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Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) is a phenolic acid usually found in Arbutus unedo (strawberry-tree) honey. It is also present in the bacterial plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli as well as in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica where it is associated with the production of brown pigments. I... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The identification of RBSs is used to determine the site of translation initiation in an unannotated sequence. This is referred to as N-terminal prediction. This is especially useful when multiple start codons are situated around the potential start site of the protein coding sequence.
Identification of RBSs is particu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alfred Werner (12 December 1866 – 15 November 1919) was a Swiss chemist who was a student at ETH Zurich and a professor at the University of Zurich. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1913 for proposing the octahedral configuration of transition metal complexes. Werner developed the basis for modern coordinat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors for gene therapy have been developed that mediate stable genetic modification of treated cells by chromosomal integration of the transferred vector genomes. This technology is of use, not only for research purposes, but also for clinical gene therapy aiming at the long-term correc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In human biology, footedness is the natural preference of one's left or right foot for various purposes. It is the foot equivalent of handedness. While purposes vary, such as applying the greatest force in a certain foot to complete the action of kick as opposed to stomping, footedness is most commonly associated with ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The current interest in nontraditional methods for the generation of hydrogen has prompted a revisit of radiolytic splitting of water, where the interaction of various types of ionizing radiation (α, β, and γ) with water produces molecular hydrogen. This reevaluation was further prompted by the current availability of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, usually referred to as just the "Martinos Center," is a major hub of biomedical imaging technology development and translational research. The Center is part of the Department of Radiology at Massachusetts General Hospital and is affiliated with both Harvard Univ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cobalt(II) chloride is an inorganic compound, a salt of cobalt and chlorine, with the formula . The compound forms several hydrates ·n, for n = 1, 2, 6, and 9. Claims of the formation of tri- and tetrahydrates have not been confirmed. The anhydrous form is a blue crystalline solid; the dihydrate is purple and the hexah... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
These include genotoxicity testing, human biomonitoring and molecular epidemiology, ecogenotoxicology, as well as fundamental research in DNA damage and repair. For example, Swain and Rao, using the comet assay reported marked increases in several types of DNA damages in rat brain neurons and astrocytes during aging, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An alternating copolymer has regular alternating A and B units, and is often described by the formula: -A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B-, or -(-A-B-)-. The molar ratio of each monomer in the polymer is normally close to one, which happens when the reactivity ratios r and r are close to zero, as can be seen from the Mayo–Lewis equa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sodium tetrachloroaurate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaAuCl. It is composed of the ions Na and AuCl. It exists in the anhydrous and dihydrate states. At room temperature, it exists as a golden-orange solid. The anhydrous and dihydrate forms are available commercially.
__TOC__ | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Click chemistry is a method for attaching a probe or substrate of interest to a specific biomolecule, a process called bioconjugation. The possibility of attaching fluorophores and other reporter molecules has made click chemistry a very powerful tool for identifying, locating, and characterizing both old and new biomo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In order of net exports in 2011, 2009 and 2006 in thousand bbl/d and thousand m/d:
Source: [http://www.eia.gov/countries/index.cfm?topL=exp US Energy Information Administration]
peak production already passed in this state</small>
Canadian statistics are complicated by the fact it is both an importer and exporter of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several other methods for the electrophilic formation of C-N bonds are available. Nitrites and nitrates can be used to form oximes and nitro compounds, respectively. Additionally, organoboranes can serve the role of the nucleophile and often provide higher yields with fewer complications than analogous carbanions. The ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The French chemist Louis Pasteur founded zymology, when in 1856 he connected yeast to fermentation.
When studying the fermentation of sugar to alcohol by yeast, Pasteur concluded that the fermentation was catalyzed by a vital force, called "ferments", within the yeast cells. The "ferments" were thought to function onl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In momentum transfer, the fluid is treated as a continuous distribution of matter. The study of momentum transfer, or fluid mechanics can be divided into two branches: fluid statics (fluids at rest), and fluid dynamics (fluids in motion).
