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This system is also used by most bacteria for chromosome segregation.
Type I partition systems are composed of an ATPase which contains Walker motifs and a CBP which is structurally distinct in type Ia and Ib. ATPases and CBP from type Ia are longer than the ones from type Ib, but both CBPs contain an arginine finger ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1922, de Hevesy co-discovered (with Dirk Coster) the element hafnium (Hf) (Latin Hafnia for "Copenhagen", the home town of Niels Bohr). Mendeleevs 1869 periodic table arranged the chemical elements into a logical system, but a chemical element with 72 protons was missing. Hevesy determined to look for that element o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Spontaneous fission (SF) is a form of radioactive decay in which a heavy atomic nucleus splits into two or more lighter nuclei. In contrast to induced fission, there is no inciting particle to trigger the decay; it is a purely probabilistic process.
Spontaneous fission is a dominant decay mode for superheavy elements, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Four companies initially a part of the FutureGen Industrial Alliance have since dropped out of the project. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
These three metals generally form in a certain type of granite, via a similar mechanism to intrusive-related gold and copper. They are considered together because the process of forming these deposits is essentially the same. Skarn type mineralisation related to these granites is a very important type of tin, tungsten,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, lubrication theory describes the flow of fluids (liquids or gases) in a geometry in which one dimension is significantly smaller than the others. An example is the flow above air hockey tables, where the thickness of the air layer beneath the puck is much smaller than the dimensions of the puck itse... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A very popular Russian story credits Mendeleev with setting the 40% standard strength of vodka. For example, Russian Standard vodka advertises: "In 1894, Dmitri Mendeleev, the greatest scientist in all Russia, received the decree to set the Imperial quality standard for Russian vodka and the Russian Standard was born" ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A dead zone exists in the Lower St. Lawrence River area from east the Saguenay River to east of Baie Comeau, greatest at depths over and noticed since the 1930s. The main concern for Canadian scientists is the impact on fish found in the area. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diffusion process can also be calculated with Arrhenius equation:
where D is the diffusion coefficient and E is diffusion activation energy.
All three processes strongly depend on surface morphology at a certain time. For example, atoms tend to lend at the edges of a group of connected atoms, the so-called island, rath... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He enrolled at Glasgow University in 1785, but did not take a degree; however, he did graduate A.B. from the University of Dublin. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Water and zirconium can react violently at 1200 °C, at the same temperature the zircaloy cladding can react with uranium dioxide to form zirconium oxide and a uranium/zirconium alloy melt. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polymerase chain reaction itself is the process used to amplify DNA samples, via a temperature-mediated DNA polymerase. The products can be used for sequencing or analysis, and this process is a key part of many genetics research laboratories, along with uses in DNA fingerprinting for forensics and other human genetic ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because filtration and growth of biomass leads to an accumulation of matter in the filtering media, this type of fixed-film process is subject to bioclogging and flow channeling. Depending on the type of application and on the media used for microbial growth, bioclogging can be controlled using physical and/or chemical... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first and most important of the complementary organizations to link with Fulmer was Yarsley, whose expertise was particularly strong in plastics and polymers and their applications. The Yarsley organization was founded by Dr Victor Yarsley a pioneer expert in plastics and an entrepreneur. Before the Second World W... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Survivin has been shown to interact with:
* Aurora B kinase,
* CDCA8,
* Caspase 3,
* Caspase 7,
* Diablo homolog and
* INCENP. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An important implication of encapsulation is that the guest behaves differently from the way it would when in solution. The guest molecule tends to be unreactive and often has distinctive spectroscopic signatures. Compounds normally highly unstable in solution, such as arynes or cycloheptatetraene, have been isolated a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The central theme of hydrology is that water circulates throughout the Earth through different pathways and at different rates. The most vivid image of this is in the evaporation of water from the ocean, which forms clouds. These clouds drift over the land and produce rain. The rainwater flows into lakes, rivers, or aq... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The dominant use for sulfuric acid is in the "wet method" for the production of phosphoric acid, used for manufacture of phosphate fertilizers. In this method, phosphate rock is used, and more than 100 million tonnes are processed annually. This raw material is shown below as fluorapatite, though the exact composition ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Calcineurin is linked to receptors for several brain chemicals including glutamate, dopamine and GABA. An experiment with genetically-altered mice that could not produce calcineurin showed similar symptoms as in humans with schizophrenia: impairment in working memory, attention deficits, aberrant social behavior, and s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Paludiculture practices include cultivating Sphagnum and cattail. One of the largest research projects was carried out between 2006 and 2012 by researchers from Université Laval in Quebec, trialling Sphagnum farming in eastern Canada. Their bog site, on the Acadian Peninsula, was previously used for block-cutting peat ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrofusion is a method of joining MDPE, HDPE and other plastic pipes using special fittings that have built-in electric heating elements which are used to weld the joint together.
