gowitheflow/parallel-talks-deduplicated · Datasets at Hugging Face

english stringlengths 2 3.06k	non_english stringlengths 1 2.84k	language stringclasses 52 values
Because it's neither rare nor well done.	Çünkü iyi de değildir kötü de değildir.	en-tr
But to be completely honest with you, I kind of love television.	Vou ser muito franco, adoro televisão.	en-pt
Any of you like television? Audience: Yes.	A algú li agrada la televisió?	en-ca
Data: I find it incredibly educational.	(Público: Sim). Acho que é extremamente educativa.	en-pt-br
Actually, as soon as someone turns it on, I go into the other room and read.	Sebenarnya, segera setelah seseorang menyalakannya, saya pergi ke ruangan lain dan membaca.	en-id
(Laughter) That's all for now.	(Kahkahalar) Şimdilik bu kadar.	en-tr
Was that okay for my first time?	Acham que correu bem apesar de ser a minha primeira vez?	en-pt
(Applause) You've been a great audience.	(Аплодисменти) Ви чудова аудиторія.	en-uk
HK: Yay.	HK: Hurrá!	en-hu
(Applause) So this is actually the first time we've ever done live audience feedback to a performance.	(Aplaudiment) Aquesta és de fet la primera vegada que hem recollit la reacció de públic en directe en una actuació.	en-ca
So thank you all for being a part of it.	谢谢你们能参与我们的表演。	en-zh-cn
There's a lot more to come.	이루어질 것이 더 많이 있습니다.	en-ko
And we hope to learn a lot about robot expression.	Temos muito a aprender sobre a maneira de os robôs se exprimirem.	en-pt
The world is changing with really remarkable speed.	Светът се променя с наистина забележителна скорост.	en-bg
If you look at the chart at the top here, you'll see that in 2025, these Goldman Sachs projections suggest that the Chinese economy will be almost the same size as the American economy.	Ako pogledate na gornji dio grafikona, vidjet ćete da za 2025. godinu, prognoze Goldman Sachsa predviđaju da će kinesko gospodarstvo gotovo dostići veličinu američkog gospodarstva.	en-hr
And if you look at the chart for 2050, it's projected that the Chinese economy will be twice the size of the American economy, and the Indian economy will be almost the same size as the American economy.	Pokud se podíváte na graf pro rok 2050, tak se odhaduje, že čínská ekonomika bude ve srovnání s americkou ekonomikou dvojnásobná, a že indická ekonomika bude téměř stejně velká jak americká ekonomika.	en-cs
And we should bear in mind here that these projections were drawn up before the Western financial crisis.	Moramo ovdje voditi računa o tome da su ove prognoze nastale prije zapadne financijske krize.	en-hr
A couple of weeks ago, I was looking at the latest projection by BNP Paribas for when China will have a larger economy than the United States.	Een paar weken geleden keek ik naar de nieuwste prognose door BNP Paribas over wanneer China een grotere economie zal hebben dan de Verenigde Staten.	en-nl
Goldman Sachs projected 2027.	Goldman Sachs odhadoval, že v roce 2027.	en-cs
The post-crisis projection is 2020.	Kriisinjälkeinen ennuste on 2020.	en-fi
That's just a decade away.	To je samo desetljeće od danas.	en-hr
China is going to change the world in two fundamental respects.	中国が世界を変え特に２つの事が大きく変わるでしょう	en-ja
First of all, it's a huge developing country with a population of 1.3 billion people, which has been growing for over 30 years at around 10 percent a year.	Esiteks on see hiigelsuur arenguriik rahvastikuga 1,3 miljardit inimest, mis on kasvanud rohkem kui 30 aasta jooksul 10% võrra aastas.	en-et
And within a decade, it will have the largest economy in the world.	これから10年の間に中国の経済は世界一の規模になるのです	en-ja
Never before in the modern era has the largest economy in the world been that of a developing country, rather than a developed country.	Niciodată pâna acum, în era modernă economia cea mai mare din lume nu a fost cea a unei ţări în dezvoltare, ci economia unei ţări deja dezvoltate.	en-ro
Secondly, for the first time in the modern era, the dominant country in the world -- which I think is what China will become -- will be not from the West and from very, very different civilizational roots.	والامر الثاني هو انه لاول مرة في التاريخ الحديث سوف تكون الدولة المسيطرة على العالم والتي اظن انها الصين هي دولة تقع في الشرق .. لا في الغرب وهي دولة ذات جذور حضارية مختلفة جدا جدا	en-ar
