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The things we make have one supreme quality -- they live longer than us. | 人が創る もの には ある優れた特性があります もの は人より長生きします | en-ja |
We perish, they survive; we have one life, they have many lives, and in each life they can mean different things. | Mi umiremo, oni nas nadživljuju; mi imamo jedan život, oni ih imaju mnogo, a u svakom od tih života mogu poprimati različita značenja. | en-hr |
Which means that, while we all have one biography, they have many. | Terwijl wij één biografie hebben, hebben zij er vele. | en-nl |
I want this morning to talk about the story, the biography -- or rather the biographies -- of one particular object, one remarkable thing. | Quero, esta manhã, falar sobre a história, a biografia -- ou melhor, as biografias -- de um objeto em particular, uma coisa extraordinária. | en-pt-br |
It doesn't, I agree, look very much. | Je suis d'accord, ça ne ressemble pas à grand-chose. | en-fr |
It's about the size of a rugby ball. | 差不多是一只橄榄球的大小 | en-zh-cn |
It's made of clay, and it's been fashioned into a cylinder shape, covered with close writing and then baked dry in the sun. | თიხისგანაა დამზადებული და გარეგნულად ცილინდრის ფორმა აქვს, დაფარულია მჭიდრო წარწერებით და შემდეგ გამომშრალია მზეზე. | en-ka |
And as you can see, it's been knocked about a bit, which is not surprising because it was made two and a half thousand years ago and was dug up in 1879. | E come potete vedere, è un po' ammaccato, e non sorprende perché è stato fatto 2500 anni fa ed è stato riportato alla luce nel 1879. | en-it |
But today, this thing is, I believe, a major player in the politics of the Middle East. | Jednak dziś przedmiot ten Jednak dziś przedmiot ten gra jedną z głównych ról na politycznej scenie Bliskiego Wschodu. | en-pl |
And it's an object with fascinating stories and stories that are by no means over yet. | Dan ini adalah sebuah benda dengan kisah-kisah mempesona dan kisah-kisah yang belum selesai. | en-id |
The story begins in the Iran-Iraq war and that series of events that culminated in the invasion of Iraq by foreign forces, the removal of a despotic ruler and instant regime change. | ეს ისტორია ირან-ერაყის ომის დროს დაიწყო როცა განვითარებულმა მოვლენებმა საბოლოოდ უცხო ძალების მიერ ერაყში შეჭრა, დესპოტი მმართველის ჩამოგდება და რეჟიმის მყისიერი ცვლა გამოიწვია. | en-ka |
And I want to begin with one episode from that sequence of events that most of you would be very familiar with, Belshazzar's feast -- because we're talking about the Iran-Iraq war of 539 BC. | Vreau să încep cu un episod din acea serie de evenimente, pe care majoritatea îl cunoașteți, e vorba de sărbătoarea lui Belșațar - vorbim de războiul irano-irakian din 539 î.H. | en-ro |
And the parallels between the events of 539 BC and 2003 and in between are startling. | A paralele između događaja iz 539. pre Hrista i 2003. su zapanjujuće. | en-sr |
What you're looking at is Rembrandt's painting, now in the National Gallery in London, illustrating the text from the prophet Daniel in the Hebrew scriptures. | 你們現在看到的是 現存於倫敦國家美術館的倫勃朗（林布藍）的作品 這幅畫描述了希伯來經文中 先知但以理所說的場景 | en-zh-tw |
And you all know roughly the story. | E todos vocês sabem a história por alto. | en-pt |
Belshazzar, the son of Nebuchadnezzar, Nebuchadnezzar who'd conquered Israel, sacked Jerusalem and captured the people and taken the Jews back to Babylon. | Baltazar, sin Nabukodonozora, onoga koji je pokorio Izrael, opljačkao Jeruzalem i porobio narod te odveo Židove natrag u Babilon. | en-hr |
Not only the Jews, he'd taken the temple vessels. | ויותר מזה, גם לקח את כלי בית המקדש. | en-he |
He'd ransacked, desecrated the temple. | Ông lục soát và mạo phạm thánh đường. | en-vi |
