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Sickle cell disease can be treated in mice. The mice – which have essentially the same defect that causes human cases – used a viral vector to induce production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which normally ceases to be produced shortly after birth. In humans, the use of hydroxyurea to stimulate the production of HbF tempo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trifluoroacetic acid, often used in these reductions, is a strong, corrosive acid. Some hydrosilanes are pyrophoric. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In Russia, starting from May 18, 2012, modafinil is Schedule II controlled substance. Being classified as a schedule II controlled substance in Russia means that it is seen as a drug with a high potential for abuse and dependence. This classification imposes strict regulations on the production, distribution, and use o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
GCaMP consists of three key domains: an M13 domain at the N-terminus, a calmodulin (CaM) domain at the C-terminus, and a GFP domain in the center. The GFP domain is circularly permuted such that the native N- and C-termini are fused together by a six-amino-acid linking sequence, and the GFP sequence is split in the mid... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A variety of supramolecular polymers can be synthesized by using monomers with host-guest complementary binding motifs, such as crown ethers/ammonium ions, cucurbiturils/viologens, calixarene/viologens, cyclodextrins/adamantane derivatives, and pillar arene/imidazolium derivatives [30–33]. When the monomers are "heter... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A detention basin or retarding basin is an excavated area installed on, or adjacent to, tributaries of rivers, streams, lakes or bays to protect against flooding and, in some cases, downstream erosion by storing water for a limited period of time. These basins are also called dry ponds, holding ponds or dry detention b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
No truly smooth surfaces really exist, and surface imperfections are visible under a microscope. As a result, when two bodies are pressed together, contact is only performed in a finite number of points, separated by relatively large gaps, as can be shown in Fig. 2. Since the actual contact area is reduced, another res... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zinc (Zn), alongside Magnesium (Mg) and Iron (Fe), constitutes one of the three families of biodegradable metals. Zinc, as an abundant trace element, ranks sixth among all the essential metallic elements crucial for sustaining life within the human body. Zinc exhibits an intermediate biodegradation rate, falling betwee... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
With an FFT based spectrum analyzer, the frequency resolution is , the inverse of the time T over which the waveform is measured and Fourier transformed.
With Fourier transform analysis in a digital spectrum analyzer, it is necessary to sample the input signal with a sampling frequency that is at least twice the bandw... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) is the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized (LCP and RCP) light, induced in a sample by a strong magnetic field oriented parallel to the direction of light propagation. MCD measurements can detect transitions which are too weak to be seen in conventional optic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RT-PCR can be used to diagnose genetic disease such as Lesch–Nyhan syndrome. This genetic disease is caused by a malfunction in the HPRT1 gene, which clinically leads to the fatal uric acid urinary stone and symptoms similar to gout. Analyzing a pregnant mother and a fetus for mRNA expression levels of HPRT1 will revea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A simple application of dimensional analysis to mathematics is in computing the form of the volume of an -ball (the solid ball in n dimensions), or the area of its surface, the -sphere: being an -dimensional figure, the volume scales as , while the surface area, being -dimensional, scales as . Thus the volume of the -b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bimolecular reactions are highly dependent on the concentration of substrates. Therefore, when a supramolecular container encapsulates both reactants within its small cavity, the effective local concentration of the reactants is increased and, as a result of an entropic effect, the rate of the reaction is accelerated. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Highly repetitive DNA consists of short stretches of DNA that are repeated many times in tandem (one after the other). The repeat segments are usually between 2 bp and 10 bp but longer ones are known. Highly repetitive DNA is rare in prokaryotes but common in eukaryotes, especially those with large genomes. It is somet... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The c-ANCA antigen is specifically proteinase 3 (PR3). p-ANCA antigens include myeloperoxidase (MPO) and bacterial permeability increasing factor Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI). Other antigens exist for c-ANCA (atypical), however many are as yet unknown. Classical p-ANCA occurs with antibodies direc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrons that are bound in atoms, molecules and solids each occupy distinct states of well-defined binding energies. When light quanta deliver more than this amount of energy to an individual electron, the electron may be emitted into free space with excess (kinetic) energy that is higher than the electron's binding ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Synthesis for a standard β-blocker begins with the mono-alkylation of catechol to give an ether (see figure 4).