The pipes to be joined are cleaned, inserted into the electrofusion fitting (with a temporary clamp if required) and a voltage (typically... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrocarbon mixtures are a group of various volatile, highly flammable, mixtures used chiefly as nonpolar solvents. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Seeds from crosses are sown out and harvested separately for a growing season or two until enough seeds are available. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Langelier saturation index (sometimes Langelier stability index) is a calculated number used to predict the calcium carbonate stability of water. It indicates whether the water will precipitate, dissolve, or be in equilibrium with calcium carbonate. In 1936, Wilfred Langelier developed a method for predicting the p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zelinsky created a large scientific school and its scientists made fundamental contributions to various fields of chemistry. Among his students werw Academicians of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR A. A. Balandin, L. F. Vereshchagin, B. A. Kazansky, K. A. Kocheshkov, S. S. Nametkin, A. N. Nesmeyanov; Corresponding M... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lithium has been associated with several forms of kidney injury. It is estimated that impaired urinary concentrating ability is present in at least half of individuals on chronic lithium therapy, a condition called lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Continued use of lithium can lead to more serious kidney... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ortho effect is an organic chemistry phenomenon where the presence of an chemical group at the at ortho position or the 1 and 2 position of a phenyl ring, relative to the carboxylic compound changes the chemical properties of the compound. This is caused by steric effects and bonding interactions along with polar eff... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Taking (the Planck constant divided by ), (the speed of light), and (the electromagnetic coupling constant i.e. a measure of the strength of the electromagnetic force (where is the absolute value of the electronic charge and is the vacuum permittivity)) we can form a dimensionless quantity called the fine-structur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins. Translation is accomplished by the ribosome, which links proteinogenic amino acids in an order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA), usi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Consider a spherically converging shock wave that was initiated by some means at a radial location and directed towards the center. As the shock wave travels towards the origin, its strength increases since the shock wave compresses lesser and lesser amount of mass as it propagates. The shock wave location thus varie... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The purification process utilizes the cementation process to further purify the zinc. It uses zinc dust and steam to remove copper, cadmium, cobalt, and nickel, which would interfere with the electrolysis process. After purification, concentrations of these impurities are limited to less than 0.05 milligram per liter (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many drugs are hindered when providing treatment when crossing the blood-brain barrier yielding poor uptake into areas of the brain. Transferrin glycoproteins are able to bypass the blood-brain barrier via receptor-mediated transport for specific transferrin receptors found in the brain capillary endothelial cells. Due... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ouabain is a cardiac glycoside that acts by non-selectively inhibiting the -ATPase sodium–potassium ion pump. Once ouabain binds to this enzyme, the enzyme ceases to function, leading to an increase of intracellular sodium. This increase in intracellular sodium reduces the activity of the sodium–calcium exchanger (NCX... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Exometabolomics, or "metabolic footprinting", is the study of extracellular metabolites. It uses many techniques from other subfields of metabolomics, and has applications in biofuel development, bioprocessing, determining drugs' mechanism of action, and studying intercellular interactions. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For spherical vessel, there is no known explicit solution, so Frank-Kamenetskii used numerical methods to find the critical value. Here , then
If the transformations and , where is the maximum temperature which occurs at due to symmetry, are introduced
The above equation is nothing but Emden–Chandrasekhar equation, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Due to early issues with biofilm reactors, like hydraulic instability and uneven biofilm distribution, moving bed biofilm technology was developed. The MBBR system consists of an aeration tank (similar to an activated sludge tank) with special plastic carriers that provide a surface where a biofilm can grow. There is a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Shape-memory alloys have different shape-memory effects. The two common effects are one-way SMA and two-way SMA. A schematic of the effects is shown below.
