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In 2014 based on their research on the northern United States Atlantic marine continental margins from Cape Hatteras to Georges Bank, a group of scientists from the US Geological Survey, the Department of Geosciences, Mississippi State University, Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University and Earth Resources ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concept for an airborne LIFT instrument was developed by Zbigniew Kolber at Rutgers University in 1998. The first field test was conducted at Biosphere 2 in Arizona in 2002 using a stationary large LIFT setup equipped with a laser operating at a distance of up to 50 meters. The prototype instrument was later refine... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Researchers prove that in the developing CNS, Nav1.2 is initially expressed at all forming nodes of Ranvier. Upon maturation, nodal Nav1.2 is down-regulated and replaced by Nav1.6. Nav1.2 is also expressed during PNS node formation, which suggests that the switching of Nav-channel subtypes is a general phenomenon in t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fully developed heat flow in a pipe can be considered in the following situation. If the wall of the pipe is constantly heated or cooled so that the heat flux from the wall to the fluid via convection is a fixed value, then the bulk temperature of the fluid steadily increases or decreases respectively at a fixed rate a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Actinides with odd neutron number are generally fissile (with thermal neutrons), whereas those with even neutron number are generally not, though they are fissionable with fast neutrons. All observationally stable odd-odd nuclides have nonzero integer spin. This is because the single unpaired neutron and unpaired proto... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In case the following power-law conformal map is applied, from to :
then, writing in polar coordinates as , we have
In the figures to the right examples are given for several values of . The black line is the boundary of the flow, while the darker blue lines are streamlines, and the lighter blue lines are equi-potent... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sperm banks make information available about the sperm donors whose donations they hold to enable customers to select the donor whose sperm they wish to use. This information is often available by way of an online catalog. Subscription fees to be able to view the sperm donor through California Cryobank, for example, st... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thigmonastic movements, those that occur in response to touch, are used as a defense in some plants. The leaves of the sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica, close up rapidly in response to direct touch, vibration, or even electrical and thermal stimuli. The proximate cause of this mechanical response is an abrupt change in t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Endoglin (ENG) is a type I membrane glycoprotein located on cell surfaces and is part of the TGF beta receptor complex. It is also commonly referred to as CD105, END, FLJ41744, HHT1, ORW and ORW1. It has a crucial role in angiogenesis, therefore, making it an important protein for tumor growth, survival and metastasis ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Early fluctuations in oxygen concentration had little direct effect on life, with mass extinctions not observed until around the start of the Cambrian period, . The presence of provided life with new opportunities. Aerobic metabolism is more efficient than anaerobic pathways, and the presence of oxygen created new pos... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biebrich scarlet (C.I. 26905) is a molecule used in Lillie's trichrome.
The dye was created in 1878 by the German chemist Rudolf Nietzki.
Biebrich scarlet dyes are used to color hydrophobic materials like fats and oils. The dye is an illegal dye for food additives because of its carcinogenic properties. Biebrich scarle... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Math
* Chemistry
* Physics
* Fluid Mechanics
* Chemical Reaction Engineering
* Thermodynamics
* Chemical Thermodynamics
* Engineering Mechanics
* Fluid Dynamics
* Heat Transfer
* Mass Transfer
* Transport Phenomena
* Green Chemistry and Sustainability
* Process Control
* Process Instrumentation
* Process Safety
* U... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Consider the element at radius r, shown in Fig. 1, which has the infinitesimal length dr and the width b. The motion of the element in an aircraft propeller in flight is along a helical path determined by the forward velocity V of the aircraft and the tangential velocity 2πrn of the element in the plane of the propelle... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most triptans were developed and introduced in the 1990s. Further studies have not shown much promise regarding the development of new triptans with better duration of action, efficacy and safety profile. Therefore, it is unlikely that further variations will be developed and new anti-migraine drugs are likely to have ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CAF formation is a process involving the transport of conductive chemistries across a nonmetallic substrate under the influence of an applied electric field. CAF is influenced by electric field strength, temperature (including soldering temperatures), humidity, laminate material, and the presence of manufacturing defec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mineral Chenevixite was named in his honour because of his earlier work analysing copper ferrate arsenates. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, the Knudsen equation is used to describe how gas flows through a tube in free molecular flow. When the mean free path of the molecules in the gas is larger than or equal to the diameter of the tube, the molecules will interact more often with the walls of the tube than with each other. For typical t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Iron has many important roles in animal biology, specifically when considering oxygen transport in the bloodstream, oxygen storage in muscles, and enzymes. Known isotope variations are shown in the figure below. Iron isotopes could be useful tracers of the iron biochemical pathways in animals, and also be indicative of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The enzyme rhodanase (thiosulfate sulfurtransferase) catalyzes the detoxification of cyanide ion by thiosulfate ion by transforming them into thiocyanate ion and sulfite ion:
