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The high short-term radioactivity of spent nuclear fuel is primarily from fission products with short half-life.
The radioactivity in the fission product mixture is mostly due to short-lived isotopes such as I and Ba, after about four months Ce, Zr/Nb and Sr constitute the largest contributors, while after about two or... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a method termed magnetofection, DNA is complexed to magnetic particles, and a magnet is placed underneath the tissue culture dish to bring DNA complexes into contact with a cell monolayer. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Succinic semialdehyde (SSA) is a GABA metabolite. It is formed from GABA by the action of GABA transaminase (4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase) and further oxidised to become succinic acid, which enters TCA cycle. SSA is oxidized into succinic acid by the enzyme succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, which uses NAD as a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A significant task, regularly carried out by CSMBLM since 1970, is the external assessment of the performance quality of all medical biochemistry laboratories in the Republic of Croatia. The external evaluation programs are updated and continually expanded according to the needs of the profession and in line with the E... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One of the key classifications is between traditional small molecule drugs; usually derived from chemical synthesis and biological medical products; which include recombinant proteins, vaccines, blood products used therapeutically (such as IVIG), gene therapy, and cell therapy (for instance, stem cell therapies).
Pharm... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several strategies have been proposed as a way to protect those who are at greatest risk of occupational exposure to PFAS, including exposure monitoring, regular blood testing, and the use of PFAS-free alternatives. For example, fluorine-free firefighting foam and plant-based ski wax contain no PFAS and greatly reduce ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* The Tishchenko reaction of acetaldehyde gives the commercially important solvent ethyl acetate. The reaction is catalyzed by aluminium alkoxides.
* The Tishchenko reaction is used to obtain isobutyl isobutyrate, a specialty solvent.
* Hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol ester is produced by a Tishchenko reaction fr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the late 18th century, right-hand traffic started to be introduced in the United States of America based on teamsters use of large freight wagons pulled by several pairs of horses and without a drivers seat; the (typically right-handed) postilion held his whip in his right hand and thus sat on the left rear horse, a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The physical reason for the anomeric effect is not completely understood. Several, in part conflicting, explanations have been offered and the topic is still not settled. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The LTFT facility Pearl GTL at Ras Laffan, Qatar, is the second largest FT plant in the world after Sasol's Secunda plant in South Africa. It uses cobalt catalysts at 230 °C, converting natural gas to petroleum liquids at a rate of , with additional production of of oil equivalent in natural gas liquids and ethane.
An... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In sedimentology, winnowing is the natural removal of fine material from a coarser sediment by wind or flowing water. Once a sediment has been deposited, subsequent changes in the speed or direction of wind or water flowing over it can agitate the grains in the sediment and allow the preferential removal of the finer g... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
is a Japanese chemist and Nobel Prize Laureate (2010), who first published the Suzuki reaction, the organic reaction of an aryl- or vinyl-boronic acid with an aryl- or vinyl-halide catalyzed by a palladium(0) complex, in 1979. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RNA editing (also RNA modification) is a molecular process through which some cells can make discrete changes to specific nucleotide sequences within an RNA molecule after it has been generated by RNA polymerase. It occurs in all living organisms and is one of the most evolutionarily conserved properties of RNAs. RNA e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemical imaging has been implemented for mid-infrared, near-infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. As with their bulk spectroscopy counterparts, each imaging technique has particular strengths and weaknesses, and are best suited to fulfill different needs. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1905, Burgess and Holt observed that fusing mixtures of boric oxide and sodium carbonate yielded on cooling two crystalline compounds with definite compositions, consistent with anhydrous borax (which can be written ) and sodium octaborate (which can be written ). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most sulfilimines are N-substituted with electron-withdrawing groups. These compounds are typically prepared by oxidation of thioethers with electrophilic amine reagents, such as chloramine-T in the presence of a base:
An alternative route involves reactions of electrophilic sulfur compounds with amines. The imidosulfo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sulfuric acid (American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid (Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, with the molecular formula . It is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is miscible with wate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In spectroscopy, collision-induced absorption and emission refers to spectral features generated by inelastic collisions of molecules in a gas. Such inelastic collisions (along with the absorption or emission of photons) may induce quantum transitions in the molecules, or the molecules may form transient supramolecular... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The survival of these bacteria is dependent on the physiochemical conditions of their environment. Although they are sensitive to certain factors such as quality of inorganic substrate, they are able to thrive under some of the most inhospitable conditions in the world, such as temperatures above 110 degrees Celsius an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mariotte's bottle is a device that delivers a constant rate of flow from closed bottles or tanks. It is named after French physicist Edme Mariotte (1620-1684). A picture of a bottle with a gas inlet is shown in the works of Mariotte, but this construction was made to show the effect of outside pressure on mercury level... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Changes in the regulation of gene networks are a common mechanism for prokaryotic evolution. An example of the effects of different regulatory environments for homologous proteins is the DNA-binding protein OmpR, which is involved in response to osmotic stress in E. coli but is involved in response to acidic environmen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In engineering, the Moody chart or Moody diagram (also Stanton diagram) is a graph in non-dimensional form that relates the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f, Reynolds number Re, and surface roughness for fully developed flow in a circular pipe. It can be used to predict pressure drop or flow rate down such a pipe. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Hedgehog protein family is involved in induction of cell types and the creation of tissue boundaries and patterning and are found in all bilateral organisms. Hedgehog proteins were first discovered and studied in Drosophila. Hedgehog proteins produce key signals for the establishment of limb and body plan of fruit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Complexes with η-allyl ligands (classified as X-type ligands) are also known. One example is CpFe(CO)(η-CH), in which only the methylene group is attached to the Fe centre (i.e., it has the connectivity [Fe]–CH–CH=CH). As is the case for many other η-allyl complexes, the monohapticity of the allyl ligand in this speci... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gelbart's early interest in science was inspired by his time as an undergraduate researcher in the molecular spectroscopy group of William Klemperer at Harvard. As a graduate student at the University of Chicago, with his mentors Stuart A. Rice, Karl Freed, and Joshua Jortner, he developed the modern theory of non-radi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following individuals have held the position of President of this organization.
* 1871: David Thomas
* 1872–1874: Rossiter Worthington Raymond
* 1875: Alexander Lyman Holley
* 1876: Abram Stevens Hewitt
* 1877: Thomas Sterry Hunt
* 1878–1879: Eckley Brinton Coxe
* 1880: William Powell Shinn
* 1881: William Metcalf
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pulse radiolysis is a recent method of initiating fast reactions to study reactions occurring on a timescale faster than approximately one hundred microseconds, when simple mixing of reagents is too slow and other methods of initiating reactions have to be used.
The technique involves exposing a sample of material to a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Biology 12: a student resource, R. Prior.
* Lehmann, M. (2018). Endocrine and physiological regulation of neutral fat storage in Drosophila. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 461, 165–177.
* Christoph Heier, Ronald P Kühnlein, Triacylglycerol Metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster, Genetics, Volume 210, Issue 4, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gaseous ionization detectors collect and record the electrons freed from gaseous atoms and molecules by the interaction of radiation released by the source. A voltage potential is applied between two electrodes within a sealed system. Since the gaseous atoms are ionized after they interact with radiation they are att... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Principe, Lawrence and William Newman. Alchemy Tried in the Fire: Starkey, Boyle, and the Fate of Helmontian Chymistry. University of Chicago Press, 2002. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
β-Hydroxybutyric acid is the precursor to polyesters, which are biodegradable plastics. This polymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), is also naturally produced by the bacteria Alcaligenes eutrophus.
β-Hydroxybutyrate can be extracted from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by acid hydrolysis.