Now, I know it's a widespread assumption in the West that as countries modernize, they also westernize.	Na most tudom, hogy a Nyugaton nagyon elterjedt nézet az, hogy miközben az országok modernizálódnak, ezzel együtt a nyugati kultúrát is átveszik.	en-hu
This is an illusion.	זאת היא אשליה.	en-he
It's an assumption that modernity is a product simply of competition, markets and technology.	Người ta giả định rằng hiện đại hóa là một sản phẩm gian đơn của cạnh trạnh, thị trường và công nghệ.	en-vi
It is not. It is also shaped equally by history and culture.	این طور نیست. به همان اندازه، تاریخ و فرهنگ هم در شکل دادن آن نقش دارند.	en-fa
China is not like the West, and it will not become like the West.	中國和西方國家不同，而且中國也不會變成像西方國家一樣，	en-zh-tw
It will remain in very fundamental respects very different.	Θα παραμείνει σε πολύ θεμελιώδεις απόψεις πολυ διαφορετική.	en-el
Now the big question here is obviously, how do we make sense of China?	Tani pikëpyetja qëndron në atë se si mund ta kuptojmë Kinën.	en-sq
How do we try to understand what China is?	Wie können wir versuchen zu verstehen, was China ist?	en-de
And the problem we have in the West at the moment, by and large, is that the conventional approach is that we understand it really in Western terms, using Western ideas.	Batı'da sahip olduğumuz problem tam da bu aslında, bu geleneksel yaklaşım, Çin'i Batılı fikirler kullanarak, Batılı bakış açısıyla anlamaya çalışmak.	en-tr
We can't.	No podem. Per contra, el cervell ha evolucionat per veure el món	en-ca
Now I want to offer you three building blocks for trying to understand what China is like, just as a beginning.	Agora quero lhes oferecer três fundamentos chaves para que tentemos entender como a China é -- como uma introdução.	en-pt-br
The first is this: that China is not really a nation-state.	بداية كل هذا ان الصين ليست " دولة قومية "	en-ar
Okay, it's called itself a nation-state for the last hundred years, but everyone who knows anything about China knows it's a lot older than this.	Bueno, se ha autodenominado estado-nación durante los últimos cien años. Pero cualquiera que conozca algo de China sabe que tiene mucha más historia que eso.	en-es
This was what China looked like with the victory of the Qin Dynasty in 221 B.C. at the end of the warring-state period -- the birth of modern China.	Такий вигляд Китай мав після перемоги династії Цінь в 221 році до н.е. в кінці Епохи Воюючих царств - народження Китаю.	en-uk
And you can see it against the boundaries of modern China.	你可以看到现代中国的边界线。	en-zh-cn
Or immediately afterward, the Han Dynasty, still 2,000 years ago.	או מיד לאחריה, שושלת האן, כל זה, לפני 2000 שנים.	en-he
And you can see already it occupies most of what we now know as Eastern China, which is where the vast majority of Chinese lived then and live now.	Og I kan se, det allerede dækker det meste af, hvad vi nu kender som det Østlige Kina, hvilket er, hvor det store fleral af kinesere boede dengang og bor nu.	en-da
Now what is extraordinary about this is, what gives China its sense of being China, what gives the Chinese the sense of what it is to be Chinese, comes not from the last hundred years, not from the nation-state period, which is what happened in the West, but from the period, if you like, of the civilization-state.	这点非同寻常的是，它赋予了中国做为中国的意义，也赋予了中国人成为他们中国人的意义，这不是从过去几百年，也不是从民族国家开始形成这种认识，这跟西方发展也不一样，而这一阶段，如果你喜欢，可以说是文明国家的阶段。	en-zh-cn
I'm thinking here, for example, of customs like ancestral worship, of a very distinctive notion of the state, likewise, a very distinctive notion of the family, social relationships like guanxi, Confucian values and so on.	Tarkoitan tällä esimerkiksi esi-isien palvontaa, hyvin erilaista valtiokäsitystä, sekä hyvin erilaista perhekäsitystä, sosiaalisia verkostoja kuten guanxi ja kungfutselaisia arvoja jne.	en-fi
These are all things that come from the period of the civilization-state.	Ezek mind olyan dolgok, amelyek a civilizáció-állam korából származnak.	en-hu
In other words, China, unlike the Western states and most countries in the world, is shaped by its sense of civilization, its existence as a civilization-state, rather than as a nation-state.	Por outras palavras, a China, ao contrário dos Estados ocidentais e da maioria dos países no mundo, é moldada pelo seu sentido de civilização, pela sua existência enquanto estado-civilização, e não enquanto Estado-Nação.	en-pt