When a fluid is flowing in the x-direction parallel to a solid surface, the fluid... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In their largest application, an oxime is an intermediate in the industrial production of caprolactam, a precursor to Nylon 6. About half of the world's supply of cyclohexanone, more than a million tonnes annually, is converted to the oxime. In the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst, the oxime undergoes the Beckmann re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most enzymes cannot tolerate extremely high salt concentrations. The ions interfere with the weak ionic bonds of proteins. Typical enzymes are active in salt concentrations of 1-500 mM. As usual there are exceptions such as the halophilic algae and bacteria. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first ARDD conference was held in 2014 at Basel, Switzerland. Then, this conference was known as Aging Forum and it was a part of MipTec and Basel Life Congresses. The conference was intended to bring together the Pharmaceutical industry, leading academics, Investors and Startups. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Roshko determined the correlation below from experiments on the flow of air around circular cylinders over range Re=50 to Re=2000:
: valid over [ 50 <= Re < 200]
: valid over [200 <= Re < 2000]
Ormières and Provansal investigated vortex shedding in the wake of a sphere and found a relationship between Re and Ro in the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The UK government aims to decarbonize all rail transport by 2040, a measure that has broad parliamentary support. In September 2019, Transport Scotland announced the goal of having Scottish transport net carbon neutral by the year 2035. This would be achieved by a rolling programme of electrification; where that is not... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In cylindrical coordinates, the divergence of the velocity field u becomes:
as expected for an incompressible flow.
And in spherical coordinates: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The sum of molar concentrations gives the total molar concentration, namely the density of the mixture divided by the molar mass of the mixture or by another name the reciprocal of the molar volume of the mixture. In an ionic solution, ionic strength is proportional to the sum of the molar concentration of salts. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mathematical predictions by H. Peregrine had initially been established in the domain of hydrodynamics. This is however very different from where the Peregrine soliton has been for the first time experimentally generated and characterized. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The element carbon plays a central role in climate and life on Earth. It is capable of moving among and between the geosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere. This flow of carbon is referred to as the Earths carbon cycle. It is also intimately linked to the cycling of other elements and compounds. Th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This cost/benefit tradeoff of alarm calling behaviour has sparked many interest debates among evolutionary biologists seeking to explain the occurrence of such apparently "self-sacrificing" behaviour. The central question is this: "If the ultimate purpose of any animal behaviour is to maximize the chances that an organ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lipotropic compounds are those that help catalyse the breakdown of fat during metabolism in the body. A lipotropic nutrient promotes or encourages the export of fat from the liver. Lipotropics are necessary for maintenance of a healthy liver, and for burning the exported fat for additional energy. Without lipotropics, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Total suspended solids (TSS) is the dry-weight of suspended particles, that are not dissolved, in a sample of water that can be trapped by a filter that is analyzed using a filtration apparatus known as sintered glass crucible. TSS is a water quality parameter used to assess the quality of a specimen of any type of wat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While disposal into exhausted open pits is generally a straightforward operation, disposal into underground voids is more complex. A common modern approach is to mix a certain quantity of tailings with waste aggregate and cement, creating a product that can be used to backfill underground voids and stopes. A common ter... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In proton NMR spectroscopy, deuterated solvent (enriched to >99% deuterium) is typically used to avoid recording a large interfering signal or signals from the proton(s) (i.e., hydrogen-1) present in the solvent itself. If nondeuterated chloroform (containing a full equivalent of protium) were used as solvent, the solv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although additional research is required to improve the efficiency of prime editing, the technology offers promising scientific improvements over other gene editing tools. The prime editing technology has the potential to correct the vast majority of pathogenic alleles that cause genetic diseases, as it can repair inse... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MIKE FLOOD can be used for river-flood plain interaction, integrated urban drainage and river modeling, urban flood analysis and detailed dam break studies. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* DUSP1, DUSP2, DUSP3, DUSP4, DUSP5, DUSP6, DUSP7, DUSP8, DUSP9