The fundamental step, and usually the last, in the synthesis of β-blockers consists of adding a propanolamine side chain. This can be done following two paths which both involve alkylation of an appropriate p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While application of inorganic nanoparticles in bionanotechnology shows encouraging advancements from a materials science perspective, the use of such materials in vivo is limited by issues related with toxicity, biodistribution and bioaccumulation. Because metal inorganic nanoparticle systems degrade into their consti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Drug discovery is the process by which potential drugs are discovered or designed. In the past, most drugs have been discovered either by isolating the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Modern biotechnology often focuses on understanding the metabolic pathways related to a disea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Soon after the publication of Libbys 1949 paper in Science', universities around the world began establishing radiocarbon-dating laboratories, and by the end of the 1950s there were more than 20 active research laboratories. It quickly became apparent that the principles of radiocarbon dating were valid, despite certa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ehrlich joined the Institute of Experimental Therapy (Institut für experimentelle Therapie) at Frankfurt am Main, Germany, in 1899, becoming the director of its research institute the Georg–Speyer Haus in 1906. Here his research focused on testing arsenical dyes for killing microbes. Arsenic was an infamous poison, and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The competition between orientation produced by surface anchoring and by electric field effects is often exploited in liquid crystal devices. Consider the case in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned parallel to the surface and an electric field is applied perpendicular to the cell. At first, as the electric fiel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vanadium is often purified from aqueous extracts of slags and ore by selective precipitation of ammonium metavanadate. The material is then roasted to give vanadium pentoxide:
:2 NHVO → VO + 2 NH + HO | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the winter of 1856–57, Dirichlet found some solutions of Euler equations and he presented those in his lectures on partial differential equations in July 1857 and published the results in the same month. His work was left unfinished at his sudden death in 1859, but his notes were collated and published by Richard De... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The LHCGRs become desensitized when exposed to LH for some time. A key reaction of this downregulation is the phosphorylation of the intracellular (or cytoplasmic) receptor domain by protein kinases. This process uncouples Gs protein from the LHCGR. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The three TET genes are expressed as different isoforms, including at least two isoforms of TET1, three of TET2 and three of TET3. Different isoforms of the TET genes are expressed in different cells and tissues. The full-length canonical TET1 isoform appears virtually restricted to early embryos, embryonic stem cell... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Air or other gas dissolved in the fluid it can come out of solution as small bubbles (entrained air). If these small bubbles have sufficient buoyancy, they can rise to the surface and together form foam. Mechanical factors that may generate entrapped air:
* Leaky seals on pumps
* High pressure pumps
* Poor system desig... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Convergence of the Stokes expansion was first proved by for the case of small-amplitude waves – on the free surface of a fluid of infinite depth. This was extended shortly afterwards by for the case of finite depth and small-amplitude waves.
Near the end of the 20th century, it was shown that for finite-amplitude wav... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The idea of sequence quality scores can be traced back to the original description of the SCF file format by Staden's group in 1992. In 1995, Bonfield and Staden proposed a method to use base-specific quality scores to improve the accuracy of consensus sequences in DNA sequencing projects.
However, early attempts to d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Post-Irradiation Examination (PIE) is the study of used nuclear materials such as nuclear fuel. It has several purposes. It is known that by examination of used fuel that the failure modes which occur during normal use (and the manner in which the fuel will behave during an accident) can be studied. In addition informa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In SEC, mass is not measured so much as the hydrodynamic volume of the polymer molecules, that is, how much space a particular polymer molecule takes up when it is in solution. However, the approximate molecular weight can be calculated from SEC data because the exact relationship between molecular weight and hydrodyna... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Three successive generations of the same family all bearing the name Abraham Darby are renowned for their contributions to the development of the English iron industry. Their works at Coalbrookdale in Shropshire nurtured the start of improvements in metallurgy that allowed large-scale production of the iron that made t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plutonium normally has six allotropes and forms a seventh (zeta, ζ) under high temperature and a limited pressure range. to 19.86 g/cm. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While there are several configurations of SBRs, the basic process is similar. The installation consists of one or more tanks that can be operated as plug flow or completely mixed reactors. The tanks have a “flow through” system, with raw wastewater (influent) coming in at one end and treated water (effluent) flowing ou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Use of mass spectrometry as a second component of an operando experiment allows for optical spectra to be obtained before obtaining a mass spectrum of the analytes. Electrospray ionization allows a wider range of substances to be analysed than other ionization methods, due to its ability to ionize samples without therm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term quantum efficiency (QE) may apply to incident photon to converted electron (IPCE) ratio of a photosensitive device, or it may refer to the TMR effect of a magnetic tunnel junction.
