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Instead of using a step boundary condition for the wall movement, the velocity of the wall can be prescribed as an arbitrary function of time, i.e., . Then the solution is given by | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The sugar-carbamino is formed through a C-glycosidic linkage with the amino acid side chain via various linkers. The synthesis involves introducing annulation to appropriate amino acid residues to rigidify glycopeptides, followed by Diels-Alder cycloadditions to fuse cyclic α- and β-amino acids to the sugar moiety. Thi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tarnish is a thin layer of corrosion that forms over copper, brass, aluminum, magnesium, neodymium and other similar metals as their outermost layer undergoes a chemical reaction. Tarnish does not always result from the sole effects of oxygen in the air. For example, silver needs hydrogen sulfide to tarnish, although i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When metals are near the bottom of the reactivity series, their compounds generally decompose easily at high temperatures. This is because stronger bonds form between atoms towards the top of the reactivity series, and strong bonds are difficult to break. For example, copper is near the bottom of the reactivity series,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The nomenclature of pyrimidines is straightforward. However, like other heterocyclics, tautomeric hydroxyl groups yield complications since they exist primarily in the cyclic amide form. For example, 2-hydroxypyrimidine is more properly named 2-pyrimidone. A partial list of trivial names of various pyrimidines exists. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Ammonium dichromate on heating yields nitrogen, water and chromium(III) oxide.
* Ammonium nitrate on strong heating yields dinitrogen oxide ("laughing gas") and water.
* Ammonium nitrite on heating yields nitrogen gas and water.
* Barium azide on heating yields barium metal and nitrogen gas.
* Sodium azide on heating... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Refrigeration is any of various types of cooling of a space, substance, or system to lower and/or maintain its temperature below the ambient one (while the removed heat is ejected to a place of higher temperature). Refrigeration is an artificial, or human-made, cooling method.
Refrigeration refers to the process by wh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nitroalkenes are synthesized by various means, notable examples include:
* Nitroaldol reactions such as the Henry reaction:
* Nitration of an alkene with nitryl iodide generated in-situ from silver nitrite and elemental iodine:
* Direct nitration of alkenes with nitric oxide and an aluminum oxide catalyst in acidic con... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Charles Bonner Harris (April 24, 1940, in New York City – March 10, 2020, in Berkeley, California) was an American physical chemist. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mold cavity of a casting does not reflect the exact dimensions of the finished part due to a number of reasons. These modifications to the mold cavity are known as allowances and account for patternmaker's shrinkage, draft, machining, and distortion. In non-expendable processes, these allowances are imparted direct... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Van der Waals molecule is a weakly bound complex of atoms or molecules held together by intermolecular attractions such as Van der Waals forces or by hydrogen bonds.
The name originated in the beginning of the 1970s when stable molecular clusters were regularly observed in molecular beam microwave spectroscopy. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate lies in the glycolysis metabolic pathway, and is one of the two products of breakdown of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, along with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. It is rapidly and reversibly isomerised to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
The numbering of the carbon atoms indicates the fate of the carbons... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
McTaggart transferred his research activities to the University of Sydney from November 1973 and retired in February 1978, after which he returned to Melbourne. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Global sensitivity measures such as the Hill coefficient do not characterise the local behaviours of the s-shaped curves. Instead, these features are well captured by the response coefficient measure defined as:
In systems biology, such system responses are referred to as control coefficients. Specifically, the concen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The WGSR can aid in the efficiency of fuel cells by increasing hydrogen production. The WGSR is considered a critical component in the reduction of carbon monoxide concentrations in cells that are susceptible to carbon monoxide poisoning such as the proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The benefits of this applica... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Gmelin database is a large database of organometallic and inorganic compounds updated quarterly. It is based on the German publication Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie ("Gmelins Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry") which was originally published by Leopold Gmelin in 1817; the last print edition, the 8th, appe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He received his Ph.D. in 1961 under the direction of F. Gordon A. Stone at Harvard for research on organocobalt and organoiron compounds. He subsequently conducted studies on synthetic organometallic chemistry at DuPont and then at the Mellon Institute. His endeavors led to the first examples of diazonium complexes. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*[http://www.alittihad.ae/details.php?id=26368&y=2011&article=full Alittihad Newspaper]
*[http://www.alkhaleej.ae/portal/7ce19b8d-8888-4057-8d05-373ecb13d683.aspx Alkhaleej Newspaper]
*[https://archive.today/20130418015423/http://www.akhirlahza.sd/akhir/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18360:----005--&catid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SB buffer is a buffer solution used in agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the separation of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. "SB" is a commercial trademark of Faster Better Media LLC for their sodium boric acid-based conductive medium (US Patent # 7811437), which is based on the publications of Brody ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2020, worldwide production capacity was approximately 180 million tonnes.