And there's one other thing to add to this, and that is this: Of course we know China's big, huge, demographically and geographically, with a population of 1.3 billion people.	Buna eklenecek bir şey daha var, o da: Çin'in büyük, devasa olduğunu tabi ki biliyoruz, nüfusu ve coğrafyasıyla, 1.3 milyar nüfusuyla.	en-tr
What we often aren't really aware of is the fact that China is extremely diverse and very pluralistic, and in many ways very decentralized.	私たちがあまり気づいていないのは中国は非常に多様性があり多元的でもありそして多くの点でとても分散しています	en-ja
You can't run a place on this scale simply from Beijing, even though we think this to be the case.	Man kann ein Land von solcher Größe nicht einfach von Beijing aus steuern, auch wenn wir oft denken, dass das so ist.	en-de
It's never been the case.	Thì cũng không bao giờ có chuyện đó.	en-vi
So this is China, a civilization-state, rather than a nation-state.	でこれが民族国家というよりも文明国家の中国です	en-ja
And what does it mean?	Και τι σημαίνει αυτό;	en-el
Well, I think it has all sorts of profound implications.	Nos, úgy gondolom, hogy ennek mindenféle mélyreható következménye van.	en-hu
I'll give you two quick ones.	دو مورد از آنها را به طور خلاصه به شما می گویم.	en-fa
The first is that the most important political value for the Chinese is unity, is the maintenance of Chinese civilization.	Перший полягає в тому що найважливішою політичною цінністю для китайців є єдність, збереження китайської цивілізації.	en-uk
You know, 2,000 years ago, Europe: breakdown -- the fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire.	Знаєте, 2 тисячі років тому, Європа: розпад, поділ Римської Імперії.	en-uk
It divided, and it's remained divided ever since.	Es teilte sich, und es ist seitdem geteilt.	en-de
China, over the same time period, went in exactly the opposite direction, very painfully holding this huge civilization, civilization-state, together.	A China, ao longo desse mesmo período de tempo, foi para exatamente a direção oposta, muito dolorido manter essa imensa civilização, um estado-civilização unido.	en-pt-br
The second is maybe more prosaic, which is Hong Kong.	Die zweite ist vielleicht etwas nüchterner, und das ist Hong Kong.	en-de
Do you remember the handover of Hong Kong by Britain to China in 1997?	các bạn có nhớ sự trao trả Hong Kong của Anh với Trung Quốc năm 1997?	en-vi
You may remember what the Chinese constitutional proposition was.	Anda mungkin ingat apa tawaran konstitusional Cina saat itu.	en-id
One country, two systems.	O ţară, două sisteme.	en-ro
And I'll lay a wager that barely anyone in the West believed them.	I kladit ću se da je jedva bilo ikoga na Zapadu tko im je vjerovao.	en-hr
"Window dressing.	"Показуха	en-uk
When China gets its hands on Hong Kong, that won't be the case."	Kun Kiina saa otteen Hongkongista, todellisuus on toinen."	en-fi
Thirteen years on, the political and legal system in Hong Kong is as different now as it was in 1997.	13年後的今天香港的政治和法律制度還是如同1997年一樣，跟中國的不同。	en-zh-tw
We were wrong. Why were we wrong?	Pogriješili smo. Zašto smo pogriješili?	en-hr
We were wrong because we thought, naturally enough, in nation-state ways.	لاننا ظننا ان الامر سيجري بمنظورنا في مفهوم الدولة القومية	en-ar
Think of German unification, 1990.	1990년의 독일 통일을 생각해보세요.	en-ko
What happened?	І що сталось?	en-uk
Well, basically the East was swallowed by the West.	W skrócie - zachód wchłonął wschód.	en-pl
One nation, one system.	일국가 일체제였지요.	en-ko
That is the nation-state mentality.	Questa è la mentalità dello stato-nazione.	en-it
But you can't run a country like China, a civilization-state, on the basis of one civilization, one system.	De egy olyan országot, mint amilyen Kína, egy civilizáció államot, Nem lehet "egy civilizáció, egy rendszer" alapon kormányozni.	en-hu
It doesn't work.	Ça ne fonctionne pas.	en-fr-ca
So actually the response of China to the question of Hong Kong -- as it will be to the question of Taiwan -- was a natural response: one civilization, many systems.	כך שלמעשה תגובתה של סין לגבי סוגיית הונג-קונג כפי שתהיה לסוגיית טאיוואן הייתה תגובה טבעית: ציוויליזציה אחת, הרבה מערכות שלטוניות.	en-he