The procedures are very similar: starting from martensite, adding a deformation, heating the sample and cooling it again. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An aroma compound, also known as an odorant, aroma, fragrance or flavoring, is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor. For an individual chemical or class of chemical compounds to impart a smell or fragrance, it must be sufficiently volatile for transmission via the air to the olfactory system in the upper part o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most fundamental operation in DNA computing and molecular programming is the strand displacement mechanism. Currently, there are two ways to perform strand displacement:
* Toehold mediated strand displacement (TMSD)
* Polymerase-based strand displacement (PSD) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The concepts of Hesss law can be expanded to include changes in entropy and in Gibbs free energy, since these are also state functions. The Bordwell thermodynamic cycle is an example of such an extension that takes advantage of easily measured equilibria and redox potentials to determine experimentally inaccessible Gib... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A further phenomenon of importance is whether a plume has laminar flow or turbulent flow. Usually, there is a transition from laminar to turbulent as the plume moves away from its source. This phenomenon can be clearly seen in the rising column of smoke from a cigarette. When high accuracy is required, computational fl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For ordinary alkenes, [2+2] cycloadditions only observed under photochemical activation.
The rationale for the non-observation of thermal [2+2] cycloadditions begins with the analysis of the four possible stereochemical consequences for the [2+2] cycloaddition: [2 + 2], [2 + 2], [2 + 2], [2 + 2]. The geometrically most... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There has been a long debate over the question of whether zero-point fluctuations of quantized vacuum fields are "real" i.e. do they have physical effects that cannot be interpreted by an equally valid alternative theory? Schwinger, in particular, attempted to formulate QED without reference to zero-point fluctuations ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The International Institute of Welding Technology IIW published the Guideline "Recommendations for the HFMI Treatment" in October 2016. An overview of higher frequency hammers (HFMI) is presented, and recommendations for the correct application of the method and quantitative measurements for quality assurance the guide... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemicals and their metabolites can be detected in a variety of biological substances such as blood, urine, exhaled air, hair, nails, feces, semen, breast milk, or saliva. Blood and urine are the most commonly used in occupational safety and health.
Breast milk is a favored matrix (substance) to measure lipophilic (fa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Mount Polley mineralization is classified as an alkalic porphyry copper-gold deposit. The deposits are located in the Quesnel trough, a Mesozoic volcanic arc in the Canadian segment of the North American Cordillera. Precious metal mineralization in the two Mount Polley deposits occur the felsic stock occurred durin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For an exothermic reaction, heat is released, making the net enthalpy change negative. Thus, according to the definition of the slope:
For an exothermic reaction , so
Thus, for an exothermic reaction, the Van 't Hoff plot should always have a positive slope. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fajans worked with Henry G. Moseley at the laboratory of Ernest Rutherford researching properties of the radioactive rows of the periodic table. He identified the half-lives of the uranium-actinium row and thorium nuclides.