For use in industry, urea is produced from synthetic ammonia and carbon dioxide. As large quantities of carbon dioxide are produced during the ammonia manufacturing process as a byproduct of burning hydrocarbons to generate heat (predominantly... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While prokaryotes are considered strictly unicellular, most can form stable aggregate communities. When such communities are encased in a stabilizing polymer matrix ("slime"), they may be called "biofilms". Cells in biofilms often show distinct patterns of gene expression (phenotypic differentiation) in time and space.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aromatic ring currents are relevant to NMR spectroscopy, as they dramatically influence the chemical shifts of H nuclei ("protons") in aromatic molecules. The effect helps distinguish these nuclear environments and is therefore of great use in molecular structure determination. In benzene, the ring protons experience ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* “Vibrational Spectroscopy of Biomolecules and Polymers” V.G. Gregoriou and M. Braiman, Editors, Taylor & Francis Co, New York, NY, (2006).
* “Polymer Spectroscopy” V.G. Gregoriou Editor, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany (2004).
* “Modern Infrared Spectroscopy: Principles and Applications” A.A. Christy, Y. Ozaki, and V.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The gas release can occur by advection through fractures, or via diffuse degassing through large areas of permeable ground as diffuse degassing structures (DDS). At sites of advective gas loss, precipitation of sulfur and rare minerals forms sulfur deposits and small sulfur chimneys, called fumaroles. Very low-temperat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many homogeneous catalysts operate via the intermediacy of metal alkyls. These reactions include hydrogenation, hydroformylation, alkene isomerization, and olefin polymerization. It is assumed that the corresponding heterogeneous reactions also involve metal-alkyl bonds. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Preclinical studies in mouse models of Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA) were published in 1996 and a study in dogs published in 2001. In 2008, three groups reported results of clinical trials using adeno-associated virus for LCA. In these studies, an AAV vector encoding the RPE65 gene was delivered via a "subretinal ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The earliest mention came in 1911, when German chemist Dr. Alexander Eibner integrated the concept in his research of the illumination of zinc oxide (ZnO) on the bleaching of the dark blue pigment, Prussian blue. Around this time, Bruner and Kozak published an article discussing the deterioration of oxalic acid in the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lower bainite forms between 250 and 400 °C and takes a more plate-like form than upper bainite. There are not nearly as many low angle boundaries between laths in lower bainite. In lower bainite, the habit plane in ferrite will also shift from <111> towards <110> as transformation temperature decreases. In lower bai... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CDP piggybacked on GRI's concept of environmental disclosure in 2002, focusing on individual companies rather than on nations. At the time CDP had just 35 investors signing its request for climate information and 245 companies responding. According to the organization, as of 2022, companies worth half of global market ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The nodes of Ranvier Na+/Ca2+ exchangers and high density of voltage-gated Na+ channels that generate action potentials. A sodium channel consists of a pore-forming α subunit and two accessory β subunits, which anchor the channel to extra-cellular and intra-cellular components. The nodes of Ranvier in the central and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fungi can be used for many of the same processes as bacteria. For industrial applications, yeasts combine the bacterial advantages of being a single-celled organism that is easy to manipulate and grow with the advanced protein modifications found in eukaryotes. They can be used to produce large complex molecules for us... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
James was interested in the group of elements called the rare earths, particularly the lanthanides. He published more than 60 papers in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
NCS is produced from succinimide by treatment with Cl+ sources, such as bleach (sodium hypochlorite), and t-butylhypochlorite, and even chlorine.