Sodium thiosulfate has been considered as an empirical treatment for cyanide poisoning, along with hydroxocobalamin. It is most effective in a pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mathematical expression of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm involving only one sorbing species can be demonstrated in different ways: the kinetics approach, the thermodynamics approach, and the statistical mechanics approach respectively. In case of two competing adsorbed species, the competitive adsorption model i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
((N,N'-dimethylacrylamide)-co-4-phenylazophenyl acrylate) at the active site of endoglycanase creates a photoswitchable protein hybrid. The resulting hybrid catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycoside when irradiated by 350 nm UV light, but turns inactive under 420 nm visible light depending on the conformation of the conjug... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
tert-Butyllithium is produced commercially by treating tert-butyl chloride with lithium metal. Its synthesis was first reported by R. B. Woodward in 1941. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Work on alternatives for chlorofluorocarbons in refrigerants began in the late 1970s after the first warnings of damage to stratospheric ozone were published.
The hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are less stable in the lower atmosphere, enabling them to break down before reaching the ozone layer. Nevertheless, a signif... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The definition of thermodynamic work is in terms of the changes of the system's extensive deformation (and chemical constitutive and certain other) state variables, such as volume, molar chemical constitution, or electric polarisation. Examples of state variables that are not extensive deformation or other such variabl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Israel has the highest rate of IVF in the world, with 1,657 procedures performed per million people per year. Couples without children can receive funding for IVF for up to two children. The same funding is available for people without children who will raise up to two children in a single parent home. IVF is available... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Haifuki-ho (灰吹法; literally "ash-blowing method"), also known as Lead-silver separation method (Korean: 연은분리법; Hanja: 鉛銀分離法) is a method of silver mining developed in Joseon dynasty of Korea in the 16th century and spread to China and Feudal Japan. The industrial process involved cupellation, and was a contributing fact... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
By the time propranolol was launched, ICI was beginning to experience competition from other companies. This potential threat led to ongoing refinements in the pharmacologic structure of β-blockers and subsequent advances in drug delivery. ICI studied analogues further and in 1970 launched practolol (figure 4) under th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When a fissile atom undergoes nuclear fission, it breaks into two or more fission fragments. Also, several free neutrons, gamma rays, and neutrinos are emitted, and a large amount of energy is released. The sum of the rest masses of the fission fragments and ejected neutrons is less than the sum of the rest masses of t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The theory of diffusion-controlled reaction was originally utilized by R.A. Alberty, Gordon Hammes, and Manfred Eigen to estimate the upper limit of enzyme-substrate reaction. According to their estimation, the upper limit of enzyme-substrate reaction was 10 M s.
In 1972, it was observed that in the dehydration of HCO ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The current ACELL project began as APCELL (Australian Physical Chemistry Enhanced Laboratory Learning) in the late 1990s. Initially funded by the Australian Government through its Committee for University Teaching and Staff Development (CUTSD) program, the aim of APCELL was to build a database of tested, educationally... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The majority of these twintrons have been characterized within the Euglena chloroplast genome but these elements have also been found in cryptomonad algae (Pyrenomonas salina), and group I intron based twintrons (group I inserted within a group I intron) have been described in Didymium iridis. Since the discovery of th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Organisms may secrete bioadhesives for use in attachment, construction and obstruction, as well as in predation and defense. Examples include their use for:
* Colonization of surfaces (e.g. bacteria, algae, fungi, mussels, barnacles, rotifers)
* Mussel's byssal threads
* Tube building by polychaete worms, which live in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The eddy dissipation concept (EDC) model is an extension of the eddy dissipation model to include detailed chemical mechanism in turbulent flows. The EDC model attempts to incorporate the significance of fine structures in a turbulent reacting flow in which combustion is important. EDC has been proven efficient withou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A balance of magnesium is vital to the well-being of all organisms. Magnesium is a relatively abundant ion in Earth's crust and mantle and is highly bioavailable in the hydrosphere. This availability, in combination with a useful and very unusual chemistry, may have led to its utilization in evolution as an ion for sig... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As a simplest approach to rotational coherence, one may define an elliptic LCS as a tubular material surface along which small material volumes complete the same net rotation over the time intervall of interest.
