text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
PDE5 inhibitors have broad-ranging effects on the cardiovascular system beyond their acute haemodynamic influence. For example, PDE5 inhibitors have been shown to improve several parameters of endothelial function. Increasingly, their use in the management of systemic hypertension (including treatment-resistant hyperte... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Galenic formulation deals with the principles of preparing and compounding medicines in order to optimize their absorption. Galenic formulation is named after Claudius Galen, a 2nd Century AD Greek physician, who codified the preparation of drugs using multiple ingredients. Today, galenic formulation is part of pharmac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Depending on how many targets or analytes are being measured:
#Usual assays are simple or single target assays which is usually the default unless it is called multiplex.
#Multiplex assays are used to simultaneously measure the presence, concentration, activity, or quality of multiple analytes in a single test. The adv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a leading cause of death in the world. It was identified as a disease in 1981. Two years later the etiology agent for AIDS, the HIV was described. HIV is a retrovirus and has two major serotypes, HIV-1 and HIV-2. The pandemic mostly involves HIV-1 while HIV-2 has lower morbi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This algorithm is performed on a Lewis structure (a diagram that shows all valence electrons). Oxidation state equals the charge of an atom after each of its heteronuclear bonds has been assigned to the more-electronegative partner of the bond (except when that partner is a reversibly bonded Lewis-acid ligand) and homo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1906 Ehrlich developed a new derivative of arsenic compound, which he code-named Compound 606 (the number representing the series of all his tested compounds). The compound was effective against malaria infection in experimental animals. In 1905, Fritz Schaudinn and Erich Hoffmann identified a spirochaete bacterium ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The program motivates companies to disclose and reduce their environmental impacts by using the power of investors and companies. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An osmotic coefficient is a quantity which characterises the deviation of a solvent from ideal behaviour, referenced to Raoult's law. It can be also applied to solutes. Its definition depends on the ways of expressing chemical composition of mixtures.
The osmotic coefficient based on molality m is defined by:
and on a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A nested gene is a gene whose entire coding sequence lies within the bounds (between the start codon and the stop codon) of a larger external gene. The coding sequence for a nested gene differs greatly from the coding sequence for its external host gene. Typically, nested genes and their host genes encode functionally ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The zeroth law of thermodynamics describes thermal equilibrium between thermodynamic systems in form of an equivalence relation. Accordingly, all thermal systems may be divided into a quotient set, denoted as M. If the set M has the cardinality of c, then one can construct an injective function , by which every thermal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wood-tar creosote is to some extent used for wood preservation, but it is generally mixed with coal-tar creosote, since the former is not as effective. Commercially available preparations of "liquid smoke", marketed to add a smoked flavour to meat and aid as a preservative, consist primarily of creosote and other const... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The anodized aluminium layer is created by passing a direct current through an electrolytic solution, with the aluminium object serving as the anode (the positive electrode in an electrolytic cell). The current releases hydrogen at the cathode (the negative electrode) and oxygen at the surface of the aluminium anode, c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cohen was born in Boston, the son of a furrier from England, and was the first in his family with a college education. He graduated from Tufts University in 1951. He was guided towards science instead of medicine in a chance encounter with Isaac Asimov while working a summer job as a waiter, and completed his Ph.D. at ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In eukaryotes, oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial cristae. It comprises the electron transport chain that establishes a proton gradient (chemiosmotic potential) across the boundary of the inner membrane by oxidizing the NADH produced from the Krebs cycle. ATP is synthesized by the ATP synthase enzyme... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The "strain energy" of a molecule is a quantity that is difficult to precisely define, so the meaning of this term can easily vary depending on one's interpretation. Instead, an objective way to view the allylic strain of a molecule is through its conformational equilibrium. Comparing the heats of formation of the invo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Atomization and Sprays is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal published monthly by Begell House. Founded by Norman Chigier in 1991, it presents original archival-quality research on the physical structure of liquids undergoing breakup and on their interaction with gaseous flow and solid surfaces. Curr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Unimolecular ion decomposition is the fragmentation of a gas phase ion in a reaction with a molecularity of one. Ions with sufficient internal energy may fragment in a mass spectrometer, which in some cases may degrade the mass spectrometer performance, but in other cases, such as tandem mass spectrometry, the fragment... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The exact timing at which life emerged on Earth is unknown. Minimum age estimates are based on evidence from the geologic rock record. The earliest physical evidence of life so far found consists of microbialites in the Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt of Northern Quebec, in banded iron formation rocks at least 3.77 and po... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Depending on the type of ligand a co-receptor binds, its location and function can vary. Various ligands include interleukins, neurotrophic factors, fibroblast growth factors, transforming growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factors and epidermal growth factors. Co-receptors prominent in embryonic tissue have a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to the Egyptologist Wallis Budge, the Arabic word al-kīmiyaʾ actually means "the Egyptian [science]", borrowing from the Coptic word for "Egypt", kēme (or its equivalent in the Mediaeval Bohairic dialect of Coptic, khēme). This Coptic word derives from Demotic kmỉ, itself from ancient Egyptian kmt. The ancien... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To insert a mutation into a DNA sequence, a specific primer is designed. The primer may contain a single substitution or contain a new sequence at its 5 end. If a deletion is required, a sequence that is 5 of the deletion is added, because the 3' end of the primer must have complementarity to the template strand so tha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugars, are the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units (monomers) from which all carbohydrates are built. Simply, this is the structural unit of carbohydrates.
They are usually colorless, water-soluble, and crystalline organic soli... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alpha-thujaplicinol, an isomer of thujaplicinol, is often encountered in the Asian species of Thujopsis dolabrata, and exhibits high antibacterial and antifungal activities. It has been found to be effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Legionella pneumophila, even at low inhibitory concentrations (1.56 to 50 mg/m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The hydraulic gradient is a vector gradient between two or more hydraulic head measurements over the length of the flow path. For groundwater, it is also called the Darcy slope, since it determines the quantity of a Darcy flux or discharge. It also has applications in open-channel flow where it is also known as stream ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lutathera is a peptide receptor radioligand/radionuclide therapy (approved by the FDA in 2018) specifically for patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) that have somatostatin hormone receptors (SSTR). The radioisotope is Lu-177 and the ligand is a SSTR on the surface of tumor cells.
Lu-17... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are twenty-one species currently classified under Ancyronyx. Eleven of these are endemic to the Philippines, which may indicate that the country is a center of diversity for the genus. Most of the species have highly restricted distributions, often being found in only one island.
*Ancyronyx acaroides – Southeast... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When certain liquids needs to be purified, siphoning can help prevent either the bottom (dregs) or the top (foam and floaties) from being transferred out of one container into a new container. Siphoning is thus useful in the fermentation of wine and beer for this reason, since it can keep unwanted impurities out of the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a screen with replicates, we can directly estimate data variability for each compound, and thus we can use more powerful methods, such as SSMD for cases with replicates and t-statistic that does not rely on the strong assumption that the z-score and z*-score rely on. One issue with the use of t-statistic and associa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Storm water runoff in a combined sewer produces a first foul flush with a suspension of accumulated sanitary solids from the sewer in addition to pollutants from surface runoff. Inflow may produce a foul flush effect in sanitary sewers if flows peak during wet weather. As flow rates increase above average, a relatively... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Passive daytime radiative cooling surfaces can be integrated with solar energy plants, referred to as solar energy–radiative cooling (SE–RC), to improve functionality and performance by preventing solar cells from overheating and thus degrading. Since solar cells have a maximum efficiency of 33.7% (with the average com... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Preparation of the diluted acid can be dangerous due to the heat released in the dilution process. To avoid splattering, the concentrated acid is usually added to water and not the other way around. A saying used to remember this is "Do like you oughta, add the acid to the water". Water has a higher heat capacity than ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RIP causes G:C to A:T transition mutations within repeats, however, the mechanism that detects the repeated sequences is unknown. RID is the only known protein essential for RIP. It is a DNA methyltransferease-like protein, that when mutated or knocked out results in loss of RIP. Deletion of the rid homolog in Aspergil... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In genetics, an operon is a functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter. The genes are transcribed together into an mRNA strand and either translated together in the cytoplasm, or undergo splicing to create monocistronic mRNAs that are translated separately, i.e. several... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rhodizonic acid was discovered by Austrian chemist Johann Heller in 1837, by analyzing the products of heating a mixture of potassium carbonate and charcoal. The name comes from Greek (rhodizō, "to tinge red"), on account of the color of its salts. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To get to the Kuo criterion, the imaginary part is integrated over the domain () . The stream function at the boundaries of the domain is zero, , as already stated in the assumptions. The zonal flow must vanish at the boundaries of the domain. This leads to a constant stream function which is set to zero for convenienc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The amino radical only exhibits a very low optical absorption in the visible region (λ = 530 nm, ε = ), while its absorption in the UV (<260 nm) is similar to that of OH. Due to this, it is impractical to determine the rate of reaction of the amino radical with organic compounds by following the decay of the amino radi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zooplankton-mediated release of DOC occurs through sloppy feeding, excretion and defecation which can be important energy sources for microbes. Such DOC production is largest during periods with high food concentration and dominance of large zooplankton species. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In most organisms, malate dehydrogenase (MDH) exists as a homodimeric molecule and is closely related to lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in structure. It is a large protein molecule with subunits weighing between 30 and 35 kDa. Based on the amino acid sequences, it seems that MDH has diverged into two main phylogenetic gro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polymers come in a wide variety of compositions, and this diversity of chemistry results in wide-ranging embrittlement mechanisms. The most common sources of polymer embrittlement include oxygen in the air, water in liquid or vapor form, ultraviolet radiation from the sun, acids, and organic solvents.
One of the ways t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sharpless was born April 28, 1941, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His childhood was filled with summers at his family cottage on the Manasquan River in New Jersey. This is where Sharpless developed a love for fishing that he would continue throughout his life, spending summers in college working on fishing boats. He gr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hellers letter was forwarded by Eleanor Roosevelt to FBI director J. Edgar Hoover, who in turn consulted with the director of the alien enemy control unit. This resulted in Hansgirg being released under parole by Theodore Dreier, the treasurer of Black Mountain College, a progressive experimental educational community ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Molecular Ancestry Network (MANET) database is a bioinformatics database that maps evolutionary relationships of protein architectures directly onto biological networks. It was originally developed by Hee Shin Kim, Jay E. Mittenthal and Gustavo Caetano-Anolles in the Department of Crop Sciences of the University of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Spin-polarized electron energy loss spectroscopy or SPEELS is a technique that is mainly used to measure the dispersion relation of the collective excitations, over the whole Brillouin zone.
Spin waves are collective perturbations in a magnetic solid. Their properties depend on their wavelength (or wave vector). For l... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, ethenolysis is a chemical process in which internal olefins are degraded using ethylene () as the reagent. The reaction is an example of cross metathesis. The utility of the reaction is driven by the low cost of ethylene as a reagent and its selectivity. It produces compounds with terminal alken... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cymene describes organic compounds with the formula . Three isomers exist: 1,2- 1,3-, and 1,4-. All are colorless liquids, immiscible in water, with similar boiling points. They are classified are aromatic hydrocarbons. The bearing two substituents: an isopropyl () group and a methyl group. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*2009 – Our Women, Our State (Queensland Government) – Highly Commended
*2011 – Leighton Medal of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute, in recognition of her contributions and leadership to the chemistry community, within Australia and overseas.
*2013 – Distinguished Woman in Chemistry or Chemical Engineering award ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Duplex stainless steel is widely used in industry because it possesses excellent oxidation resistance, but it can have limited toughness due to its large ferritic grain size and embrittlement tendencies at temperatures ranging from 280–500 °C, especially at 475 °C, where spinodal decomposition of the supersaturated sol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The specific molecular mechanism of action of the ywIE protein is currently unknown. However, YwIE is believed to dephosphorylate phosphoarginine residues using a concerted, 2-step process via SN2 reactions. Step 1 involves a nucleophilic attack of Cys7 on the phosphorus atom of the phosphoric group. Then a thiophospha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The total average energy per unit time radiated by Earth is equal to the average energy flux j times the surface area 4πR, where R is Earths radius. On the other hand, the average energy flux absorbed from sunlight is the solar constant S times Earths cross section of πR, times the fraction absorbed by Earth, wh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Isotopic oxygen is incorporated into the body primarily through ingestion at which point it is used in the formation of, for archaeological purposes, bones and teeth. The oxygen is incorporated into the hydroxylcarbonic apatite of bone and tooth enamel.