Electron-rich arenes are readily monochlorinated by NCS. Aniline and mesitylene are converted to the respective chlorinated derivatives. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Proteins are complex, high-molecular weight biopolymers. They are inherently chiral being composed of L-amino acids and possess ordered 3D-structure. They are known to bind/interact stereoselectively with small molecules reversibly, making them extremely versatile CSPs for chiral separation of drug molecules. Hermansso... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, is a catalyst used in the synthesis of polymers of 1-alkenes (alpha-olefins). Two broad classes of Ziegler–Natta catalysts are employed, distinguished by their solubility:
* Heterogeneous supported catalysts based on titanium compounds are used in pol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The activity of some enzymes is regulated by ADP-ribosylation. For instance, the activity of Rodospirillum rubrum di-nitrogenase-reductase is turned off by ADP-ribosylation of an arginine residue, and reactivated by the removal of the ADP-ribosyl group. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One of the more complex hydration reactions utilises sulfuric acid as a catalyst. This reaction occurs in a similar way to the addition reaction but has an extra step in which the OSOH group is replaced by an OH group, forming an alcohol:
:CH + HO → CHOH
As can be seen, the HSO does take part in the overall reaction, h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carboxylic acids are Brønsted–Lowry acids because they are proton (H) donors. They are the most common type of organic acid.
Carboxylic acids are typically weak acids, meaning that they only partially dissociate into Hydronium| cations and Carboxylate| anions in neutral aqueous solution. For example, at room temperatur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
COC is commonly extruded with cast or blown film equipment in the manufacture of packaging films. Most often, due to cost, COC is used as a modifier in monolayer or multilayer film to provide properties not delivered by base resins such as polyethylene. Grades of COC based on ethylene show a certain amount of compatibi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With the exception of scramjets, jet engines, deprived of their inlet systems can only accept air at around half the speed of sound. The inlet system's job for transonic and supersonic aircraft is to slow the air and perform some of the compression.
The limit on maximum altitude for engines is set by flammability – at ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The primary goal of crystallography is to determine the three dimensional arrangement of atoms in a crystalline material. While historically, x-ray crystallography has been the predominant experimental method used to solve crystal structures ab initio, the advantages of precession electron diffraction make it one of th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cast iron, carbon steel, stainless steel and cast aluminium cookware may be seasoned before cooking by applying a fat to the surface and heating it to polymerize it. This produces a dry, hard, smooth, hydrophobic coating, which is non-stick when food is cooked with a small amount of cooking oil or fat. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In genetics a hypersensitive site is a short region of chromatin and is detected by its super sensitivity to cleavage by DNase I and other various nucleases (DNase II and micrococcal nucleases). In a hypersensitive site, the nucleosomal structure is less compacted, increasing the availability of the DNA to binding by ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In general, the goals of molecular physics experiments are to characterize shape and size, electric and magnetic properties, internal energy levels, and ionization and dissociation energies for molecules. In terms of shape and size, rotational spectra and vibrational spectra allow for the determination of molecular mom... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In metallurgy, the Scheil-Gulliver equation (or Scheil equation) describes solute redistribution during solidification of an alloy. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Threonine proteases use the amino acid threonine as their catalytic nucleophile. Unlike cysteine and serine, threonine is a secondary hydroxyl (i.e. has a methyl group). This methyl group greatly restricts the possible orientations of triad and substrate as the methyl clashes with either the enzyme backbone or histidin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Technical Reports:
*[https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4086876-multiheteromacrocycles-complex-metal-ions-second-progress-report-may-april "Multiheteromacrocycles that Complex Metal Ions. Second Progress Report, 1 May 1975 – 30 April 1976"], UCLA, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the U.S. Energy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phospholipids, a class of amphiphilic molecules, are the main components of biological membranes. The amphiphilic nature of these molecules defines the way in which they form membranes. They arrange themselves into lipid bilayers, by forming a sheet composed of two layers of lipids. Each layer forms by positioning thei... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Supercritical water can be used to decompose biomass via Supercritical Water Gasification of biomass. This type of biomass gasification can be used to produce hydrocarbon fuels for use in an efficient combustion device or to produce hydrogen for use in a fuel cell. In the latter case, hydrogen yield can be much higher ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aquatic carbon occurs in different forms. Firstly, a division is made between organic and inorganic carbon. Organic carbon is a mixture of organic compounds originating from detritus or primary producers. It can be divided into POC (particulate organic carbon; particles > 0.45 μm) and DOC (dissolved organic carbon; par... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An organic compound is a chemical whose molecules contain carbon. Carbon is abundant in the Sun, stars, comets, and in the atmospheres of most planets. Organic compounds are relatively common in space, formed by "factories of complex molecular synthesis" which occur in molecular clouds and circumstellar envelopes, and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In optical rectification, a high-intensity ultrashort laser pulse passes through a transparent crystal material that emits a terahertz pulse without any applied voltages. It is a nonlinear-optical process, where an appropriate crystal material is quickly electrically polarized at high optical intensities. This changing... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One may question, however, whether the correction term was chosen by chance, because in a frame of reference moving with the sphere, the fluid near the sphere is almost at rest, and in that region inertial force is negligible and Stokes equation is well justified. Far away from the sphere, the flow velocity approaches ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
AGEs are biochemicals formed continuously under normal circumstances, but more rapidly under a variety of stresses, especially oxidative stress and hyperglycemia. They serve as markers of stress and act as toxins themselves. Pentosidine is typical of the class, except that it fluoresces, which allows it to be seen an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Probably the most labor-intensive method of estimating a metric of lake metabolism is by measuring all the inputs and outputs of either organic or inorganic carbon to a lake over a season or year, also known as a whole-lake carbon budget. Measuring all the inputs and outputs of carbon to and from a lake can be used to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Chemical Abstracts Service
* Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed
* Science Citation Index Expanded
* Current Contents/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences
* The Zoological Record
* BIOSIS Previews
* Scopus
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 im... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gene therapy utilizes the delivery of DNA into cells, which can be accomplished by several methods, summarized below. The two major classes of methods are those that use recombinant viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral methods). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A rainout could occur in the vicinity of ground zero or the contamination could be carried aloft before deposition depending on the current atmospheric conditions and how the explosion occurred. The explosion, or burst, can be air, surface, subsurface, or seawater. An air burst will produce less fallout than a comparab... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Ewald, M., Fechner, P. & Gauglitz, G. Anal Bioanal Chem (2015) 407: 4005. doi:10.1007/s00216-015-8562-0
* Bleher, O., Schindler, A., Yin, MX. et al. Anal Bioanal Chem (2014) 406: 3305. doi:10.1007/s00216-013-7504-y
* Schindler, A., Bleher, O., Thaler, M., et al. (2014). Diagnostic performance study of an antigen micr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Over 2000 compounds were tested randomly in a guinea pig ileum test and succinyl-L-proline was found to have the properties of a specific ACE inhibitor. It showed inhibitory effect of angiotensin I and bradykinin without having any effects on angiotensin II. Then researchers started to search for a model that would exp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Synthetic routes to cumulenic carbido complexes can be efficient and lead to rapid, near quantitative product formation with simple purifications. This dimerization involves the formation of a vinylidene from an alkyne. Mechanistically, there are various proposed pathways, starting with oxidative addition of the alkyne... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Flavin adenine dinucleotide is a group bound to many enzymes including ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase, monoamine oxidase, D-amino acid oxidase, glucose oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and acyl CoA dehydrogenase. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In thermodynamics, Stefan's formula says that the specific surface energy at a given interface is determined by the respective enthalpy difference .
where σ is the specific surface energy, N is the Avogadro constant, is a steric dimensionless coefficient, and V is the molar volume. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Like most amino acids, pipecolic acid is a chelating agent. One complex is Cu(HNCHCO)(HO).
Pipecolic acid was identified in the Murchison meteorite.