A challenge in that in each material volume element, all individual material fibers (tangent vectors to tra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In general, the analysis of the capacitance transients in the DLTS measurements assumes that the concentration of investigated traps is much smaller than the material doping concentration. In cases when this assumption is not fulfilled then the constant capacitance DLTS (CCDLTS) method is used for more accurate determi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a nitrile is any organic compound that has a functional group. The name of the compound is composed of a base, which includes the carbon of the , suffixed with "nitrile", so for example is called "propionitrile" (or propanenitrile). The prefix cyano- is used interchangeably with the term nitrile... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Permanent gas is a term used for a gas which has a critical temperature below the range of normal human-habitable temperatures and therefore cannot be liquefied by pressure within this range. Historically such gases were thought to be impossible to liquefy and would therefore permanently remain in the gaseous state. Th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Day was married to Frances, who died in 2018, and had two children, Alison and Christopher, and five grandchildren. Day died on 19 May 2020, at his home in Marsh Baldon, Oxfordshire, at the age of 81. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Additives are also used to overturn conformational preferences, increase reaction concentration, and chelate highly polar groups, such as esters or amides, which can bind to the catalyst. Titanium isopropoxide (Ti(OPr)) is commonly used to chelate polar groups to prevent catalyst poisoning and in the case of an ester, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to its use in recovering silver in lead refineries, the BBOC has been used to treat anode slimes from copper electrolytic refineries.
Anode slimes are composed of solid particles that do not dissolve in the electrolyte in the refining cells. This includes the gold and silver present in the copper anodes tha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mechanism of fluorination by SF is assumed to resemble chlorination by phosphorus pentachloride. Hydrogen fluoride, a useful solvent for these reactions, activates SF:
Species of the type ROSF are often invoked as intermediates. In the case of aldehydes and ketones, SF4 is thought to initially add across the doubl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reactive flows are flows that are chemically reactive, which finds its applications in many areas, including combustion (IC engine), propulsion devices (rockets, jet engines, and so on), detonations, fire and safety hazards, and astrophysics. In addition to conservation of mass, momentum and energy, conservation of ind... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In crystallography, a Strukturbericht designation or Strukturbericht type is a system of detailed crystal structure classification by analogy to another known structure. The designations were intended to be comprehensive but are mainly used as supplement to space group crystal structures designations, especially histor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While α-galactose as a part of glycoprotein glycans from vertebrates other than higher apes was known for a long time as being a prominent xeno-antigen, its implication in allergy only began to materialize when complications during treatment with a recombinant monoclonal antibody (Erbitux) were attributed to IgE direct... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The micelle packing parameter equation is utilized to help "predict molecular self-assembly in surfactant solutions":
where is the surfactant tail volume, is the tail length, and is the equilibrium area per molecule at the aggregate surface. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The NNT is an important measure in pharmacoeconomics. If a clinical endpoint is devastating enough (e.g. death, heart attack), drugs with a high NNT may still be indicated in particular situations. If the endpoint is minor, health insurers may decline to reimburse drugs with a high NNT. NNT is significant to consider w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Söllner was the son of lawyer Anton Maria Söllner and his wife Julie ( Karplus). He grew up in Vienna and began studying chemistry and philosophy at the University of Vienna in 1921. From his third semester he was a student assistant (Demonstrator) at the university. He completed his dissertation with Alfons Klemenc. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
TFH is a ten‐subunit complex; seven of these subunits comprise the “core” whereas three comprise the dissociable “CAK” (CDK Activating Kinase) module. The core consists of subunits XPB, XPD, p62, p52, p44, p34 and p8 while CAK is composed of CDK7, cyclin H, and MAT1. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most naturally occurring nuclides on earth are beta stable. Nuclides that are not beta stable have half-lives ranging from under a second to periods of time significantly greater than the age of the universe. One common example of a long-lived isotope is the odd-proton odd-neutron nuclide , which undergoes all three ty... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fundamentally, pressure-based meters measure kinetic energy density. Bernoulli's equation (used above) relates this to mass density and volumetric flow:
where constant terms are absorbed into k. Using the definitions of density (), molar concentration (), and molar mass (), one can also derive mass flow or molar flow (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The thermal expansion coefficients depends on the modification of zirconia as follows:
* Monoclinic: 7·10/K
* Tetragonal: 12·10/K
* YO stabilized: 10,5·10/K | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The hydraulic jump is the most commonly used choice of design engineers for energy dissipation below spillways and outlets. A properly designed hydraulic jump can provide for 60-70% energy dissipation of the energy in the basin itself, limiting the damage to structures and the streambed. Even with such efficient energy... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Odd-chain fatty acids (OCFAs) are those fatty acids that contain an odd number of carbon atoms. The most common OCFAs are the saturated C15 and C17 derivatives, respectively pentadecanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid. The synthesis of even-chained fatty acid synthesis is done by assembling acetyl-CoA precursors, however... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ships and marine facilities must conform to an international standard for piping systems identification. This is ISO 14726:2008 Ships and marine technology — Identification colours for the content of piping systems.