This article deals with the term as a measurement of a devices electrical sensitivity to light. In a charge-coupled device (CCD) o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The third-generation of Glycoazodyes was first reported in 2015. These Glycoazodyes use an amido-ester linker. An amide group bonds the sugar to an n-alkane spacer, and the spacer is bonded to the dye through an ester group. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The side-chain of the nucleophilic residue performs covalent catalysis on the substrate. The lone pair of electrons present on the oxygen or sulfur attacks the electropositive carbonyl carbon. The 20 naturally occurring biological amino acids do not contain any sufficiently nucleophilic functional groups for many diffi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bio-available nitrogen occurs in the ocean in several forms, including simple ionic forms such as nitrate (NO), nitrite (NO) and ammonium (NH), and more complex organic forms such as urea ((NH)CO). These forms are used by autotrophic phytoplankton to synthesise organic molecules such as amino acids (the building block... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
FRET-based probes can detect the presence of various molecules: the probe's structure is affected by small molecule binding or activity, which can turn the FRET system on or off. This is often used to detect anions, cations, small uncharged molecules, and some larger biomacromolecules as well. Similarly, FRET systems h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Macromolecular crystallography was preceded by the older field of small-molecule x-ray crystallography (for structures with less than a few hundred atoms). Small-molecule diffraction data extends to much higher resolution than feasible for macromolecules, and has a very clean mathematical relationship between the data ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are two types of twinning that can occur during growth, accidental and ones where the twinned structure has lower energy.
In accidental growth twinning an atom joins a crystal face in a less than ideal position, forming a seed for growth of a twin. The original crystal and its twin then grow together and closely ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Industrial source waste can contain alpha, beta, neutron or gamma emitters. Gamma emitters are used in radiography while neutron emitting sources are used in a range of applications, such as oil well logging. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dimethylcalcium is obtained by metathesis reaction of calcium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide and methyllithium in diethyl ether:
A well known organocalcium compound is (Cp)calcium(I). Bis(allyl)calcium was described in 2009. It forms in a metathesis reaction of allylpotassium and calcium iodide as a stable non-pyrophoric off... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to Rangan, an Australian concrete expert, the growing worldwide demand for concrete is a great opportunity for the development of geopolymer cements of all types, with their much lower tally of carbon dioxide .
Geopolymer cements do not rely on calcium carbonate as a key ingredient, and generate much less th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several methods exist to rank electrophiles in order of reactivity and one of them is devised by Robert Parr with the electrophilicity index ω given as:
with the electronegativity and chemical hardness. This equation is related to the classical equation for electrical power:
where is the resistance (Ohm or Ω) and i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Accurately measuring V̇O max involves a physical effort sufficient in duration and intensity to fully tax the aerobic energy system. In general clinical and athletic testing, this usually involves a graded exercise test in which exercise intensity is progressively increased while measuring:
* ventilation and
* oxygen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1953, Paul Flory first classified polymerization as "step-growth polymerization" and "chain-growth polymerization". IUPAC recommends to further simplify "chain-growth polymerization" to "chain polymerization". It is a kind of polymerization where an active center (free radical or ion) is formed, and a plurality of m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Crystalline material may be divided into single crystals, twin crystals, polycrystals, and crystal powder. In a single crystal, the arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules is defined by a single crystal structure in one orientation. Twin crystals, on the other hand, consist of single-crystalline twin domains, which ar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrastine is an isoquinoline alkaloid which was discovered in 1851 by Alfred P. Durand. Hydrolysis of hydrastine yields hydrastinine, which was patented by Bayer as a haemostatic drug during the 1910s. It is present in Hydrastis canadensis (thus the name) and other plants of the family Ranunculaceae. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, an acid dissociation constant (also known as acidity constant, or acid-ionization constant; denoted ) is a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution. It is the equilibrium constant for a chemical reaction
known as dissociation in the context of acid–base reactions. The chemical species H... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Light is what algae primarily need for growth as it is the most limiting factor. Many companies are investing for developing systems and technologies for providing artificial light. One of them is OriginOil that has developed a Helix BioReactorTM that features a rotating vertical shaft with low-energy lights arranged i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DNA nucleotides are held together with hydrogen bonds, which are relatively weak and can be easily broken. Base flipping occurs on a millisecond timescale by breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases and unstacking the base from its neighbors. The base is rotated out of the double helix by 180 degrees., typically via... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An increasingly popular method of cleaning windows is the "water-fed pole" system. Instead of washing windows with conventional detergent, they are scrubbed with purified water, typically containing less than 10 ppm dissolved solids, using a brush on the end of a pole wielded from ground level. RO is commonly used to p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kubista holds several positions and advisory roles within the scientific and biotechnology communities including: Roche, ThermoFisher, Qiagen, Bio-Rad, and RealSeq Biosciences. He is also a member of the Scientific Advisory Council of Genetic Engineering News.
