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Several factors influence the energy penalty associated with the allylic strain. In order to relieve strain caused by interaction between the two methyl groups, the cyclohexanes will often exhibit a boat or twist-boat conformation. The boat conformation tends to be the major conformation to the strain. The effect of a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
By applying an additional electrode on a nanochannel as the gate electrode, it is possible to adjust the electrical potential inside the channel. A nanofluidic field-effect transistor can be made of silica nanotubes with an oxide as the dielectric material between the metal gate electrode and the channel. The tuning of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bacteria such as green sulfur bacteria and purple sulfur bacteria, which exist where the photic zone overlaps with euxinic water masses, leave pigments behind in sediments. These pigments can be used to identify past euxinic conditions. The pigments used to identify past presence of green sulfur bacteria are chlorobact... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A risk of ovarian stimulation is the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, particularly if hCG is used for inducing final oocyte maturation. This results in swollen, painful ovaries. It occurs in 30% of patients. Mild cases can be treated with over the counter medications and cases can be resolved in the ab... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ionic additives, such as ammonium acetate and ammonium formate, are usually used to control the mobile phase pH and ion strength. In HILIC they can also contribute to the polarity of the analyte, resulting in differential changes in retention. For extremely polar analytes (e.g. aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin) o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society covering all aspects of chemical engineering. The editor-in-chief is Phillip E. Savage (Pennsylvania State University). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ribosome-mediated attenuation is a gene expression mechanism in which a transcriptional termination signal is regulated by translation. Attenuation occurs at the start of some prokaryotic operons at sequences called "attenuators", which have been identified in operons encoding amino acid biosynthesis enzymes, pyrimidin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alarm signals need not be communicated only by auditory means. For example, many animals may use chemosensory alarm signals, communicated by chemicals known as pheromones. Minnows and catfish release alarm pheromones (Schreckstoff) when injured, which cause nearby fish to hide in dense schools near the bottom. At least... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aminoallyl nucleotide is a nucleotide with a modified base containing an allylamine. They are used in post-labeling of nucleic acids by fluorescence detection in microarray. They are reactive with N-Hydroxysuccinimide ester group which helps attach a fluorescent dye to the primary amino group on the nucleotide. These n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cyclooxygenase and cytochrome P450 oxidase act upon docosatetraenoic acid to produce dihomoprostaglandins, dihomo-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, and dihomo-EETs. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Soil-borne nematodes have been shown to transmit viruses. They acquire and transmit them by feeding on infected roots. Viruses can be transmitted both non-persistently and persistently, but there is no evidence of viruses being able to replicate in nematodes. The virions attach to the stylet (feeding organ) or to the g... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermal mixing is an energy exchange phenomenon between the electron spin ensemble and the nuclear spin, which can be thought of as using multiple electron spins to provide hyper-nuclear polarization. Note that the electron spin ensemble acts as a whole because of stronger inter-electron interactions. The strong intera... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A dispersed medium consists of two media that do not mix. More specifically, it contains discrete elements of one medium which are dispersed in a continuous second medium. The two media can be of very different nature. In particular, they can be a gas, a liquid or a solid.
Many materials which we encounter during the d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles of boric acid dissolved in petroleum or vegetable oil can form a remarkable lubricant on ceramic or metal surfaces with a coefficient of sliding friction that decreases with increasing pressure to a value ranging from 0.10 to 0.02. Self-lubricating films result from a spontaneous... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Early micro-fossils may have come from a hot world of gases such as methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide, toxic to much current life. Analysis of the tree of life places thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacteria and archaea closest to the root, suggesting that life may have evolved in a hot environm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1956, Lev Landau developed the Fermi liquid theory, where he treated the case of a Fermi liquid, i.e., a system with repulsive, not necessarily small, interactions between fermions. The theory shows that the thermodynamic properties of an ideal Fermi gas and a Fermi liquid do not differ that much. It can be shown th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Irreversible inhibitors first form a reversible non-covalent complex with the enzyme (EI or ESI). Subsequently, a chemical reaction occurs between the enzyme and inhibitor to produce the covalently modified "dead-end complex" EI* (an irreversible covalent complex). The rate at which EI* is formed is called the inactiva... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Computational methods have been increasing in popularity as a method to test possible root because they do not need to sacrifice a component to prove a root cause. Common cases where computational methods are used are for failures due to erosion, failures of components under complex stress states, and for predictive an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Writing
where is the conductance, in W/(m K).
