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The situation in which two level systems are present in a single-mode cavity is described by the Tavis–Cummings model
, which has Hamiltonian
Under the assumption that all two level systems have equal individual coupling strength to the field, the ensemble as a whole will have enhanced coupling strength . As a result... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since 5β-coprostanol is formed from cholesterol in the vertebrate gut, the ratio of the product over reactant can be used to indicate the degree of faecal matter in samples. Raw untreated sewage typically has a 5β-coprostanol / cholesterol ratio of ~10 which decreases through a sewage treatment plant (STP) such that in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After both minor losses and friction losses have been calculated, these values can be summed to find the total head loss.
Equation for total head loss, , can be simplified and rewritten as:
= Frictional head loss
= Downstream velocity
= Gravity of Earth
= Hydraulic radius
=Total length of piping
= Fanning friction ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The concept of the theory is an extension of the Langmuir theory, which is a theory for monolayer molecular adsorption, to multilayer adsorption with the following hypotheses:
# gas molecules physically adsorb on a solid in layers infinitely;
# gas molecules only interact with adjacent layers; and
# the Langmuir theory... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cytochrome b6f complex is part of the thylakoid electron transport chain and couples electron transfer to the pumping of protons into the thylakoid lumen. Energetically, it is situated between the two photosystems and transfers electrons from photosystem II-plastoquinone to plastocyanin-photosystem I. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Umemoto reagents are (trifluoromethyl)dibenzoheterocyclic salts, such as 5-(trifluoromethyl)dibenzothiophenium triflate and 5-(trifluoromethyl)dibenzothiophenium tetrafluoroborate. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During extraction of the oil from oil sand, tailings consisting of water, silt, clays and other solvents are also created. This solid will become mature fine tailings by gravity. Foght et al (1985) estimated that there are 10 anaerobic heterotrophs and 10 sulfate-reducing prokaryotes per milliliter in the tailings pond... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If a beam of particles enters a thin layer of material of thickness , the flux of the beam will decrease by according to
where is the total cross section of all events, including scattering, absorption, or transformation to another species. The volumetric number density of scattering centers is designated by . Solvi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* cyanonitrene - or (one of the nitrogens is univalent)
* azodicarbonitrile - or , cis and trans isomers
* cyanogen azide - or
* 1-diazidocarbamoyl-5-azidotetrazole -
* 2,2′-azobis(5-azidotetrazole) -
* triazidotriazine (cyanuric triazide) - ()
* triazidoheptazine - ()
* tricyanomethanimine (dicyanomethylene-c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To distinguish between the different states of fluid flow one must consider how the fluid reacts to a disturbance in the initial state. These disturbances will relate to the initial properties of the system, such as velocity, pressure, and density. James Clerk Maxwell expressed the qualitative concept of stable and uns... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
NbSn was discovered to be a superconductor in 1954, one year after the discovery of VSi, the first example of an AB superconductor. In 1961 it was discovered that niobium–tin still exhibits superconductivity at large currents and strong magnetic fields, thus becoming the first known material to support the high current... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phenolphthalein ( ) is a chemical compound with the formula CHO and is often written as "HIn", "HPh", "phph" or simply "Ph" in shorthand notation. Phenolphthalein is often used as an indicator in acid–base titrations. For this application, it turns colorless in acidic solutions and pink in basic solutions. It belongs t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Yoon Nung-min (윤능민 尹能民, November 21, 1927 – April 1, 2009) is a South Korean chemist, known for his research in organic chemistry, specializing in metal hydrides.
He received his B.A. at Seoul National University in chemistry in 1951 and went on to complete his Ph.D. at Purdue University, under Herbert Charles Br... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Preferential amplification is over-amplification of one of the alleles in comparison to the other. Most studies on MDA have reported this issue. The amplification bias is currently observed to be random. It might affect the analysis of small stretches of genomic DNA in identifying Short Tandem Repeats (STR) alleles. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The influent in sewage water passes through a bar screen to remove all large objects like cans, rags, sticks, plastic packets, etc. carried in the sewage stream. This is most commonly done with an automated mechanically raked bar screen in modern plants serving large populations, while in smaller or less modern plants,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
By definition,
:1 reyn = 1 lb s in.