* DUSP10, DUSP11, DUSP12, DUSP13, DUSP14, DUSP15, DUSP16, DUSP18, DUSP19
* DUSP21, DUSP22, DUSP23, DUSP26, DUSP27, DUSP28 | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metals, and specifically rare-earth elements, form numerous chemical complexes with boron. Their crystal structure and chemical bonding depend strongly on the metal element M and on its atomic ratio to boron. When B/M ratio exceeds 12, boron atoms form B icosahedra which are linked into a three-dimensional boron framew... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The advantage in atom economy of using NCAs for peptide formation is that there is no need for a protecting group on the functional group reacted with the amino acid. For example, the Merrifield synthesis depends on the use of Boc and Bzl protecting groups, which need be removed after the reaction. In the case of Baile... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A melt inclusion is a small parcel or "blobs" of melt(s) that is entrapped by crystals growing in magma and eventually forming igneous rocks. In many respects it is analogous to a fluid inclusion within magmatic hydrothermal systems. Melt inclusions tend to be microscopic in size and can be analyzed for volatile conten... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In general, the free-stream velocity is uniform, in other words , but here a small vorticity is imposed in the outer flow. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrophobic interactions in protein SEC are relatively weak at low ionic strength, electrostatic effects may contribute significantly to retention, and this allows us to use an SEC column as a weak ion exchanger. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ortho esters are readily hydrolyzed in mild aqueous acid to form esters:
: RC(OR′) + HO → RCOR′ + 2 R′OH
For example, trimethyl orthoformate CH(OCH) may be hydrolyzed (under acidic conditions) to methyl formate and methanol; and may be further hydrolyzed (under alkaline conditions) to salts of formic acid and methanol. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Engineers can use the Brinell hardness of materials in their calculations to avoid this mode of failure. A rolling element bearing's static load rating is defined to avoid this failure type. Increasing the number of elements can provide better distribution of the load, so bearings intended for a large load may have man... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
He studied philosophy and law in Vienna. After finishing his studies he started further studies at the Bergakademie (Mining Academy) in Schemnitz (Selmecbánya), Lower Hungary (today Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia) in 1763. He studied mining, mechanics, mineralogy and chemistry and after graduating he became a Markscheider ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Anions with the general formula are called sulfonates. They are the conjugate bases of sulfonic acids with formula . As sulfonic acids tend to be strong acids, the corresponding sulfonates are weak bases. Due to the stability of sulfonate anions, the cations of sulfonate salts such as scandium triflate have applicatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Uranium Medical Research Centre (UMRC) is an independent non-profit organization founded in 1997 to provide objective and expert scientific and medical research into the effects of uranium, transuranium elements, and radionuclides produced by the process of radioactive decay and fission. UMRC is also a registered c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vilma Lucila Espín Guillois (7 April 1930 – 18 June 2007) was a Cuban revolutionary, feminist, and chemical engineer. She helped supply and organize the 26th of July Movement as an underground spy, and took an active role in many branches of the Cuban government from the conclusion of the revolution to her death. Espín... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In many supramolecular catalytic systems designed to work with bimolecular addition reactions like the Diels-Alder, the product of the reaction binds more strongly to the supramolecular host than the two substrates do, consequently leading to inhibition by the product. As a result, these catalysts has a turnover numbe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
EPIC-seq, (short for Epigenetic Expression Inference by Cell-free DNA Sequencing), is a high-throughput method that specifically targets gene promoters using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing. By employing non-invasive techniques such as blood sampling, it infers the expression levels of targeted genes. It consists of b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A sophorolipid is a surface-active glycolipid compound that can be synthesized by a selected number of non-pathogenic yeast species. They are potential bio-surfactants due to their biodegradability and low eco-toxicity. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Endiandric acid C, isolated from the tree Endiandra introrsa, is a well characterized chemical compound. Endiadric acid C is reported to have better antibiotic activity than ampicillin.