Fourier's law can also be stated as:
The reciprocal of conductance is resistance, is given by:
Resistance is additive when several conducting layers lie between the hot and cool regions, because and are the same for all layers. In a multilayer partition, the total condu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In NMR and MRI, shimming is used prior to the operation of the magnet to eliminate inhomogeneities in its field.
Initially, the magnetic field inside an NMR spectrometer or MRI scanner will be far from homogeneous compared with an "ideal" field of the device. This is a result of production tolerances and of the magneti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Breaking C–F bonds is of interest as a way to decompose and destroy organofluorine "forever chemicals" such as PFOA and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). Candidate methods include catalysts, such as platinum atoms; photocatalysts; UV, iodide, and sulfite, radicals; etc. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Flory–Fox equation relates the number-average molecular weight, M, to the glass transition temperature, T, as shown below:
where T is the maximum glass transition temperature that can be achieved at a theoretical infinite molecular weight and K is an empirical parameter that is related to the free volume present i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For ISFET-based sensors, low-frequency noise is most detrimental to the overall SNR as it can interfere with biomedical signals which span in the same frequency domain. The noise has mainly three sources. The noise sources outside the ISFET itself are referred to as the external noise, such as environmental interferenc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plastic grids allow for a 100% porous system using structural grid systems for containing and stabilizing either gravel or turf. These grids come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on use; from pathways to commercial parking lots. These systems have been used readily in Europe for over a decade, but are gaining... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The physics and chemistry of mantle largely depend on pressure. As mantle minerals are compressed, they are transformed into other minerals at certain depths. Seismic observations of velocity discontinuities and experimental simulations on phase boundaries both verified the structure transformations within the mantle. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In most cases, unidirectional transcription of enhancer regions generates long (>4kb) and polyadenylated eRNAs. Enhancers that generate polyA+ eRNAs have a lower H3K4me1/me3 ratio in their chromatin signature than 2D-eRNAs. PolyA+ eRNAs are distinct from long multiexonic poly transcripts (meRNAs) that are generated by ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Structures containing covalent bonds can be treated using the ionic model providing they satisfy the topological conditions given above, but a special situation applies to hydrocarbons which allows the bond valence model to be reduced to the traditional bond model of organic chemistry. If an atom has a valence, V, th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In mammals, propionyl-CoA is converted to (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA by propionyl-CoA carboxylase, a biotin-dependent enzyme also requiring bicarbonate and ATP.
This product is converted to (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA by methylmalonyl-CoA racemase.
(R)-Methylmalonyl-CoA is converted to succinyl-CoA, an intermediate in the tricarb... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Jet engines power jet aircraft, cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles. In the form of rocket engines they power model rocketry, spaceflight, and military missiles.
Jet engines have propelled high speed cars, particularly drag racers, with the all-time record held by a rocket car. A turbofan powered car, ThrustSS... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SQT measurements are scaled proportionately by relative impact and visually represented on triaxial graphs. Evaluation of sediment integrity and interrelationships between components can be determined by the size and morphology of the triangle. The magnitude of the triangle is indicative of the relative impact of conta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As a long-acting injection, zuclopenthixol decanoate comes in a 200 mg and 500 mg ampoule. Doses can vary from 50 mg weekly to the maximum licensed dose of 600 mg weekly. In general, the lowest effective dose to prevent relapse is preferred. The interval may be shorter as a patient starts on the medication before exten... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The convention for a nucleic acid sequence is to list the nucleotides as they occur from the 5 end to the 3 end of the polymer chain, where 5 and 3 refer to the numbering of carbons around the ribose ring which participate in forming the phosphate diester linkages of the chain. Such a sequence is called the primary str... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Diffusiophoresis, by definition, moves colloidal particles, and so the applications of diffusiophoresis are to situations where we want to move colloidal particles. Colloidal particles are typically between 10 nanometres and a few micrometres in size. Simple diffusion of colloids is fast on length scales of a few micro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The theoretical plate height is given by