And the great gold vessels of the temple in Jerusalem had been taken to Babylon. | და იერუსალიმის ტაძრის ოქროს დიდებული ჭურჭელი ბაბილონში წაიღო. | en-ka |
Belshazzar, his son, decides to have a feast. | Belsyazar, anaknya, bercadang untuk mengadakan sebuah perjamuan. | en-ms |
And in order to make it even more exciting, he added a bit of sacrilege to the rest of the fun, and he brings out the temple vessels. | E de maneira a torná-lo ainda mais excitante, ele acrescentou um pouco de sacrilégio ao resto da paródia, e traz os vasos do templo. | en-pt |
He's already at war with the Iranians, with the king of Persia. | ამ დროს იგი უკვე ომობდა ირანელებთან, სპარსეთის მეფესთან. | en-ka |
And that night, Daniel tells us, at the height of the festivities a hand appeared and wrote on the wall, "You are weighed in the balance and found wanting, and your kingdom is handed over to the Medes and the Persians." | Và đêm hôm đó, Daniel cho chúng ta biết, khi lễ hội lên đến cực điểm, một bàn tay xuất hiện và viết lên tường, "Vua đã bị đem lên cán cân và và không hề cân sức, vương quốc ngươi được giao cho người Merde và người Ba Tư." | en-vi |
And that very night Cyrus, king of the Persians, entered Babylon and the whole regime of Belshazzar fell. | และในคืนนั้นเอง ไซรัส กษัตริย์แห่งเปอร์เซีย บุกเข้าบาบิลอน และระบอบของเบลชัซซาร์ก็จบสิ้นลง | en-th |
It is, of course, a great moment in the history of the Jewish people. | Это, конечно же, великий момент в истории иудейского народа. | en-ru |
It's a great story. It's story we all know. | این داستان بزگیست که همه ما آن رامیدانیم. | en-fa |
"The writing on the wall" is part of our everyday language. | "Užrašas ant sienos" yra kasdienės kalbos dalis. | en-lt |
What happened next was remarkable, and it's where our cylinder enters the story. | Αυτό που συνέβη μετά ήταν αξιοσημείωτο, και είναι το σημείο όπου ο κύλινδρός μας εισέρχεται στην ιστορία. | en-el |
Cyrus, king of the Persians, has entered Babylon without a fight -- the great empire of Babylon, which ran from central southern Iraq to the Mediterranean, falls to Cyrus. | Kürosz, a perzsák királya, harc nélkül lépett be Babilonba -- a nagy babiloni birodalom, amelyik Közép-Dél-Iraktól a Földközi-tengerig terjedt, elesett Kürosz előtt. | en-hu |
And Cyrus makes a declaration. | Ve Cyrus bir ferman verir. | en-tr |
And that is what this cylinder is, the declaration made by the ruler guided by God who had toppled the Iraqi despot and was going to bring freedom to the people. | Ir tai yra šis cilindras, toji deklaracija valdovo, vedamo Dievo, kuris nuvertė Irako despotą ir turėjo atnešti laisvę jo žmonėms. | en-lt |
In ringing Babylonian -- it was written in Babylonian -- he says, "I am Cyrus, king of all the universe, the great king, the powerful king, king of Babylon, king of the four quarters of the world." | En resonante acadio -fue escrito en acadio- dice: "Soy Ciro, rey del Universo, el gran rey, el rey poderoso, el rey de Babilonia, rey de los cuatro cuartos del mundo". | en-es |
They're not shy of hyperbole as you can see. | Jak widzicie, są to niemal hiperbole. | en-pl |
This is probably the first real press release by a victorious army that we've got. | Ovo je vjerojatno prva prava izjava za medije koju je dala pobjednička vojska u povijesti. | en-hr |
And it's written, as we'll see in due course, by very skilled P.R. consultants. | I napisali su je, kao što ćemo videti, vrlo talentovani stručnjaci za marketing. | en-sr |
So the hyperbole is not actually surprising. | 誇張表現は驚くことではありません | en-ja |
And what is the great king, the powerful king, the king of the four quarters of the world going to do? | Wat gaat de grote koning, de machtige koning, de koning van de vier hoeken van de wereld doen? | en-nl |