This genus of trees is in the family Lauraceae. These trees are found in the north-eastern Australian rainforests and other tropical a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metal-alkene complexes are uncommon in nature, with one exception. Ethene affects the ripening of fruit and flowers by complexation to a Cu(I) center in a transcription factor. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1979, the ACS formed a task force chaired by Ned D. Heindel to look at creating a national center for the history of chemistry. Arnold Thackray, a professor in the Department of History and Sociology of Science at the University of Pennsylvania, and curator of the Edgar Fahs Smith Memorial Collection on the history ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The metal-carbon bond in organometallic compounds is generally highly covalent. For highly electropositive elements, such as lithium and sodium, the carbon ligand exhibits carbanionic character, but free carbon-based anions are extremely rare, an example being cyanide.
Most organometallic compounds are solids at room t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Leu-enkephalin is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter with the amino acid sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu that is found naturally in the brains of many animals, including humans. It is one of the two forms of enkephalin; the other is met-enkephalin. The tyrosine residue at position 1 is thought to be analogous t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cyclic sulfonic esters are called sultones. Two examples are propane-1,3-sultone and 1,4-butane sultone. Some sultones are short-lived intermediates, used as strong alkylating agents to introduce a negatively charged sulfonate group. In the presence of water, they slowly hydrolyze to the hydroxy sulfonic acids. Sultone... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, the law of multiple proportions states that in compounds which contain two particular chemical elements, the amount of Element A per measure of Element B will differ across these compounds by ratios of small whole numbers. For instance, the ratio of the hydrogen content in methane and ethane per measure o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In terms of commercial uses, 2-furoic acid is often used in the production of furoate esters, some of which are drugs and pesticides. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SI-compliant units that can be used as alternatives are shown in the chart below. Expressions that the BIPM explicitly does not recognize as being suitable for denoting dimensionless quantities with the SI are marked with .
Note that the notations in the "SI units" column above are for the most part dimensionless quant... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The same way that RNA silencing regulates downstream target mRNAs, RNA silencing itself is regulated. For example, silencing signals get spread between cells by a group of enzymes called RdRPs (RNA-dependent RNA polymerases) or RDRs. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Remineralisation refers to the breakdown or transformation of organic matter (those molecules derived from a biological source) into its simplest inorganic forms. These transformations form a crucial link within ecosystems as they are responsible for liberating the energy stored in organic molecules and recycling matt... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Developed by Julius Schäffer to help with the identification of Agaricus species. A positive reaction of Schaeffers test, which uses the reaction of aniline and nitric acid on the surface of the mushroom, is indicated by an orange to red color; it is characteristic of species in the section Flavescentes'. The compounds... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although ribozymes are quite rare in most cells, their roles are sometimes essential to life. For example, the functional part of the ribosome, the biological machine that translates RNA into proteins, is fundamentally a ribozyme, composed of RNA tertiary structural motifs that are often coordinated to metal ions such ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2018 the Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center established The Anders Gustaf Ekeberg Tantalum Prize ("Ekeberg Prize"), an annual award to recognize excellence in tantalum research. The Prize will increase awareness of the many unique properties of tantalum products and the applications in which they excel.
Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This puzzle was mentioned by W. W. Rouse Ball in the third, 1896, edition of his book Mathematical Recreations And Problems Of Past And Present Times, and is said to have been a favorite problem of Lewis Carroll. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Museum of the History of Donetsk Metallurgical Plant was created in 1955, and it is located in the Technology House. The idea for its creation came from the director of the DMZ, Pavel Vasilyevich Andreev. The museum consists of more than 3000 exhibits. In 1971 the museum was awarded the title of national museum. Am... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.715. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, conformational isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism in which the isomers can be interconverted just by rotations about formally single bonds (refer to figure on single bond rotation). While any two arrangements of atoms in a molecule that differ by rotation about single bonds can be referred to as diffe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The drug consists of exametazime as a chelating agent for the radioisotope technetium-99m. Both enantiomeric forms of exametazime are used—the drug is racemic. The third stereoisomer of this structure, the meso form, is not included. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The practice of alchemy in the Western world, based on a Hellenistic and Babylonian approach to planetary astronomy, often ascribed a symbolic association between the seven then-known celestial bodies and the metals known to the Greeks and Babylonians during antiquity. Additionally, some alchemists and astrologers beli... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Like hot black oxide, mid-temperature black oxide converts the surface of the metal to magnetite (FeO). However, mid-temperature black oxide blackens at a temperature of , significantly less than hot black oxide. This is advantageous because it is below the solution's boiling point, meaning there are no caustic fumes p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A number of chemical reactions have water as a product. If the reactions take place at temperatures higher than the dew point of the surrounding air the water will be formed as vapor and increase the local humidity, if below the dew point local condensation will occur. Typical reactions that result in water formation a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An MR fluid is used in one of three main modes of operation, these being flow mode, shear mode and squeeze-flow mode. These modes involve, respectively, fluid flowing as a result of pressure gradient between two stationary plates; fluid between two plates moving relative to one another; and fluid between two plates mov... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The antibody based methods use designed antibodies to bind to proteins of interest, allowing the relative abundance of multiple individual targets to be identified by one of several different techniques.