This is a two-colour banded marking system. The main colour shows what the fluid is being used for. This... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Esomeprazole can be used as a parasiticide. Gokmen et al., 2016 screen for efficacy against Trichomonas vaginalis isolates from horses. They found esomeprazole to be effective as a veterinary antiparasitic. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, a diamino acid, also called a diamino carboxylic acid, is a molecule including a carboxylic acid and two amine functional groups. Diamino acids belong to the class of amino acids. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Monoclinic phosphorus, or violet phosphorus, is also known as Hittorfs metallic phosphorus. In 1865, Johann Wilhelm Hittorf heated red phosphorus in a sealed tube at 530 °C. The upper part of the tube was kept at 444 °C. Brilliant opaque monoclinic, or rhombohedral, crystals sublimed as a result. Violet phosphorus can ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Enzymatically active lactate dehydrogenase is consisting of four subunits (tetramer). The two most common subunits are the LDH-M and LDH-H peptides, named for their discovery in muscle and heart tissue, and encoded by the LDHA and LDHB genes, respectively. These two subunits can form five possible tetramers (isoenzymes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The formation of the link between the glycan and the protein is key element of the synthesis of glycoproteins. The most common method of glycosylation of N-linked glycoproteins is through the reaction between a protected glycan and a protected Asparagine. Similarly, an O-linked glycoprotein can be formed through the ad... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Pacific Proving Grounds was the name used to describe a number of sites in the Marshall Islands and a few other sites in the Pacific Ocean, used by the United States to conduct nuclear testing at various times between 1946 and 1962. In July 1947, after the first atomic weapons testing at Bikini Atoll, the United St... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A cannulated cow or fistulated cow refers to a cow that has been surgically fitted with a cannula. A cannula acts as a porthole-like device that allows access to the rumen of a cow, to perform research and analysis of the digestive system and to allow veterinarians to transplant rumen contents from one cow to another.
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
:Protein enzymes catalyze various chemical reactions, but over half of them incorporate cofactors to facilitate and diversify their catalytic activities. Cofactors are essential in biology, as they are based largely on nucleotides rather than amino acids. Ribozymes use nucleotide cofactors to create metabolism, with tw... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Arctic sea ice has experienced an extreme reduction over the past few decades, with the minimum area of sea ice being 4.32 million km in 2019, a sharp 38% decrease from 1980, when the minimum area was 7.01 million km. Sea ice plays an important role in the health of the Arctic Ocean, and its decline has had detrimental... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When water flows over a dam spillway, the irregularities on the spillway surface will cause small areas of flow separation in a high-speed flow, and, in these regions, the pressure will be lowered. If the flow velocities are high enough the pressure may fall to below the local vapor pressure of the water and vapor bub... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The law is amended to include a contribution by the volume viscosity :
The volume viscosity coefficient is relevant when the fluid's compressibility cannot be ignored, such as in the case of ultrasound in water. The volume viscosity of water at 15 C is 3.09 centipoise. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neurotransmitters bind to ionotropic receptors on postsynaptic neurons, either causing their opening or closing. The variations in the quantities of neurotransmitters released from the presynaptic neuron may play a role in regulating the effectiveness of synaptic transmission. In fact, the concentration of cytoplasmic ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Grignard reactions and reagents were discovered by and are named after the French chemist François Auguste Victor Grignard (University of Nancy, France), who described them in 1900. He was awarded the 1912 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work.