He discovered the phenomenon of the electrochemical branching of the radioactive rows. Afterwar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Action potentials are most commonly initiated by excitatory postsynaptic potentials from a presynaptic neuron. Typically, neurotransmitter molecules are released by the presynaptic neuron. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell. This binding opens various types of ion channels. This ope... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wu Yangjie (; born 1 January 1928) is a Chinese organic chemist and a professor at Zhengzhou University. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stokes's law of sound attenuation applies to sound propagation in an isotropic and homogeneous Newtonian medium. Consider a plane sinusoidal pressure wave that has amplitude at some point. After traveling a distance from that point, its amplitude will be
The parameter is a kind of attenuation constant, dimensional... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some fluorescent chemicals exhibit significant fluorescent quenching when exposed to increasing temperatures. This effect has been used to measure and examine the thermogenic properties of mitochondria. This involves placing mitochondria-targeting thermosensitive fluorophores inside cells, which naturally localise insi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In industrial process plants, using the fact that the mass entering and leaving any portion of a process plant must balance, data validation and reconciliation algorithms may be employed to correct measured flows, provided that enough redundancy of flow measurements exist to permit statistical reconciliation and exclus... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Monochromators are used in many optical measuring instruments and in other applications where tunable monochromatic light is wanted. Sometimes the monochromatic light is directed at a sample and the reflected or transmitted light is measured. Sometimes white light is directed at a sample and the monochromator is used t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Canuel was named a Leopold fellow in 2011. She was elected a fellow of the Geochemical Society and the European Association of Geochemistry in 2016, and was named a sustaining fellow of the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography in 2019. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
is a traditional Japanese chemical compound used in the niiro process for artificially inducing patination in decorative non-ferrous metals, especially several copper alloys, with the results being metals of the irogane class. These "colour metals," virtually unknown outside Japan until the late 19th century, have ach... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As shown in Scheme 2, the next phase involved addition of the carbon atoms required for the formation of the C ring. Ketone 7 was treated with magnesium bromide diisopropylamide and underwent an aldol reaction with 4-pentanal (8) to give β-hydroxyketone 9. The hydroxyl group was protected as the asymmetric carbonate es... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vancomycin was isolated in 1953 and used clinically by 1958, while teicoplanin was discovered in 1978 and became clinically-available in 1984. Telavancin is a semi-synthetic lipoglycopeptide derivative of vancomycin approved by FDA in 2009.
Teicoplanin has historically been more widely-marketed - and thus more used - i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The sigma-2 receptor is expressed in brain and retinal cells where it regulates key pathways involved in age-related diseases such as Alzheimers disease and synucleinopathies such as Parkinsons disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, as well as dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD). The normal activity of proce... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In molecular biology, a histone octamer is the eight-protein complex found at the center of a nucleosome core particle. It consists of two copies of each of the four core histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The octamer assembles when a tetramer, containing two copies of H3 and two of H4, complexes with two H2A/H2B... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The database was pulled from the internet by the Trump administration in December 2019. The NLM said in a statement that much of the information remained available from the original sources, and that thus the database could be removed; critics, such as the Environmental Data & Governance Initiative, suggested it was pa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A conductometric titration method can also be used for the determination of the base number of petroleum products. A conductivity sensor is used to measure the conductivity of the analyte which allows the endpoint to be detected. It is suitable for both new and used products having base numbers from 1 mg to 40 mg KOH/g... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most common supercomplexes observed are Complex I/III, Complex I/III/IV, and Complex III/IV. Most of Complex II is found in a free-floating form in both plant and animal mitochondria. Complex V can be found co-migrating as a dimer with other supercomplexes, but scarcely as part of the supercomplex unit.