Imaging: Antibodies can be bound to fluorescent molecules such as quantum dots or tagged with organic fluorophores f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Osmolarity is distinct from molarity because it measures osmoles of solute particles rather than moles of solute. The distinction arises because some compounds can dissociate in solution, whereas others cannot.
Ionic compounds, such as salts, can dissociate in solution into their constituent ions, so there is not a one... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The use of two wires of iridium/rhodium alloys can provide a thermocouple that can be used up to about 2000 °C in inert atmospheres. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In cellular biology, proteins act as intracellular signaling molecules by activating another protein in a signaling pathway. In order to do this, proteins can switch between active and inactive states, thus acting as molecular switches in response to another signal. For example, phosphorylation of proteins can be used ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions are organic reactions in which a new carbon–carbon bond is formed. They are important in the production of many human-made chemicals such as pharmaceuticals and plastics. The reverse reaction, where a carbon-carbon bond is broken, is known as carbon-carbon bond activation.
Some exam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alcohol consumption increases the risk of hypothermia in two ways: vasodilation and temperature controlling systems in the brain. Vasodilation increases blood flow to the skin, resulting in heat being lost to the environment. This produces the effect of feeling warm, when one is actually losing heat. Alcohol also affec... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Glass databases are a collection of glass compositions, glass properties, glass models, associated trademark names, patents etc. These data were collected from publications in scientific papers and patents, from personal communication with scientists and engineers, and other relevant sources. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acta Sedimentologica Sinica (Chinese name: 沉积学报) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the fields of sedimentology, sedimentary mineral deposits, and geochemistry. It is sponsored by the Professional Committee of Sedimentology of the Chinese Society of Mineral and Rock Geochemistry and the Professional Committ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
By applying specific equipment and adapting measurement parameters several types of experiments can be performed.
Most common AUC experiments are sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium experiments. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Food chemistry
* Food physics and Rheology
* Biophysical chemistry
* Physical chemistry
** Spectroscopy-applied
** Intermolecular forces
** Nanotechnology and nanostructures
* Chemical physics
** Molecular dynamics
** Surface chemistry and Van der Waals forces
** Chemical reactions and Reaction chemistry
* Quantum ch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Details of the fabrication and resulting microstructure of the glass membrane of the pH electrode are maintained as trade secrets by the manufacturers. However, certain aspects of design are published. Glass is a solid electrolyte, for which alkali-metal ions can carry current. The pH-sensitive glass membrane is genera... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If a solvent is precisely poor enough to cancel the effects of excluded volume expansion, the theta (θ) condition is satisfied. For a given polymer-solvent pair, the theta condition is satisfied at a certain temperature, called the theta (θ) temperature or theta point. A solvent at this temperature is called a theta so... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to the polar nature of the water molecule itself, other polar molecules are generally able to dissolve in water. Most nonpolar molecules are water-insoluble (hydrophobic) at room temperature. Many nonpolar organic solvents, such as turpentine, are able to dissolve nonpolar substances. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Amdoxovir is a guanosine analogue NRTI prodrug that has good bioavailability. It is deaminated intracellularly by adenosine deaminase to dioxolane guanine (DXG). DXG-triphosphate, the active form of the drug, has greater activity than DAPD-triphosphate. Amdoxovir is currently in phasa II clinical trials. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), sinapaldehyde arises in two steps from coniferyl aldehyde beginning with hydroxylation mediated by coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylase. The diphenol is then methylated at the 5-OH by the action of caffeate O-methyltransferase.
