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Single molecule fluorescent sequencing is one method of DNA sequencing. The core principle is the imaging of individual fluorophore molecules, each corresponding to one base. By working on single molecule level, amplification of DNA is not required, avoiding amplification bias. The method lends itself to parallelizatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mitochondrial replacement therapy has been used to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial diseases from mother to child; it could only be performed in clinics licensed by the UK's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), only for people individually approved by the HFEA, for whom preimplantation genetic ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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Falkner and Skan generalized the Blasius boundary layer by considering a wedge with an angle of from some uniform velocity field . Falkner and Skans first key assumption was that the pressure gradient term in the Prandtl x'-momentum equation could be replaced by the differential form of the Bernoulli equatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A primary example of lithotrophs that contribute to soil formation is Cyanobacteria. This group of bacteria are nitrogen-fixing photolithotrophs that are capable of using energy from sunlight and inorganic nutrients from rocks as reductants. This capability allows for their growth and development on native, oligotrophi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A sequence space is usually laid out as a grid. For protein sequence spaces, each residue in the protein is represented by a dimension with 20 possible positions along that axis corresponding to the possible amino acids. Hence there are 400 possible dipeptides arranged in a 20x20 space but that expands to 10 for even a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The second stage is the oxidation of the carbon in the remaining sample in the form of carbon dioxide (CO) and other gases. Modern TOC analyzers perform this oxidation step by several processes:
* High temperature combustion
* High temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO)
* Photo-oxidation alone
* Thermo-chemical oxidati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Müller as the Austrian chief surveyor of mines in Transylvania was responsible for the analysis of ore samples. He analyzed gold ore from Kleinschlatten (today Zlatna, Romania). This ore was known as "Faczebajer weißes blättriges Golderz" (white leafy gold ore from Faczebaja) or antimonalischer Goldkies (antimonic gold... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The genomic basis of the Crabtree effect is still being investigated, and its evolution likely involved multiple successive molecular steps that increased the efficiency of the lifestyle. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The isomerization of uridine to pseudoridine is the second most common rRNA modification. These pseudoridines are also introduced by the same classes of snoRNPs that participate in methylation. Psuedouridine synthases are the major participating enzymes in the reaction. The H/ACA box snoRNPs introduce guide sequences t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Allyl complexes are often generated by oxidative addition of allylic halides to low-valent metal complexes. This route is used to prepare (allyl)NiCl:
:2 Ni(CO) + 2 ClCHCH=CH → Ni(μ-Cl)(η-CH) + 8 CO
A similar oxidative addition involves the reaction of allyl bromide to diiron nonacarbonyl. Oxidative addition route ha... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Heating a lactone with a base (sodium hydroxide) will hydrolyse the lactone to its parent compound, the straight chained bifunctional compound. Like straight-chained esters, the hydrolysis-condensation reaction of lactones is a reversible reaction, with an equilibrium. However, the equilibrium constant of the hydrolysi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is sometimes possible to convert an inexact differential into an exact one by means of an integrating factor.
The most common example of this in thermodynamics is the definition of entropy:
In this case, is an inexact differential, because its effect on the state of the system can be compensated by .
However, when ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Measuring LDH in fluid aspirated from a pleural effusion (or pericardial effusion) can help in the distinction between exudates (actively secreted fluid, e.g., due to inflammation) or transudates (passively secreted fluid, due to a high hydrostatic pressure or a low oncotic pressure). The usual criterion (included in L... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Enders SAMP/RAMP hydrazone alkylation begins with the synthesis of the hydrazone from a N,N-dialkylhydrazine and a ketone or aldehyde
The hydrazone is then deprotonated on the α-carbon position by a strong base, such as lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), leading to the formation of a resonance stabilized anion - an az... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the human genome, all genes get transcribed into RNA because that's how the molecular gene is defined. (See Gene.) The transcriptome consists of coding regions of mRNA plus non-coding UTRs, introns, non-coding RNAs, and spurious non-functional transcripts.
Several factors render the content of the transcriptome diff... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phosphoric acid units can be bonded together in rings (cyclic structures). The simplest such compound is trimetaphosphoric acid or cyclo-triphosphoric acid having the formula . Its structure is shown in the illustration. Since the ends are condensed, its formula has one less (water) than tripolyphosphoric acid.