Supercomple... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Surfactin has non-specific cytotoxicity, causing lysis through disruption to the phospholipid bilayer present in all cells. When injected into humans as an intravascular antibiotic at concentrations at or above the of 40-60 μM, surfactin has hemolytic effects. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A transcript is an RNA molecule that is copied or transcribed from a DNA template. A transcript can be further processed by alternative splicing, which is the retention of different combinations of exons. These unique combinations of exons are termed RNA transcript isoforms. The transcriptome is a set of all RNA, inclu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photoredox catalysis is a branch of photochemistry that uses single-electron transfer. Photoredox catalysts are generally drawn from three classes of materials: transition-metal complexes, organic dyes, and semiconductors. While organic photoredox catalysts were dominant throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, soluble tr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The characteristics of pool boiling are different for zeotropic mixtures than that of pure mixtures. For example, the minimum superheating needed to achieve this boiling is greater for zeotropic mixtures than for pure liquids because of the different proportions of individual substances in the liquid versus gas phases ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Strouhal number has significant importance in analyzing the flight of animals since it is based on the streamlines and the animal's velocity as it travels through the fluid. Its significance is demonstrated through the motion of alcids as it passes through different mediums (air to water). The assessment of alcids ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Quantification of VOCs is based on the peak area measured on the chromatogram and compared to the peak area of a chemical standard:
* Internal calibration: a known quantity of a specific chemical standard is injected together with the VOCs, the measured area on the chromatogram is proportional to the injected quantity.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Porous asphalt is produced and placed using the same methods as conventional asphalt concrete; it differs in that fine (small) aggregates are omitted from the asphalt mixture. The remaining large, single-sized aggregate particles leave open voids that give the material its porosity and permeability. To ensure pavement ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are genetically engineered chromosomes derived from the DNA of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae [https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Yeast-Artificial-Chromosome], which is then ligated into a bacterial plasmid. By inserting large fragments of DNA, from 100–1000 kb, the inser... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Recent evidence suggests that similar chemical cycles to Earth's occur on a lesser scale on Mars, facilitated by the thin atmosphere, including carbon dioxide (and possibly carbon), water, sulphur, methane, oxygen, ozone, and nitrogen cycles. Many studies point to significantly more active chemical cycles on Mars in th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A high-resolution imaging (HRI) black-and-white, or panchromatic, camera is mounted adjacent to the HSI camera to enable both cameras to capture the same reflected light. The HRI camera uses a pushbroom approach just like the HSI camera with a similar lens and slit arrangement to limit the incoming light to a thin, wid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The definition of the dalton was not affected by the 2019 redefinition of SI base units, that is, 1 Da in the SI is still of the mass of a carbon-12 atom, a quantity that must be determined experimentally in terms of SI units. However, the definition of a mole was changed to be the amount of substance consisting of ex... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methylmercury is formed from inorganic mercury by the action of microbes that live in aquatic systems including lakes, rivers, wetlands, sediments, soils and the open ocean. This methylmercury production has been primarily attributed to anaerobic bacteria in the sediment. Significant concentrations of methylmercury in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This is related to the sampling rate of the analyser and the FFT rate. It is also important for the realtime spectrum analyzer to give good level accuracy.
Example: for an analyser with of realtime bandwidth (the maximum RF span that can be processed in realtime) approximately (complex) are needed. If the spectrum ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The isotopic ratios of a molecule can also be determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), sample quantity for IRMS is much lower than for NMR, and there is the possibility of coupling the mass spectrometer to a chromatographic system to enable on-line purification or analyses of several components of a comple... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At the time of discovery, it was the only homoleptic trimetallic non-carbonyl cluster featuring hydrocarbon ligands. An isolobal analogy can be made with the related Fe(CO) (μ-CO) cluster first prepared by Jones and Dewar.
Alternatively, the compound could be compared to ferrocene. In this interpretation, each iron fra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Russian biochemist Aleksander Oparin and British biologist J.B.S. Haldane independently hypothesized in the 1920s that the first cells in early Earths oceans could be, in essence, coacervate droplets. Haldane used the term primordial soup to refer to the dilute mixture of organic molecules that could have built up as a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Green roofs have been increasing in popularity in Australia over the past 10 years. Some of the early examples include the Freshwater Place residential tower in Melbourne (2002) with its Level 10 rooftop Half Acre Garden, CH2 building housing the Melbourne City Council (2006) – Australia's first 6-star Green Star Desi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To the left is the NFPA diamond as determined by the Safety Data Sheet, or SDS, by Fisher Scientific. There is minimal risk in handling the chemical. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Robert Howard Crabtree (born 17 April 1948) is a British-American chemist. He is serving as Conkey P. Whitehead Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at Yale University in the United States. He is a naturalized citizen of the United States. Crabtree is particularly known for his work on "Crabtree's catalyst" for hydrogenati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Life and particulate organic matter in the ocean have fundamentally shaped the planet. On the most basic level, particulate organic matter can be defined as both living and non-living matter of biological origin with a size of ≥0.2 μm in diameter, including anything from a small bacterium (0.2 μm in size) to blue whale... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transuranic waste (TRU) is stated by U.S. regulations, and independent of state or origin, to be waste which has been contaminated with alpha emitting transuranic radionuclides possessing half-lives greater than 20 years and in concentrations greater than 100 nCi/g (3.7 MBq/kg).