The concentration of in blood plasma is me... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Models predict a seasonal nitrogen cycle on Pluto and observations by New Horizons appear to support this. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electron-counting rules are used to predict the preferred electron count for molecules. The octet rule, the 18-electron rule, and Hückels 4n + 2 pi-electron rule are proven to be useful in predicting the molecular stability. Wades rules were formulated to explain the electronic requirement of monopolyhedral borane clus... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Antiretroviral drugs are medications for the treatment of infection by retroviruses, primarily HIV. Different classes of antiretroviral drugs act on different stages of the HIV life cycle. Combination of several (typically three or four) antiretroviral drugs is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
K values are used, among others, to assess the environmental fate of persistent organic pollutants. Chemicals with high partition coefficients, for example, tend to accumulate in the fatty tissue of organisms (bioaccumulation). Under the Stockholm Convention, chemicals with a log K greater than 5 are considered to bioa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Currently there are no existing compounds that can mimic the peptide bond of proline to other amino acids while maintaining only a cis or trans configuration because most mimics found will eventually change from one isomer to another. This makes research on the direct effect of each of the isomers on biological mechani... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, the Boussinesq approximation for water waves is an approximation valid for weakly non-linear and fairly long waves. The approximation is named after Joseph Boussinesq, who first derived them in response to the observation by John Scott Russell of the wave of translation (also known as solitary wave ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One of the most successful labourers in the science of hydrodynamics at this period was Pierre-Louis-Georges du Buat. Following in the steps of the Abbé Charles Bossut (Nouvelles Experiences sur la résistance des fluides, 1777), he published, in 1786, a revised edition of his Principes dhydraulique', which contains a s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
During the roll bending process the pipe, extrusion, or solid is passed through a series of rollers (typically three) that apply pressure to the pipe gradually changing the bend radius in the pipe. The pyramid style roll benders have one moving roll, usually the top roll. Double pinch type roll benders have two adjusta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The school has a research staff of approximately 120 individuals, and an academic staff of over 40. Current annual enrollment includes around 200 research students, and 450 taught postgraduate and undergraduate students.
EaStCHEM is the joint research school in chemistry between the Universities of Edinburgh and St And... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neosaxitoxin (NSTX) is included, as other saxitoxin-analogs, in a broad group of natural neurotoxic alkaloids, commonly known as the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). The parent compound of PSTs, saxitoxin (STX), is a tricyclic perhydropurine alkaloid, which can be substituted at various positions, leading to more tha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A multi-component reaction (or MCR), sometimes referred to as a "Multi-component Assembly Process" (or MCAP), is a chemical reaction where three or more compounds
react to form a single product. By definition, multicomponent reactions are those reactions whereby more than two reactants combine in a sequential manner t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In older plants and those receiving variable loadings, trickling filter beds are used where the settled sewage liquor is spread onto the surface of a bed made up of coke (carbonized coal), limestone chips or specially fabricated plastic media. Such media must have large surface areas to support the biofilms that form. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A range of qualitative and quantitative tests have been developed to detect phosphate ions (PO) in solution. Such tests find use in industrial processes, scientific research, and environmental water monitoring. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The purpose of radiological emergency preparedness is to protect people from the effects of radiation exposure after a nuclear accident or bomb. Evacuation is the most effective protective measure. However, if evacuation is impossible or even uncertain, then local fallout shelters and other measures provide the best pr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microarray image processing must correctly identify the regular grid of features within an image and independently quantify the fluorescence intensity for each feature. Image artefacts must be additionally identified and removed from the overall analysis. Fluorescence intensities directly indicate the abundance of each... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Indium(III) hydroxide is the chemical compound with the formula . Its prime use is as a precursor to indium(III) oxide, . It is sometimes found as the rare mineral dzhalindite.
__TOC__ | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The continuum definition of surface free energy is the amount of reversible work performed to create new area of surface, expressed as:
In this definition the number of atoms at the surface is proportional to the area. Gibbs was the first to define another surface quantity, different from the surface free energy , th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Black phosphorus is the thermodynamically stable form of phosphorus at room temperature and pressure, with a heat of formation of −39.3 kJ/mol (relative to white phosphorus which is defined as the standard state). It was first synthesized by heating white phosphorus under high pressures (12,000 atmospheres) in 1914. As... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An estimated 26,000 U.S. sites are contaminated with PFASs. At least six million Americans are estimated to have drinking water containing PFASs above the safe limit published prior to 2022 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). More than 200 million Americans are estimated to live in places where the tap w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Deposits reduce the heat transfer in the boiler, reduce the flow rate and eventually block boiler tubes. Any non-volatile salts and minerals that will remain when the feedwater is evaporated must be removed, because they will become concentrated in the liquid phase and require excessive "blow-down" (draining) to preve... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Encapsulin nanocompartments, or encapsulin protein cages, are spherical bacterial organelle-like compartments roughly 25-30 nm in diameter that are involved in various aspects of metabolism, in particular protecting bacteria from oxidative stress. Encapsulin nanocompartments are structurally similar to the HK97 bacteri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nuclear chemistry is the sub-field of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes, and transformations in the nuclei of atoms, such as nuclear transmutation and nuclear properties.