Let me offer you another building block to try and understand China -- maybe not sort of a comfortable one.	Dopustite da ponudim i drugi građevni blok u pokušaju da razumijemo Kinu -- možda ne tako ugodan.	en-hr
The Chinese have a very, very different conception of race to most other countries.	中国与其他大多数国家对民族的概念有非常，非常不同的理解。	en-zh-cn
Do you know, of the 1.3 billion Chinese, over 90 percent of them think they belong to the same race, the Han?	Ved I, at af de 1,3 milliarder kinesere mener over 90 procent af dem, at de tilhører den samme race, han-kineserne.	en-da
Now, this is completely different from the world's [other] most populous countries.	인구가 많은 다른 나라들과 굉장히 다릅니다.	en-ko
India, the United States, Indonesia, Brazil -- all of them are multiracial.	Η Ινδία, οι Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες, η Ινδονησία, η Βραζιλία-- όλες τους είναι πολυφυλετικές.	en-el
The Chinese don't feel like that.	چینی ها این احساس را ندارند.	en-fa
China is only multiracial really at the margins.	ان الصين متعددة الاعراق في الاطراف المتناحية منها فحسب (الهوامش)	en-ar
So the question is, why?	والسؤال هو .. لماذا ؟	en-ar
Well the reason, I think, essentially is, again, back to the civilization-state.	私が思うに結局は文明国家が理由なのです	en-ja
A history of at least 2,000 years, a history of conquest, occupation, absorption, assimilation and so on, led to the process by which, over time, this notion of the Han emerged -- of course, nurtured by a growing and very powerful sense of cultural identity.	Una storia di almeno 2.000 anni, una storia di conquista, occupazione, assorbimenti, assimilazioni e così via, a portato al processo con cui, nel tempo, questa concezione degli Han è emersa -- naturalmente, nutrita da un crescente e potente senso di identità culturale.	en-it
Now the great advantage of this historical experience has been that, without the Han, China could never have held together.	היתרון המשמעותי של הניסיון ההיסטורי הזה היה בכך שלולא ההאן, סין לעולם לא הייתה מסוגלת להשאר מאוחדת.	en-he
The Han identity has been the cement which has held this country together.	זהות ההאן הייתה המלט אשר החזיק את הארץ הזו מאוחדת.	en-he
The great disadvantage of it is that the Han have a very weak conception of cultural difference.	Disavantazhi i madh i saj është që Hanët kanë një konceptim shumë të kufizuar të dallimeve kulturore.	en-sq
They really believe in their own superiority, and they are disrespectful of those who are not.	הם מאמינים באמת בעליונות שלהם, והם חסרי כבוד למי שאינו משתייך אליהם.	en-he
Hence their attitude, for example, to the Uyghurs and to the Tibetans.	Этим объясняется их отношение, например, к уйгурам и тибетцам.	en-ru
Or let me give you my third building block, the Chinese state.	Ili da vam predstavim i treći građevni element, kinesku državu.	en-hr
Now the relationship between the state and society in China is very different from that in the West.	중국의 국가와 사회 관계는 서양과는 매우 다릅니다.	en-ko
Now we in the West overwhelmingly seem to think -- in these days at least -- that the authority and legitimacy of the state is a function of democracy.	在西方我们绝大多数人似乎认为--至少在最近国家的权威和合法性是民主的一个功能。	en-zh-cn
The problem with this proposition is that the Chinese state enjoys more legitimacy and more authority amongst the Chinese than is true with any Western state.	O problema com esta proposição é que o Estado chinês goza de maior legitimidade e de mais autoridade entre os chineses do que acontece em qualquer Estado no Ocidente	en-pt
And the reason for this is because -- well, there are two reasons, I think.	이러한 현상의 이유는 두가지가 있다고 생각합니다.	en-ko
And it's obviously got nothing to do with democracy, because in our terms the Chinese certainly don't have a democracy.	Bunun demokrasiyle bir alaksı yok, çünkü bizim anlayışımıza göre Çin'de kesinlikle demokrasi yok.	en-tr
And the reason for this is, firstly, because the state in China is given a very special -- it enjoys a very special significance as the representative, the embodiment and the guardian of Chinese civilization, of the civilization-state.	Dan alasan untuk ini adalah, pertama, karena negara di Cina diberikan sangat khusus - menikmati artian yang sangat khusus sebagai perwakilan, perwujudan dan penjaga dari peradaban orang Cina, negara peradaban.	en-id
This is as close as China gets to a kind of spiritual role.	Dette er så tæt som Kina kommer på en form for spirituel rolle.	en-da