Kubista has also been involved in the establishment of mode... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Boronic acid self-condensation or condensation with diols is a well-documented dynamic covalent reaction. The boronic acid condensation has the characteristic of forming two dynamic bonds with various substrates. This is advantageous when designing systems where high rigidity is desired, such as 3-D cages and COFs. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Introduction of too many siRNA can result in nonspecific events due to activation of innate immune responses. Most evidence to date suggests that this is probably due to activation of the dsRNA sensor PKR, although retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) may also be involved. The induction of cytokines via toll-like rec... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A protein mimetic is a molecule such as a peptide, a modified peptide or any other molecule that biologically mimics the action or activity of some other protein.
Protein mimetics are commonly used in drug design and discovery. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide is a lithiated organosilicon compound with the formula . It is commonly abbreviated as LiHMDS or Li(HMDS) (lithium hexamethyldisilazide - a reference to its conjugate acid HMDS) and is primarily used as a strong non-nucleophilic base and as a ligand. Like many lithium reagents, it has a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The atomic beam is formed through a supersonic expansion, which is a standard technique used in helium atom scattering. The centreline of the gas is selected by a skimmer to form an atom beam with a narrow velocity distribution. The gas is then further collimated by a pinhole to form a narrow beam, which is typically b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because water molecules absorb microwaves and other radio wave frequencies, water in the atmosphere attenuates radar signals. In addition, atmospheric water will reflect and refract signals to an extent that depends on whether it is vapor, liquid or solid.
Generally, radar signals lose strength progressively the farthe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Adverse respiratory health effects are associated with occupancy in buildings with moisture and mold damage. Infants may develop respiratory symptoms due to exposure to a specific type of fungal mold, called Penicillium. Signs that an infant may have mold-related respiratory problems include (but are not limited to) a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tang's research interests encompass photocatalytic/thermocatalytic small molecule activation (e.g. CH, N, HO, CH and CO) and microwave catalysis (e.g. plastic recycling), together with the investigation of the underlying charge dynamics and kinetics by state-of-the-art spectroscopies. According to Google Scholar, these... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the rate constants for the following reaction are and ; , then the rate equation is:
:For reactant A:
:For reactant B:
:For product C:
With the individual concentrations scaled by the total population of reactants to become probabilities, linear systems of differential equations such as these can be formulated a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Discovered in 1937 by Robin Hill, Hill reagents allowed the discovery of electron transport chains during photosynthesis.
These are dyes that act as artificial electron acceptors, changing color when they are reduced.