The ge... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When referring to the genotype (the gene) the mnemonic is italicized and not capitalised. When referring to the gene product or phenotype, the mnemonic is first-letter capitalised and not italicized (e.g. DnaA – the protein produced by the dnaA gene; LeuA – the phenotype of a leuA mutant; Amp – the ampicillin-resistanc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A number of chelators of divalent cations have different fluorescence spectra in the bound and unbound states. Chelators for Ca are well established, have high affinity for the cation, and low interference from other ions. Mg chelators lag behind and the major fluorescence dye for Mg (mag-fura 2) actually has a higher ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Transcription produces a single-stranded RNA molecule known as messenger RNA, whose nucleotide sequence is complementary to the DNA from which it was transcribed. The mRNA acts as an intermediate between the DNA gene and its final protein product. The genes DNA is used as a template to generate a complementary mRNA. Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Milton M. Conger in 1881 patented and supposedly built a motor that ran off compressed air or steam that using a flexible tubing which will form a wedge-shaped or inclined wall or abutment in the rear of the tangential bearing of the wheel, and propel it with greater or less speed according to the pressure of the prope... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms (6. ed.). The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2003. [http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/aquametry] (online May 6, 2011) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ionic compounds in the solid state form lattice structures. The two principal factors in determining the form of the lattice are the relative charges of the ions and their relative sizes. Some structures are adopted by a number of compounds; for example, the structure of the rock salt sodium chloride is also adopted by... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
eIF2B is a protein complex found in eukaryotes. It is the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and therefore converts the inactive eIF2-GDP to the active eIF2-GTP. This activation is hindered by phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eIF2, which leads to a stable eIF2α-P-GDP-eIF2B ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In primary aluminium production, aluminium carbides (AlC) originates from the reduction of alumina where carbon anodes and cathodes are in contact with the mix. Later in the process, any carbon tools in contact with the liquid aluminium can react and create carbides. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Triatomic hydrogen will be formed during the neutralization of . This ion will be neutralised in the presence of gasses other than He or H, as it can abstract an electron. Thus H is formed in the aurora in the ionosphere of Jupiter and Saturn. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ratio of Fe to Fe within a rock determines, in part, the silicate mineral and oxide mineral assemblage of the rock. Within a rock of a given chemical composition, iron enters minerals based on the bulk chemical composition and the mineral phases which are stable at that temperature and pressure. For instance, at re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lipofectamine or Lipofectamine 2000 is a common transfection reagent, produced and sold by Invitrogen, used in molecular and cellular biology. It is used to increase the transfection efficiency of RNA (including mRNA and siRNA) or plasmid DNA into in vitro cell cultures by lipofection. Lipofectamine contains lipid subu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Heavy-fermion superconductivity was discovered already in the late 1970s (with CeCuSi being the first example), but the number of heavy-fermion compounds known to superconduct was still very small in the early 1990s, when Christoph Geibel in the group of Frank Steglich found two closely related heavy-fermion supercondu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Functional isomers are structural isomers which have different functional groups, resulting in significantly different chemical and physical properties.
An example is the pair propanal HC–CH–C(=O)-H and acetone HC–C(=O)–CH: the first has a –C(=O)H functional group, which makes it an aldehyde, whereas the second has a C... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A typical titration begins with a beaker or Erlenmeyer flask containing a very precise amount of the analyte and a small amount of indicator (such as phenolphthalein) placed underneath a calibrated burette or chemistry pipetting syringe containing the titrant. Small volumes of the titrant are then added to the analyte ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Conditional mutations can be produced in mice which affect only specific cells or tissues at specific times, so that the mouse can develop to adulthood and the adult phenotype can be studied. In one case, MED1 was found to participate in controlling the timing of events of meiosis in male mice. Conditional mutants in k... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, amine value is a measure of the nitrogen content of an organic molecule. Specifically, it is usually used to measure the amine content of amine functional compounds. It may be defined as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) equivalent to one gram of epoxy hardener resin. The units... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Streptavidin is a protein purified from the bacterium Streptomyces avidinii, which has a high affinity for biotin. By covalently linking streptavidin and polymers, well defined supramolecular constructs can be created due to the high specificity of
Streptavidin for both biotin and its analogues.