He goes on to say that, having conquered Babylon, he will at once let all the peoples that the Babylonians -- Nebuchadnezzar and Belshazzar -- have captured and enslaved go free. | バビロンを征服した 王は続けます ネブカドネザルと ベルシャザルに 捕えられ奴隷となった 全てのバビロニア人を すぐに解放すると 宣言しました | en-ja |
He'll let them return to their countries. | Les permitirá regresar a sus países. | en-es |
And more important, he will let them all recover the gods, the statues, the temple vessels that had been confiscated. | I ne samo to, svima će im vratiti njihove bogove, idole, hramsko posuđe koje je bilo zaplijenjeno. | en-hr |
All the peoples that the Babylonians had repressed and removed will go home, and they'll take with them their gods. | כל אותם עמים אותם הבבלים דיכאו והגלו ישובו הביתה, ויקחו את האלים שלהם איתם. | en-he |
And they'll be able to restore their altars and to worship their gods in their own way, in their own place. | Ve sunaklarını yenileyip kendi tanrılarına, kendilerine ait bir yerde kendi istedikleri şekilde ibadet edebileceklerdi. | en-tr |
This is the decree, this object is the evidence for the fact that the Jews, after the exile in Babylon, the years they'd spent sitting by the waters of Babylon, weeping when they remembered Jerusalem, those Jews were allowed to go home. | 就是這個法令 這就是最好的證物 它證明了猶太人 流亡巴比倫後 坐在巴比倫水邊 詠懷耶路撒冷 不停啜泣的那段歲月 而最後 他們終於重獲自由 | en-zh-tw |
They were allowed to return to Jerusalem and to rebuild the temple. | Mereka dibenarkan pulang ke Jerusalem dan membina semula kuil mereka. | en-ms |
It's a central document in Jewish history. | Ia merupakan dokumen yang penting dalam sejarah orang Yahudi. | en-ms |
And the Book of Chronicles, the Book of Ezra in the Hebrew scriptures reported in ringing terms. | ヘブライ語聖書 エズラ書 歴代志 にも 明確に同様の記述があります | en-ja |
This is the Jewish version of the same story. | Questa è la versione ebraica della stessa storia. | en-it |
"Thus said Cyrus, king of Persia, 'All the kingdoms of the earth have the Lord God of heaven given thee, and he has charged me to build him a house in Jerusalem. | "ペルシャ王キュロス曰く 「天の神 主は地上の国々をことごとく 私にくださって 主の宮をユダにあるエルサレムに 建てることを私に命じられた | en-ja |
Who is there among you of his people? | والذي يوجد بينكم هناك من شعبه؟ | en-ar |
The Lord God be with him, and let him go up.'" "Go up" -- aaleh. | 愿上帝与这人同在 你们要回归耶路撒冷建造他的神殿“ “回归耶路撒冷” | en-zh-cn |
The central element, still, of the notion of return, a central part of the life of Judaism. | Най-важният елемент на идеята за завръщане, базисна част от живота на юдаизма. | en-bg |
As you all know, that return from exile, the second temple, reshaped Judaism. | Mint tudják, a visszatérés a száműzetésből, a második templom, átformálta a zsidó vallást. | en-hu |
And that change, that great historic moment, was made possible by Cyrus, the king of Persia, reported for us in Hebrew in scripture and in Babylonian in clay. | 波斯王居魯士實現了 這個轉機 這歷史上的重要一刻 希伯來文的經文 巴比倫語的陶器 都詳細記載了這一切 | en-zh-tw |
Two great texts, what about the politics? | Du didingi tekstai, o kaip politika? | en-lt |
What was going on was the fundamental shift in Middle Eastern history. | რაც ამ მხრივ ხდებოდა, ეს იყო ფუნდამენტური ძვრა ახლო აღმოსავლეთის ისტორიაში. | en-ka |
The empire of Iran, the Medes and the Persians, united under Cyrus, became the first great world empire. | อาณาจักรอิหร่านของชาวมีดส์และเปอร์เซีย รวมกันเป็นหนึ่งภายใต้ไซรัส มันกลายเป็นอาณาจักรยิ่งใหญ่แห่งแรกของโลก | en-th |
Cyrus begins in the 530s BC. | 키로스는 기원전 530년 경에 시작됩니다 | en-ko |
And by the time of his son Darius, the whole of the eastern Mediterranean is under Persian control. | an. Und schon zur Zeit seines Sohns Darius ist das gesamte östliche Mittelmeer unter persischer Kontrolle. | en-de |
This empire is, in fact, the Middle East as we now know it, and it's what shapes the Middle East as we now know it. | Kjo perandori është, në fakt, Lindja e Mesme ashtu siç e njohim ne, dhe kjo është ajo që formon Lindjen e Mesme si e njohim ne. | en-sq |
