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Iodine-131 is used for unsealed source radiotherapy in nuclear medicine to treat several conditions. It can also be detected by gamma cameras for diagnostic imaging, however it is rarely administered for diagnostic purposes only, imaging will normally be done following a therapeutic dose. Use of the I as iodide salt ex... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Deposits are formed from either calcite or aragonite. Precipitation is brought about by degassing of CO, which decreases the solubility of calcite/aragonite. (See tufa/geochemistry) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrazines and hydroxylamines displace carbonyl oxygens much more readily than amines. Their equilibria strongly favor the dehydrated product, and the carbonyl is recovered only with difficulty. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The synthesis of polycatenanes is considered a very challenging task. The formation of poly-[2]-catenanes can be achieved by polymerization of functionalized [2]-catenanes. Also the synthesis of [3]-catenanes, [5]-catenanes, [6]-catenanes and [7]-catenanes is reported in many articles. The synthesis of poly-[n]-catenan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Algae grow much faster than food crops, and can produce hundreds of times more oil per unit area than conventional crops such as rapeseed, palms, soybeans, or jatropha. As algae have a harvesting cycle of 1–10 days, their cultivation permits several harvests in a very short time-frame, a strategy differing from that as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate occurs as a reactant in the biosynthesis pathway of thiamine (Vitamin B), another substance that cannot be produced by the human body. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carnivory in plants has evolved at least six times independently, some examples include the Venus flytrap, pitcher plant, and butterwort. Although many outside of the scientific community usually believe these plants excel in defenses, many of these plants have evolved in poor nutrient soil. In order to get sufficient ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ECPM participated to many different networks in order to communicate with factories, institutions or students.
That different networks are :
-The Gay-Lussac federation: The federation was found by Louis Joseph Gay Lussac. It regroups no more than 20 schools of chemistry and chemical engineering. These 20 schools,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There is an intimate connection of quantum thermodynamics with the theory of open quantum systems.
Quantum mechanics inserts dynamics into thermodynamics, giving a sound foundation to finite-time-thermodynamics.
The main assumption is that the entire world is a large closed system, and therefore, time evolution
is gove... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One mechanism proposed for the oxidation of adsorbed organics from solution is the production of hydroxyl radical by the valence holes migrating to the surface and reacting with adsorbed hydroxyl groups, resulting in a very strong oxidizing radical. Identification of hydroxylated oxidation intermediates and hydroxyl ra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the reaction between hydrogen and fluorine, hydrogen is being oxidized and fluorine is being reduced:
This reaction is spontaneous and releases 542 kJ per 2 g of hydrogen because the H-F bond is much stronger than the F-F bond. This reaction can be analyzed as two half-reactions. The oxidation reaction converts hydr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Chemical synthesis
* Enzyme-mediated exchange
* Recombinant protein expression in isotopic labeled media. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One may consider a system contained in a very tall adiabatically isolating vessel with rigid walls initially containing a thermally heterogeneous distribution of material, left for a long time under the influence of a steady gravitational field, along its tall dimension, due to an outside body such as the earth. It wil... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A flange can also be a plate or ring to form a rim at the end of a pipe when fastened to the pipe (for example, a closet flange). A blind flange is a plate for covering or closing the end of a pipe. A flange joint is a connection of pipes, where the connecting pieces have flanges by which the parts are bolted together.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, a chemical trap is a chemical compound that is used to detect unstable compounds. The method relies on efficiency of bimolecular reactions with reagents to produce a more easily characterize trapped product. In some cases, the trapping agent is used in large excess. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Shihwa Bay is a costal resevior created in 1994 to supply surrounding agricultural lands with water, and act as a run-off lake for nearby industrial plants. The Bay was made without much enviornmental consideration, and by 1999, water quality had a significant drop. This drop in water quality is attributed to the bay n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There was no fundamental change in the technology of iron production in Europe for many centuries. European metal workers continued to produce iron in bloomeries. However, the Medieval period brought two developments—the use of water power in the bloomery process in various places (outlined above), and the first Europ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While the term pewter covers a range of tin-based alloys, the term English pewter has come to represent a strictly-controlled alloy, specified by BSEN611-1 and British Standard 5140, consisting mainly of tin (ideally 92%), with the balance made up of antimony and copper. Significantly, it is free of lead and nickel. A... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In an ideal continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), the flow at the inlet is completely and instantly mixed into the bulk of the reactor. The reactor and the outlet fluid have identical, homogeneous compositions at all times. The residence time distribution is exponential:
Where; the mean is T and the variance is 1. A ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following list provides information and external links to various programs and databases for inverted repeats:
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131113054733/http://nonb.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/apps/site/default non-B DB] A Database for Integrated Annotations and Analysis of non-B DNA Forming Motifs. This database is provi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The binding of CTCF has been shown to have many effects, which are enumerated below. In each case, it is unknown if CTCF directly evokes the outcome or if it does so indirectly (in particular through its looping role). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A plastid is a membrane-bound organelle found in plants, algae and other eukaryotic organisms that contribute to the production of pigment molecules. Most plastids are photosynthetic, thus leading to color production and energy storage or production. There are many types of plastids in plants alone, but all plastids ca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The magmas that produce ultrapotassic rocks are produced by a variety of mechanisms and from a variety of sources, but generally occur in a heterogenous, anomalous, phlogopite-bearing upper mantle.
