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In animals, it has been shown that different cell types maintain different concentrations of magnesium. It seems likely that the same is true for plants. This suggests that different cell types may regulate influx and efflux of magnesium in different ways based on their unique metabolic needs. Interstitial and systemic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Atmospheric curium compounds are poorly soluble in common solvents and mostly adhere to soil particles. Soil analysis revealed about 4,000 times higher concentration of curium at the sandy soil particles than in water present in the soil pores. An even higher ratio of about 18,000 was measured in loam soils. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Stork quinine synthesis starts from chiral (S)-4-vinylbutyrolactone 1. The compound is obtained by chiral resolution and in fact, in the subsequent steps all stereogenic centers are put in place by chiral induction: the sequence does not contain asymmetric steps.
The lactone is ring-opened with diethylamine to amid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This class is defined by loss of two beta-strands and additional N-terminal strands. Both namesakes of this superfamily, myosin and kinesin, have shifted to use ATP. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* The Genesis Account: A theological, historical, and scientific commentary on Genesis 1-11, 2015, Creation Book Publishers
* Christianity for Skeptics, 2012, with Steve Kumar (first author), Creation Book Publishers
* The Greatest Hoax on Earth? Refuting Dawkins on Evolution, 2010, Creation Book Publishers
* By Des... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Time-domain thermoreflectance is a method by which the thermal properties of a material can be measured, most importantly thermal conductivity. This method can be applied most notably to thin film materials (up to hundreds of nanometers thick), which have properties that vary greatly when compared to the same materials... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Berthelot's reagent has been used in a range of situations. It is often used in colorimetric methods, through an AutoAnalyzer, spectrophotometer, or multiwell plate spectrophotometer. The reagent lacks sensitivity in situations where there may be amines as well as ammonia, however this can be overcome in part by the us... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are several types of screen media manufactured with different types of material that use the two common types of screen media attachment systems, tensioned and modular. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The CEBR manifesto states: "The UK has suffered from too many boom and bust infrastructure projects. A steady, planned, rolling programme will reduce costs, speed up journey times, create more seats on more reliable trains and ultimately reduce ticket prices." The group staged a protest on top of Snowdon in 2018. In Ju... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In crystals, the electronic energy spectrum has a band structure . Near the minimum of an isotropic energy band, electron energy can be expanded in powers of as where is the electron effective mass. It can be shown that it satisfies the equation
Here the sum runs over all bands with . Therefore, the ratio of the fr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The van Deemter equation in chromatography, named for Jan van Deemter, relates the variance per unit length of a separation column to the linear mobile phase velocity by considering physical, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties of a separation. These properties include pathways within the column, diffusion (axial and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Additionally, sea foam is a habitat for a number of marine microorganisms. Some research has shown the presence of various microphytoplanktonic, nanophytoplanktonic, and diatom groups in seafoam; the phytoplankton groups appeared in significantly higher abundance than in sea surface film and the top pelagic zone | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To reconcile the evidence from both mutational pressures and selection, the prevailing hypothesis for codon bias can be explained by the mutation-selection-drift balance model. This hypothesis states that selection favors major codons over minor codons, but minor codons are able to persist due to mutation pressure and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bimetal strips are used in miniature circuit breakers to protect circuits from excess current. A coil of wire is used to heat a bimetal strip, which bends and operates a linkage that unlatches a spring-operated contact. This interrupts the circuit and can be reset when the bimetal strip has cooled down.