An example of a Hill reagent is 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This research, published in 2017, aimed to solve the solar neutrino and antineutrino flux for extremely low energies (keV range). Processes at these low energies consisted vital information that told researchers about the solar metallicity. Solar metallicity is the measure of elements present in the particle that are h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1980 Ferguson-Miller et al. at Michigan State developed n-dodecyl-β--maltopyranoside (DDM) as part of a successful effort to purify an active, stable, monodisperse form of cytochrome c oxidase. Maltosides have been used extensively to stabilize membrane proteins for biophysical and structural studies. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Protein chemical shift re-referencing is a post-assignment process of adjusting the assigned NMR chemical shifts to match IUPAC and BMRB recommended standards in protein chemical shift referencing. In NMR chemical shifts are normally referenced to an internal standard that is dissolved in the NMR sample. These intern... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Fukuyama synthesis (chiral (-), 2004) started from cyclic amine 1. Chirality was at some point introduced into this starting material by enzymatic resolution of one of the precursors. Acyloin 2 was formed by Rubottom oxidation and hydrolysis. Oxidative cleavage by lead acetate formed aldehyde 3, removal of the nosy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some metering pumps can be used for dispensing. A metering pump is designed to deliver a continuous rate of flow, however, a dispensing pump is designed to deliver a precise total amount. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The research on dnaA(Ts) mutants provided the first proof that the dnaA gene is autoregulated. DnaA protein is still produced at non-permissive temperatures where it is inactive, but in some mutants it can be made active again by returning to a temperature that is conducive to development. This reversible initiation ca... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to study its potential as a cancer therapy target, Globo H has been synthesized in the laboratory. One synthesis is achieved by first building two trisaccharides from their component sugars, and then linking them. The trisaccharides, with most of their functional groups protected to prevent side reactions, are... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The outer mitochondrial membrane, which encloses the entire organelle, is 60 to 75 angstroms (Å) thick. It has a protein-to-phospholipid ratio similar to that of the cell membrane (about 1:1 by weight). It contains large numbers of integral membrane proteins called porins. A major trafficking protein is the pore-formin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The releases of fission products and uranium from uranium dioxide (from spent BWR fuel, burnup was 65 GWd t) which was heated in a Knudsen cell has been repeated. Fuel was heated in the Knudsen cell both with and without preoxidation in oxygen at c 650 K. It was found even for the noble gases that a high temperature wa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In intense light, plants use various mechanisms to prevent damage to their photosystems. They are able to release some light energy as heat, but the excess light can also produce reactive oxygen species. While some of these can be detoxified by antioxidants, the remaining oxygen species will be detrimental to the photo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If it is the liver that cannot effectively transfer the indirect bilirubin into bilirubin glucuronide and further into bilirubin di-glucuronide, the consequence will be hyperbilirubinemia or intrahepatic (or hepatocellular) jaundice.
Moreover, the unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia arises in case the components of liver t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lignin is a highly crosslinked polymer that comprises the main structural material of higher plants. A hydrophobic material, it is derived from precursor monolignols. Heterogeneity arises from the diversity and degree of crosslinking between these lignols. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The carbonate pump is sometimes referred to as the “hard tissue” component of the biological pump. Some surface marine organisms, like coccolithophores, produce hard structures out of calcium carbonate, a form of particulate inorganic carbon, by fixing bicarbonate. This fixation of DIC is an important part of the ocean... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Potential flow does not include all the characteristics of flows that are encountered in the real world. Potential flow theory cannot be applied for viscous internal flows, except for flows between closely spaced plates. Richard Feynman considered potential flow to be so unphysical that the only fluid to obey the assu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In general, cis–trans stereoisomers contain double bonds or ring structures. In both cases the rotation of bonds is restricted or prevented. When the substituent groups are oriented in the same direction, the diastereomer is referred to as cis, whereas when the substituents are oriented in opposing directions, the dias... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Processive enzymes are proteins that catalyze consecutive reactions without releasing its substrate. An example of processive enzymes is RNA polymerase which binds to a DNA strand and repeatedly catalyzes nucleotide transfers, effectively synthesizing a corresponding RNA strand.
Nolte and coworkers developed an artific... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The method was first described by Cunningham & Jones in 1993 for the analysis of dynamic PET data obtained in the brain. It assumes that the tissue impulse response function (IRF) can be described as a combination of many exponentials. Since A tissue TAC can be expressed as a convolution of measured arterial input func... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
# Excitatory synapse: Enhances the probability of depolarization in postsynaptic neurons and the initiation of an action potential.
# Inhibitory Synapse: Diminishes the probability of depolarization in postsynaptic neurons and the initiation of an action potential.