The following conditions are favorable for the formation of ultrapotassic magmas.
* partial melting at a great depth
* low... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some radioisotopes occur in nature with a half-life of less than 7 years (carbon-14: 5,730 ± 40 years, tritium: 12.32 years etc.). They are synthesised all the time by cosmic radiation. A practical use is radiocarbon dating with carbon-14. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
"Thus, we have the ability to do away with oil (and other fossil fuels) but it will take 4–6 years and ca. $100–200M to build the full-scale plant and demonstrate it."
"Somebody will build it; and when it's built, it will work; and when it works people will begin to use it, and it will begin to displace all other forms... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Macromolecular Crystallographic Information File (mmCIF) also known as PDBx/mmCIF is a standard text file format for representing macromolecular structure data, developed by the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) and the Protein Data Bank It is an extension of the Crystallographic Information File (CIF),... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phosphorylated amino acids are crucial for the modulation of the binding of transcription factors and other gene regulatory proteins. Pin1s effect on isomerization of proline residues leads to an increase or decrease in recruitment of phosphatases, namely Scp1 and Ssu72 and their recruitment to the RNAP II CTD. The cis... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Depurination is caused by hydrolysis and results in loss if the purine base of a nucleic acid. DNA is more prone to this, as the transition state in the depurination reaction has much greater energy in RNA.
* Tautomerization is a chemical reaction that is primarily relevant in the behavior of amino acids and nucleic ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
N-tert-Butylbenzenesulfinimidoyl chloride is a useful oxidant for organic synthesis reactions. It is a good electrophile, and the sulfimide S=N bond can be attacked by nucleophiles, such as alkoxides, enolates, and amide ions. The nitrogen atom in the resulting intermediate is basic, and can abstract an α-hydrogen to c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Crick, Brenner et al. experiment (1961) was a scientific experiment performed by Francis Crick, Sydney Brenner, Leslie Barnett and R.J. Watts-Tobin.
It was a key experiment in the development of what is now known as molecular biology and led to a publication entitled "The General Nature of the Genetic Code for Prot... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reaction centers are present in all green plants, algae, and many bacteria. A variety in light-harvesting complexes exist across the photosynthetic species. Green plants and algae have two different types of reaction centers that are part of larger supercomplexes known as P700 in Photosystem I and P680 in Photosystem I... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
: M–R + M–X → M–X + M–R.