Bimetal strips ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (also dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide or DODAB) is a double-chained quaternary ammonium surfactant that forms unilamellar vesicles (ULVs) in water. Among various preparation methods, the ‘‘hot-water” method offers a simple procedure to prepare DODAB cationic vesicles by simply d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some authorities have recommended producing methanol instead of traditional transportation fuels. It is a liquid at normal temperatures and can be toxic if ingested. Methanol has a higher octane rating than gasoline but a lower energy density, and can be mixed with other fuels or used on its own. It may also be used in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The α-carbon is important for enol- and enolate-based carbonyl chemistry as well. Chemical transformations affected by the conversion to either an enolate or an enol, in general, lead to the α-carbon acting as a nucleophile, becoming, for example, alkylated in the presence of primary haloalkane. An exception is in reac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bragg diffraction occurs when radiation of a wavelength comparable to atomic spacings is scattered in a specular fashion (mirror-like reflection) by planes of atoms in a crystalline material, and undergoes constructive interference. When the scattered waves are incident at a specific angle, they remain in phase and co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The beginning of the 1990s saw Brill accorded the Archaeological Institute of Americas Pomerance Award for scientific contributions to archaeology; however the decade mostly reflects Brills continuing dedication to Asian glasses and the study of the Silk Road (Archaeological Institute of America 2009). In Scientific Re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another idea proposed was that ERVs from the same family played a role in recruiting multiple genes into the same network of regulation. It was found that MER41 elements provided addition redundant regulatory enhancement to the genes located near STAT1 binding sites. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ambergris is found in lumps of various shapes and sizes, usually weighing from to or more. When initially expelled by or removed from the whale, the fatty precursor of ambergris is pale white in color (sometimes streaked with black), soft, with a strong fecal smell. Following months to years of photodegradation and o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In one large-scale application, para-xylene is converted to terephthalic acid. The major application of ortho-xylene is as a precursor to phthalate esters, used as plasticizer. Meta-xylene is converted to isophthalic acid derivatives, which are components of alkyd resins. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Research on accurately modeling rates of mutation has been conducted for many years. A recent paper by Ziheng Yang and Rasmus Nielsen compared various methods and developed a new modeling method. They found that the new method was preferable for its smaller biases, which make it useful for large scale screening, but th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, alkynylation is an addition reaction in which a terminal alkyne () is added to a carbonyl group () to form an α-alkynyl alcohol ().
When the acetylide is formed from acetylene (), the reaction gives an α-ethynyl alcohol. This process is often referred to as ethynylation. Such processes often inv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Table 1: Reaction times and yield vary on the substrate. The β-glucopyranoside was found to be the best substrate for the Tipson–Cohen reaction as the reaction time and yield were much superior that any other substrate proposed in the study.
Substrates possess benzylidene protecting groups at C-4 and C-6, OMe groups at... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If protein specific labelling is applied, MDS allows membrane proteins to be sized. This is particularly useful as it is an area where other biophysical techniques can struggle - for example dynamic light scattering (DLS) is of limited use, since free detergent molecules may also scatter light and affect the results.
F... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are two main types of vibrations: free and forced. Free vibrations are the natural or normal modes of vibration for a substance. Forced vibrations are caused by some sort of excitation to make the analyte resonate beyond its normal modes. ARS employs forced vibrations upon the analyte unlike most commonly used te... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The columns used in FPLC are large [mm id] tubes that contain small [µ] particles or gel beads that are known as stationary phase. The chromatographic bed is composed by the gel beads inside the column and the sample is introduced into the injector and carried into the column by the flowing solvent. As a result of dif... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neurotrophin-3, or NT-3, is a neurotrophic factor, in the NGF-family of neurotrophins. It is a protein growth factor that has activity on certain neurons of the peripheral and central nervous system; it helps to support the survival and differentiation of existing neurons, and encourages the growth and differentiation ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The CO compensation point (Γ) is the CO concentration at which the rate of photosynthesis exactly matches the rate of respiration. There is a significant difference in Γ between plants and plants: on land, the typical value for Γ in a plant ranges from 40–100 μmol/mol, while in plants the values are lower at ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For organic compounds, the length of the C-O bond does not vary widely from 120 picometers. Inorganic carbonyls have shorter C-O distances: CO, 113; CO, 116; and COCl, 116 pm.