Building upon the coval... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Protein degradation may take place intracellularly or extracellularly. In digestion of food, digestive enzymes may be released into the environment for extracellular digestion whereby proteolytic cleavage breaks proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids so that they may be absorbed and used. In animals the food ma... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Within the focus of bioengineering, various cell modification methods are utilized to alter inherent properties of cells such as growth density, growth rate, growth yield, temperature resistance, freezing tolerance, chemical sensitivity, and vulnerability to pathogens. For example, in 1988 one group of researchers from... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Protoplast (), is a biological term coined by Hanstein in 1880 to refer to the entire cell, excluding the cell wall. Protoplasts can be generated by stripping the cell wall from plant, bacterial, or fungal cells by mechanical, chemical or enzymatic means.
Protoplasts differ from spheroplasts in that their cell wall ha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When nutrients build up in a lake, eutrophication occurs, and this generally occurs in the top layer of a lake. The nutrients come both naturally and artificially and usually contain phosphates. The artificial nutrients can come from sewage and fertilizers, from agricultural runoff. Phosphorus from the phosphates cause... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are 4 superfamilies of viruses that cover all RNA-containing viruses with no DNA stage:
* Viruses containing positive-strand RNA or double-strand RNA, except retroviruses and Birnaviridae
** All positive-strand RNA eukaryotic viruses with no DNA stage
** All RNA-containing bacteriophages; there are two families o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Copper phosphide, , also copper(I) phosphide, cuprous phosphide, cuprophosphorus and phosphor copper, is a compound of copper and phosphorus, a phosphide of copper. It has the appearance of yellowish-grey very brittle mass of crystalline structure. It does not react with water.
Recent crystallographic investigations ha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Maximum Entropy thermodynamics has some important opposition, in part because of the relative paucity of published results from the MaxEnt school, especially with regard to new testable predictions far-from-equilibrium.
The theory has also been criticized in the grounds of internal consistency. For instance, Radu B... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The melting point of ice is at standard pressure; however, pure liquid water can be supercooled well below that temperature without freezing if the liquid is not mechanically disturbed. It can remain in a fluid state down to its homogeneous nucleation point of about . The melting point of ordinary hexagonal ice falls ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An amphoteric substance is one that can act as an acid or as a base, depending on pH. Water (below) is amphoteric. Another example of an amphoteric molecule is the bicarbonate ion that is the conjugate base of the carbonic acid molecule H2CO3 in the equilibrium
but also the conjugate acid of the carbonate ion in (the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Currently, the stability of most ionic liquids under practical electrochemical conditions is unknown, and the fundamental choice of ionic fluid is still empirical as there is almost no data on metal ion thermodynamics to feed into solubility and speciation models. Also, there are no Pourbaix diagrams available, no stan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In quantum field theory (QFT), the fabric of "empty" space is visualized as consisting of fields, with the field at every point in space and time being a quantum harmonic oscillator, with neighboring oscillators interacting with each other. According to QFT the universe is made up of matter fields whose quanta are ferm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The optical absorption spectrum of pyridine in hexane consists of bands at the wavelengths of 195, 251, and 270 nm. With respective extinction coefficients (ε) of 7500, 2000, and 450 L·mol·cm, these bands are assigned to π → π*, π → π*, and n → π* transitions.
The H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum shows sig... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It was historically used as a first-line treatment for hyperthyroidism, as the administration of pharmacologic amounts of iodine leads to temporary inhibition of iodine organification in the thyroid gland, caused by phenomena including the Wolff–Chaikoff effect and the Plummer effect. However it is not used to treat ce... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The synthesis of borjatriol involved the rare isolation of a migrated epoxide. The diastereomeric mixture of rearrangement products was carried through the remainder of the synthesis.
The final two steps in the total synthesis of spatol involved intramolecular electrophilic trapping of an alkoxide derived from a rearra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The leading hadron results from the hadronization of the struck quark. This latter retains the information on its motion inside the nucleon, including its transverse momentum which allows to access the transverse momentum distributions (TMDs) of partons.
Likewise, by detecting the leading hadron, one essentially tags (... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Adsorptionsversuche an Gläsern and Filtersubstanzen nach der Methode der radioaktiven Indikatoren. (Adsorption experiments on glasses and filter substances according to the method of radioactive indicators.)
*Radioactive indicators, enteric coatings and intestinal absorption.