Because it's neither rare nor well done.

Çünkü iyi de değildir kötü de değildir.

en-tr

But to be completely honest with you, I kind of love television.

Vou ser muito franco, adoro televisão.

en-pt

Any of you like television? Audience: Yes.

A algú li agrada la televisió?

en-ca

Data: I find it incredibly educational.

(Público: Sim). Acho que é extremamente educativa.

en-pt-br

Actually, as soon as someone turns it on, I go into the other room and read.

Sebenarnya, segera setelah seseorang menyalakannya, saya pergi ke ruangan lain dan membaca.

en-id

(Laughter) That's all for now.

(Kahkahalar) Şimdilik bu kadar.

en-tr

Was that okay for my first time?

Acham que correu bem apesar de ser a minha primeira vez?

en-pt

(Applause) You've been a great audience.

(Аплодисменти) Ви чудова аудиторія.

en-uk

HK: Yay.

HK: Hurrá!

en-hu

(Applause) So this is actually the first time we've ever done live audience feedback to a performance.

(Aplaudiment) Aquesta és de fet la primera vegada que hem recollit la reacció de públic en directe en una actuació.

en-ca

So thank you all for being a part of it.

谢谢你们能参与我们的表演。

en-zh-cn

There's a lot more to come.

이루어질 것이 더 많이 있습니다.

en-ko

And we hope to learn a lot about robot expression.

Temos muito a aprender sobre a maneira de os robôs se exprimirem.

en-pt

The world is changing with really remarkable speed.

Светът се променя с наистина забележителна скорост.

en-bg

If you look at the chart at the top here, you'll see that in 2025, these Goldman Sachs projections suggest that the Chinese economy will be almost the same size as the American economy.

Ako pogledate na gornji dio grafikona, vidjet ćete da za 2025. godinu, prognoze Goldman Sachsa predviđaju da će kinesko gospodarstvo gotovo dostići veličinu američkog gospodarstva.

en-hr

And if you look at the chart for 2050, it's projected that the Chinese economy will be twice the size of the American economy, and the Indian economy will be almost the same size as the American economy.

Pokud se podíváte na graf pro rok 2050, tak se odhaduje, že čínská ekonomika bude ve srovnání s americkou ekonomikou dvojnásobná, a že indická ekonomika bude téměř stejně velká jak americká ekonomika.

en-cs

And we should bear in mind here that these projections were drawn up before the Western financial crisis.

Moramo ovdje voditi računa o tome da su ove prognoze nastale prije zapadne financijske krize.

en-hr

A couple of weeks ago, I was looking at the latest projection by BNP Paribas for when China will have a larger economy than the United States.

Een paar weken geleden keek ik naar de nieuwste prognose door BNP Paribas over wanneer China een grotere economie zal hebben dan de Verenigde Staten.

en-nl

Goldman Sachs projected 2027.

Goldman Sachs odhadoval, že v roce 2027.

en-cs

The post-crisis projection is 2020.

Kriisinjälkeinen ennuste on 2020.

en-fi

That's just a decade away.

To je samo desetljeće od danas.

en-hr

China is going to change the world in two fundamental respects.

中国が世界を変え特に２つの事が大きく変わるでしょう

en-ja

First of all, it's a huge developing country with a population of 1.3 billion people, which has been growing for over 30 years at around 10 percent a year.

Esiteks on see hiigelsuur arenguriik rahvastikuga 1,3 miljardit inimest, mis on kasvanud rohkem kui 30 aasta jooksul 10% võrra aastas.

en-et

And within a decade, it will have the largest economy in the world.

これから10年の間に中国の経済は世界一の規模になるのです

en-ja

Never before in the modern era has the largest economy in the world been that of a developing country, rather than a developed country.

Niciodată pâna acum, în era modernă economia cea mai mare din lume nu a fost cea a unei ţări în dezvoltare, ci economia unei ţări deja dezvoltate.

en-ro

Secondly, for the first time in the modern era, the dominant country in the world -- which I think is what China will become -- will be not from the West and from very, very different civilizational roots.

والامر الثاني هو انه لاول مرة في التاريخ الحديث سوف تكون الدولة المسيطرة على العالم والتي اظن انها الصين هي دولة تقع في الشرق .. لا في الغرب وهي دولة ذات جذور حضارية مختلفة جدا جدا

en-ar

Now, I know it's a widespread assumption in the West that as countries modernize, they also westernize.