The carbonyl carbon is typically electrophilic. A qualitative order of electrophilicity is RCHO (aldehydes) > RCO (ketones) > RCOR' (esters) > ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The PageRank algorithm has several applications in biochemistry. ("PageRank" is an algorithm used in Google Search for ranking websites in their results, but it has been adopted for other purposes also. According to Google, PageRank works by "counting the number and quality of links to a page to determine a rough esti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most radiometers for remote sensing (RS) acquire multispectral images. Dividing the spectrum into many bands, multispectral is the opposite of panchromatic, which records only the total intensity of radiation falling on each pixel. Usually, Earth observation satellites have three or more radiometers. Each acquires one... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* sulphurated hydrogene
**therapeutic application of H2S for gastrointestinal disorders dates as early as 1806
*hepatic air | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wood's notation takes the form
where M is the chemical symbol of the substrate, A is the chemical symbol of the overlayer, are the Miller indices of the surface plane, R and correspond to the rotational difference between the substrate and overlayer vectors, and the vector magnitudes shown are those of the substrate ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Decorin is an example of a proteoglycan which functions as a myokine. Kanzleiter et al have established that this myokine is secreted during muscular contraction against resistance, and plays a role in muscle growth. They reported on July 1, 2014: "The small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin has been described as a myo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In many nonlinear field theories like general relativity or Yang–Mills theories, the basic field equations are highly nonlinear and exact solutions are only known for ‘sufficiently symmetric’ distributions of matter (e.g. rotationally or axially symmetric configurations). Time-translation symmetry is guaranteed only in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The 1st group of anions consist of CO, HCO, CHCOO, S, SO, Thiosulfate| and NO. The reagent for Group 1 anions is dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) or dilute sulfuric acid (HSO).
* Carbonates give a brisk effervescence with dilute HSO due to the release of CO, a colorless gas which turns limewater milky due to formation of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A total of 64 experiments were performed in which the actual Faraday efficiency was measured. The results were analyzed twice; once with the popular assumption that the Faraday efficiency is 100%, and, again, taking into account the measured Faraday efficiency in each experiment. The average Faraday efficiency measured... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mycosubtilin is a heptapeptide, cyclized in a ring with a β-amino fatty acid. The peptide sequence is composed of -Asn--Tyr--Asn--Gln--Pro--Ser--Asn. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Specific temperature at a specific pressure at which large groups of micelles begin to precipitate out into a quasi-separate phase. As temperature is raised above the cloud point this causes the distinct surfactant phase to form densely packed micelle groups known as aggregates. The phase separation is a reversible sep... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*1966: published Physical Methods in Inorganic Chemistry
*1966: published Prerequisites for College Chemistry
*1969: won the ACS Award in Inorganic Chemistry
*1970: co-authored Acids and Bases with N A Matwiyoff
*1970: co-authored Core Experiments in General Chemistry with T L Brown
*1971: published Qualitative Concept... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Compared to traditional inhibitors, PROTACs display multiple benefits that make them desirable drug candidates. Due to their catalytic mechanism, PROTACs can be administered at lower doses compared to their inhibitor analogues. Some PROTACs have been shown to be more selective than their inhibitor analogues, reducing o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The study of protein folding began in 1910 with a famous paper by Harriette Chick and C. J. Martin, in which they showed that the flocculation of a protein was composed of two distinct processes: the precipitation of a protein from solution was preceded by another process called denaturation, in which the protein becam... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Valvular heart disease is a major cause of death globally. Both mechanical valves and fixed biological xenograft or homografts used clinically have many drawbacks. One study focused on fibrin-based heart valves to assess structure and mechanical durability on sheep revealed promising potential for patient originated va... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) is an isothermal (performed at constant temperature), single-tube nucleic acid amplification system utilizing two enzymes, RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase.
"Amplification" means creating many more copies of a strand of nucleic acid than was present at first, in order ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For the governing equations of compressible flow, each equation, starting with the conservation of mass, is filtered. This gives:
which results in an additional sub-filter term. However, it is desirable to avoid having to model the sub-filter scales of the mass conservation equation. For this reason, Favre proposed ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Estimation of V̇O max from a timed one-mile track walk in decimal minutes (, e.g.: 20:35 would be specified as 20.58), sex, age in years, body weight in pounds (, lbs), and 60-second heart rate in beats-per-minute (, bpm) at the end of the mile. The constant is 6.3150 for males, 0 for females. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Birds not usually considered predators of mice do take voles; examples include gulls (Larus sp.), northern shrikes (Larius borealis), black-billed magpies (Pica hudsonica), common ravens (Corvus corax), American crows (C. brachyrhynchos), great blue herons (Ardea herodias), and American bitterns (Botaurus lentiginosus)... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfur has four stable isotopes, with the following abundances: S (0.9502), S (0.0075), S (0.0421) and S (0.0002). These abundances are compared to those found in Cañon Diablo troilite. Variations in sulfur isotope ratios are used to study the origin of sulfur in an orebody and the temperature of formation of sulfur&n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A dendrimer is a highly branched macromolecule with a spherical shape. The surface of the particle may be functionalized in many ways and many of the properties of the resulting construct are determined by its surface.
