precursor or reactive intermediate. This is useful for determi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
V. G. Khlopin developed a method of mechanical enrichment to improve the quality of raw barium-radium sulfates rich in silica (together with engineer S. P. Alexandrov). Later, the scientist transformed the Curie-Debierne method of conversion of sulfates into carbonates under the condition of saturation of sulfates with... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Supercritical carbon dioxide is used to enhance oil recovery in mature oil fields. At the same time, there is the possibility of using "clean coal technology" to combine enhanced recovery methods with carbon sequestration. The CO is separated from other flue gases, compressed to the supercritical state, and injected in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The yeast interactome, i.e. all protein–protein interactions among proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been estimated to contain between 10,000 and 30,000 interactions. A reasonable estimate may be on the order of 20,000 interactions. Larger estimates often include indirect or predicted interactions, often from a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Organic photosensitizers are carbon-based molecules which are capable of photosensitizing. The earliest studied photosensitizers were aromatic hydrocarbons which absorbed light in the presence of oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species. These organic photosensitizers are made up of highly conjugated systems which pro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In general, a geometric lattice is an infinite, regular array of vertices (points) in space, which can be modelled vectorially as a Bravais lattice. Some lattices may be skew, which means that their primary lines may not necessarily be at right angles. In reciprocal space, a reciprocal lattice is defined as the set of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Spin exchange optical pumping can continue indefinitely with continuous illumination, but there are several factors that cause relaxation of polarization and thus a return to the thermal equilibrium populations when illumination is stopped. In order to use hyperpolarized noble gases in applications such as lung imaging... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (1970)
* Fellow of the Royal Society (1976), Vice-President 1987-1988
* Chugaev Medal of the Kurnakov Institute (Russian Academy of Sciences) (1978)
* Royal Society of Chemistry’s Ludwig Mond Award (1983)
* American Chemical Society’s award in Inorganic Chemistry (1985)
* Roya... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Paytan was born and raised in Israel. As an undergraduate, Paytan encountered geochemistry which she likens to a big complex puzzle. Paytan obtained undergraduate degrees in geology and biology (1985) and an M.S. in Earth Sciences Oceanography (1989) from Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Paytan's Ph.D. is from Scripps I... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The unlinked galR gene encodes the repressor for this system. A tetrameric GalR repressor binds to 2 operators, one located at +55 and one located at -60 relative to the PG1 start site. Looping of the DNA blocks the access of RNA polymerase to promoters and/or inhibits formation of the open complex. This looping requir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Using the appropriate reagent and conditions, alkyl, alkenyl, allylic, and α-keto sulfones may be reduced in good yield and high stereoselectivity (where applicable). Appropriate conditions for the reduction of these classes of sulfones are discussed below.
Alkyl sulfones may be reduced with sodium or lithium in liquid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wnt signaling and β-catenin dependent gene expression plays a critical role during the formation of different body regions in the early embryo. Experimentally modified embryos that do not express this protein will fail to develop mesoderm and initiate gastrulation.
Early embryos endomesoderm specification also involves... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Proton precession magnetometers, also known as proton magnetometers, PPMs or simply mags, measure the resonance frequency of protons (hydrogen nuclei) in the magnetic field to be measured, due to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Because the precession frequency depends only on atomic constants and the strength of the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diffusiophoresis is the spontaneous motion of colloidal particles or molecules in a fluid, induced by a concentration gradient of a different substance. In other words, it is motion of one species, A, in response to a concentration gradient in another species, B. Typically, A is colloidal particles which are in aqueous... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The basic principles of physics and the Coriolis effect define an approximate geostrophic wind or gradient wind, balanced flows that are parallel to the isobars. Measurements of wind speed and direction at heights well above ground level confirm that wind matches these approximations quite well. However, nearer the Ea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid mechanics, apparent viscosity (sometimes denoted ) is the shear stress applied to a fluid divided by the shear rate:
For a Newtonian fluid, the apparent viscosity is constant, and equal to the Newtonian viscosity of the fluid, but for non-Newtonian fluids, the apparent viscosity depends on the shear rate. App... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CKIα or CKIδ is essential in modulating the nuclear export of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (eIF6), a protein with essential nuclear and cytoplasmic roles in biogenesis of the 60S subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome. Phosphorylation of Ser-174 and Ser-175 by CKI promotes nuclear export of eIF6 while dephosp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nuclear Medicine and Biology is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Elsevier that covers research on all aspects of nuclear medicine, including radiopharmacology, radiopharmacy and clinical studies of targeted radiotracers. It is the official journal of the Society of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences. According to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
False brinelling was first mentioned by Almen in 1937. Almen found that wheel bearings were damaged before they were used by customers. Furthermore, he found that the bearings were more damaged for long-distance shipping of the cars and that the season of shipping also had an influence. The reason for the damaged beari... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An example of a repressor protein is the methionine repressor MetJ. MetJ interacts with DNA bases via a ribbon-helix-helix (RHH) motif. MetJ is a homodimer consisting of two monomers, which each provides a beta ribbon and an alpha helix. Together, the beta ribbons of each monomer come together to form an antiparallel b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
More detailed computation simulations can be carried out accounting for not cellular models, but taking into consideration the functional syncytium and enabling the cells to mutually interact, the so-called electrotonic coupling.