An influx of Na+ driven by excitatory neurotransmitter... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Intracoronary Administration of Bone Marrow-Derived Progenitor Cells: an in vivo technique in which progenitor cells derived from bone marrow are administered into an infarct artery to differentiate into functional cardiac cells and recover contractile function after an acute, ST-elevation myocardial infarction, thus... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, hydroxamic acids are a class of organic compounds having a general formula bearing the functional group , where R and R' are typically organyl groups (e.g., alkyl or aryl) or hydrogen. They are amides () wherein the nitrogen atom has a hydroxyl () substituent. They are often used as metal chelato... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The advantages of supercritical fluid extraction (compared with liquid extraction) are that it is relatively rapid because of the low viscosities and high diffusivities associated with supercritical fluids. Alternative solvents to supercritical fluids may be poisonous, flammable or an environmental hazard to a much lar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When homebrewing grew in popularity during the economic depression that followed the Finnish banking crisis of the early 1990s, yeast strains known as "turbo yeast" ("turbohiiva", "pikahiiva") were introduced to the market. These yeast strains enable a very rapid fermentation to full cask strength, in some cases in as ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Paclitaxel total synthesis in organic chemistry is a major ongoing research effort in the total synthesis of paclitaxel (Taxol). This diterpenoid is an important drug in the treatment of cancer but, also expensive because the compound is harvested from a scarce resource, namely the Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia). Not o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bramwell was awarded the 2010 Holweck Prize of the British Institute of Physics and the Société Française de Physique (SFP) for "pioneering new concepts in the experimental and theoretical study of spin systems". He shared the 2012 Europhysics Prize of the European Physical Society Condensed Matter Division "for the p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hemoglobin consists of protein subunits (globin molecules), which are polypeptides, long folded chains of specific amino acids which determine the proteins chemical properties and function. The amino acid sequence of any polypeptide is translated from a segment of DNA, the corresponding gene. The amino acid sequence th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are many factors at play in even a basic melt spinning process. The quality and dimensions of the product are determined by how the machine is operated and configured. Consequently, there are many studies exploring the effects of variations in the melt spinner's configuration on specific alloys. For example, [htt... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lipid:In marine sediments, a stable lipid called IP25 (Ice Proxy with 25 carbon atoms), which is biosynthesized by sea-ice dwelling diatom, has been found to be generally related to spring sea-ice cover in the Arctic region, Thus this proxy could be used to reconstruct sea-ice coverage. A different biomarker, IPSO25 (I... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Respiratory tract infections (such as tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and lobar pneumonia) caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and S. pneumoniae (formerly D. pneumonia).
* Otitis media caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and staphylococci.
* Skin and skin structure infecti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term benzannulated compounds refers to derivatives of cyclic compounds (usually aromatic) which are fused to a benzene ring. Examples are listed in the table below:
In contemporary chemical literature, the term benzannulation also means "construction of benzene rings from acyclic precursors". | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In metals and minerals, grains are ordered structures in different crystal orientations. Subgrains are defined as grains that are oriented at a < 10–15 degree angle at the grain boundary, making it a low-angle grain boundary (LAGB). Due to the relationship between the energy versus the number of dislocations at the gra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For deriving the analytical solution of this non-stationary flow velocity profile, the following assumptions are taken:
* Fluid is homogeneous, incompressible and Newtonian;
* Tube wall is rigid and circular;
* Motion is laminar, axisymmetric and parallel to the tube's axis;
* Boundary conditions are: axisymmetry at th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cell cultures of Berberis beaniana (B. beaniana), which in this certain experiment are taken as an example, were harvested 10–12 days, contained large amounts of proto-berberines, mainly jatrorrhizine. These quaternary alkaloids have a strong inhibitory effect on the BBE, so they had to be removed. In order to eliminat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The discoveries of the 118 chemical elements known to exist as of 2024 are presented here in chronological order. The elements are listed generally in the order in which each was first defined as the pure element, as the exact date of discovery of most elements cannot be accurately determined. There are plans to synthe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ribosomal frameshifting, also known as translational frameshifting or translational recoding, is a biological phenomenon that occurs during translation that results in the production of multiple, unique proteins from a single mRNA. The process can be programmed by the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA and is sometimes af... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Professor Abiodun Adewale Oladipo (born January 1, 1958, Ile-Ife, Nigeria) is a Nigerian academician, administrator, and politician. His Contribution includes, the field of nuclear chemistry, as well as his involvement in Nigerian politics. He serves as the [https://www.uniosun.edu.ng/index.php/admin-management/the-pro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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