Elements having atomic numbers greater t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A Flettner rotor mounted beneath the waterline of a ship's hull and emerging laterally will act to stabilize the ship in heavy seas. By controlling the direction and speed of rotation, strong lift or downforce can be generated. The largest deployment of the system to date is in the motor yacht Eclipse. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The sample is dissolved in water, or a mixture of water and ethanol, and a few drops of neutral ferric chloride (FeCl) solution, which is prepared by adding de-ionised water. Add sodium hydroxide to the mixture until a permanent brown precipitate is formed. The formation of a red, blue, green, or purple coloration indi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SIN3A has been shown to interact with:
* CABIN1
* HBP1,
* HDAC1,
* HDAC9,
* Histone deacetylase 2,
* Host cell factor C1,
* IKZF1,
* ING1,
* KLF11,
* MNT,
* MXD1,
* Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2,
* Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2,
* OGT,
* PHF12,
* Promyelocytic leukemia protein,
* RBBP4,
* RBBP7,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Armodafinil (trade name Nuvigil) is the enantiopure compound of the eugeroic modafinil (Provigil). It consists of only the (R)-(−)-enantiomer of the racemic modafinil. Armodafinil is produced by the pharmaceutical company Cephalon Inc. and was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June 2007. In 20... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stream restoration or river restoration, also sometimes referred to as river reclamation, is work conducted to improve the environmental health of a river or stream, in support of biodiversity, recreation, flood management and/or landscape development.
Stream restoration approaches can be divided into two broad categor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In many kinds of breast cancer, aberrations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are the most common genomic abnormalities. The most common known aberrations include the PIK3CA gene mutation and the loss-of-function mutations or epigenetic silencing of PTEN. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalia... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfuric acid is non-flammable.
The main occupational risks posed by this acid are skin contact leading to burns (see above) and the inhalation of aerosols. Exposure to aerosols at high concentrations leads to immediate and severe irritation of the eyes, respiratory tract and mucous membranes: this ceases rapidly after... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxazolidinones can be prepared from amino acids or readily available amino alcohols. A large number of oxazolidinones are commercially available, including the four below.
Acylation of the oxazolidinone is achieved by deprotonation with n-butyllithium and quench with an acyl chloride. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many woody plants produce resins and antimicrobial chemicals to limit the spread of pathogens after an injury. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1929, the conversion of oleic acid to stearic acid in the presence of hydrazine was observed. The short-lived intermediate diimide was not implicated in this reductive process until the 1960s. Since that time, several methods of generating transient amounts of diimide have been developed. In the presence of unpolari... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). Alkylating agents are reagents for effecting alkylation. Alkyl groups can also be removed in a process known as dealk... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The alleles that cause heritable changes in the alleles they come into contact which are called paramutagenic, and the alleles modified by them are paramutable. Alleles that do not take part in this interaction are called neutral. When present together in an organism, the paramutable allele is converted to the paramuta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Much experimentation has been done using solitons in fiber optics applications. Solitons in a fiber optic system are described by the Manakov equations.
Solitons' inherent stability make long-distance transmission possible without the use of repeaters, and could potentially double transmission capacity as well. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Identifying the biological origin of a disease, and the potential targets for intervention, is the first step in the discovery of a medicine using the reverse pharmacology approach. Potential drug targets are not necessarily disease causing but must by definition be disease modifying. An alternative means of identifyi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous polymers that form two- or three-dimensional structures through reactions between organic precursors resulting in strong, covalent bonds to afford porous, stable, and crystalline materials. COFs emerged as a field from the overarching domain of organic materials ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The third most abundant trace metal in the human body.
It is found in cytochrome c oxidase, a protein necessary for the electron transport chain in mitochondria. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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