In particular it is possible to construct a cationic dendrimer, i.e. one with a positive surface char... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
S1 end mapping - S1 nuclease - satellite DNA - screening - SDS-PAGE - secondary structure - selection - selenium responsive proteins - sense strand - sequence - sequence motif - sequence polymorphism - sequence-tagged site - sequential epitope - severe combined immunodeficiency - sex chromosome - sex-linked - Shine-Dal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tissue engineering emerged during the 1990s as a potentially powerful option for regenerating tissue and research initiatives were established in various cities in the US and in European countries including the UK, Italy, Germany and Switzerland, and also in Japan. Soon fledgling societies were formed in these countrie... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The NeSSI Technology Development Roadmap groups the technology into three generations, which are backward compatible. Generation I is a commercial product and proven in numerous industrial and laboratory applications. Generation II products have been proven in the laboratory but have yet to be commercialized. Generatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
1,3-Propanedithiol is the chemical compound with the formula HSCHCHCHSH. This dithiol is a useful reagent in organic synthesis. This liquid, which is readily available commercially, has an intense stench. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Silver-coated mirrors are optimum for use as steering mirrors for infrared pulses around 800 nm. Their reflectivity is higher than gold and much higher than aluminum at that wavelength. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In laboratory settings, ELISA and immunodiffusion assays are most commonly used to detect levels of Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies in patient sera.
Antibodies specific to Ro52 are difficult to detect via laboratory testing. Their low detectability may be attributed to several factors: the antibodies are precipitin negative, la... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Consider the scattering of a beam of wavelength by an assembly of particles or atoms stationary at positions . Assume that the scattering is weak, so that the amplitude of the incident beam is constant throughout the sample volume (Born approximation), and absorption, refraction and multiple scattering can be neglec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nucleophilic substitution reactions occur when a nucleophilic molecule attacks a positive or partially positive electrophilic center by breaking and creating a new bond. S1 and S2 are two different mechanisms for nucleophilic substitution, and S1 involves a carbocation intermediate. In S1, a leaving group is broken off... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transition metal carbyne complexes are organometallic compounds with a triple bond between carbon and the transition metal. This triple bond consists of a σ-bond and two π-bonds. The HOMO of the carbyne ligand interacts with the LUMO of the metal to create the σ-bond. The two π-bonds are formed when the two HOMO orbita... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The largest implication that arises from resonance fluorescence is that for future technologies. Resonance fluorescence is used primarily in the coherent control of atoms. By coupling a two-level atom, such as a quantum dot, to an electric field in the form of a laser, you are able to effectively create a qubit. The qu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The transcription, a complete set of general transcription factors and RNA polymerase need to be assembled at the core promoter to form the ~2.5 million Dalton preinitiation complex. For example, for promoters that contain a TATA box near the TSS, the recognition of TATA box by the TBP subunit of TFIID initiates the a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The GFP was created in 1970 by the polymer physicist André Kovacs and the chemist Georges Champetier, one of the first researchers in France to study polymer science.
The statutes of the GFP set out the following goals:
* the advancement and dissemination of studies on macromolecular substances,
* the grouping of rese... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Tn5 transposon system is a model system for the study of transposition and for the application of transposon mutagenesis. Tn5 is a bacterial composite transposon in which genes (the original system containing antibiotic resistance genes) are flanked by two nearly identical insertion sequences, named IS50R and IS50L... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Conventional radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) used to power spacecraft use a radioactive material whose radiation is used to heat a block of material and then converted to electricity using a thermocouple. Thermocouples are very inefficient and their replacement with TPV could offer significant improvement... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nuclear fission is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei. The fission process often produces gamma photons, and releases a very large amount of energy even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay.