In redox-transmetalation/ligand exchange the ligands of two metal complexes switch places with each other, bonding with the other metal center. The R ligand can be an alkyl, aryl, alkynyl, or allyl group and the X ligand can be a halogen, pseudo-halogen, alkyl, or aryl group. The reaction can p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to M–M single bonds, metal pairs can be linked by double, triple, quadruple, and in a few cases, quintuple bonds. Isolable complexes with multiple bonds are most common among the transition metals in the middle of the d-block, such as rhenium, tungsten, technetium, molybdenum and chromium. Typical the colig... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One case study monitored the dehydrogenation of propane to propene using micro-GC. Reproducibility for the experiment was high. The study found that the catalyst (Cr/AlO) activity increased to a sustained maximum of 10% after 28 minutes — an industrially useful insight into the working stability of a catalyst. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Each nerve is composed of a bundle of axons. Each axon is surrounded by the endoneurium connective tissue layer. These axons are bundled into fascicles surrounded by the perineurium connective tissue layer. Multiple fascicles are then surrounded by the epineurium, which is the outermost connective tissue layer of the n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thomas James Marrow (born 23 November 1966) is a British scientist who is a professor of nuclear materials at the University of Oxford and holds the James Martin Chair in Energy Materials. He specialises in physical metallurgy, micromechanics, and X-ray crystallography of engineering materials, mainly ceramic matrix co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Research into solar power for terrestrial applications became prominent with the U.S. National Science Foundation's Advanced Solar Energy Research and Development Division within the "Research Applied to National Needs" program, which ran from 1969 to 1977, and funded research on developing solar power for ground elect... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The complex analysis of the data measured with the TAS can be reduced to the solution of a linear problem:
d = Ri
given that it relates the measured data (d) with the feedings (i) from which the beta intensity distribution I can be obtained.
R is the response matrix of the detector (meaning the probability that a decay... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Chen-Kao test is performed by creating an acidic solution of the compound to be tested and adding dilute Copper (II) Sulfate and Sodium hydroxide solutions.<br />The procedure is as follows:
#Place small amount of material to be tested on a spot plate.
#Add 2 drops of reagent A
#Add 2 drops of reagent B
#Add 2 drop... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A large fraction of the I contained in spent fuel is released into the gas phase, when spent fuel is first chopped and then dissolved in boiling nitric acid during reprocessing. At least for civil reprocessing plants, special scrubbers are supposed to withhold 99.5% (or more) of the Iodine by adsorption, before exhaust... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the U.S., standard methods have been established by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and another by U.S. OSHA. Each method uses a single component solvent; butanol and hexane cannot be sampled, however, on the same sample matrix using the NIOSH or OSHA method.
VOCs are quantified and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cataracts are the primary cause of blindness in humans and mutations in one particular protein, γD-crystallin, have been linked to a number of congenital forms of this disease. An amino acid mutation, proline (P) to threonine (T) at position 23 of the polypeptide chain has been linked to at least four different forms ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A clinical trial produces data that could reveal quantitative differences between two or more interventions; statistical analyses are used to determine whether such differences are true, result from chance, or are the same as no treatment (placebo). Data from a clinical trial accumulate gradually over the trial duratio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A final component is an optional epoxy primer. Primers for heat-shrinkable sleeves work in the same manner as an FBE primer does when it is specified on 3-layer polyolefin pipeline coatings and is typically applied between 150 μm and 300 μm thick. Usually, the primer of heat shrinkable sleeve is two components non-sol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The sensitivity of NMR signal detection depends on the gyromagnetic ratio (γ) of the nucleus. In general, the signal intensity produced from a nucleus with a gyromagnetic ratio of γ is proportional to γ because the magnetic moment, the Boltzmann populations, and the nuclear precession frequency all increase in proport... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
tert-butyllithium is a pyrophoric substance, meaning that it spontaneously ignites on exposure to air. Air-free techniques are important so as to prevent this compound from reacting violently with oxygen and moisture:
:t-BuLi + O → t-BuOOLi
:t-BuLi + HO → t-BuH + LiOH
The solvents used in common commercial preparations... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In metallurgy, solid solution strengthening is a type of alloying that can be used to improve the strength of a pure metal. The technique works by adding atoms of one element (the alloying element) to the crystalline lattice of another element (the base metal), forming a solid solution. The local nonuniformity in the l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The molecular organization of the nodes corresponds to their specialized function in impulse propagation. The level of sodium channels in the node versus the internode suggests that the number IMPs corresponds to sodium channels. Potassium channels are essentially absent in the nodal axolemma, whereas they are highly... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This type of BCA assay includes a proprietary thiol covalent blocking "Compatibility Reagent" aka a Reducing Agent Compatibility Agent (RACA). Although this allows greater compatibility with reducing agents, the assay has a different interference profile from other non-protein components. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In Gaunts and Yus works, some derivatives of drug molecules and biologically active compounds were successfully functionalized in their meta-position. For instance, meta-arylated derivatives of anti-inflammatory drugs (S)-ibruprofen and (S)-naproxen were synthesized with copper catalyzed C–H arylation. Meta-olefinated ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As metals only exist in solution as coordination complexes, it follows then that this class of compounds is useful in a wide variety of ways. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Recent studies focus on the integration of nanofluidic devices into microsystems. An interface should be created for the connection between two length-scales. A system with solely nanofluidic devices standalone is impractical because it would requires a large driving pressure to make fluids flow into the nano-channel.
... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acylsilanes can be synthesized by treating acyl anion equivalents with silyl halides (typically trimethylsilyl chloride, tmsCl). Silylation of 2-lithio-1,3-dithiane, followed by hydrolysis of the dithioacetal group with mercury(II) chloride. Analogous methods has also been used to produce acylgermanes.
Several approch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrogen lowers tensile ductility in many materials. In ductile materials, like austenitic stainless steels and aluminium alloys, no marked embrittlement may occur, but may exhibit significant lowering in tensile ductility (% elongation or % reduction in area) in tensile tests. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are a very large number of petrochemicals produced from the BTX aromatics. The following diagram shows the chains leading from the BTX components to some of the petrochemicals that can be produced from those components: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Under ideal conditions, implants should initiate the desired host response. Ideally, the implant should not cause any undesired reaction from neighboring or distant tissues. However, the interaction between the implant and the tissue surrounding the implant can lead to complications. The process of implantation of medi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is a technique used to characterize the surface of crystalline materials. RHEED systems gather information only from the surface layer of the sample, which distinguishes RHEED from other materials characterization methods that also rely on diffraction of high-energy e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The properties are similar to those of rock-based geopolymer cement but involve geological elements with high iron oxide content. The geopolymeric make up is of the type (Ca,K)-(Fe-O)-(Si-O-Al-O). This user-friendly geopolymer cement is in the development and commercialization phase. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Josef Fried was born in the town of Przemyśl, Poland, on July 21, 1914.
Fried received his Ph.D. in organic chemistry from Columbia University in 1940.
Fried joined the Squibb Institute in 1944 as a head of its antibiotics and steroids department. He was later promoted to director of the organic chemistry section in 1... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Soil pH affects the availability of some plant nutrients:
As discussed above, aluminium toxicity has direct effects on plant growth; however, by limiting root growth, it also reduces the availability of plant nutrients. Because roots are damaged, nutrient uptake is reduced, and deficiencies of the macronutrients (nitro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term "autoinduction" was first coined in 1970, when it was observed that the bioluminescent marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri produced a luminescent enzyme (luciferase) only when cultures had reached a threshold population density. At low cell concentrations, V. fischeri did not express the luciferase gene. However... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
BREEAM is used in more than 70 countries, with several in Europe having gone a stage further to develop country-specific BREEAM schemes operated by National Scheme Operators (NSOs). There are currently NSOs affiliated to BREEAM in:
* Netherlands: the Dutch Green Building Council operates BREEAM NL
* Spain: the Institut... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The property of photoconversion in Kaede is contributed by the tripeptide, His-Tyr-Gly, that acts as a green chromophore that can be converted to red. Once Kaede is synthesized, a chromophore, 4-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-imidazolinone, derived from the tripeptide mediates green fluorescence in Kaede. When exposed to UV,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Warburg diffusion element () is a constant phase element (CPE), with a constant phase of 45° (phase independent of frequency) and with a magnitude inversely proportional to the square root of the frequency by:
where
* is the Warburg coefficient (or Warburg constant);
* is the imaginary unit;
* is the angular freq... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Partial agonists are defined as drugs that, at a given receptor, might differ in the amplitude of the functional response that they elicit after maximal receptor occupancy. Although they are agonists, partial agonists can act as a competitive antagonist in the presence of a full agonist, as it competes with the full ag... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Glucose is an energy source in most life forms. For instance, polysaccharides are broken down into their monomers by enzymes (glycogen phosphorylase removes glucose residues from glycogen, a polysaccharide). Disaccharides like lactose or sucrose are cleaved into their two component monosaccharides. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Base degradation of ortho carborane gives the anionic 11-vertex derivative, precursor to dicarbollide complexes:
:CBH + NaOEt + 2 EtOH → NaCBH + H + B(OEt)
:NaCBH + NaH → NaCBH + H
Dicarbollides (CBH) function as ligands for transition metals and f-elements. The dianion forms sandwich compounds, bis(dic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Radical cyclization reactions produce mono- or polycyclic products through the action of radical intermediates. Because they are intramolecular transformations, they are often very rapid and selective. Selective radical generation can be achieved at carbons bound to a variety of functional groups, and reagents used to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bacteriorhodopsin (Bop) is a protein used by Archaea, most notably by haloarchaea, a class of the Euryarchaeota. It acts as a proton pump; that is, it captures light energy and uses it to move protons across the membrane out of the cell. The resulting proton gradient is subsequently converted into chemical energy. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferases commonly catalyze the addition of ADP-ribose to arginine side chains using a highly conserved R-S-EXE motif of the enzyme. The reaction proceeds by breaking the bond between nicotinamide and ribose to form an oxonium ion. Next, the arginine side chain of the target protein then acts a nucl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alpha-oxidation of phytanic acid is believed to take place entirely within peroxisomes.