It also occurs in the leaves of the genus Myroxylon, a tree from South America. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ascorbate ion is the predominant species at typical biological pH values. It is a mild reducing agent and antioxidant. It is oxidized with loss of one electron to form a radical cation and then with loss of a second electron to form dehydroascorbic acid. It typically reacts with oxidants of the reactive oxygen spec... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Melting curve analysis is an assessment of the dissociation characteristics of double-stranded DNA during heating. As the temperature is raised, the double strand begins to dissociate leading to a rise in the absorbance intensity, hyperchromicity. The temperature at which 50% of DNA is denatured is known as the melting... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polysaccharides (sugar polymers) can be linear or branched and are typically joined with glycosidic bonds. The exact placement of the linkage can vary, and the orientation of the linking functional groups is also important, resulting in α- and β-glycosidic bonds with numbering definitive of the linking carbons' locatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Katsonis serves on the Nature Travel Grants panel. She is an Editor of the journals Communications Chemistry and ChemPhotoChem. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Climate change is causing destabilization of multiple climate systems within the Arctic Ocean. One system that climate change is impacting is methane hydrates. Methane hydrates are located along the continental margins, and are stabilized by high pressure, as well as uniformly low temperatures. Climate change has begun... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ostromislensky died at the age 58. His scientific work did not receive appropriate recognition during his lifetime, but was widely praised afterwards. He was among the first 5 scientists inducted into the International Rubber Science Hall of Fame. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As mentioned above, often the atoms at a surface would like to be either closer together or further apart. Countering this, the atoms below (substrate) have a fixed in-plane spacing onto which the surface has to register. One way to reduce the total energy is to have extra atoms in the surface, or remove some. This occ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermocouples made from two different, high-purity noble metals can show high accuracy even when uncalibrated, as well as low levels of drift. Two combinations in use are gold–platinum and platinum–palladium. Their main limitations are the low melting points of the metals involved (1064 °C for gold and 1555 °C for pall... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Modafinil is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers, armodafinil ((R)-modafinil) and esmodafinil ((S)-modafinil). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
They are often prepared in situ by acidification of the corresponding sulfinate salts, which are typically more robust than the acid. These salts are generated by reduction of sulfonyl chlorides. An alternative route is the reaction of Grignard reagents with sulfur dioxide. Transition metal sulfinates are also generate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transamination is a chemical reaction that transfers an amino group to a ketoacid to form new amino acids.This pathway is responsible for the deamination of most amino acids. This is one of the major degradation pathways which convert essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids (amino acids that can be synthesiz... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Society of Public Analysts was formed in the United Kingdom in 1874 and subsequently became the Society for Analytical Chemistry. It was incorporated in 1907.
The chemical industry had grown rapidly in the 19th century, and developments in the alkali, explosive and agricultural chemical fields produced a growing ne... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A PPO inhibitor may inhibit two unrelated enzymes abbreviated "PPO". They are:
* Protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors Used as herbicides
* Polyphenol oxidase inhibitors | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Velocity selective arterial spin labeling is a strategy that still requires validation. Velocity selective arterial spin labeling is advantageous in a population where blood flow may be impeded (e.g. stroke), because the labeling occurs closer to the capillaries. This allows the post labeling decay to be shorter. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As mentioned above, is one of the most common formulations for the thermal pressure coefficient.
Both and are affected by temperature changes, but the value of and of a solid much less sensitive to temperature change above its Debye temperature. Thus, the thermal pressure of a solid due to moderate temperature ch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most modern MCP detectors consist of two microchannel plates with angled channels, rotated 180° from each other - producing a shallow chevron (v-like) shape. In a chevron MCP, the electrons that exit the first plate start the cascade in the next plate. The angle between the channels reduces ion feedback in the device, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rearrangement reaction of 6-membered cyclic dienones generate phenols through the dienone–phenol rearrangement: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1922, Bowen became a Fellow in Chemistry of University College, Oxford, succeeding R. B. Bourdillon, who was briefly Fellow in Chemistry at the College from 1919 to 1921, but who subsequently changed his field of interest from chemistry to medicine. Bowen also served as Domestic Bursar of University College and as J... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
2-Carboxy--arabitinol 1-phosphate (or CA1P) is a molecule produced in plants that inhibits RuBisCO, a key enzyme in the Calvin cycle and carbon fixation. In dark conditions, this molecule binds to RuBisCO, preventing it from participating in chemical reactions. As the amount of light present increases, CA1P levels decr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
RNAP was discovered independently by Charles Loe, Audrey Stevens, and Jerard Hurwitz in 1960. By this time, one half of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Medicine had been awarded to Severo Ochoa for the discovery of what was believed to be RNAP, but instead turned out to be polynucleotide phosphorylase. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sekeris was a direct descendant of Panagiotis Sekeris, a merchant and ship owner who lived in Constantinople in the early 19th century and co-founded the Filiki Eteria (a secret society aiming to overthrow the Ottoman rule in Greece), and who spent his entire wealth financing this process. Sekeris married Lioka (Kallio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alpha particles were first described in the investigations of radioactivity by Ernest Rutherford in 1899, and by 1907 they were identified as He ions.