Bone is continually remodelled throughout the lifetime of an indiv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Xylene was first isolated and named in 1850 by the French chemist Auguste Cahours (1813–1891), having been discovered as a constituent of wood tar. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Garson won a Royal Society postdoctoral fellowship after her PhD, undertaking research in Rome, Italy from 1977 to 1978. She continued her research at New Hall at Cambridge on a college research fellowship from 1978 to 1981. She worked as a medicinal chemist from 1981 to 1983 at Smith Kline and French Research Ltd in W... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although most applications of protein-directed DCC to date involved the use of single protein in the DCL, it is possible to identify protein ligands by using multiple proteins simultaneously, as long as a suitable analytical technique is available to detect the protein species that interact with the DCL components. Thi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Isaac Newton has been credited with the first description of conformal interaction observed through the interference phenomenon known as Newton's rings, though it was S. D. Poisson in 1823 who first described the optical characteristics of two identical surfaces in contact. It was not until the 19th century that object... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The FSHR become desensitized when exposed to FSH for some time. A key reaction of this downregulation is the phosphorylation of the intracellular (or cytoplasmic) receptor domain by protein kinases. This process uncouples Gs protein from the FSHR. Another way to desensitize is to uncouple the regulatory and catalytic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS equations) are time-averaged
equations of motion for fluid flow. The idea behind the equations is Reynolds decomposition, whereby an instantaneous quantity is decomposed into its time-averaged and fluctuating quantities, an idea first proposed by Osborne Reynolds. The... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In spectroscopy, oscillator strength is a dimensionless quantity that expresses the probability of absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation in transitions between energy levels of an atom or molecule. For example, if an emissive state has a small oscillator strength, nonradiative decay will outpace radiative... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The advent of synchrotron X-ray sources has been beneficial to X-ray topography techniques. Several of the properties of synchrotron radiation are advantageous also for topography applications: The high collimation (more precisely the small angular source size) allows to reach higher geometrical resolution in topograph... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The linear molecular geometry describes the geometry around a central atom bonded to two other atoms (or ligands) placed at a bond angle of 180°. Linear organic molecules, such as acetylene (), are often described by invoking sp orbital hybridization for their carbon centers.
According to the VSEPR model (Valence Shell... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*[https://research.bidmc.org/ncfg National Center for Functional Glycomics (NCFG)] The focus of the NCFG is the development in the glycosciences, with an emphasis on exploring the molecular mechanisms of glycan recognition by proteins important in human biology and disease. They have a number of [https://ncfg.hms.harva... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis converts alkyl or aryl thiocyanates to thiocarbamates under acidic conditions, followed by hydrolysis with ice water. The reaction was discovered by the German chemist in 1951 as a more efficient method to produce thiocarbamates. Some references spell the name Riemenschneider.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fibrosis or scar formation is another pro-oxidant-related symptom. E.g., interocular copper or vitreous chalicosis is associated with severe vitreous fibrosis, as is interocular iron. Liver cirrhosis is also a major symptom of Wilson's disease. The pulmonary fibrosis produced by paraquat and the antitumor agent bl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aldol reactions are commonly used in organic chemistry to form carbon-to-carbon bonds. The aldehyde-alcohol motif common to the reaction product is ubiquitous to synthetic chemistry and natural products. The reaction utilizes two carbonyl compounds to generate a β-hydroxy carbonyl. Catalysis is always necessary because... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* "Sur un élément 87, dérivé de lactinium," Comptes-rendus hebdomadaires des séances de lAcadémie des sciences, 208: 97 (1939).
* "Francium: élément 87," Bulletin de la Société chimique de France, 18: 779 (1951).