where L is the column length and N the number of theoretical plates. The relation between plate number and peak width at the base is given by | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first reported kinetic resolution was achieved by Louis Pasteur. After reacting aqueous racemic ammonium tartrate with a mold from Penicillium glaucum, he reisolated the remaining tartrate and found it was levorotatory. The chiral microorganisms present in the mold catalyzed the metabolization of (R,R)-tartrate sel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vargulin is found in certain ostracods and deep-sea fish, to be specific, Poricthys. Like the compound coelenterazine, it is an imidazopyrazinone and emits primarily blue light in the animals. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Morphological control on the nanoscale is still limited as COFs lack synthetic control in higher dimensions due to the lack of dynamic chemistry during synthesis. To date, researchers have attempted to establish better control through different synthetic methods such as solvothermal synthesis, interface-assisted synthe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Maharram Mammadyarov was born in Yayji, Julfa, Nakhichivan ASSR. In 1941, he graduated from Nakhchivan Pedagogical Technical School. He participated in WWII, serving in the Army. Mammadyarov graduated from Azerbaijan State University in 1949, and in 1953 from Leningrad Technical University by obtaining PhD. During 1953... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wotiz began studying of chemical engineering at the Czech Technical University in Prague, but went to the US with his brother in 1939 because of the German occupation of Czechoslovakia. In 1941 he received a bachelors degree in chemistry from Furman University and in 1943 a masters degree from the University of Richmon... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid movement. Flow can be measured using devices called flowmeters in various ways. The common types of flowmeters with industrial applications are listed below:
* Obstruction type (differential pressure or variable area)
* Inferential (turbine type)
* Electromagnetic
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
His wide-ranging studies of protein structure have contributed insights to viral architecture, DNA–protein recognition, and cellular signaling.
Harrison has made important contributions to structural biology, most notably by determining and analyzing the structures of viruses and viral proteins, by crystallographic ana... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fluorine may interact with biological systems in the form of fluorine-containing compounds. Though elemental fluorine (F) is very rare in everyday life, fluorine-containing compounds such as fluorite occur naturally as minerals. Naturally occurring organofluorine compounds are extremely rare. Man-made fluoride compound... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemical reaction engineering aims at studying and optimizing chemical reactions in order to define the best reactor design. Hence, the interactions of flow phenomena, mass transfer, heat transfer, and reaction kinetics are of prime importance in order to relate reactor performance to feed composition and operating con... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The dominant technology used for the production of transgenic plants for transient expression is Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation, or "agroinfiltration," and virus expression machinery. Agrobacterium tumefaciens and related Agrobacterium species are well-known plant pathogens that have been engineered to e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1952 he became the first president of the German Society for Electron Microscopy. In 1955 he received the Alfred Stock Memorial Prize, in 1964 the Seger Plaque, and in 1965 the Wolfgang Ostwald Prize. He was a member of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences (1961) and the Leopoldina (1962). In 1968 he received an honor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Esters are generally identified by gas chromatography, taking advantage of their volatility. IR spectra for esters feature an intense sharp band in the range 1730–1750 cm assigned to ν. This peak changes depending on the functional groups attached to the carbonyl. For example, a benzene ring or double bond in conjugati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methane was typically measured using gas chromatography. Gas chromatography is a type of chromatography used for separating or analyzing chemical compounds. It is less expensive in general, compared to more advanced methods, but it is more time and labor-intensive.