Nuclear fission was discovered on 19 December 1938 in Berlin by German... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The squat effect is the hydrodynamic phenomenon by which a vessel moving through shallow water creates an area of reduced pressure that causes the ship to increase its draft and thereby be closer to the seabed than would otherwise be expected. This phenomenon is caused by the water flow which accelerates as it passes b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nutrients enter freshwater or marine environments as surface runoff from agricultural pollution and urban runoff from fertilized lawns, golf courses and other landscaped properties; and from sewage treatment plants that lack nutrient control systems. Additional nutrients are introduced from atmospheric pollution. Coast... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
VAMAS6 - vanillin synthase - VanY protein domain - Var1 protein domain - vax2os1 - vector - VEK-30 protein domain - vinorine hydroxylase - vitamin B12-transporting ATPase - vitamin D binding protein domain III - vitelline membrane outer layer protein I (VMO-I) - | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A bevel protractor is a graduated circular protractor with one pivoted arm; used for measuring or marking off angles. Sometimes Vernier scales are attached to give more precise readings. It has wide application in architectural and mechanical drawing, although its use is decreasing with the availability of modern drawi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An early application of a DNA database was the compilation of a Mitochondrial DNA Concordance, prepared by Kevin W. P. Miller and John L. Dawson at the University of Cambridge from 1996 to 1999 from data collected as part of Millers PhD thesis. There are now several DNA databases in existence around the world. Some are... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Solid-state NMR techniques have the potential to yield detailed information about the dynamics of individual amino acid residues within a membrane protein. However, the techniques can require large amounts (100–200 mg) of isotopically labeled proteins and are most informative when applied to small proteins where spectr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Significant are also the extensions of the polaron concept: acoustic polaron, piezoelectric polaron, electronic polaron, bound polaron, trapped polaron, spin polaron, molecular polaron, solvated polarons, polaronic exciton, Jahn-Teller polaron, small polaron, bipolarons and many-polaron systems. These extensions of the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mapping the relative orientation of crystalline grains and/or phases helps understand material texture at the micro and nano scales. In a transmission electron microscope, this is accomplished by recording a diffraction pattern at a large number of points (pixels) over a region of the crystalline specimen. By comparing... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In physics, optical depth or optical thickness is the natural logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted radiant power through a material.
Thus, the larger the optical depth, the smaller the amount of transmitted radiant power through the material.
Spectral optical depth or spectral optical thickness is the nat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term "biotoxin" is sometimes used to explicitly confirm the biological origin as opposed to environmental or anthropogenic origins. Biotoxins can be classified by their mechanism of delivery as poisons (passively transferred via ingestion, inhalation, or absorption across the skin), toxungens (actively transferred ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nano-particles can self-assemble on solid surfaces after external forces (like magnetic and electric) are applied. Templates made of microstructures, like carbon nanotubes or block polymers, can also be used to assist in self-assembly. They cause directed self-assembly (DSA), in which active sites are embedded to selec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many isotopes of chemical elements can be used for NMR analysis.
Commonly used nuclei:
* , the most commonly used spin- nucleus in NMR investigation, has been studied using many forms of NMR. Hydrogen is highly abundant, especially in biological systems. It is the nucleus most sensitive to NMR signal (apart from , whic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Palladium precatalyst species are activated under reaction conditions to form a reactive Pd compound, A. The exact identity of the catalytic species depends strongly upon reaction conditions. With simple phosphines, such as PPh (n=2), and in case of bulky phosphines (i.e., ) it was demonstrated that monoligated speci... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
β-catenin destabilization by ethanol is one of two known pathways whereby alcohol exposure induces fetal alcohol syndrome (the other is ethanol-induced folate deficiency). Ethanol leads to β-catenin destabilization via a G-protein-dependent pathway, wherein activated Phospholipase Cβ hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol-(4,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Eutrophication is a general term describing a process in which nutrients accumulate in a body of water, resulting in an increased growth of microorganisms that may deplete the water of oxygen. Although eutrophication is a natural process, manmade or cultural eutrophication is far more common and is a rapid process caus... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Theories about the origin of life require knowledge of chemical pathways that permit formation of lifes key building blocks under plausible prebiotic conditions. The RNA world hypothesis holds that in the primordial soup there existed free-floating ribonucleotides, the fundamental molecules that combine in series to f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A hemichrome (FeIII) is a form of low-spin methemoglobin (metHb).