The reaction of an organic halide with magnesium is not a Grignard reacti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mutations in the coding region can have very diverse effects on the phenotype of the organism. While some mutations in this region of DNA/RNA can result in advantageous changes, others can be harmful and sometimes even lethal to an organism's survival. In contrast, changes in the non-coding region may not always result... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Monomer 1 is consumed with reaction rate:
with the concentration of all the active chains terminating in monomer 1, summed over chain lengths. is defined similarly for monomer 2.
Likewise the rate of disappearance for monomer 2 is:
Division of both equations by followed by division of the first equation by the secon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CDw17 antigen is a lactosylceramide, a class of glycosphingolipids found in microdomains on the plasma layers of numerous cells.
The enzyme A4GALT acts upon it, aiding transfer of galactose to lactosylceramide to form globotriaosylceramide. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Archimedes principle (also spelled Archimedess principle) states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. Archimedes' principle is a law of physics fundamental to fluid mechanics. It was formulat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) – also known as ancestral gene/sequence reconstruction/resurrection – is a technique used in the study of molecular evolution. The method uses related sequences to reconstruct an "ancestral" gene from a multiple sequence alignment.
The method can be used to resurrect ancestral pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ding was born in March 1966 in Yongcheng, Henan, China. He earned his bachelor's degree from Zhengzhou University in 1985 and his Ph.D. from the Department of Chemistry of Nanjing University in 1990. His doctoral advisor was Wu Yangjie.
Ding became a faculty member of Zhengzhou University in 1990. He conducted postdoct... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In rheology, the Farris Effect describes the decrease of the viscosity of a suspension upon increasing the dispersity of the solid additive, at constant volume fraction of the solid additive. That is, that a broader particle size distribution yields a lower viscosity than a narrow particle size distribution, for the sa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stream restoration is gradually being introduced in the legislative framework of various states. Examples include the European water framework's commitment to restoring surface water bodies, the adoption of the concept of freedom space in the French legislation, the inclusion in the Swiss legislation of the notion of s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some Marshallese have alleged that the exposure of the Marshallese was premeditated. In 1972, Micronesian Representative Ataji Balos charged at the Congress of Micronesia that the exposure during Bravo was purposeful so that the AEC could develop medical capabilities for treating those exposed to fallout during nuclear... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Burgers' equation or Bateman–Burgers equation is a fundamental partial differential equation and convection–diffusion equation occurring in various areas of applied mathematics, such as fluid mechanics, nonlinear acoustics, gas dynamics, and traffic flow. The equation was first introduced by Harry Bateman in 1915 and l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Avogadros hypothesis (as it was known originally) was formulated in the same spirit of earlier empirical gas laws like Boyles law (1662), Charless law (1787) and Gay-Lussacs law (1808). The hypothesis was first published by Amadeo Avogadro in 1811, and it reconciled Dalton atomic theory with the "incompatible" idea o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Bellini–Tosi direction finder was a type of radio direction finder that was widely used from World War I to World War II. It used the signals from two crossed antennas, or four individual antennas simulating two crossed ones, to re-create the radio signal in a small area between two loops of wire. The operator coul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Underpotential deposition (UPD), in electrochemistry, is a phenomenon of electrodeposition of a species (typically reduction of a metal cation to a solid metal) at a potential less negative than the equilibrium (Nernst) potential for the reduction of this metal. The equilibrium potential for the reduction of a metal in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neutron scattering techniques particularly profit from availability of deuterated samples: The H and H cross sections are very distinct and different in sign, which allows contrast variation in such experiments. Further, a nuisance problem of ordinary hydrogen is its large incoherent neutron cross section, which is nil... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cu is strongly cycled in the surface and deep ocean. In the deep ocean, Cu concentrations are ~5 nM in the Pacific and ~1.5 nM in the Atlantic. The deep/surface ratio of Cu in the ocean is typically <10, and vertical concentration profiles for Cu are roughly linear due to biological recycling and scavenging processes a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1953, Charles Frank proposed a model to demonstrate that homochirality is a consequence of autocatalysis. In his model the and enantiomers of a chiral molecule are autocatalytically produced from an achiral molecule A
while suppressing each other through a reaction that he called mutual antagonism
In this model th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2008, the submission was announced of a registration dossier to the European Medicines Agency and the FDA for Yondelis when administered in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil, Caelyx) for the treatment of women with relapsed ovarian cancer. In 2011, Johnson & Johnson voluntarily withdrew the su... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Laminar flow is encountered in practice with very viscous fluids, such as motor oil, flowing through small-diameter tubes, at low velocity. Friction loss under conditions of laminar flow follow the Hagen–Poiseuille equation, which is an exact solution to the Navier-Stokes equations. For a circular pipe with a fluid of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A single-molecule electrically operated motor made from a single molecule of n-butyl methyl sulfide (CHS) has been reported. The molecule is adsorbed onto a copper (111) single-crystal piece by chemisorption. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, the pentagonal planar molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where five atoms, groups of atoms, or ligands are arranged around a central atom, defining the vertices of a pentagon. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Splat quenching is a metallurgical, metal morphing technique used for forming metals with a particular crystal structure by means of extremely rapid quenching, or cooling.