Na most tudom, hogy a Nyugaton nagyon elterjedt nézet az, hogy miközben az országok modernizálódnak, ezzel együtt a nyugati kultúrát is átveszik.

en-hu

This is an illusion.

זאת היא אשליה.

en-he

It's an assumption that modernity is a product simply of competition, markets and technology.

Người ta giả định rằng hiện đại hóa là một sản phẩm gian đơn của cạnh trạnh, thị trường và công nghệ.

en-vi

It is not. It is also shaped equally by history and culture.

این طور نیست. به همان اندازه، تاریخ و فرهنگ هم در شکل دادن آن نقش دارند.

en-fa

China is not like the West, and it will not become like the West.

中國和西方國家不同，而且中國也不會變成像西方國家一樣，

en-zh-tw

It will remain in very fundamental respects very different.

Θα παραμείνει σε πολύ θεμελιώδεις απόψεις πολυ διαφορετική.

en-el

Now the big question here is obviously, how do we make sense of China?

Tani pikëpyetja qëndron në atë se si mund ta kuptojmë Kinën.

en-sq

How do we try to understand what China is?

Wie können wir versuchen zu verstehen, was China ist?

en-de

And the problem we have in the West at the moment, by and large, is that the conventional approach is that we understand it really in Western terms, using Western ideas.

Batı'da sahip olduğumuz problem tam da bu aslında, bu geleneksel yaklaşım, Çin'i Batılı fikirler kullanarak, Batılı bakış açısıyla anlamaya çalışmak.

en-tr

We can't.

No podem. Per contra, el cervell ha evolucionat per veure el món

en-ca

Now I want to offer you three building blocks for trying to understand what China is like, just as a beginning.

Agora quero lhes oferecer três fundamentos chaves para que tentemos entender como a China é -- como uma introdução.

en-pt-br

The first is this: that China is not really a nation-state.

بداية كل هذا ان الصين ليست " دولة قومية "

en-ar

Okay, it's called itself a nation-state for the last hundred years, but everyone who knows anything about China knows it's a lot older than this.

Bueno, se ha autodenominado estado-nación durante los últimos cien años. Pero cualquiera que conozca algo de China sabe que tiene mucha más historia que eso.

en-es

This was what China looked like with the victory of the Qin Dynasty in 221 B.C. at the end of the warring-state period -- the birth of modern China.

Такий вигляд Китай мав після перемоги династії Цінь в 221 році до н.е. в кінці Епохи Воюючих царств - народження Китаю.

en-uk

And you can see it against the boundaries of modern China.

你可以看到现代中国的边界线。

en-zh-cn

Or immediately afterward, the Han Dynasty, still 2,000 years ago.

או מיד לאחריה, שושלת האן, כל זה, לפני 2000 שנים.

en-he

And you can see already it occupies most of what we now know as Eastern China, which is where the vast majority of Chinese lived then and live now.

Og I kan se, det allerede dækker det meste af, hvad vi nu kender som det Østlige Kina, hvilket er, hvor det store fleral af kinesere boede dengang og bor nu.

en-da

Now what is extraordinary about this is, what gives China its sense of being China, what gives the Chinese the sense of what it is to be Chinese, comes not from the last hundred years, not from the nation-state period, which is what happened in the West, but from the period, if you like, of the civilization-state.

这点非同寻常的是，它赋予了中国做为中国的意义，也赋予了中国人成为他们中国人的意义，这不是从过去几百年，也不是从民族国家开始形成这种认识，这跟西方发展也不一样，而这一阶段，如果你喜欢，可以说是文明国家的阶段。

en-zh-cn

I'm thinking here, for example, of customs like ancestral worship, of a very distinctive notion of the state, likewise, a very distinctive notion of the family, social relationships like guanxi, Confucian values and so on.

Tarkoitan tällä esimerkiksi esi-isien palvontaa, hyvin erilaista valtiokäsitystä, sekä hyvin erilaista perhekäsitystä, sosiaalisia verkostoja kuten guanxi ja kungfutselaisia arvoja jne.

en-fi

These are all things that come from the period of the civilization-state.

Ezek mind olyan dolgok, amelyek a civilizáció-állam korából származnak.

en-hu

In other words, China, unlike the Western states and most countries in the world, is shaped by its sense of civilization, its existence as a civilization-state, rather than as a nation-state.

Por outras palavras, a China, ao contrário dos Estados ocidentais e da maioria dos países no mundo, é moldada pelo seu sentido de civilização, pela sua existência enquanto estado-civilização, e não enquanto Estado-Nação.

en-pt

And there's one other thing to add to this, and that is this: Of course we know China's big, huge, demographically and geographically, with a population of 1.3 billion people.

