text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
Pockels was born in Venice, Austrian Empire, in 1862. At the time, Venice was under Austrian rule, and Pockels' father served in the Austrian Army. When he fell sick, the family moved in 1871 to Brunswick, which was part of the nascent German Empire. There, Pockels attended the Municipal High School for Girls. Agnes wa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a vinyl sulfone is a functional group consisting of a vinyl group bonded to a sulfone group. Specific compounds containing this functional group are divinyl sulfone, phenyl vinyl sulfone, methyl vinyl sulfone, and ethyl vinyl sulfone.
The sulfone makes the vinyl group electrophilic, allowing it to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
GaN nanotubes and nanowires are proposed for applications in nanoscale electronics, optoelectronics and biochemical-sensing applications. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Over the almost 12 years it took the two groups to reach their goal, both Woodward and Eschenmoser periodically reported on the stage of the collaborative project in lectures, some of them appearing in print. Woodward discussed the A/B approach in lectures published in 1968, and 1971, culminating in the announcement of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Imd pathway is a broadly-conserved NF-κB immune signalling pathway of insects and some arthropods that regulates a potent antibacterial defence response. The pathway is named after the discovery of a mutation causing severe immune deficiency (the gene was named "Imd" for "immune deficiency"). The Imd pathway was fi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pressure-driven flow is a method to displace liquids in a capillary or microfluidic channel with pressure. The pressure is typically generated pneumatically by compressed air or other gases (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc) or by electrical and magnetical fields or gravitation. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Finished products destined for export were transported by lorry to the Port de la Lave, where they were loaded onto cargo ships. Two methods were used for this:
*A la chenille, packed in bags as general cargo via a conveyor belt.
*A la palanquée, packed in sacks as general cargo by crane over a ramp. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In tissue engineering, neo-organ is the final structure of a procedure based on transplantation consisting of endogenous stem/progenitor cells grown ex vivo within predesigned matrix scaffolds. Current organ donation faces the problems of patients waiting to match for an organ and the possible risk of the patient's bod... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Usually binucleating ligands feature bridging ligands, such as phenoxide, pyrazolate, or pyrazine, as well as other donor groups that bind to only one of the two metal ions. Some ligands
binucleating ligands are symmetrical, which facilitates the formation of homobimetallic complexes. Other binucleating ligands, where ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Communist party Chairman Mao Zedong disdained the cities and put his faith in the Chinese peasantry for a Great Leap Forward. Mao saw steel production as the key to overnight economic modernization, promising that within 15 years China's steel production would surpass that of Britain. In 1958 he decided that steel prod... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Spath and Mamoli first synthesized anabaseine in 1936. The researchers reacted benzoic anhydride with δ-valerolactam to yield N-benzoylpiperidone. Then, N-benzoylpiperidone is reacted with nicotinic acid ethyl ester to produce α-nicotinoyl-N-benzoyl-2-piperidone. This product then is decarboxylated, undergoes a ring cl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lift and drag properties of golf balls are customized by the manipulation of dimples along the surface of the ball, allowing for the golf ball to travel further and faster in the air. The data from turbulent-flow phenomena has been used to model different transitions in fluid flow regimes, which are used to thoroughly ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2017, a new method to purify processing bodies was published. Hubstenberger et al. used fluorescence-activated particle sorting (a method based on the ideas of fluorescence-activated cell sorting) to purify processing bodies from human epithelial cells. From these purified processing bodies they were able to use mas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The strength, , of dislocation is dependent on the shear modulus, G, the magnitude of the Burgers vector, b, and the dislocation density, :
where is the intrinsic strength of the material with low dislocation density and is a correction factor specific to the material.