Spectroscopic methods were the preferred method for at... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemical analysis, capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a chromatographic technique in which the mobile phase is driven through the chromatographic bed by electro-osmosis. Capillary electrochromatography is a combination of two analytical techniques, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electroph... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Esketamine was introduced for medical use as an anesthetic in Germany in 1997, and was subsequently marketed in other countries. In addition to its anesthetic effects, the medication showed properties of being a rapid-acting antidepressant, and was subsequently investigated for use as such. Esketamine received a breakt... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many of methylenes electronic states lie relatively close to each other, giving rise to varying degrees of radical chemistry. The ground state is a triplet radical with two unpaired electrons (X̃B), and the first excited state is a singlet non-radical (ãA'). With the singlet non-radical only 38 kJ above the ground stat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Association organizes a series of biennial International Applied Geochemistry Symposia (titled the International Geochemical Exploration Symposium until 2005), held recently in Oviedo, Spain, and Perth, Australia. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aside from chlorofluorocarbons, tritium can act as a transient tracer and has the ability to "outline" the biological, chemical, and physical paths throughout the world oceans because of its evolving distribution. Tritium has thus been used as a tool to examine ocean circulation and ventilation and, for such purposes, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Peculiarly, above 1,394 °C (2,541 °F) iron changes back into the bcc structure, known as δ-Fe. δ-iron can dissolve as much as 0.08% of carbon by mass at 1,475 °C. It is stable up to its melting point of 1,538 °C (2,800 °F). δ-Fe cannot exist above 5.2 GPa, with austenite instead transitioning directly to a molten phase... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
William Frohring was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of William Erhardt Frohring, a railroad engineer, and Martha Louise Bliss. He graduated from East Technical High School in Cleveland. After graduation, he worked as a motorcycle mechanic at the Luna Park, Cleveland Motordrome. In 1911, he received a two-year schola... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The reaction mechanism was first investigated by Scott Searles and coworkers at the University of Missouri. Overall, the reaction can be thought of as a reductive coupling of the carbonyl compound and the terminal alkyne. In the Crabbé reaction, the secondary amine serves as the hydride donor, which results in the fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
# Using ATP as energy, citrate is broken down into the acetyl group and oxaloacetate.
# The acetyl group joins the coenzyme in the cytosol, forming acetyl-CoA. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Ellingham curve for the reaction 2C(s) + (g) → 2CO(g) slopes down and falls below the curves for all the metals. Hence, carbon can normally act as a reducing agent for all metal oxides at very high temperatures. But chromium formed at these temperatures reacts with carbon to form its carbide, which gives undesirab... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Drosatos received his B.Sc. from the department of biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece in 2000. In 2000, he continued with graduate studies at the Molecular Biology-Biomedicine graduate program of the department of biology and the medical school of the University of Crete. He received his M.Sc. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For any given atom, there are quantum numbers that can specify the wavefunction of that atom. Using the hydrogen atom as an example, four quantum numbers are required to fully describe the state of the system. Quantum numbers that are eigenvalues of the operators that commute with the wavefunction to describe physical ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many of these encounters are reported only in the media, and are not examples of open-ocean rogue waves. Often, in popular culture, an endangering huge wave is loosely denoted as a "rogue wave", while the case has not been established that the reported event is a rogue wave in the scientific sense – i.e. of a very diff... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Venous collapse is important during exercise, when muscular compression of leg veins is used to pump blood against gravity up to the heart, and in therapeutic compression of leg veins for the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis
partial vessel collapse occurs in vessels which undergo conditions of higher external pressur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Böttger was born in Aschersleben, Germany in 1806. After attending the primary school there he joined the school of the Franksche Stiftung in Halle an der Saale at the age of eleven. In 1824, Böttger started to study theology, but in parallel also attended the science lectures at the University Halle. The lectures of J... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*It can be prepared by Jones oxidation of cyclooctanol.