*A new method of testing enteric coatings.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He taught courses on General and Inorganic Chemistry, Photochemistry, Supramolecular chemistry. He was chairman of the PhD course on Chemical Sciences from 2002 to 2007 and of the “laurea specialistica” in Photochemistry and Material Chemistry from 2004 to 2007. In the Academic Year 2008–2009, he founded at the Univers... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Seaborg Technologies is working on a nuclear reactor design in which NaOH is used as a neutron moderator. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Protolysis mechanism of cis- and trans-β-chlorovinylmercury chlorides when acted upon by HCl and DCl
* Pd-Catalyzed amination of dibromobiphenyls in the synthesis of macrocycles comprising two biphenyl and two polyamine moieties
* The influence of the substituents in the electrofilic bimolecular reaction
* New trend... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Outfalls vary in diameter from as narrow as 15 cm to as wide as 8 m; the widest registered outfall in the world with 8 m diameter is located in Navia (Spain) for the discharge of industrial wastewater. Outfalls vary in length from 50 m to 55 km, the longest registered outfalls being the Boston outfall with a length of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gases exhibit by far the greatest space (and, consequently, the weakest intermolecular forces) between their atoms or molecules; since intermolecular interactions are minuscule in comparison to those in liquids and solids, dilute gases very easily form solutions with one another. Air is one such example: it can be more... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cell-free production of proteins is performed in vitro using purified RNA polymerase, ribosomes, tRNA and ribonucleotides. These reagents may be produced by extraction from cells or from a cell-based expression system. Due to the low expression levels and high cost of cell-free systems, cell-based systems are more wide... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The toxicity of metal carbonyls is due to toxicity of carbon monoxide, the metal, and because of the volatility and instability of the complexes, any inherent toxicity of the metal is generally made much more severe due to ease of exposure. Exposure occurs by inhalation, or for liquid metal carbonyls by ingestion or du... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Primary, calibration, and reference materials are only available in small quantities and purchase is often limited to once every few years. Depending on the specific isotope systems and instrumentation, a shortage of available reference materials can be problematic for daily instrument calibrations or for researchers a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A polyoxyanion is a polymeric oxyanion in which multiple oxyanion monomers, usually regarded as polyhedra, are joined by sharing corners or edges. When two corners of a polyhedron are shared the resulting structure may be a chain or a ring. Short chains occur, for example, in polyphosphates. Inosilicates, such as pyro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Iodine gradually sublimes and produces visible fumes on gentle heating at standard atmospheric temperature. It is possible to obtain liquid iodine at atmospheric pressure by controlling the temperature at just between the melting point and the boiling point of iodine. In forensic science, iodine vapor can reveal latent... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alogliptin, sold under the brand names Nesina and Vipidia, is an oral anti-diabetic drug in the DPP-4 inhibitor (gliptin) class. Like other members of the gliptin class, it causes little or no weight gain, exhibits relatively little risk of hypoglycemia, and has relatively modest glucose-lowering activity. Alogliptin a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
β decay had been first described theoretically by Fermis original ansatz which was Lorentz-invariant and involved a 4-point fermion vector current. However, this did not incorporate parity violation within the matrix element in Fermis Golden Rule seen in weak interactions. The Gamow–Teller theory was necessary for the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A rotating-vane vorticity meter was invented by Russian hydraulic engineer A. Ya. Milovich (1874–1958). In 1913 he proposed a cork with four blades attached as a device qualitatively showing the magnitude of the vertical projection of the vorticity and demonstrated a motion-picture photography of the float's motion on ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Charles Moureu attended school in Bayonne. At 17, he apprenticed with his older brother, Félix Moureu, in his brother's pharmacy in Biarritz, in preparation for studies in pharmacy.
From 1884 to 1891 Moureu studied at the École Supérieure de Pharmacie in Paris. He received the school's silver medal in 1886, and both it... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Silicified carbonates can appear as silicified carbonate rock layers, or in the form of silicified karsts. The Paleogene Madrid Basin in Central Spain is a foreland basin resulted from the Alpine uplift, an example of silicified carbonates in rock layers. The lithology consists of carbonate and detritus units that were... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The pipette itself is an apparatus comprising following members (see Fig. 2).