As shown in Figure 1 and the equation above, wor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermal composites is a term given to combinations of phase change materials (PCMs) and other (usually solid) structures. A simple example is a copper mesh immersed in paraffin wax. The copper mesh within paraffin wax can be considered a composite material, dubbed a thermal composite. Such hybrid materials are created ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The plasmon resonant frequency is highly sensitive to the refractive index of the environment; a change in refractive index results in a shift in the resonant frequency. As the resonant frequency is easy to measure, this allows LSP nanoparticles to be used for nanoscale sensing applications. Also, nanoparticles exhibit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* [http://www.inderscience.com/jhome.php?jcode=ijhst International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology]
* Hydrological Processes, (electronic) 0885-6087 (paper), John Wiley & Sons
* Hydrology Research, , IWA Publishing (formerly Nordic Hydrology)
* Journal of Hydroinformatics, , IWA Publishing
* Journal of H... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra. In narrower contexts, spectroscopy is the precise study of color as generalized from visible light to all bands of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Spectroscopy, primarily in the electromagnetic spectrum, is a fundamental exploratory ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Even if it is not a common substrate for metabolism, benzene can be oxidized by both bacteria and eukaryotes. In bacteria, dioxygenase enzyme can add an oxygen to the ring, and the unstable product is immediately reduced (by NADH) to a cyclic diol with two double bonds, breaking the aromaticity. Next, the diol is newly... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The concentration of malonyl-CoA depends on the balance between acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is reported to phosphorylate and inactivate liver ACC. This in turn decreases malonyl-CoA concentrations which stimulates fatty acid oxidation and ketogen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The direct approach measures the exposures to pollutants by monitoring the pollutant concentrations reaching the respondents. The pollutant concentrations are directly monitored on or within the person through point of contact, biological monitoring, or biomarkers. In a workplace setting, methods of workplace exposur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A reaction calorimeter is a calorimeter that measures the amount of energy released (exothermic) or absorbed (endothermic) by a chemical reaction. These measurements provide a more accurate picture of such reactions. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nanogeoscience deals with structures, properties and behaviors of nanoparticles in soils, aquatic systems and atmospheres. One of the key features of nanoparticles is the size-dependence of the nanoparticle stability and reactivity. This arises from the large specific surface area and differences in surface atomic stru... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Radiocarbon dating has been used since 1946 to determine the age of organic material as old as 50,000 years. As the organism dies, the exchange of C with the environment ceases and the incorporated C decays. Given the steady decay of radioisotopes (the half-life of C is about 5,730 years), the relative amount of C left... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another form of translational regulation in eukaryotes comes from unique elements on the 5′ UTR called upstream open reading frames (uORF). These elements are fairly common, occurring in 35–49% of all human genes. A uORF is a coding sequence located in the 5′ UTR located upstream of the coding sequences initiation site... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In practice, simple idealized thermodynamic cycles are usually made out of four thermodynamic processes. Any thermodynamic processes may be used. However, when idealized cycles are modeled, often processes where one state variable is kept constant, such as:
* adiabatic (constant heat)
* isothermal (constant temperatu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fluorescent nanoparticles are highly sought after. They have broad applications, but their use in macroscopic arrays allows them efficient in applications of plasmonics, photonics, and quantum communications. While there are many methods in assembling nanoparticles array, especially gold nanoparticles, they tend to be ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The tangential stress and the normal stress on the scraper due to pressure and viscous forces are
The same scraper stress if resolved according to Cartesian coordinates (parallel and perpendicular to the lower plate i.e. ) are
As noted earlier, all the stresses become infinite at , because the velocity gradient is inf... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Zinc is one of the most common metal ions in biological systems. Small molecule sensors for it include:
*ZX1, a compound comprizing a dipicolylamine (DPA) Zinc binding subunit that has greater affinity for Zinc than other species found in solution such as Ca and Mg.
*Zinpyr-1 (ZP1), a compound containing a dichloroflu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many low-valent and electron-rich transition metals effect stoichiometric dehalogenation. The reaction achieves practical interest in the context of organic synthesis, e.g. Cu-promoted Ullmann coupling.