* "On the Descendants of Actinium K: 87Ac223," Journal de Physique et le Radium, 17: 545 (1956). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gunzbergs test is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of hydrochloric acid. Gunzbergs reagent is made by dissolving two grams of phloroglucinol and one gram of vanillin in 100 millilitres of 95% ethanol. Hydrochloric acid catalyses Gunzberg's reagent to form a red complex. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The same process of photoemission can be used to produce electricity from any spectrum, although the number of semiconductor materials that will have just the right bandgap for an arbitrary hot object is limited. Instead, semiconductors that have tuneable bandgaps are needed. It is also difficult to produce solar-like ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The majority of ERVs that occur in vertebrate genomes are ancient, inactivated by mutation, and have reached genetic fixation in their host species. For these reasons, they are extremely unlikely to have negative effects on their hosts except under unusual circumstances. Nevertheless, it is clear from studies in birds ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
At high Reynolds numbers, the two-dimensional problem governed by two-dimensional Euler equations reduce to solving a problem for the stream function , which satisfies
where is the only non-zero vorticity component in the -direction of the vorticity vector. As it stands, the problem is ill-posed since the vorticity di... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The applications for sol gel-derived products are numerous. For example, scientists have used it to produce the world's lightest materials and also some of its toughest ceramics. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most common area denial weapons are land mines of various types, planted by hand or dispersed by artillery. Some modern prototypes experiment with automatic guns or artillery-delivered ammunitions that are fired only after remote sensing detects enemies.
Booby traps or improvised explosive devices in sufficient con... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the deformation of solids, surface energy can be treated as the "energy required to create one unit of surface area", and is a function of the difference between the total energies of the system before and after the deformation:
Calculation of surface energy from first principles (for example, density functional the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Albert is known for his commentary on the musical practice of his times. Most of his written musical observations are found in his commentary on Aristotles Poetics'. He rejected the idea of "music of the spheres" as ridiculous: movement of astronomical bodies, he supposed, is incapable of generating sound. He wrote ext... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The vapor pressure of a liquid, which varies with its temperature, is a measure of how much the vapor of the liquid tends to concentrate in the surrounding atmosphere as the liquid evaporates. Vapor pressure is a major determinant of the flash point and flame point, with higher vapor pressures leading to lower flash p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One structural consequence of acyclic systems due to the stereoelectronic effect is the gauche effect. In 1,2-difluoroethane, despite the steric clash, the preferred conformation is the gauche one because σ(C–H) is a good donor and σ*(C–F) is a good acceptor and the stereoelectronic effect (σ(C–H) → σ*(C–F)) requires t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ibrutinib, a covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, has been approved for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia and mantle cell lymphoma. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Due to the sensitive location of splice sites, mutations in the acceptor or donor areas of splice sites can become detrimental to a human individual. In fact, many different types of diseases stem from anomalies within the splice sites. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sawdust is flammable and accumulations provide a ready source of fuel. Airborne sawdust can be ignited by sparks or even heat accumulation and result in dust fire or explosions. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The industrial synthesis entails the reaction of hydrogen chloride with a solution of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid:
:HCl + SO → ClSOH
It can also be prepared by chlorination of sulfuric acid, written here for pedagogical purposes as HSO(OH), vs. the usual format HSO:
:PCl + HSO(OH) → HSOCl + POCl + HCl
The latter m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Despite multiple employment offers on the East Coast of the United States, Young chose to remain in the San Francisco Bay Area for her professional career. From 1995 to 2006, Young worked at Celera Genomics, studying inhibitor compounds of human plasma proteins such as kallikrein and Factors VIIa and IXa. She was recru... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The McCumber relation is confirmed for various media.
In particular, relation (1) makes it possible to approximate two functions of frequency, emission and absorption cross sections, with single fit | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In industrial water treatment terminology, water quality with high RSC index is synonymous with the soft water but is chemically very different from naturally soft water which has a very low ionic concentration. When calcium and magnesium salts are present in dissolved form in water, these salts precipitate on the heat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A clinical application of DCS is for use in diagnosis of cancers. An example of this is measuring red blood cell flow in breast tumors. In this experiment, both healthy patients and patients with breast tumors were recruited. Researchers scanned the tumor with a hand-held optical probe with 4 sources and detectors 2.5 ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Department of Chemical Engineering (DChE) is an academic department operating under the College of Engineering of the University of the Philippines Diliman.