: pipette tip configured to be able to access and aspirate/discharge liquid from/into each of vessels, having
::a front end portion,
::a reservoir portion,
::a liquid passage
:::connecting the front end portion and the reservoir portion,
::a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Green engineering follows nine guiding principles:
#Engineer processes and products holistically, use systems analysis and integrate environmental impact assessment tools.
#Conserve and improve natural ecosystems while protecting human health and well-being.
#Use life-cycle thinking in all engineering activities.
#Ensu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemical synthesis, click chemistry is a class of simple, atom-economy reactions commonly used for joining two molecular entities of choice. Click chemistry is not a single specific reaction, but describes a way of generating products that follow examples in nature, which also generates substances by joining small m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent is a form of neuromuscular blocker that depolarizes the motor end plate. An example is succinylcholine. Depolarizing blocking agents work by depolarizing the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber, similar to acetylcholine. However, these agents are more resistant to degradatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Boundary conditions in fluid dynamics are the set of constraints to boundary value problems in computational fluid dynamics. These boundary conditions include inlet boundary conditions, outlet boundary conditions, wall boundary conditions, constant pressure boundary conditions, axisymmetric boundary conditions, symmetr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many carbonyl compounds exhibit keto–enol tautomerism. This effect is especially pronounced in 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds that can form hydrogen-bonded enols. The equilibrium constant is dependent upon the solvent polarity, with the cis-enol form predominating at low polarity and the diketo form predominating at high pol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In New Zealand, pseudoephedrine is currently classified as a Class B Part II controlled drug in the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975, making it illegal to supply or possess except on prescription.
Pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, and any product containing these substances, e.g. cold and flu medicines, were first classified in Octo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All redox reactions take place in the hydrophilic domain of complex I. NADH initially binds to complex I, and transfers two electrons to the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) prosthetic group of the enzyme, creating FMNH. The electron acceptor – the isoalloxazine ring – of FMN is identical to that of FAD. The electrons are t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Total inorganic carbon (C or TIC) is the sum of the inorganic carbon species.
Carbon compounds can be distinguished as either organic or inorganic, and dissolved or particulate, depending on their composition. Organic carbon forms the backbone of key components of organic compounds such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM) provides services to professionals engaged in all facets of the global minerals sector and is based in Carlton, Victoria, Australia. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hypothermia is often defined as any body temperature below . With this method it is divided into degrees of severity based on the core temperature.
Another classification system, the Swiss staging system, divides hypothermia based on the presenting symptoms which is preferred when it is not possible to determine an acc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Both the vancomycin aglycone and the complete vancomycin molecule have been targets successfully reached by total synthesis. The target was first achieved by David Evans in October 1998, KC Nicolaou in December 1998, Dale Boger in 1999, and has recently been more selectively synthesized again by Dale Boger in 2020. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The sponge bomb was developed by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) to address the use of tunnels by Hamas in Gaza. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The energy U stored in an electrostatic field distribution is:Knowing the magnitude of the electric field of an ion in a medium of dielectric constant ε is and the volume element can be expressed as , the energy can be written as: Thus, the energy of solvation of the ion from gas phase (ε =1) to a medium of dielect... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methane, the main constituent of natural gas can be produced from algae in various methods, namely gasification, pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion. In gasification and pyrolysis methods methane is extracted under high temperature and pressure. Anaerobic digestion is a straightforward method involved in decomposition of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aequorin is a holoprotein composed of two distinct units, the apoprotein that is called apoaequorin, which has an approximate molecular weight of 21 kDa, and the prosthetic group coelenterazine, the luciferin. This is to say, apoaequorin is the enzyme produced in the photocytes of the animal, and coelenterazine is the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
3α-Etiocholanediol, or simply etiocholanediol, also known as 3α,5β-androstanediol or as etiocholane-3α,17β-diol, is a naturally occurring etiocholane (5β-androstane) steroid and an endogenous metabolite of testosterone. It is formed from 5β-dihydrotestosterone (after 5β-reduction of testosterone) and is further transfo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The impetus for development of selective COX-2 inhibitors was the adverse gastrointestinal side-effects of NSAIDs. Soon after the discovery of the mechanism of action of NSAIDs, strong indications emerged for alternative forms of COX, but little supporting evidence was found. COX enzyme proved to be difficult to purify... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Serinolamide A is a cannabinoid structurally related to endocannabinoids found in cyanobacteria such as Lyngbya majuscula and other species in the Oscillatoria family. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Type P (55%Pd/31%Pt/14%Au–65%Au/35%Pd, by weight) thermocouples give a thermoelectric voltage that mimics the type K over the range 500 °C to 1400 °C, however they are constructed purely of noble metals and so shows enhanced corrosion resistance. This combination is also known as Platinel II. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dispersion is a process that occurs in soils that are particularly vulnerable to erosion by water. In soil layers where clays are saturated with sodium ions ("sodic soils"), soil can break down very easily into fine particles and wash away. This can lead to a variety of soil and water quality problems, including:
* lar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Clinical trials are classified by the research objective created by the investigators.