It follows that the relation between the reyn and the poise is approximately
:1 reyn = 6.89476 × 10 P.
In SI units, viscosity is expressed in newton-seconds per square meter, or equivalently in pascal-seconds. The conversion factor between the two is approximately
:1 reyn = 6890 Pa s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tanning lamps, also known as tanning bulbs or tanning tubes, produce the ultraviolet light in tanning devices. The performance (or output) varies widely between brands and styles. Most are low-pressure fluorescent tubes, but high-pressure bulbs also exist. The electronics systems and number of lamps affect performance,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nonferrous archaeometallurgy in the southern Levant is the archaeological study of non-iron-related metal technology in the region of the Southern Levant during the Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age from approximately 4500BC to 1000BC. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ynols can interconvert with ketenes, much like enols can with aldehydes and ketones. The ynol tautomer is usually unstable, does not survive long, and changes into the ketene. This is because oxygen is more electronegative than carbon and thus forms stronger bonds. For instance, ethynol quickly interconverts with eth... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A study found that solar-energy-driven production of microbial foods from direct air capture substantially outperforms agricultural cultivation of staple crops in terms of land use. Growing such food from air yielded 10 times more protein and at least twice the calories than growing soybeans with the same amount of lan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first mathematical study of the propagation of gravity currents can be attributed to T. B. Benjamin.
Observations of intrusions and collisions between fluids of differing density were made well before T. B. Benjamin's study, see for example those by Ellison and Tuner, by M. B. Abbot
or D. I. H. Barr.
J. E. Simps... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*O dioxygen (acceptable name oxygen)
*O trioxygen (acceptable name ozone)
*P tetraphosphorus (acceptable name white phosphorus)
*S hexasulfur (acceptable name ε-sulfur)
*S cyclo-octasulfur (acceptable names for the polymorphic forms are α-sulfur, β-sulfur, γ-sulfur) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DNA banking is the secure, long term storage of an individual’s genetic material. DNA is most commonly extracted from blood, but can also be obtained from saliva and other tissues. DNA banks allow for conservation of genetic material and comparative analysis of an individuals genetic information. Analyzing an individua... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemaxon () is a cheminformatics and bioinformatics software development company, headquartered in Budapest with 250 employees. The company also has offices in Cambridge, San Diego, Basel and in Prague. and it has distributors in China, India, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and Australia. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A pressure–volume diagram (or PV diagram, or volume–pressure loop) is used to describe corresponding changes in volume and pressure in a system. They are commonly used in thermodynamics, cardiovascular physiology, and respiratory physiology.
PV diagrams, originally called indicator diagrams, were developed in the 18th ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Human polypeptide C5a contains 74 amino acids and has 11kDa. NMR spectroscopy proved that the molecule is composed of four helices and connected by peptide loops with three disulphide bonds between helix IV and II, III. There is a short 1.5 turn helix on N-terminus but all agonist activity take place in the C-terminus... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rutherford is considered to be among the greatest scientists in history. At the opening session of the 1938 Indian Science Congress, which Rutherford had been expected to preside over before his death, astrophysicist James Jeans spoke in his place and deemed him "one of the greatest scientists of all time", saying: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A typical mobile phase for HILIC chromatography includes acetonitrile ("MeCN", also designated as "ACN") with a small amount of water. However, any aprotic solvent miscible with water (e.g. THF or dioxane) can be used. Alcohols can also be used, however, their concentration must be higher to achieve the same degree of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In molecular biology the protein domain S-adenosylmethionine synthetase N terminal domain is found at the N-terminal of the enzyme. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ambident dienophile 57 reacts with DAPC 54 at the cyclobutene π-bond to produce ligand 58; in contrast, the related ambident dienophile 59 reacts with DAPC 54 at the naphthoquinone π-center to produce adduct 60 (lack of shielding of the methylene protons supports the stereochemical assignment). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Torreyanic acid is a dimeric quinone first isolated and by Lee et al. in 1996 from an endophyte, Pestalotiopsis microspora. This endophyte is likely the cause of the decline of Florida torreya (Torreya taxifolia), an endangered species that is related to the taxol-producing Taxus brevifolia. The natural product was fou... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are a few unusual circumstances where speleothems have been created in caves as a result of hyperalkaline leachate, with the same chemistry as occurs in [Equations to ]. This chemistry can occur when there is a source of concrete, lime, mortar or other manmade calcareous material located above a cave system and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2006, the wells of a neighborhood in Jacksonville, Maryland, were contaminated by a spill of 26,000 gallons of gasoline from an Exxon-Mobil station in the area, resulting in an ongoing court battle. The suit has been filed by the state of Marylands Department of the Environment on behalf of the areas residents, seek... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If an initially isolated physical system, without internal walls that establish adiabatically isolated subsystems, is left long enough, it will usually reach a state of thermal equilibrium in itself, in which its temperature will be uniform throughout, but not necessarily a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, if there ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When a defective gene causes gaps to appear in the metabolic recycling process for purines and pyrimidines, these chemicals are not metabolised properly, and adults or children can suffer from any one of twenty-eight hereditary disorders, possibly some more as yet unknown. Symptoms can include gout, anaemia, epilepsy, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Slayton Alvin Evans Jr. was born on May 17, 1943, in Chicago, Illinois, to Corine M. Thompson Evans and Slayton A. Evans, Sr. Months later, his father was called to serve in World War II. When Slayton was three years old, the family moved to Meridian, Mississippi, where they lived in a segregated public housing project... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Black light is used extensively in non-destructive testing. Fluorescing fluids are applied to metal structures and illuminated with a black light which allows cracks and other weaknesses in the material to be easily detected.
In addition, if a leak is suspected in a refrigerator or an air conditioning system, a UV trac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Brominated vegetable oil (BVO) is a complex mixture of plant-derived triglycerides that have been modified by atoms of the element bromine bonded to the fat molecules. Brominated vegetable oil is used to help emulsify citrus-flavored soft drinks, preventing them from separating during distribution. Brominated vegetable... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A good example of green infrastructure principles being applied at landscape scale is the Beijing Olympic site. First developed for the 2008 Summer Olympics but used also for the 2022 Winter Olympics, the Beijing Olympic site covers a large area of brownfield redevelopment in the northern sector of the city between th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
:Diffraction patterns collected through PED often agree well-enough with the kinematical pattern to serve as input data for direct methods calculations. A three-dimensional set of intensities mapped over the reciprocal lattice can be generated by collecting diffraction patterns over multiple zone axes. Applying direct ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture, integrated circuit (chip) that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of an entire organ or an organ system. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
FutureGen was a project to demonstrate capture and sequestration of waste carbon dioxide from a coal-fired electrical generating station. The project (renamed FutureGen 2.0) was retrofitting a shuttered coal-fired power plant in Meredosia, Illinois, with oxy-combustion generators. The waste CO would be piped approxima... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gestonorone caproate is the generic name of the drug and its , , and , while gestronol hexanoate is its . It has also been referred to as norhydroxyprogesterone caproate, and is also known by its former developmental code names SH-582 and SH-80582. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The alloys did not prove to be commercially successful in the long run. However, during World War I and afterwards, uranium-doped steels were used for tools; large amounts of ferrouranium were produced between 1914 and 1916. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The jiva is believed to rely on other dravya to function. The Jain philosophy completely separates body (matter) from the soul (consciousness). Souls reside in bodies and journey endlessly through saṃsāra (that is, realms of existence through cycles of rebirths and redeaths). Ajiva consists of everything other than jiv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Davis reagent (3-phenyl-2-(phenylsulfonyl)-1,2-oxaziridine or 2-(benzenesulfonyl)-3-phenyloxaziridine) is a reagent used for oxidation in the Davis oxidation reaction, as well as oxidation of thiols to sulfones. It is named for Franklin A. Davis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ecologically, V. fischeri is known to have symbiotic associations with a number of eukaryotic hosts, including the Hawaiian Bobtail Squid (Euprymna scolopes). In this relationship, the squid host maintains the bacteria in specialized light organs. The host provides a safe, nutrient rich environment for the bacteria a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Coenzyme A (CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. All genomes sequenced to date encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it (or a thioester) as a substr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ferrier was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand (1977) and the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry (1972) and awarded a DSc (London, 1968). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Blocking antibodies can be used in a variety of medical and scientific manners, thus far been to treat cancer, Graves' disease, and prevent the growth of malaria in mosquitoes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the first step, a delocalized allyloxocarbenium ion (2) is formed, typically with the aid of a Lewis acid like indium(III) chloride or boron trifluoride. This ion reacts in situ with an alcohol, yielding a mixture of the α (3) and β (4) anomers of the 2-glycoside, with the double bond shifted to position 3,4. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The oldest anodizing process uses chromic acid. It is widely known as the Bengough-Stuart process but, due to the safety regulations regarding air quality control, is not preferred by vendors when the additive material associated with type II doesn't break tolerances. In North America, it is known as Type I because it ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) is a synthetic strategy employed by chemists to make complex molecular and supramolecular assemblies from discrete molecular building blocks. DCvC has allowed access to complex assemblies such as covalent organic frameworks, molecular knots, polymers, and novel macrocycles. Not to be c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A futile cycle, also known as a substrate cycle, occurs when two metabolic pathways run simultaneously in opposite directions and have no overall effect other than to dissipate energy in the form of heat. The reason this cycle was called "futile" cycle was because it appeared that this cycle operated with no net utilit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ILs can aid the recycling of synthetic goods, plastics, and metals. They offer the specificity required to separate similar compounds from each other, such as separating polymers in plastic waste streams. This has been achieved using lower temperature extraction processes than current approaches and could help avoid i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In analogy to the rule of five, it has been proposed that ideal fragments should follow the rule of three (molecular weight < 300, ClogP < 3, the number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors each should be < 3 and the number of rotatable bonds should be < 3). Since the fragments have relatively low affinity for their ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*President-Royal Australian Chemical Institute (Queensland Division)
*Chair, International Relations Committee of RACI
*Member, National Committee for Chemistry
*Executive Secretary, World Chemistry Congress/IUPAC General Assembly (2001)
*Chair, Board of Australian Science Innovations
*Organiser, Chemistry-Biotechnolog... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a reaction that is typically avoided, hydrolysis of carbamoyl chlorides gives carbamic acids:
:RNCOCl + HO → RNC(O)OH + HCl
Owing to the influence of the amino group, these compounds are less hydrolytically sensitive than the usual acid chlorides.
A related but more useful reaction is the analogous reaction with alc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A monitor in the cockpit displays detailed images in real time, and the system also logs the image and Global Positioning System data at a rate of 30 gigabytes (GB) per hour for later analysis. The on-board data processing system performs numerous real-time processing functions including data acquisition and recording,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the absence of hypoxic conditions (i.e. physiological levels of oxygen), cancer cells preferentially convert glucose to lactate, according to Otto H. Warburg, who believed that aerobic glycolysis was the key metabolic change in cancer cell malignancy. The "Warburg effect" was later coined to describe this metabolic ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fractoluminescence is often used as a synonym for triboluminescence. It is the emission of light from the fracture (rather than rubbing) of a crystal, but fracturing often occurs with rubbing. Depending upon the atomic and molecular composition of the crystal, when the crystal fractures, a charge separation can occur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxaloacetic acid undergoes successive deprotonations to give the dianion:
:HOCC(O)CHCOH OCC(O)CHCOH + H, pK = 2.22
:OCC(O)CHCOH OCC(O)CHCO + H, pK = 3.89
At high pH, the enolizable proton is ionized:
:OCC(O)CHCO OCC(O)CHCO + H, pK = 13.03
The enol forms of oxaloacetic acid are particularly stable. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Zeldovich mechanism is a chemical mechanism that describes the oxidation of nitrogen and NO formation, first proposed by the Russian physicist Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich in 1946. The reaction mechanisms read as
where and are the reaction rate constants in Arrhenius law. The overall global reaction is given by
The ove... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
piRNAs represent the largest class of small non-coding RNA molecules expressed in animal cells, deriving from a large variety of sources, including repetitive DNA and transposons. However, the biogenesis of piRNAs is also the least well understood. piRNAs appear to act both at the post-transcriptional and chromatin lev... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Buccianti was the 2003 winner of the Felix Chayes Prize of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
N-Nitrosamines, including the carcinogenic variety, arise from the reaction of nitrite sources with amino compounds, which can happen during the curing of meat. Typically, this reaction occurs when the nucleophilic nitrogen of a secondary amine attacks the nitrogen of the electrophilic nitrosonium ion:
:NO + 2 H → NO ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The gastrointestinal tract is lined with epithelial cells. Drugs must pass through or permeate these cells to be absorbed into the bloodstream. Cell membranes may act as barriers to some drugs. They are essentially lipid bilayers which form semipermeable membranes. Pure lipid bilayers are generally permeable only t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) is a form of chromatography that is used to separate or purify biomolecules from complex mixtures. It was developed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich by Aumann and Morbidelli. The process consists of two to six chromatographic columns wh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gestonorone caproate was studied in the treatment of prostate cancer in men at a dosage of 400 mg per week by intramuscular injection but, in contrast to the case of benign prostatic hyperplasia, was found to be ineffective.