In case of tissue simulation or in wider cases, such as in whole organ simulations, all th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Suitable tripodal compounds, such as trimesic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid, can be converted directly to trisoxazolines. The simplicity of this approach is beneficial, however it only allows a limited variety of structures to be produced, due to the limited range of available starting materials. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pyroelectric charge in minerals develops on the opposite faces of asymmetric crystals. The direction in which the propagation of the charge tends is usually constant throughout a pyroelectric material, but, in some materials, this direction can be changed by a nearby electric field. These materials are said to exhibit ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another area of active research is using TPV as the basis of a thermal storage system. In this concept, electricity being generated in off-peak times is used to heat a large block of material, typically carbon or a phase-change material. The material is surrounded by TPV cells which are in turn backed by a reflector an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sarcalumenin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SRL gene.
Sarcalumenin is a calcium-binding protein that can be found in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle. Sarcalumenin is partially responsible for calcium buffering in the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and helps out calcium pump proteins. A... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In view of its performance, the process seemed a suitable basis for the development of more efficient variants. Around 1940, the Japanese built several small reduction furnaces operating at lower temperatures: one at Tsukiji (1.8 m × 60 m), two at Hachinohe (2 furnaces of 2.8 m × 50 m), and three at Takasago (2 furnace... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Experiments have shown that siphons can operate in a vacuum, via cohesion and tensile strength between molecules, provided that the liquids are pure and degassed and surfaces are very clean. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bacteria containing the plasmid of interest are first cultured, then a sample is centrifuged in order to concentrate cellular material (including DNA) into a pellet at the bottom of the containing vessel. The supernatant is discarded, and the pellet is then re-suspended in an EDTA-containing physiological buffer. The p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Vanillin has been used as a chemical intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and other fine chemicals. In 1970, more than half the world's vanillin production was used in the synthesis of other chemicals. As of 2016, vanillin uses have expanded to include perfumes, flavoring and aromatic masking i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Pattinson process was patented by its inventor, Hugh Lee Pattinson, in 1833 who described it as "An improved method for separating silver from lead". It exploited the fact that in molten lead containing traces of silver the first metal to solidify out of the melt is lead, leaving the remaining liquid richer in silv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Corrosion inhibitors, such as gas-phase or volatile inhibitors, can be used to prevent corrosion inside sealed systems. They are not effective when air circulation disperses them, and brings in fresh oxygen and moisture. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ash content of a sample is a measure of the amount of inorganic noncombustible material it contains. The residues after a sample is completely burnt - in contrast to the ash remaining after incomplete combustion - typically consist of oxides of the inorganic elements present in the original sample. Ash is one of th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the 1990s, Place turned his attention as an illustrator to the creation of tarot decks and began his career as an author. Place is best known as the creator of The Alchemical Tarot, his first deck and book combination, which is illustrated in the style of 17th century alchemical engravings and which presents a paral... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
About 50 ml of concentrated (>12%) hydrogen peroxide is first mixed with liquid soap or dishwashing detergent. Then, a catalyst, often around 10 ml potassium iodide solution or catalase from baker's yeast, is added to make the hydrogen peroxide decompose very quickly. Hydrogen peroxide breaks down into oxygen and water... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Medication is a medicine or a chemical compound used to treat or cure illness. According to Encyclopædia Britannica, medication is "a substance used in treating a disease or relieving pain".
As defined by the National Cancer Institute, dosage forms of medication can include tablets, capsules, liquids, creams, and patch... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP) is one of several hyperpolarization techniques discussed on this page. This technique specializes in creating hyperpolarized (HP) noble gases, such as He, Xe, and quadrupolar Xe, Kr, and Ne. Noble gases are required because SEOP is performed in the gas phase, they are chemically ine... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In decay, or positron emission, the weak interaction converts an atomic nucleus into a nucleus with atomic number decreased by one, while emitting a positron () and an electron neutrino (). decay generally occurs in proton-rich nuclei. The generic equation is:
This may be considered as the decay of a proton inside th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Major developments: The chemical formula for gunpowder is recorded in the Wujing Zongyao by 1044. Bombs appear in the early 11th century. Gunpowder becomes more common in the Song dynasty and production of gunpowder weapons is systematized. The Song court restricts trade of gunpowder ingredients with the Liao and Weste... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Anisomycin interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.
Anisomycin is also mentioned as a potential psychiatric drug, as it may inhibit the consolidation of new context-specific long-term memories, as well as long time consolidated memories rendered labile thr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An SNP array is a useful tool for studying slight variations between whole genomes. The most important clinical applications of SNP arrays are for determining disease susceptibility and for measuring the efficacy of drug therapies designed specifically for individuals. In research, SNP arrays are most frequently used f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dally works as a co-receptor of some secreted signaling molecules as fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and members of the Wnt signaling pathway, TGF-b and Hedgehog families. It is also necessary for the cell division patterning during the post-embryonic development o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A radioactive tracer, radiotracer, or radioactive label is a synthetic derivative of a natural compound in which one or more atoms have been replaced by a radionuclide (a radioactive atom). By virtue of its radioactive decay, it can be used to explore the mechanism of chemical reactions by tracing the path that the rad... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Micromeritic properties of a particle, i.e. the particle size in a formulation, influence the physical stability of the suspensions and emulsions. The smaller the size of the particle, the better the physical stability of the dosage form owing to the Brownian motion of the particles in the dispersion. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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