The reaction is mainly conducted as stoichiometrically. Some metalloenzymes Vitamin B12 and coenzyme F430 are capab... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
No adverse effects other than carotenemia have been reported for consumption of β-carotene rich foods. Supplementation with β-carotene does not cause hypervitaminosis A. Two large clinical trials (ATBC and CARET) were conducted in tobacco smokers to see if years of β-carotene supplementation at 20 or 30 mg/day in oil-f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lord Rayleigh studied the stability of the problem with inviscid assumption i.e., perturbing Euler equations. The criterion states that in the absence of viscosity the necessary and sufficient condition for distribution of azimuthal velocity to be stable is
everywhere in the interval; and, further, that the distributi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a hydrological process which commonly occurs in coastal areas. It is described as submarine inflow of fresh-, and brackish groundwater from land into the sea. Submarine Groundwater Discharge is controlled by several forcing mechanisms, which cause a hydraulic gradient between la... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alsevers solution is a saline liquid used to prevent coagulation of blood. It is composed of 2.05% dextrose, 0.8% sodium citrate, 0.055% citric acid, and 0.42% sodium chloride. For usage, an equal volume of blood is gently, but thoroughly, mixed with the solution. This solution is used to study in vitro' anti-inflammat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is an acoustic sensor built around a disk shaped quartz crystal. It makes use of the converse piezoelectric effect. QCM, and extended versions such as QCM-D, has been widely used for protein adsorption studies, especially, real time monitoring of label-free protein adsorption. In addit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Campo de Cartagena is a natural region (comarca) located in the Region of Murcia, in Spain. For administrative purposes, it is also known as Comarca del Campo de Cartagena or Comarca de Cartagena. It is located in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, forming a plain which extends from the Sierra de Carrascoy to the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The principle of Solvent Impregnated Resins was first shown in 1971 by Abraham Warshawsky. This first venture was aimed at the extraction of metals. Ever since then, SIRs have been mainly used for metal extraction, be it heavy metals or specifically radioactive metals. Much research on SIRs has been done by J.L Cortina... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Receptor uncoupling/phosphorylation is the most rapid form of desensitization that happens within a cell, as its effects are seen within seconds to minutes of agonist application. The ß adrenergic receptor was the first to have its desensitization studied and characterized. The mechanism of desensitization involves the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C publishes scientific articles reporting research on several subdisciplines of physical chemistry:
*Nanoparticles and nanostructures
*surfaces, interfaces, and catalysis
*Electron transport, optical and electronic devices
*Energy conversion and storage
It was created in 2007 when The ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The porous medium equation name originates from its use in describing the flow of an ideal gas in a homogeneous porous medium. We require three equations to completely specify the mediums density , flow velocity field , and pressure : the continuity equation for conservation of mass; Darcys law for flow in a porous med... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Several in-vitro experiments suggest that ISWI remodelers organize nucleosome into proper bundle form and create equal spacing between nucleosomes, whereas SWI/SNF remodelers disorder nucleosomes.
* The ISWI-family remodelers have been shown to play central roles in chromatin assembly after DNA replication and mainte... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Conformational equilibrium is the tendency to favor the conformation where cyclohexane is the most stable. This equilibrium depends on the interactions between the molecules in the compound and the solvent. Polarity and nonpolarity are the main factors in determining how well a solvent interacts with a compound. Cycloh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first antiandrogen was discovered in the 1960s. Antiandrogens antagonise the androgen receptor (AR) and thereby block the biological effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Antiandrogens are important for men with hormonally responsive diseases like prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BHP)... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The protein binding principles in EBA are the same as in classical column chromatography and the common ion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction and affinity chromatography ligands can be used. After the adsorption step is complete, the fluidized bed is washed to flush out any remaining particulates. Elution of the adsorb... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Molecular breeding is the application of molecular biology tools, often in plant breeding and animal breeding. In the broad sense, molecular breeding can be defined as the use of genetic manipulation performed at the level of DNA to improve traits of interest in plants and animals, and it may also include genetic engin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Silver bromate can be used as an oxidant for the transformation of tetrahydropyranyl ethers to carbonyl compounds. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sodium bisulfite (or sodium bisulphite, sodium hydrogen sulfite) is a chemical mixture with the approximate chemical formula NaHSO. Sodium bisulfite in fact is not a real compound, but a mixture of salts that dissolve in water to give solutions composed of sodium and bisulfite ions. It appears in form of white or yell... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although the passage of food into the gastrointestinal tract results in increased blood flow to the stomach and intestines, this is achieved by diversion of blood primarily from skeletal muscle tissue and by increasing the volume of blood pumped forward by the heart each minute. The flow of oxygen and blood to the brai... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Patterson function is used to solve the phase problem in X-ray crystallography. It was introduced in 1935 by Arthur Lindo Patterson while he was a visiting researcher in the laboratory of Bertram Eugene Warren at MIT.