A typical technique for splat quenching involves casting molten metal by pouring it between two massive, cooled copper rollers that are constantly c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Experimental work by White and Brantley (2003) highlighted some of the limitations of the Goldich dissolution series, most notably that some variations in weathering rates of different minerals are not as pronounced as Goldich argues. According to the Goldich dissolution series, anorthite, a plagioclase feldspar, shou... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Systemic ablation of dendritic cells (DCs) was shown to cause fatal manifestations of autoimmunity which points to their importance in central tolerance. Indeed, as mTECs represent exclusive donors of TRAs, experiments with first antigen transfer mouse models discovered thymic dendritic cells (DCs) to be so far the onl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An encryption system constructed by pillar[5]arene, spiropyran and pentanenitrile (free state and grafted to polymer) was constructed by Wang et al. After UV irradiation, spiropyran would transform into merocyanine. When the visible light was shined on the material, the merocyanine close to the pillar[5]arene-free pent... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An interesting aspect of particle-laden flows is preferential migration of particles to certain regions within the fluid flow. This is often characterized by the Stokes number (St) of the particles. At low St, particles tend to act as tracers and are uniformly distributed. At high St, particles are heavy and are influe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Scintillation counters are usually not ideal for the detection of heavy ions for three reasons:
# the very high ionizing power of heavy ions induces quenching effects which result in a reduced light output (e.g. for equal energies, a proton will produce 1/4 to 1/2 the light of an electron, while alphas will produce onl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Drug titration is the process of adjusting the dose of a medication for the maximum benefit without adverse effects.
When a drug has a narrow therapeutic index, titration is especially important, because the range between the dose at which a drug is effective and the dose at which side effects occur is small. Some exam... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oxyhydrogen is associated with various exaggerated claims. It is often called "Brown's gas" or "HHO gas", a term popularized by fringe physicist Ruggero Santilli, who claimed that his HHO gas, produced by a special apparatus, is "a new form of water", with new properties, based on his fringe theory of "magnecules".
Man... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
nc-AFM was the first form of AFM to achieve true atomic resolution images, rather than averaging over multiple contacts, both on non-reactive and reactive surfaces.
nc-AFM was the first form of microscopy to achieve subatomic resolution images, initially on tip atoms and later on single iron adatoms on copper.
nc-AFM ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As a recently created program, environmental engineering science has not yet been incorporated into the terminology found among environmentally focused professionals. In the few engineering colleges that offer this major, the curriculum shares more classes in common with environmental engineering than it does with env... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A bioprocessor is a miniaturized bioreactor capable of culturing mammalian, insect and microbial cells. Bioprocessors are capable of mimicking performance of large-scale bioreactors, hence making them ideal for laboratory scale experimentation of cell culture processes. Bioprocessors are also used for concentrating bi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gregory Fu and colleagues have developed a methodology utilizing a chiral DMAP analogue to achieve excellent kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols. Initial studies utilizing ether as a solvent, low catalyst loadings (2 mol %), acetic anhydride as the acylating agent, and triethylamine at room temperature gave select... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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