SH-834 was a combination of 90 mg estradiol valerate and 300 mg gestonorone caproate for weekly... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Signaling action in neurons by sigma-2 receptors and their associated ligands results in modulation of action potential firing by regulation of calcium and potassium channels. They also are involved in synaptic vesicular release and modulation of dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate, with activation and increase of the d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
By NIGMS program mandate, Glue Grant consortia must contain core resources and bridging projects. The EFI consists of six scientific cores which provide bioinformatic, structural, computational, and data management expertise to facilitate functional predictions for enzymes of unknown function targeted by the EFI. At th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the field of drug discovery, reverse pharmacology also known as target-based drug discovery (TDD), a hypothesis is first made that modulation of the activity of a specific protein target thought to be disease modifying will have beneficial therapeutic effects. Screening of chemical libraries of small molecules is t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the field of condensed matter physics, microwave spectroscopy is used to detect dynamic phenomena of either charges or spins at GHz frequencies (corresponding to nanosecond time scales) and energy scales in the µeV regime. Matching to these energy scales, microwave spectroscopy on solids is often performed as a func... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another major benefit of blue roofs are their ability to work alongside other rooftop systems such as solar panels (both solar thermal and pv), and HVAC mechanical equipment.
Some recreational blue roofs integrate rooftop waterplay areas that can also be used to irrigate a green roof, or to cool the roof of a building... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The modified gene therapy strategy of antisense IGF-I RNA (NIH n˚ 1602) using antisense / triple helix anti-IGF-I approach was registered in 2002, by Wiley gene therapy clinical trial - n˚ 635 and 636. The approach has shown promising results in the treatment of six different malignant tumors: glioblastoma, cancers of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If a gaseous emission sample is analyzed and found to contain water vapor and a pollutant concentration of say 40 ppmv, then 40 ppmv should be designated as the "wet basis" pollutant concentration. The following equation can be used to correct the measured "wet basis" concentration to a "dry basis" concentration:
As an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The finding of a potential sperm donor and motivating them to actually donate sperm is typically called recruitment. A sperm bank can recruit donors by advertising, often in colleges, in local newspapers, and also on the internet.
A donor must be a fit and healthy male, normally between 18 and 45 years of age, and will... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The SBSP concept also has a number of problems:
* The large cost of launching a satellite into space. For 6.5 kg/kW, the cost to place a power satellite in geosynchronous orbit (GEO) cannot exceed $200/kg if the power cost is to be competitive.
* Microwave optic requires gigawatt scale to compensate for Airy disk beam ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As describes, the vertices of the Laves graph can be defined by selecting one out of every eight points in the three-dimensional integer lattice, and forming their nearest neighbor graph. Specifically, one chooses the points
and all the other points formed by adding multiples of four to these coordinates. The edges of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following tables give additional examples of commonly encountered polyatomic ions. Only a few representatives are given, as the number of polyatomic ions encountered in practice is very large. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In thermometric titrations, a constant addition rate of titrant equates to a constant amount of heat being given out or consumed, and hence a more or less constant temperature change up to the endpoint. In a titration, the titrant reacts with the analyte in the sample either exothermically or endothermically. The therm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* [http://www.chemicalland21.com/arokorhi/industrialchem/inorganic/HYPOPHOSPHOROUS%20ACID.htm ChemicalLand21 Listing] | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines are a set of protocols for conducting and reporting quantitative real-time PCR experiments and data, as devised by Bustin et al. in 2009. They were devised after a paper was published in 2002 that claimed to detect measl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sonoelectrochemistry is the application of ultrasound in electrochemistry. Like sonochemistry, sonoelectrochemistry was discovered in the early 20th century. The effects of power ultrasound on electrochemical systems and important electrochemical parameters were originally demonstrated by Moriguchi and then by Schmid a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dioxane is produced by the acid-catalysed dehydration of diethylene glycol, which in turn is obtained from the hydrolysis of ethylene oxide.