The Patterson function is defined as
It is essentially the Fourier transform of the intensities ra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The convergence of observed BD angles can be viewed as arising from the need to maximize overlap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the nucleophile, and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the unsaturated, trigonal center of the electrophile. (See, in comparison, the related inorgani... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When two solid bodies come in contact, such as A and B in Figure 1, heat flows from the hotter body to the colder body. From experience, the temperature profile along the two bodies varies, approximately, as shown in the figure. A temperature drop is observed at the interface between the two surfaces in contact. This p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some turbofans have an intermediate pressure (IP) compressor located between the fan and the high pressure (HP) compressor to increase overall pressure ratio. US civil engines tend to mount the IP compressor on the LP shaft, directly behind the fan, whereas Rolls-Royce normally mount the IP compressor on a separate (i.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, volatility is a material quality which describes how readily a substance vaporizes. At a given temperature and pressure, a substance with high volatility is more likely to exist as a vapour, while a substance with low volatility is more likely to be a liquid or solid. Volatility can also describe the tend... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
2A peptides are a class of 18–22 aa-long peptides, which can induce ribosomal skipping during translation of a protein in a biological cell. These peptides share a core sequence motif of , and are found in a wide range of viral families. 2A peptides can be introduced artificially to help generate polyproteins from a si... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Natural water reservoirs in Texas have been threatened by anthropogenic activities due to large petroleum refineries and oil wells (i.e. emission and wastewater discharge), massive agricultural activities (i.e. pesticide release) and mining extractions (i.e. toxic wastewater) as well as natural phenomena involving freq... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wrackmeyer-type 1,1 carboboration is proposed to go through a zwitterionic intermediate, and this intermediate has been isolated and characterized in some cases. However, the mechanism can be highly substrate and reagent dependent.
In a borane, the compound typically adopts a trigonal planar molecular geometry, making ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemical engineering, a cascade is a plant consisting of several similar stages with each processing the output from the previous stage. Cascades are most commonly used in isotope separation, distillation, flotation and other separation or purification processes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Batroxobin, is a serine protease found in snake venom produced by Bothrops atrox and Bothrops moojeni, venomous species of pit viper found east of the Andes in South America. It cleaves fibrinogen, similarly to thrombin. Batroxobin from B atrox is used as a drug called "Reptilase" that is used to stop bleeding, while... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermodynamic adiabatic processes have no entropy change. Typically, an external control modifies
the state. A quantum version of an adiabatic process can be modeled by an externally controlled time dependent
Hamiltonian . If the system is isolated, the dynamics are unitary, and therefore, is
a constant. A quantum adi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Over the decades that pheromone pest programs have been used several disadvantages have been argued when compared to the use of conventional pesticides. Most pheromones target a single species, so a specific mating disruption formulation controls only the species that uses that pheromone blend; whereas pesticides usual... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to launch his company, Alexis Moussalli also associated with Secor (Société d'exportation, commission, représentation), a French-American corporation, which was to field Tho-Radia products on the market. The brand was officially launched in 1932 for Paris and in 1933 for the rest of France. Tho-Radia creams go... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In physics, the scallop theorem states that a swimmer that performs a reciprocal motion cannot achieve net displacement in a low-Reynolds number Newtonian fluid environment, i.e. a fluid that is highly viscous. Such a swimmer deforms its body into a particular shape through a sequence of motions and then reverts to the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This rule pertains to phosphorescence and similar phenomena. Electrons vibrate and resonate around molecules in different modes (electronic state), usually depending on the energy of the system of electrons. This law states that constant-energy flipping between two electronic states happens more readily when the vibr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
They find use in coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers. Specific uses include industrial coatings, UV coating resins, floor coatings, hygiene coatings, wood coatings, adhesives, concrete coatings, automotive coatings, clear coatings and anticorrosive applications. They are also used in the design and manufacture... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The π orbitals of an alkene can stabilize a transition state by helping to delocalize the positive charge of the carbocation. For instance the unsaturated tosylate will react more quickly (10 times faster for aqueous solvolysis) with a nucleophile than the saturated tosylate.