The department was established in 1956 and has an overall 90% passing rate in the licensure examinations held in the Philippines. It also contributes about 10%... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Bangladesh:
** Bengal Police started using pepper spray to control opposition movement.
* China: Forbidden for civilians, it is used only by law enforcement agencies. Underground trade leads to some civilian self-defense use.
** Hong Kong: Forbidden for civilians, it is legal to possess and use only by the members o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photodisintegration (also called phototransmutation) is a similar but different physical process, in which an extremely high energy gamma ray interacts with an atomic nucleus and causes it to enter an excited state, which immediately decays by emitting a subatomic particle. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Geologists often refer to the temperature range in which oil forms as an "oil window". Below the minimum temperature oil remains trapped in the form of kerogen. Above the maximum temperature the oil is converted to natural gas through the process of thermal cracking. Sometimes, oil formed at extreme depths may migrate ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Competitive assays are generally used for smaller analytes since smaller analytes have fewer binding sites. The sample first encounters antibodies to the target analyte labelled with a visual tag (colored particles). The test line contains the target analyte fixed to the surface. When the target analyte is absent from ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The explorations in the foothills of the Kopetdag revealed well developed irrigation systems with water control arrangements which resulted in prosperous, well settled large regional centres. The largest of these settlements is Namazga-Tepe with an area of 50 ha. The excavations done at this site lead to the discovery ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In spectroscopy, the term "plane parallel layers" may be employed as a mathematical construct in discussing theory. The layers are considered to be semi-infinite. (In mathematics, semi-infinite objects are objects which are infinite or unbounded in some, but not all, possible ways.) Generally, a semi-infinite layer i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Extended aeration is typically used in prefabricated "package plants" intended to minimize design costs for waste disposal from small communities, tourist facilities, or schools. In comparison to traditional activated sludge, longer mixing time with aged sludge offers a stable biological ecosystem better adapted for e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many natural (or biological) materials are complex composites with remarkable mechanical properties. These complex structures, which have risen from hundreds of million years of evolution, are inspiring materials scientists in the design of novel materials. Their defining characteristics include structural hierarchy, m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A foam is said to be regular when the structure is ordered. Direct molding is one technology that produces regular foams with open pores. Metal foams can also be produced by additive processes such as selective laser melting (SLM).
Plates can be used as casting cores. The shape is customized for each application. This ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fuzzy complexes are protein complexes, where structural ambiguity or multiplicity exists and is required for biological function. Alteration, truncation or removal of conformationally ambiguous regions impacts the activity of the corresponding complex. Fuzzy complexes are generally formed by intrinsically disordered pr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2005 there were "several types of commercial cyclic olefin copolymers based on different types of cyclic monomers and polymerization methods. Cyclic olefin copolymers are produced by chain copolymerization of cyclic monomers such as 8,9,10-trinorborn-2-ene (norbornene) or 1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Circular RNA (CircRNA) are a novel class of endogenous noncoding RNAs and are characterized by their covalently closed loop structures. This class of ncRNA does not have a 5’ cap or 3’ Poly A tail. It has been hypothesized that cirRNAs may function as potential molecular markers for disease diagnosis and treatment and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the last step of duplex sequencing library preparation, Illumina sequencing adapters are added to the tagged double stranded libraries by PCR amplification using primers containing sequencing adapters. During PCR amplification, both complementary strands of DNA are amplified and generate two types of PCR products. P... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ruling in the Corby toxic waste case, delivered in July 2009, found Corby Borough Council liable in negligence, public nuisance and a breach of statutory duty for its reclamation of a steel works and the resulting atmospheric contamination. The case against the council cited: "The Defendants urban land reclamation ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another potential devastating effect of nuclear war is termed nuclear winter. The idea become popularized in mainstream culture during the 1980s, when Richard P. Turco, Owen Toon, Thomas P. Ackerman, James B. Pollack and Carl Sagan collaborated and produced a scientific study which suggested the Earths weather and clim... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many drugs which are substrates for glucuronidation as part of their metabolism are significantly affected by inhibitors or inducers of their specific glucuronisyltransferase types: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When compounds contain more than one functional group, the order of precedence determines which groups are named with prefix or suffix forms. The table below shows common groups in decreasing order of precedence. The highest-precedence group takes the suffix, with all others taking the prefix form. However, double and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.