#Phytanic acid is first attached to CoA to form phytanoyl-CoA.
#Phytanoyl-CoA is oxidized by phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, in a process using Fe and O, to yield 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA.
#2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA is cleaved by 2-hydroxyph... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many natural products have very complex structures. The perceived complexity of a natural product is a qualitative matter, consisting of consideration of its molecular mass, the particular arrangements of substructures (functional groups, rings etc.) with respect to one another, the number and density of those function... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Worldwide: alcohol (beer, wine), vinegar, olives, yogurt, bread, cheese
* Asia
** East and Southeast Asia: amazake, atchara, belacan, burong mangga, com ruou, doenjang, douchi, fish sauce, lah pet, lambanog, kimchi, kombucha, leppet-so, narezushi, miso, nata de coco, nattō, ngapi, oncom, padaek, pla ra, prahok, ruou ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dehydrogenation of amine-boranes is thermodynamically favourable, making the process attractive for hydrogen storage systems. Ammonia borane has attracted particular interest due to its high weight percent of hydrogen (19.6%). Dehydrogenation occurs in three steps, creating polyamino-boranes and borazines as insoluble ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Any compound with a log Kow of less than or equal to 3 can concentrate in a POCIS sampler. Applicable classes of contaminants measured by POCIS are pharmaceuticals, household and industrial products, hormones, herbicides, and polar pesticides (Table 1). Currently, there are two POCIS configurations that are targeted fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In his 1803 publication about the quantity of gases absorbed by water, William Henry described the results of his experiments:
Charles Coulston Gillispie states that John Dalton "supposed that the separation of gas particles one from another in the vapor phase bears the ratio of a small whole number to their interatomi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In coordination chemistry and crystallography, the geometry index or structural parameter () is a number ranging from 0 to 1 that indicates what the geometry of the coordination center is. The first such parameter for 5-coordinate compounds was developed in 1984. Later, parameters for 4-coordinate compounds were develo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Derived from “the addition of a hydrophilic heterocyclic group to the α-amino group of ampicillin”, the structure consists of a thiazolidine ring conjoined to a β-lactam ring contained within several ring compounds. The addition of this substituent increases the compounds affinity to penicillin-binding protein PBP-3, i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reversed phase SPE separates analytes based on their polarity. The stationary phase of a reversed phase SPE cartridge is derivatized with hydrocarbon chains, which retain compounds of mid to low polarity due to the hydrophobic effect. The analyte can be eluted by washing the cartridge with a non-polar solvent, which di... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are several ways of measuring fluxes, however all of these are indirect. Due to this, these methods make one key assumption which is that all fluxes into a given intracellular metabolite pool balance all the fluxes out of the pool.
This assumption means that for a given metabolic network the balances around each ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One disadvantage of alkaline water electrolyzers is the low-performance profiles caused by the commonly-used thick diaphragms that increase ohmic resistance, the lower intrinsic conductivity of OH− compared to H+, and the higher gas crossover observed for highly porous diaphragms. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The characteristics capable of supporting Type 1 pits were determined empirically by Lucey after examining the compositions of waters in which the pitting behaviour was known. They should be cold, less than 30°C, hard or moderately hard, 170 to 300 mg/L carbonate hardness, and organically pure. Organically pure waters ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To find the shape of the minimal surface bounded by some arbitrary shaped frame using strictly mathematical means can be a daunting task. Yet by fashioning the frame out of wire and dipping it in soap-solution, a locally minimal surface will appear in the resulting soap-film within seconds.