Hemichromes, which precede the denaturation processes of hemoglobin (Hb), are mainly produced by partially denaturated hemoglobins and form histidine complexes.
Hemichromes are usually associated with blood disorders. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
RNA is a very similar molecule to DNA, with only two significant chemical differences (the backbone of RNA uses ribose instead of deoxyribose and its nucleobases include uracil instead of thymine). The overall structure of RNA and DNA are immensely similar—one strand of DNA and one of RNA can bind to form a double heli... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The decline of filter-feeding shellfish populations, such as oysters, likely contribute to HAB occurrence. As such, numerous research projects are assessing the potential of restored shellfish populations to reduce HAB occurrence. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Major developments: Bayonets spread across Eurasia. A paper cartridge is introduced by Gustavus Adolphus. Rifles are used for war by Denmark. A ship of the line carrying 60 to 120 cannons appears in Europe. Samuel Pepys' diary mentions a machine gun like pistol. The "true" flintlock replaces the snaphance flintlock in ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The anaerobic aspect of this process, the process carried out without oxygen, is performed by anaerobic microorganisms degrading organic substances in the wastewater. An integral process within this part of the separation is hydrolysis, which decomposes the organic compounds into much simpler compounds which can then b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following processes for the regeneration of HCl from spent pickle liquors have been adopted by the ferrous metals processing industry: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MALDI-TOF spectra are often used for the identification of microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi. A portion of a colony of the microbe in question is placed onto the sample target and overlaid with matrix. The mass spectra of expressed proteins generated are analyzed by dedicated software and compared with stored pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CS was discovered by Béla Lengyel, who assigned it an unsymmetrical structure. Later, infrared and Raman spectroscopy showed that the structure is symmetrical with a D point group symmetry, i.e. S=C=C=C=S. This compound is analogous to carbon suboxide whose structure is O=C=C=C=O.
Lengyel first synthesized this compoun... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Organic molecules containing knots may fall into the categories of slipknots or pseudo-knots. They are not considered mathematical knots because they are not a closed curve, but rather a knot that exists within an otherwise linear chain, with termini at each end. Knotted proteins are thought to form molecular knots dur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Synthesis of molecules in a combinatorial fashion can quickly lead to large numbers of molecules. For example, a molecule with three points of diversity (R, R, and R) can generate possible structures, where , , and are the numbers of different substituents utilized.
The basic principle of combinatorial chemistry is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Studying the decomposition of double salts of aryldiazonium halides with mercury halides by copper powder, in 1929 Nesmeyanov proposed a new method for obtaining arylmercury halides. Later, the diazo method was extended to the synthesis of organometallic compounds of thallium, germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For Schottky diodes, majority carrier traps are observed by the application of a reverse bias pulse, while minority carrier traps can be observed when the reverse bias voltage pulses are replaced with light pulses with the photon energy from the above semiconductor bandgap spectral range. This method is called Minority... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Usually, the amine reacts as the nucleophile with another organic compound acting as the electrophile. This sense of reactivity may be reversed for some electron-deficient amines, including oxaziridines, hydroxylamines, oximes, and other N–O substrates. When the amine is used as an electrophile, the reaction is called ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
S-Methylcysteine is the amino acid with the nominal formula CHSCHCH(NH)COH. It is the S-methylated derivative of cysteine. This amino acid occurs widely in plants, including many edible vegetables. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
80 people who got a good score will join the Summer School 1, which is usually held far away from Seoul. In the school, students learn basic chemistry for two weeks and there isn't any experiment classes. When the school is almost finished, students take an exam. One person gets a Best Graduation, 24 people get a Merit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Oligomer Restriction method was beset by a number of problems:
* It could be applied only to the small set of DNA polymorphisms which alter a restriction site, and only to those sites for which sequence information was known. Many of the known RFLP assays detected polymorphisms which were far away from their probe ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Consider the series of delta functions given by
The Patterson function is given by the following series of delta functions and unit step functions | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrolysis is the reverse reaction of formation with regeneration of the carbonyl compound.
In the Shapiro reaction tosylhydrazones are used as a leaving group in elimination reactions. This reaction requires a strong base. If sodium methoxide is used as the base the reaction is called a Bamford–Stevens reaction. Tosy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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