Buna eklenecek bir şey daha var, o da: Çin'in büyük, devasa olduğunu tabi ki biliyoruz, nüfusu ve coğrafyasıyla, 1.3 milyar nüfusuyla.

en-tr

What we often aren't really aware of is the fact that China is extremely diverse and very pluralistic, and in many ways very decentralized.

私たちがあまり気づいていないのは中国は非常に多様性があり多元的でもありそして多くの点でとても分散しています

en-ja

You can't run a place on this scale simply from Beijing, even though we think this to be the case.

Man kann ein Land von solcher Größe nicht einfach von Beijing aus steuern, auch wenn wir oft denken, dass das so ist.

en-de

It's never been the case.

Thì cũng không bao giờ có chuyện đó.

en-vi

So this is China, a civilization-state, rather than a nation-state.

でこれが民族国家というよりも文明国家の中国です

en-ja

And what does it mean?

Και τι σημαίνει αυτό;

en-el

Well, I think it has all sorts of profound implications.

Nos, úgy gondolom, hogy ennek mindenféle mélyreható következménye van.

en-hu

I'll give you two quick ones.

دو مورد از آنها را به طور خلاصه به شما می گویم.

en-fa

The first is that the most important political value for the Chinese is unity, is the maintenance of Chinese civilization.

Перший полягає в тому що найважливішою політичною цінністю для китайців є єдність, збереження китайської цивілізації.

en-uk

You know, 2,000 years ago, Europe: breakdown -- the fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire.

Знаєте, 2 тисячі років тому, Європа: розпад, поділ Римської Імперії.

en-uk

It divided, and it's remained divided ever since.

Es teilte sich, und es ist seitdem geteilt.

en-de

China, over the same time period, went in exactly the opposite direction, very painfully holding this huge civilization, civilization-state, together.

A China, ao longo desse mesmo período de tempo, foi para exatamente a direção oposta, muito dolorido manter essa imensa civilização, um estado-civilização unido.

en-pt-br

The second is maybe more prosaic, which is Hong Kong.

Die zweite ist vielleicht etwas nüchterner, und das ist Hong Kong.

en-de

Do you remember the handover of Hong Kong by Britain to China in 1997?

các bạn có nhớ sự trao trả Hong Kong của Anh với Trung Quốc năm 1997?

en-vi

You may remember what the Chinese constitutional proposition was.

Anda mungkin ingat apa tawaran konstitusional Cina saat itu.

en-id

One country, two systems.

O ţară, două sisteme.

en-ro

And I'll lay a wager that barely anyone in the West believed them.

I kladit ću se da je jedva bilo ikoga na Zapadu tko im je vjerovao.

en-hr

"Window dressing.

"Показуха

en-uk

When China gets its hands on Hong Kong, that won't be the case."

Kun Kiina saa otteen Hongkongista, todellisuus on toinen."

en-fi

Thirteen years on, the political and legal system in Hong Kong is as different now as it was in 1997.

13年後的今天香港的政治和法律制度還是如同1997年一樣，跟中國的不同。

en-zh-tw

We were wrong. Why were we wrong?

Pogriješili smo. Zašto smo pogriješili?

en-hr

We were wrong because we thought, naturally enough, in nation-state ways.

لاننا ظننا ان الامر سيجري بمنظورنا في مفهوم الدولة القومية

en-ar

Think of German unification, 1990.

1990년의 독일 통일을 생각해보세요.

en-ko

What happened?

І що сталось?

en-uk

Well, basically the East was swallowed by the West.

W skrócie - zachód wchłonął wschód.

en-pl

One nation, one system.

일국가 일체제였지요.

en-ko

That is the nation-state mentality.

Questa è la mentalità dello stato-nazione.

en-it

But you can't run a country like China, a civilization-state, on the basis of one civilization, one system.

De egy olyan országot, mint amilyen Kína, egy civilizáció államot, Nem lehet "egy civilizáció, egy rendszer" alapon kormányozni.

en-hu

It doesn't work.

Ça ne fonctionne pas.

en-fr-ca

So actually the response of China to the question of Hong Kong -- as it will be to the question of Taiwan -- was a natural response: one civilization, many systems.

כך שלמעשה תגובתה של סין לגבי סוגיית הונג-קונג כפי שתהיה לסוגיית טאיוואן הייתה תגובה טבעית: ציוויליזציה אחת, הרבה מערכות שלטוניות.

en-he

Let me offer you another building block to try and understand China -- maybe not sort of a comfortable one.