It is the chemistry of radioactive elements such as the actinides, radium and radon together with the chemistry associated with... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Flubber, also commonly known as slime, is a non-Newtonian fluid, easily made from polyvinyl alcohol–based glues (such as white "school" glue) and borax. It flows under low stresses but breaks under higher stresses and pressures. This combination of fluid-like and solid-like properties makes it a Maxwell fluid. Its beha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oxamic acid is an organic compound with the formula . It is a white, water-soluble solid. It is the monoamide of oxalic acid. Oxamic acid inhibits lactate dehydrogenase A. The active site of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is closed off once oxamic acid attaches to the LDH-NADH complex, effectively inhibiting it.
Oxamic ac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This shell contains applications which are essential for problems involving group-subgroup relations between space groups. Given the space group types of G and H and their index, the program [http://www.cryst.ehu.es/cryst/subgroupgraph.html SUBGROUPGRAPH] provides graphs of maximal subgroups for a group-subgroup pair G... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bioelectrochemical reactors are finding an application in wastewater treatment settings. Current activated sludge processes are energy- and cost-inefficient due to sludge maintenance, aeration needs, and energy needs. By using a bioelectrochemical reactor that utilizes the concept of trickling filtering, these ineffici... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since almost all adsorptive separation processes are dynamic -meaning, that they are running under flow - testing porous materials for those applications for their separation performance has to be tested under flow as well. Since separation processes run with mixtures of different components, measuring several breakthr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lactate can be used to produce a bioplastic called polylactic acid (PLA). The properties of PLA depend on the ratio of the two optical isomers of lactate (D-lactate and L-lactate). D-lactate is produced by mixed acid fermentation in E. coli. Early experiments engineered the E. coli strain RR1 to produce either one of t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The stereographic is the only projection that maps all circles on a sphere to circles on a plane. This property is valuable in planetary mapping where craters are typical features. The set of circles passing through the point of projection have unbounded radius, and therefore degenerate into lines. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pipes, ducts and conduits are identification by the Australian Standard AS 1345—1995 “Identification of the contents of pipes, conduits and ducts” | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Geopolymer bonded wood composite (GWC) are similar and a green alternatives to cement bonded wood composites. These products are composed of geopolymer binder, wood fibers/ wood particles. Depending on the wood and geopolymer ratio in the material, the properties of the wood-geopolymer composite material vary. The main... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the disciplines of medicinal chemistry and drug design relating to chemotherapeutic agents in cancer. It is published by Bentham Science Publishers and the editor-in-chief is Simone Carradori ("G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Jeannette Elizabeth Brown (born May 13, 1934) is a retired American organic medicinal chemist, historian, and author. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Other systems of drug classification exist, for example the Biopharmaceutics Classification System which determines a drugs' attributes by solubility and intestinal permeability. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electronic components that require clear transparency for light to exit or enter (photovoltaic panels and sensors) can be potted using acrylic resins that are cured using UV energy. The advantages are low VOC emissions and rapid curing.
Certain inks, coatings, and adhesives are formulated with photoinitiators and resin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The increasing amount of genomic and molecular information is the basis for understanding higher-order biological systems, such as the cell and the organism, and their interactions with the environment, as well as for medical, industrial and other practical applications. The KEGG resource provides a reference knowledge... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Grazing-incidence small-angle scattering (GISAS) is a scattering technique used to study nanostructured surfaces and thin films. The scattered probe is either photons (grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, GISAXS) or neutrons (grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering, GISANS). GISAS combines the acces... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
T. rotula has been known to produce many types of polyunsaturated aldehydes, including (2E,4E/Z)-hepta-2,4-dienal, (2E,4E/Z,7Z)-deca-2,4,7-trienal, (2E,4E/Z)-octa-2,4-dienal, and (2E,4E/Z,7Z)-octa-2,4,7-trienal. These particular aldehydes are also produced by Stephanopyxis turris and Skeletonema costatum in response to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tsumaki described the first metal–salen complexes in 1938. He found that the cobalt(II) complex Co(salen) reversibly binds O, which led to intensive research on cobalt complexes of salen and related ligands for their capacity for oxygen storage and transport, looking for potential synthetic oxygen carriers. Cobalt sale... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Shanon Shah is also a playwright. His play Air Con was by the Instant Cafe Theatre Company's FIRSTWoRKS programme. The play, directed by Jo Kukathas and Zalfian Fuzi, was performed to critical acclaim prompting a revival in 2009.