Sinapaldehyde is reduced to the alcohol by the action of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prior to its widespread use in the past three decades radioactivity was the most common label.
The advantages of fluorescence over radioactive labels are as follows:
* Fluorescence is safer to use and does not require radiological controls.
* Several fluorescent molecules can be used simultaneously given that they do n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Null mutants die at an early gestational age (embryonic day 11.5). By investigating hypomorphic mutants (which can survive 2 days longer), it was found that placental defects were primarily lethal and that there were also defects in cardiac and hepatic development, but many other organs were normal | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The SBSP concept is attractive because space has several major advantages over the Earth's surface for the collection of solar power:
* It is always solar noon in space and full sun.
* Collecting surfaces could receive much more intense sunlight, owing to the lack of obstructions such as atmospheric gasses, clouds, dus... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The density of water is about : this relationship was originally used to define the gram. The density varies with temperature, but not linearly: as the temperature increases, the density rises to a peak at and then decreases; the initial increase is unusual because most liquids undergo thermal expansion so that the de... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Before any calculations can be made, a tie line is drawn on the phase diagram to determine the mass fraction of each element; on the phase diagram to the right it is line segment LS. This tie line is drawn horizontally at the compositions temperature from one phase to another (here the liquid to the solid). The mass fr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For stationary, creeping, incompressible flow, i.e. , the Navier–Stokes equation simplifies to the Stokes equation, which by neglecting the bulk term is:
where is the viscosity, is the velocity in the direction, and is the pressure. Assuming the viscous resisting force is linear with the velocity we may write:
wher... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The composition of a nuclide (atomic nucleus) is defined by the number of protons Z and the number of neutrons N, which sum to mass number A. Proton number Z, also named the atomic number, determines the position of an element in the periodic table. The approximately 3300 known nuclides are commonly represented in a ch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal acetylides of the general formula MC≡CM are salt-like Zintl phase compounds, containing ions. Evidence for this ionic character can be seen in the ready hydrolysis of these compounds to form acetylene and metal oxides, there is also some evidence for the solubility of ions in liq... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Public Analyst runs a laboratory which will:
* Analyse food:
** for composition: many foods have legally defined, customary or expected compositions
** for additives: which must be legally permitted and within prescribed concentrations
** for contamination: chemical, microbiological
** to assess the accuracy of la... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metallurgical failure analysis is the process to determine the mechanism that has caused a metal component to fail. It can identify the cause of failure, providing insight into the root cause and potential solutions to prevent similar failures in the future, as well as culpability, which is important in legal cases. Re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Barbara McClintock discovered the first TEs in maize (Zea mays) at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York. McClintock was experimenting with maize plants that had broken chromosomes.
In the winter of 1944–1945, McClintock planted corn kernels that were self-pollinated, meaning that the silk (style) of the flower... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DPN is emerging as a powerful research tool for manipulating cells at subcellular resolution
* Stem cell differentiation
* Subcellular drug delivery
* Cell sorting
* Surface gradients
* Subcellular ECM protein patterns
* Cell adhesion | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oxidation with dioxiranes refers to the introduction of oxygen into organic molecules through the action of a dioxirane. Dioxiranes are well known for their oxidation of alkenes to epoxides; however, they are also able to oxidize other unsaturated functionality, heteroatoms, and alkane C-H bonds. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tammann was awarded the following prizes:
* Liebig Medal of the Association of German Chemists () in 1925
* Heyn Medal of the German Society for Materials Science () in 1929
* Eagle Shield of the German Empire in 1936
The Tammann Commemorative Medal of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde is named after him. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SQUIDs, or superconducting quantum interference devices, measure extremely small changes in magnetic fields. They are very sensitive vector magnetometers, with noise levels as low as 3 fT Hz in commercial instruments and 0.4 fT Hz in experimental devices. Many liquid-helium-cooled commercial SQUIDs achieve a flat noise... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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