The carbocationic intermediate will be stab... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nitriles can be prepared by the dehydration of primary amides. Common reagents for this include phosphorus pentoxide () and thionyl chloride (). In a related dehydration, secondary amides give nitriles by the von Braun amide degradation. In this case, one C-N bond is cleaved. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There is an important shortcoming for DLTS: it cannot be used for insulating materials. (Note: an insulator can be considered as a very large bandgap semiconductor.) For insulating materials it is difficult or impossible to produce a device having a space region for which width could be changed by the external voltage ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, or diffuse reflection spectroscopy, is a subset of absorption spectroscopy. It is sometimes called remission spectroscopy. Remission is the reflection or back-scattering of light by a material, while transmission is the passage of light through a material. The word remission implies ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ATP-gated channels open in response to binding the nucleotide ATP. They form trimers with two transmembrane helices per subunit and both the C and N termini on the intracellular side. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The vertical axis is labeled E for the voltage potential with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) as calculated by the Nernst equation. The "H" stands for hydrogen, although other standards may be used, and they are for room temperature only.
For a reversible redox reaction described by the following chemi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Environmental temperature: Decomposition is accelerated by high atmospheric or environmental temperature, with putrefaction speed optimized between and , further sped along by high levels of humidity. This optimal temperature assists in the chemical breakdown of the tissue and promotes microorganism growth. Decomposit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another classification system for carboxypeptidases refers to their substrate preference.
* In this classification system, carboxypeptidases that have a stronger preference for those amino acids containing aromatic or branched hydrocarbon chains are called carboxypeptidase A (A for aromatic/aliphatic).
* Carboxypeptida... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Expose-R (R stands for its mounting on the Russian module Zvezda) was mounted by Russian cosmonauts extravehicular activity on 11 March 2009 and the exposure to outer space conditions continued for 682 days until 21 January 2011, when it was brought back to Earth by the last Discovery Shuttle flight STS-133 on 9 March ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1976, fermentation broths obtained from the soil bacterium Streptomyces cattleya were found to be active in a screen for inhibitors of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Initial attempts to isolate the active compound proved difficult due to its chemical instability. After many attempts and extensive purification, the ma... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A dry cell is a type of electric battery, commonly used for portable electrical devices. Unlike wet cell batteries, which have a liquid electrolyte, dry cells use an electrolyte in the form of a paste, and are thus less susceptible to leakage.
The dry cell was developed in 1886 by the German scientist Carl Gassner, aft... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Langerin consists of a relatively short intracellular domain and an extracellular domain which consists of a neck-region and a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). The intracellular part contains a proline-rich domain (PRD). The neck region consists of alpha-helixes and mediates a formation of langerin homotrimers vi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The energy of the bulk component of a solid substrate is determined by the types of interactions that hold the substrate together. High-energy substrates are held together by bonds, while low-energy substrates are held together by forces. Covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds are much stronger than forces such as van der... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Myristoylation plays a vital role in membrane targeting and signal transduction in plant responses to environmental stress. In addition, in signal transduction via G protein, palmitoylation of the α subunit, prenylation of the γ subunit, and myristoylation is involved in tethering the G protein to the inner surface o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The hydroxyl radical, HO, is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion (HO). Hydroxyl radicals are highly reactive and consequently short-lived; however, they form an important part of radical chemistry. Most notably hydroxyl radicals are produced from the decomposition of hydroperoxides (ROOH) or, in atmospheric chemistry... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Zelinsky did not patent the gas mask he invented, believing that one should not profit from human misfortunes, and Russia transferred the right to produce it to the Allies.
*The only surviving copy of the first gas mask is in Zelinsky's apartment.
*During an internship in Germany before the start of the war, Zelinsky ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Praseodymium(III) oxalate can be prepared from the reaction of soluble praseodymium salts with oxalic acid: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One efficiency-focused research topic is improving the efficiency of photorespiration. Around 25% of the time RuBisCO incorrectly collects oxygen molecules instead of , creating and ammonia that disrupt the photosynthesis process. Plants remove these byproducts via photorespiration, requiring energy and nutrients that... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The n-octanol-water partition coefficient, K is a partition coefficient for the two-phase system consisting of n-octanol and water. K is also frequently referred to by the symbol P, especially in the English literature. It is also called n-octanol-water partition ratio.