The reason for this is that ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first representative of the TAP family was prepared by Kobayashi and co-workers, using high-temperature template condensation method, which resembles the classical procedures of phthalocyanine synthesis. Melting of anthracene-2,3-
dicarboxyimide with sodium biphenylacetate in the presence of zinc acetate resulted i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Combined gas law or General Gas Equation is obtained by combining Boyles Law, Charless law, and Gay-Lussac's Law. It shows the relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature for a fixed mass of gas:
This can also be written as:
With the addition of Avogadro's law, the combined gas law develops into the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Radionuclides are present in many homes as they are used inside the most common household smoke detectors. The radionuclide used is americium-241, which is created by bombarding plutonium with neutrons in a nuclear reactor. It decays by emitting alpha particles and gamma radiation to become neptunium-237. Smoke detecto... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Schuster married his wife Carlotta, a psychiatrist, in 1962. He is a lifelong classical music enthusiast and serious pianist. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Much of the work of installing a piping or plumbing system involves making leakproof, reliable connections, and most piping requires mechanical support against gravity and other forces (such as wind loads and earthquakes) which might disrupt an installation. Depending on the connection technology and application, basic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics and elasticity, hydroelasticity or flexible fluid-structure interaction (FSI), is a branch of science which is concerned with the motion of deformable bodies through liquids. The theory of hydroelasticity has been adapted from aeroelasticity, to describe the effect of structural response of the body o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The wet chemical synthesis of thiolate-protected gold clusters is achieved by the reduction of gold(III) salt solutions, using a mild reducing agent in the presence of thiol compounds. This method starts with gold ions and synthesizes larger particles from them, therefore this type of synthesis can be regarded as a "bo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, the term supramolecular chirality is used to describe supramolecular assemblies that are non-superposable on their mirror images.
Chirality in supramolecular chemistry implies the non-symmetric arrangement of molecular components in a non-covalent assembly. Chirality may arise in a supramolecular system ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ECL proved to be very useful in analytical applications as a highly sensitive and selective method. It combines analytical advantages of chemiluminescent analysis (absence of background optical signal) with ease of reaction control by applying electrode potential. As an analytical technique it presents outstanding adva... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Besides being participants in a clinical trial, members of the public can be actively collaborate with researchers in designing and conducting clinical research. This is known as patient and public involvement (PPI). Public involvement involves a working partnership between patients, caregivers, people with lived exper... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Tremolite Asbestos Registry contains people who lived in or worked in Libby, Montana, while vermiculite was mined there; these people were at risk for exposure to the tremolite asbestos that was naturally occurring in the vermiculite. ATSDR began addressing public health concerns in Libby in 1999 and created the re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Two atoms can be bonded by sharing more than one pair of electrons. The common bonds to carbon are single, double and triple bonds. Single bonds are most common and are represented by a single, solid line between two atoms in a skeletal formula. Double bonds are denoted by two parallel lines, and triple bonds are shown... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The determination of enantiomeric purity and absolute configuration is frequently necessary in organic synthesis. Pirkles alcohol is applied to obtain this information by NMR spectroscopy. When Pirkles alcohol is in solution with an ensemble of chiral molecules, short-lived diastereomeric solvates may be formed from Pi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to Reetz, the Cram-chelate model for 1,2-inductions can be extended to predict the chelated complex of a β-alkoxy aldehyde and metal. The nucleophile is seen to attack from the less sterically hindered side and anti- to the substituent R, leading to the anti-adduct as the major product.
To make such chelates... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The N-terminus for Caldoramide is N,N-dimethylvaline which is attached to a valine which is attached to an N-Me-valine connected to an N-Me-isoleucine which is attached to the C-terminus. The molecule can also be written as N,N-diMe-Val-Val-N-Me-Val-N-Me-Ile-3-O-Me-4-benzylpyrrolinone. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Small-angle laser light scattering has provided information about spatial density fluctuations or the shape of growing crystal grains. In addition, confocal laser scanning microscopy has been used to observe crystal growth near a glass surface. Electro-optic shear waves have been induced by an ac pulse, and monitored b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Perstraction is a membrane extraction process, where two liquid phases are contacted across a membrane. The desired species in the feed (solute), selectively crosses the membrane into the extracting solution. Perstraction was originally developed to overcome the downsides of liquid–liquid extraction, for example extrac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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