By 1928, George Gamow had solved the theory of alpha decay via tunneling. The alpha particle is trapped inside the nucleus by an attractive nuclear potential well
and a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the early days, Mander was involved in extracting chemicals in plants that might help fight against cancer. Eventually, he turned his research skills to “...the gibberellin family of plant bioregulators". He further developed his interest in this chemical group to include an understanding of their role in plant deve... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mutations in the STAT1 molecule can be gain of function (GOF) or loss of function (LOF). Both of them can cause different phenotypes and symptoms. Recurring common infections are frequent in both GOF and LOF mutations. In humans STAT1 has been particularly under strong purifying selection when populations shifted from ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Traditional plasticizers are lignosulphonates as their sodium salts. Superplasticizers are synthetic polymers. Compounds used as superplasticizers include (1) sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensate, sulfonated melamine formaldehyde condensate, acetone formaldehyde condensate and (2) polycarboxylates ethers. Cr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This method tries to identify 4-bp long end motifs from each stands 5 end on bisulfite sequencing reads of plasma cfDNAs. Hierarchical clustering of the motifs is done to detect any under/overrepresentation of these motifs due to cancer existence. The method incorporates Support Vector Machines and Logistic Regression ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Consider a variable to be some function , that is . If increases from to then the change in the value of will be given by . The proportional change, however, is given by:
The rate of proportional change at the point is given by the above expression divided by the step change in the value, namely :
Rate of propor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On occasion, the polymer chain is disengaged from the active centers in the chain termination reaction. Several pathways exist for termination:
:Cp−(CH−CHR)−CH + CH=CHR → Cp−CH−CHR + CH=CR–polymer
Another type of chain termination reaction called a β-hydride elimination reaction also occurs periodically:
:Cp−(CH−CHR)... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glycans can be found attached to proteins as in glycoproteins and proteoglycans. In general, they are found on the exterior surface of cells. O- and N-linked glycans are very common in eukaryotes but may also be found, although less commonly, in prokaryotes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ring-closing Metathesis has shown utility in the synthesis of 5-30 membered rings, polycycles, and heterocycles containing atoms such as N, O, S, P, and even Si. Due to the functional group tolerance of modern RCM reactions, the synthesis of structurally complex compounds containing a range of functional groups such as... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Having proposed a model of globular proteins, Wrinch investigated whether it was consistent with the available structural data. She hypothesized that bovine tuberculin protein (523) was a C closed cyclol consisting of 72 residues and that the digestive enzyme pepsin was a C closed cyclol of 288 residues. These residue-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Adsorption and desorption can both be promoted by exposure of trans metal oxides to light, the predominant process being controlled by experimental conditions. Adsorption of oxygen by illumination of TiO or ZnO at room temperature with low pressure results in the adsorption of oxygen, while at high pressures illuminati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sphingosine (Sph) is formed by the action of ceramidase (CDase) enzymes on ceramide in the lysosome. Sph can also be formed in the extracellular (outer leaflet) side of the plasma membrane by the action of neutral CDase enzyme. Sph then is either recycled back to ceramide or phosphorylated by one of the sphingosine k... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prior to the availability of sensitive TSH assays, thyrotropin releasing hormone or TRH stimulation tests were relied upon for confirming and assessing the degree of suppression
in suspected hyperthyroidism. Typically, this stimulation test involves determining basal
TSH levels and levels 15 to 30 minutes after an intr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The traditional method of gel extraction involves creating a folded pocket of Parafilm wax paper and placing the agarose fragment inside. The agarose is physically compressed with a finger into a corner of the pocket, partially liquifying the gel and its contents. The liquid droplets can then be directed out of the poc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sir John Conroy, 3rd Baronet, FRS (16 August 1845 – 15 December 1900) was an English analytical chemist.
Conroy was born in Kensington, west London, the son of Sir Edward Conroy, 2nd Baronet (1809–1869) and Lady Alicia Conroy. He was descended from the Ó Maolconaire family of Elphin, County Roscommon. The family had be... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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