K serves as a measure of the relationship betwee... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
VAR is used most frequently in high value applications. It is an additional processing step to improve the quality of metal. Because it is time consuming and expensive, a majority of commercial alloys do not employ the process. Nickel, titanium, and specialty steels are materials most often processed with this method... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aroa Biosurgery Limited first distributed OFM commercially in 2012 as Endoform™ Dermal Template (later Endoform™ Natural) through a distribution partnership with Hollister Incorporated (IL, USA). Endoform™ Natural and Endoform™ Antimicrobial (0.3% ionic silver w/w), are single layers of OFM is used in the treatment of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
2-Iodophenol (o-iodophenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the formula ICHOH. It is a pale yellow solid that melts near room temperature. It undergoes a variety of coupling reactions in which the iodine substituent is replaced by a new carbon group ortho to the hydroxy group of the phenol, which can be followed ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As long as natural enemies have some potential to be omnivorous, plants can provide food resources to encourage their retention and increase the impact they have on herbivore populations. This potential, however, can hinge on a number of the insect's traits. For example, hemipteran predators can use their sucking mouth... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One method that used to cool molecules to temperatures near absolute zero is laser cooling. In the Doppler cooling process, lasers are used to remove energy from electrons of a given molecule to slow or cool the molecule down. This method has applications in quantum mechanics and is related to particle traps and the Bo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dry earth is a reasonably good thermal insulator, but over several weeks of habitation, a shelter will become dangerously hot. The simplest form of effective fan to cool a shelter is a wide, heavy frame with flaps that swing in the shelter's doorway and can be swung from hinges on the ceiling. The flaps open in one dir... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the case of the murine leukemia viruses, a species of viruses capable of causing cancer in murines (mice), the viral life cycle can also be responsible for oncogenesis through a Gag-v-Onc fusion protein called "Mo-MuLV(src)", which is a Gag-v-Src protein capable of inducing oncogenesis in living mice. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cefapirin (INN, also spelled cephapirin) is an injectable, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is marketed under the trade name Cefadyl. Production for use in humans has been discontinued in the United States.
It also has a role in veterinary medicine as Metricure, an intrauterine preparation, and combined wi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Current research regarding Botrytis-induced kinase1 aims to determine how BIK1 interacts with MAPK pathway proteins as well as with the OXI1 kinase. Also, studies are being conducted to determine the relationship between BIK1 and the phosphorylizing homolog kinases PEPR1 and PEPR2. Though it is believed that PEPR1 and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gravimetric analysis, if methods are followed carefully, provides for exceedingly precise analysis. In fact, gravimetric analysis was used to determine the atomic masses of many elements in the periodic table to six figure accuracy. Gravimetry provides very little room for instrumental error and does not require a seri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Energy recovery can reduce energy consumption by 50% or more. Much of the input energy can be recovered from the concentrate flow, and the increasing efficiency of energy recovery devices greatly reduces energy requirements. Devices used, in order of invention, are:
* Turbine or Pelton wheel: a water turbine driven by ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
High-Mobility Group or HMG is a group of chromosomal proteins that are involved in the regulation of DNA-dependent processes such as
transcription, replication, recombination, and DNA repair. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To describe the flow of geophysical fluids, equations are needed for conservation of momentum (or Newton's second law) and conservation of energy. The former leads to the Navier–Stokes equations which cannot be solved analytically (yet). Therefore, further approximations are generally made in order to be able to solve ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nesmeyanov, together with N.K. Kochetkov and M.I. Rybinskaya, developed a method for the synthesis of various five- and six-membered heterocycles, which is based on the high activity of carbonyl groups and the mobility of the β-substituent in compounds of the type RCOCH=CHX. The same group of scientists developed the m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After the discovery of HEPT and TIBO, compounds screening methods were used to develop BI-RG-587, the first NNRTI commonly known as nevirapine. Like HEPT and TIBO, nevirapine blocked viral RT activity by non-competitive inhibition (with respect to dNTP binding). This reinforced the idea that the new class of anti-HIV i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mathematically, the vorticity of a three-dimensional flow is a pseudovector field, usually denoted by , defined as the curl of the velocity field describing the continuum motion. In Cartesian coordinates:
In words, the vorticity tells how the velocity vector changes when one moves by an infinitesimal distance in a dir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Emerin has been shown to interact with:
* ACTA1,
* ACTG2,
* BANF1,
* BCLAF1,
* CTNNB1,
* GMCL1,
* LMNA,
* PSME1,
* SYNE1,
* SYNE2,
* TMEM43, and
* YTHDC1. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.