Dopustite da ponudim i drugi građevni blok u pokušaju da razumijemo Kinu -- možda ne tako ugodan.

en-hr

The Chinese have a very, very different conception of race to most other countries.

中国与其他大多数国家对民族的概念有非常，非常不同的理解。

en-zh-cn

Do you know, of the 1.3 billion Chinese, over 90 percent of them think they belong to the same race, the Han?

Ved I, at af de 1,3 milliarder kinesere mener over 90 procent af dem, at de tilhører den samme race, han-kineserne.

en-da

Now, this is completely different from the world's [other] most populous countries.

인구가 많은 다른 나라들과 굉장히 다릅니다.

en-ko

India, the United States, Indonesia, Brazil -- all of them are multiracial.

Η Ινδία, οι Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες, η Ινδονησία, η Βραζιλία-- όλες τους είναι πολυφυλετικές.

en-el

The Chinese don't feel like that.

چینی ها این احساس را ندارند.

en-fa

China is only multiracial really at the margins.

ان الصين متعددة الاعراق في الاطراف المتناحية منها فحسب (الهوامش)

en-ar

So the question is, why?

والسؤال هو .. لماذا ؟

en-ar

Well the reason, I think, essentially is, again, back to the civilization-state.

私が思うに結局は文明国家が理由なのです

en-ja

A history of at least 2,000 years, a history of conquest, occupation, absorption, assimilation and so on, led to the process by which, over time, this notion of the Han emerged -- of course, nurtured by a growing and very powerful sense of cultural identity.

Una storia di almeno 2.000 anni, una storia di conquista, occupazione, assorbimenti, assimilazioni e così via, a portato al processo con cui, nel tempo, questa concezione degli Han è emersa -- naturalmente, nutrita da un crescente e potente senso di identità culturale.

en-it

Now the great advantage of this historical experience has been that, without the Han, China could never have held together.

היתרון המשמעותי של הניסיון ההיסטורי הזה היה בכך שלולא ההאן, סין לעולם לא הייתה מסוגלת להשאר מאוחדת.

en-he

The Han identity has been the cement which has held this country together.

זהות ההאן הייתה המלט אשר החזיק את הארץ הזו מאוחדת.

en-he

The great disadvantage of it is that the Han have a very weak conception of cultural difference.

Disavantazhi i madh i saj është që Hanët kanë një konceptim shumë të kufizuar të dallimeve kulturore.

en-sq

They really believe in their own superiority, and they are disrespectful of those who are not.

הם מאמינים באמת בעליונות שלהם, והם חסרי כבוד למי שאינו משתייך אליהם.

en-he

Hence their attitude, for example, to the Uyghurs and to the Tibetans.

Этим объясняется их отношение, например, к уйгурам и тибетцам.

en-ru

Or let me give you my third building block, the Chinese state.

Ili da vam predstavim i treći građevni element, kinesku državu.

en-hr

Now the relationship between the state and society in China is very different from that in the West.

중국의 국가와 사회 관계는 서양과는 매우 다릅니다.

en-ko

Now we in the West overwhelmingly seem to think -- in these days at least -- that the authority and legitimacy of the state is a function of democracy.

在西方我们绝大多数人似乎认为--至少在最近国家的权威和合法性是民主的一个功能。

en-zh-cn

The problem with this proposition is that the Chinese state enjoys more legitimacy and more authority amongst the Chinese than is true with any Western state.

O problema com esta proposição é que o Estado chinês goza de maior legitimidade e de mais autoridade entre os chineses do que acontece em qualquer Estado no Ocidente

en-pt

And the reason for this is because -- well, there are two reasons, I think.

이러한 현상의 이유는 두가지가 있다고 생각합니다.

en-ko

And it's obviously got nothing to do with democracy, because in our terms the Chinese certainly don't have a democracy.

Bunun demokrasiyle bir alaksı yok, çünkü bizim anlayışımıza göre Çin'de kesinlikle demokrasi yok.

en-tr

And the reason for this is, firstly, because the state in China is given a very special -- it enjoys a very special significance as the representative, the embodiment and the guardian of Chinese civilization, of the civilization-state.

Dan alasan untuk ini adalah, pertama, karena negara di Cina diberikan sangat khusus - menikmati artian yang sangat khusus sebagai perwakilan, perwujudan dan penjaga dari peradaban orang Cina, negara peradaban.

en-id

This is as close as China gets to a kind of spiritual role.

Dette er så tæt som Kina kommer på en form for spirituel rolle.

en-da