In 1985, the global production capacity for dioxane was between 11,000 and 14,000 tons. In 1990, the total U.S. production volume of dioxane was between 5,250 and 9,150 tons. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
P2 receptor may refer to:
Nucleotides, if released into the extracellular environment, can lead to cell death or other harmful cellular consequences. To avoid cellular damage, nucleotides should be neutralized, which is accomplished by P2 receptors. Almost every cell type expresses P2 receptors. Purinergic signalling a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Animal studies have shown the benefit of targeted temperature management in traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injuries. Clinical trials have shown mixed results with regards to the optimal temperature and delay of cooling. Achieving therapeutic temperatures of is thought to prevent secondary neurological injuries... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Porphyrin-based compounds are of interest as possible components of molecular electronics and photonics. Synthetic porphyrin dyes have been incorporated in prototype dye-sensitized solar cells. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Periana's group was also able to convert methane into acetic acid using similar conditions to the Catalytica system. Palladium(II) salts were used in this process, and the products formed were a mixture of methanol and acetic acid, along with side products of carbon monoxide and possibly carbon dioxide due to over-oxid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The 4 main classes of molecules in biochemistry (often called biomolecules) are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Many biological molecules are polymers: in this terminology, monomers are relatively small macromolecules that are linked together to create large macromolecules known as polymers. When mo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is the organic compound with the formula CHC(O)CHO. It is a reduced derivative of pyruvic acid. It is a reactive compound that is implicated in the biology of diabetes. Methylglyoxal is produced industrially by degradation of carbohydrates using overexpressed methylglyoxal synthase. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bioremediation utilizes microorganisms or in recent times, materials of biological origin, such as enzymes, biocomposites, biopolymers, or nanoparticles, to biochemically degrade contaminants into harmless substances, making it an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative; 3D bioprinting facilitates the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus are used to suppress the immune system in organ allotransplant recipients to prevent rejection of the transplanted tissue. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most carbon incorporated in organic and inorganic biological matter is formed at the sea surface where it can then start sinking to the ocean floor. The deep ocean gets most of its nutrients from the higher water column when they sink down in the form of marine snow. This is made up of dead or dying animals and microb... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hapticity (represented by Greek letter η) refers to the number of contiguous atoms that comprise a donor site and attach to a metal center. The η-notation applies when multiple atoms are coordinated. For example, η is a ligand that coordinates through two contiguous atoms. Butadiene forms both η and η complexes dependi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The work wind does on the ocean can be computed by
where is the chosen parameterization for the wind stress.
Thus, in resting ocean approximation, the work done on the ocean by the wind is
Furthermore, if the relative wind stress parameterization is used, the work done on the ocean is given by
Then, assuming is the s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* corresponding academician of the Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences (1934)
* Hero of Socialist Labor (06/10/1945)
* four Orders of Lenin (05/07/1940; 06/10/1945; 02/05/1946; 02/05/1951)
* two PrOrders of the Red Banner of Labor (03/29/1941; 04/03/1944)
* USSR State Prize from the seizure of the chemicalization of the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
IL-26 is a newly discovered cytokine produced by memory T cells and monocytes. IL-26 assist with the process of human T cell transformation after their infections. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trioxidane (systematically named dihydrogen trioxide,), also called hydrogen trioxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (can be written as or ). It is one of the unstable hydrogen polyoxides. In aqueous solutions, trioxidane decomposes to form water and singlet oxygen:
The reverse reaction, the addi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Of some interest in organic synthesis, electropositive metals react with many organic halides in a metal-halogen exchange:
The resulting organometallic compound is susceptible to hydrolysis:
Heavily studied examples are found in organolithium chemistry and organomagnesium chemistry. Some illustrative cases follow.
Lit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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