One reviewer praised not only the play's take on issues such as hate crimes against transs... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The simplest mathematical model to explain the Vroman Effect is the Langmuir model using the Langmuir isotherm. More complex models include the Fruendlich isotherm and other modifications to the Langmuir model. This model explains the kinetics between reversible adsorption and desorption, assuming the adsorbate behaves... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
His father was a military physician. He was a student of Academician . In 1940, he defended his Candidate's Dissertation at the N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry. In 1949, he defended his doctoral dissertation. From 1950 to 1992, Perekalin headed the Department of Organic Chemistry at the Herzen University. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Affecting blood pressure/(antihypertensive drugs): ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, α blockers, calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, aldosterone inhibitors.
* Coagulation: anticoagulants, heparin, antiplatelet drugs, fibrinolytics, anti-hemophilic factors, haemost... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The adverse effects of lithium include:
;Very Common (> 10% incidence) adverse effects
* Confusion
* Constipation (usually transient, but can persist in some)
* Decreased memory
* Diarrhea (usually transient, but can persist in some)
* Dry mouth
* EKG changes — usually benign changes in T waves
* Hand tremor (usually t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pure copper. Unlike other metals, copper is frequently used in its pure (99.9% Cu) unalloyed form for sheet and strip applications in roofing, exterior cladding, and flashing.
Tempering is a heat treatment technique used to increase the toughness of metals. Tempers determine the ductility of the metal, and therefore ho... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The compressor has to run with the same speed (or fixed gear ratio) as its driving turbine and have equal power and pass the same flow as its driving turbine. This constitutes a gas generator which produces gas power. The compressor also has to pass the same flow as whatever uses the gas power, ie additional turbine st... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A natural nuclear fission reactor is a uranium deposit where self-sustaining nuclear chain reactions occur. The conditions under which a natural nuclear reactor could exist were predicted in 1956 by Paul Kuroda. The remnants of an extinct or fossil nuclear fission reactor, where self-sustaining nuclear reactions have o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to the nature of the detected signal, other implementations in this platform allows for an even higher signal-to-noise ratio. In the case of magnetic sequencing by hybridization, a set of overlapping tiles is used such that the sequence of each nucleotide is determined by the hybridization of an 8-mer. Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stable isotope labeling involves the use of non-radioactive isotopes that can act as a tracers used to model several chemical and biochemical systems. The chosen isotope can act as a label on that compound that can be identified through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Some of the most comm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In biochemistry, an ultratrace element is a chemical element that normally comprises less than one microgram per gram of a given organism (i.e. less than 0.0001% by weight), but which plays a significant role in its metabolism.
Possible ultratrace elements in humans include boron, silicon, nickel, vanadium and cobalt.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gene therapy uses genetically modified viruses to deliver genes which can cure disease in humans. Although gene therapy is still relatively new, it has had some successes. It has been used to treat genetic disorders such as severe combined immunodeficiency, and Lebers congenital amaurosis. Treatments are also being dev... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The molecular structures of nontrigonal pnictogen compounds reveal the steric strain in these molecules, and significantly differing bond angles at the pnictogen atoms indicate a considerable distortion of the coordination spheres.
In particular, the geometry at the central part of these compounds deviate strongly from... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A different perspective on Alzheimers is revealed by a mouse study that has found that APP possesses ferroxidase activity similar to ceruloplasmin, facilitating iron export through interaction with ferroportin; it seems that this activity is blocked by zinc trapped by accumulated Aβ in Alzheimers. It has been shown th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Eigencolloid is a term derived from the German language (eigen: own) and used to designate colloids made of pure phases. Also known as intrinsic colloids.