*It can also be produced by ketonization reaction starting with azelaic acid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bilbao Crystallographic Server is an open access website offering online crystallographic database and programs aimed at analyzing, calculating and visualizing problems of structural and mathematical crystallography, solid state physics and structural chemistry. Initiated in 1997 by the Materials Laboratory of the Depa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are four ways to crystallize a racemate; three of which H. W. B. Roozeboom had distinguished by 1899:
;Conglomerate (sometimes racemic conglomerate):If the molecules of the substance have a much greater affinity for the same enantiomer than for the opposite one, a mechanical mixture of enantiomerically pure cryst... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1941, science fiction writer Isaac Asimov published the science fiction short story "Reason", in which a space station transmits energy collected from the Sun to various planets using microwave beams. The SBSP concept, originally known as satellite solar-power system (SSPS), was first described in November 1968. In ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An ecologically significant aspect of bacterial organohalide respiration is the reduction of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and Trichloroethene (TCE); anthropogenic pollutants with high neuro and hepatotoxicity. Their presence as environmental pollutants arose from their common industrial use as metal-degreasing agents from t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SERS from pyridine adsorbed on electrochemically roughened silver was first observed by Martin Fleischmann, Patrick J. Hendra and A. James McQuillan at the Department of Chemistry at the University of Southampton, UK in 1973. This initial publication has been cited over 6000 times. The 40th Anniversary of the first obs... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nascent state or in statu nascendi (Lat. newly formed moiety: in the state of being born or just emerging), is an obsolete theory in chemistry. It refers to the form of a chemical element (or sometimes compound) in the instance of their liberation or formation. Often encountered are atomic oxygen (O), nascent hydrogen ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Monodisperse, nanometer-size clusters (also known as nanoclusters) are synthetically grown crystals whose size and structure influence their properties through the effects of quantum confinement. One method of growing these crystals is through inverse micellar cages in non-aqueous solvents. Research conducted on the op... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In crystal growth, a Knudsen cell is an effusion evaporator source for relatively low partial pressure elementary sources (e.g. Ga, Al, Hg, As). Because it is easy to control the temperature of the evaporating material in Knudsen cells, they are commonly used in molecular-beam epitaxy. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some forms of mutations are hereditary (germline mutations), or passed on from a parent to its offspring. Such mutated coding regions are present in all cells within the organism. Other forms of mutations are acquired (somatic mutations) during an organisms lifetime, and may not be constant cell-to-cell. These changes ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A huge variety of ionization techniques can be used to analyze single cells. The choice of ionization method is crucial for analyte detection. It can be decisive which type of compounds are ionizable and in which state they appear, e.g., charge and possible fragmentation of the ions. A few examples of ionization are me... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Unlike unanchored axial and universal expansion joints, lateral expansion joints do not load adjacent pipe supports with the axial compressive force from internal pressure since this force is absorbed by the tie rods.
Angular expansion joint
The angular expansion joint absorbs bending and angular movement. Like a simp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, the Bates–Guggenheim Convention refers to a conventional method based on the Debye–Hückel theory to determine pH standard values. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since buildings are not totally sealed (at the very minimum, there is always a ground level entrance), the stack effect will cause air infiltration. During the heating season, the warmer indoor air rises up through the building and escapes at the top either through open windows, ventilation openings, or unintentional h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lack of assay sensitivity has different implications for trials intended to show a difference greater than zero between interventions (superiority trials) and trials intended to show non-inferiority. Non-inferiority trials attempt to rule out some margin of inferiority between a test and control intervention i.e. rule ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The "A260 unit" is used as a quantity measure for nucleic acids. One A260 unit is the amount of nucleic acid contained in 1 mL and producing an OD of 1. The same conversion factors apply, and therefore, in such contexts:
:1 A260 unit dsDNA = 50 µg
:1 A260 unit ssDNA = 33 µg
:1 A260 unit ssRNA = 40 µg | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Atmospheric methane removal is a category of potential approaches being researched to accelerate the breakdown of methane that is in the atmosphere, for the purpose of mitigating some of the impacts of climate change.
Atmospheric methane has increased since pre-industrial times from 0.7 ppm to 1.9 ppm. From 2010 to 201... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Translational glycobiology or applied glycobiology is the branch of glycobiology and glycochemistry that focuses on developing new pharmaceuticals through glycomics and glycoengineering. Although research in this field presents many difficulties, translational glycobiology presents applications with therapeutic glycoco... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2012, Yu and co-workers reported a pioneering meta-selective C-H olefination using nitrile-containing templates to deliver the palladium to the meta-position via a macrocyclic cyclophane-like pre-transition state. The nitrile group is tethered to the aromatic ring by a removable linker. It coordinates weakly to pall... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Researchers at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and at the Université du Québec à Montréal claim to have overcome two of the DSC's major issues:
* "New molecules" have been created for the electrolyte, resulting in a liquid or gel that is transparent and non-corrosive, which can increase the photovoltage an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The main uses of fluoride, in terms of volume, are in the production of cryolite, NaAlF. It is used in aluminium smelting. Formerly, it was mined, but now it is derived from hydrogen fluoride. Fluorite is used on a large scale to separate slag in steel-making. Mined fluorite (CaF) is a commodity chemical used in steel-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dextromethorphan is the dextrorotatory enantiomer of levomethorphan, which is the methyl ether of levorphanol, both opioid analgesics. It is named according to IUPAC rules as (+)-3-methoxy-17-methyl-9α,13α,14α-morphinan. As its pure form, dextromethorphan occurs as an odorless, opalescent white powder. It is freely sol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Charles Hatchett's work on chemistry occurred mostly between 1796 and 1806, a ten-year period. In 1796, he published "An analysis of the Corinthian molybdate of lead", resolving a dispute over the nature of the mineral. In 1797 he was elected a Fellow of The Royal Society, largely as a result of this work. In more tha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This reaction usually applies to the interconversion of di- and trivalent metal ions, which involves the exchange of only one electron. The process is called self-exchange, meaning that the ion appears to exchange electrons with itself. The standard electrode potential for the following equilibrium:
shows the increasin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sinter roasting involves heating the fine ores at high temperatures, where simultaneous oxidation and agglomeration of the ores take place. For example, lead sulfide ores are subjected to sinter roasting in a continuous process after froth flotation to convert the fine ores to workable agglomerates for further smelting... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Close ties exists to the TU Dresden, one of eleven universities distinguished as a "University of Excellence" by the German Universities Excellence Initiative.