* In an observational study, the investigators observe the subjects and measure their outcomes. The researchers do not actively manage the study.
* In an interventional study, the investigators give the research subjects an experimen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many microbes (phototrophs) are capable of using light as a source of energy to produce ATP and organic compounds such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Of these, algae are particularly significant because they are oxygenic, using water as an electron donor for electron transfer during photosynthesis. Phototrop... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1540, Vannoccio Biringuccio publishes his De la pirotechnia, the first systematic book on metallurgy, in 1556 Georg Agricola writes De Re Metallica, an influential book on metallurgy and mining, and glass lens are developed in the Netherlands and used for the first time in microscopes and telescopes.
In the 17th ce... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because the hypothalamus/osmoreceptor system ordinarily works well to cause drinking or urination to restore the bodys sodium concentrations to normal, this system can be used in medical treatment to regulate the bodys total fluid content, by first controlling the body's sodium content. Thus, when a powerful diuretic d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PCAF has been shown to interact with:
* BRCA2,
* CTNNB1,
* CREBBP,
* EVI1,
* HNF1A,
* IRF1,
* IRF2,
* KLF13,
* Mdm2
* Myc,
* NCOA1,
* POLR2A,
* RBPJ,
* TCF3,
* TRRAP, and
* TWIST1. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, a hydride is formally the anion of hydrogen (H), a hydrogen atom with two electrons. The term is applied loosely. At one extreme, all compounds containing covalently bound H atoms are also called hydrides: water (HO) is a hydride of oxygen, ammonia is a hydride of nitrogen, etc. For inorganic chemists, hy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Society of Chemical Industry (America Section) or SCI America is an independent learned society inspired by the creation of the Society of Chemical Industry (SCI) in London in 1881. Originally known as the New York Section, it was formed in 1894 and officially renamed the America Section in 1919. The main activity... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, the empirical formula of a chemical compound is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound. A simple example of this concept is that the empirical formula of sulfur monoxide, or SO, would simply be SO, as is the empirical formula of disulfur dioxide, SO. Thus, sulfur monoxide and disul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Structural isomers have the same number of atoms of each element (hence the same molecular formula), but the atoms are connected in distinct ways. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stakeholder Program on Agent Detection Assays (SPADA) brings together expert stakeholders from the biothreat community to foster a comprehensive and uniform approach to scientific analysis and detection of biothreat agents. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RNA-Seq (named as an abbreviation of RNA sequencing) is a technique that uses next-generation sequencing to reveal the presence and quantity of RNA molecules in a biological sample, providing a snapshot of gene expression in the sample, also known as transcriptome.
Specifically, RNA-Seq facilitates the ability to look ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Defining non-dimensional plate length , non-dimensional plate edge depth , and non-dimensional load , Burton and Bush derived the following analytical results:
<br />
<br />
The equations for and give the configuration parameters that give the maximum value of . For further insight, it is helpful to examine various... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) is a technique in organic synthesis. It entails heating a precursor molecule intensely and briefly. Two key parameters are the temperature and duration (or residence time), which are adjusted to optimize yield, conversion, and avoidance of intractable products. Often the experiment entai... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alkali metal nitrates are chemical compounds consisting of an alkali metal (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium) and the nitrate ion. Only two are of major commercial value, the sodium and potassium salts. They are white, water-soluble salts with melting points ranging from 255 °C () to 414 °C () on a rela... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The study of MA structure and function is challenging, in particular because of their megadalton size, but also because of their complex compositions and varying dynamic natures. Most have had standard chemical and biochemical methods applied (methods of protein purification and centrifugation, chemical and electroche... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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