Eigencolloids are metal oxyhydroxide colloids on the nanometer scale formed by aggregation of hydrolyzed metal ions. They are characterized by a very large specific ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The F fraction derives its name from the term "Fraction 1" and F (written as a subscript letter "o", not "zero") derives its name from being the binding fraction for oligomycin, a type of naturally derived antibiotic that is able to inhibit the F unit of ATP synthase. These functional regions consist of different prote... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A rotating impeller containing two or more vanes divides the spaces between the vanes into discrete volumes and each rotation (or vane passing) is counted.
: Flow = volume of measuring chamber × RPM × 4 | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Monoclonal antibodies used for autoimmune diseases include infliximab and adalimumab, which are effective in rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and ankylosing spondylitis by their ability to bind to and inhibit TNF-α. Basiliximab and daclizumab inhibit IL-2 on activated T cells and thereby help p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the ocean, alkalinity is completely dominated by carbonate and bicarbonate plus a small contribution from borate.
Thus the chemical equation for alkalinity in seawater is:
: A = [HCO] + 2[CO] + [B(OH)]
There are many methods of alkalinity generation in the ocean. Perhaps the most well known is the dissolution of c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The simplest case refers to the formation of a strictly linear polymer by the reaction (usually by condensation) of two monomers in equimolar quantities. An example is the synthesis of nylon-6,6 whose formula is
from one mole of hexamethylenediamine, , and one mole of adipic acid, . For this case
In this equation
* is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aristid von Grosse (January 1905 – July 21, 1985) was a German nuclear chemist. During his work with Otto Hahn, he got access to waste material from radium production, and with this starting material he was able in 1927 to isolate protactinium(V) oxide and was later able to produce metallic protactinium by decomp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Griffin's method for non-ionic surfactants as described in 1954 works as follows:
where is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic portion of the molecule, and M is the molecular mass of the whole molecule, giving a result on a scale of 0 to 20.
An HLB value of 0 corresponds to a completely lipophilic/hydrophobic molecu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The 4n chain of thorium-232 is commonly called the "thorium series" or "thorium cascade". Beginning with naturally occurring thorium-232, this series includes the following elements: actinium, bismuth, lead, polonium, radium, radon and thallium. All are present, at least transiently, in any natural thorium-containing... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The earliest reported drug checking activity began in Amsterdam in November 1970 with a group from the University Hospital of Amsterdam and samples obtained through psychiatrists working with people who used drugs.
The earliest reported drug checking service is the Drug Information and Monitoring System (DIMS) in the N... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Davyum was the proposed name for a chemical element found by chemist Serge Kern in 1877. It was shown that the material was a mixture of iridium and rhodium. In 1950 it was proposed that the new metal might also have contained rhenium, which had not been discovered in Kern's time. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Astrophysical fluid dynamics is a branch of modern astronomy which deals with the motion of fluids in outer space using fluid mechanics, such as those that make up the Sun and other stars. The subject covers the fundamentals of fluid mechanics using various equations, such as continuity equations, the Navier–Stokes equ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gunnar Aksnes (8 August 1926 in Kvam, Hardanger – 31 January 2010 in Bergen, Hordaland) was a Norwegian chemist and poet, the brother of the astronomer Kaare Aksnes, married to Milly Aksnes (b. 1928) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Enzymes and enzymatic complexes able to break down difficult-to-transform macromolecules such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectin and proteins. Solid state fermentation is well suited for the production of various enzymatic complexes composed of multiple enzymes. Enzymatic compounds generated by SSF find outlets in al... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
At pressures above approximately 10-13 GPa and temperatures up to around 700 K, α-iron changes into a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure, which is also known as ε-iron or hexaferrum; the higher-temperature γ-phase also changes into ε-iron, but generally requires far higher pressures as temperature increases. The tr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Podocin is localized on the membranes of podocyte pedicels (foot-like long processes), where it oligomerizes in lipid rafts together with nephrin to form the filtration slits. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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