Due to joint appointments, the heads of the institutes and the research area simultaneously hold professorships at the Technische Universität Dresden (Faculties... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Preparative methods for small scale reactions for research or for production of fine chemicals often employ expensive consumable reagents.
* Oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes with strong oxidants such as potassium dichromate, Jones reagent, potassium permanganate, or sodium chlorite. The method is more suitabl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrolysis constants (log values) in critical compilations at infinite dilution, T = 298.15 K and I = 3 M NaClO () or 0.1 M Na medium, Data at I = 0 are not available (): | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An isotopic tracer, (also "isotopic marker" or "isotopic label"), is used in chemistry and biochemistry to help understand chemical reactions and interactions. In this technique, one or more of the atoms of the molecule of interest is substituted for an atom of the same chemical element, but of a different isotope (lik... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ionic bonding is a kind of chemical bonding that arises from the mutual attraction of oppositely charged ions. Ions of like charge repel each other, and ions of opposite charge attract each other. Therefore, ions do not usually exist on their own, but will bind with ions of opposite charge to form a crystal lattice. Th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metal thiolate functionality is pervasive in metalloenzymes. Iron-sulfur proteins, blue copper proteins, and the zinc-containing enzyme liver alcohol dehydrogenase feature thiolate ligands. Commonly thiolate is ligand is provided from the cysteine residue. All molybdoproteins feature thiolates in the form of cysteinyl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Matrix-M is a vaccine adjuvant, a substance that is added to various vaccines to stimulate the immune response. It was patented in 2020 by Novavax and is composed of nanoparticles from saponins extracted from Quillaja saponaria (soapbark) trees, cholesterol, and phospholipids. It is an immune stimulating complex (ISCO... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biochemical differences between different organisms and humans are useful for drug development. For instance, penicillin kills bacteria by inhibiting the bacterial enzyme DD-transpeptidase, destroying the development of the bacterial cell wall and inducing cell death. Thus, the study of binding sites is relevant to man... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Advancing Chemistry by Enhancing Learning in the Laboratory (ACELL) is a project for improving the teaching of Chemistry in the Laboratory. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A frigorific mixture may be used to obtain a liquid medium that has a reproducible temperature below ambient temperature. Such mixtures were used to calibrate thermometers. In chemistry a cooling bath may be used to control the temperature of a strongly exothermic reaction.
A frigorific mixture may be used as an alter... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During the study of a new pharmacological compound, the clinical trial is one of the phases before the market release.
At this level, following the directions of the clinical trial protocol, the new drug is administrated to the patient as a therapy, and the patient's clinical status is monitored aiming to evaluate poss... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Templating utilizes a mold to add nanostructure to a polymer. Molds can come from a variety of sources including natural sources, such as the lotus leaf, due to their self-cleaning properties. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Desalting spin columns are widely available with various volumes and MWCO limits:
* [http://www.piercenet.com/cat/desalting-columns Thermo Scientific Pierce Products]
* [http://www.bio-rad.com/en-us/category/bio-spin-micro-bio-spin-size-exclusion-columns Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.]
* [https://www.cytivalifesciences.com... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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