It was the largest empire the world had known until then. | O zamana kadarki en büyük imparatorluktu. | en-tr |
Much more important, it was the first multicultural, multifaith state on a huge scale. | Y, mucho más importante, fue el primer estado multicultural y multirreligioso a gran escala. | en-es |
And it had to be run in a quite new way. | Và nó được điều hành theo một cách hoàn toàn mới. | en-vi |
It had to be run in different languages. | Трябвало е да бъде управлявана на различни езици. | en-bg |
The fact that this decree is in Babylonian says one thing. | 巴比倫語版本的政令 就證明了真有此事 | en-zh-tw |
And it had to recognize their different habits, different peoples, different religions, different faiths. | Bản tuyên ngôn phải công nhận tập quán, con người, tôn giáo, tín ngưỡng khác nhau. | en-vi |
All of those are respected by Cyrus. | همه اینها توسط کورش محترم شناخته شد. | en-fa |
Cyrus sets up a model of how you run a great multinational, multifaith, multicultural society. | Koresh menciptakan sebuah model bagaimana untuk mengelola masyarakat besar yang multinational, multi-keyakinan, multikultural. | en-id |
And the result of that was an empire that included the areas you see on the screen, and which survived for 200 years of stability until it was shattered by Alexander. | Bunun sonucu, ekranda gördüğünüz bölgeleri içeren ve İskender tarafından parçalanana kadar 200 yıl boyunca ayakta kalmış bir imparatorluk. | en-tr |
It left a dream of the Middle East as a unit, and a unit where people of different faiths could live together. | Ji sukūrė Vidurio rytų viziją kaip vieneto, ir būtent tokio vieneto, kur skirtingų religijų žmonės gali gyventi kartu. | en-lt |
The Greek invasions ended that. | Гръцката инвазия прекратява това. | en-bg |
And of course, Alexander couldn't sustain a government and it fragmented. | Alexander konnte natürlich die Regierung nicht aufrechterhalten und es zerfiel. | en-de |
But what Cyrus represented remained absolutely central. | Men det Kyros representerade förblev fullständigt centralt. | en-sv |
The Greek historian Xenophon wrote his book "Cyropaedia" promoting Cyrus as the great ruler. | Graikų istorikas Zenofonas savo knygoje "Kyropedija" Kyrą vadino didžiu valdovu. | en-lt |
And throughout European culture afterward, Cyrus remained the model. | Et partout dans la culture européenne par la suite, Cyrus resta le modèle. | en-fr |
This is a 16th century image to show you how widespread his veneration actually was. | Ovo je slika iz 16-og veka samo da vam pokažem koliko je bio poštovan. | en-sr |
And Xenophon's book on Cyrus on how you ran a diverse society was one of the great textbooks that inspired the Founding Fathers of the American Revolution. | El libro de Jenofonte sobre Ciro y cómo gobernar una sociedad diversa fue uno de los grandes textos que inspiraron a los Padres Fundadores de la Revolución Estadounidense. | en-es |
Jefferson was a great admirer -- the ideals of Cyrus obviously speaking to those 18th century ideals of how you create religious tolerance in a new state. | Джефферсон был огромным поклонником — идеалы Кира, очевидно, соответствовали тем идеалам 18 века о том, как создавать религиозную терпимость в новом государстве. | en-ru |
Meanwhile, back in Babylon, things had not been going well. | 一方 バビロンに話を戻すと 物事はうまく進んでいませんでした | en-ja |
After Alexander, the other empires, Babylon declines, falls into ruins, and all the traces of the great Babylonian empire are lost -- until 1879 when the cylinder is discovered by a British Museum exhibition digging in Babylon. | Nagy Sándor után a többi birodalom, Babilon hanyatlásnak indul, romokban hever, és a nagy babiloni birodalom minden nyoma eltűnik 1879-ig, amikor felfedezik az agyaghengert, a British Museum egy ásatási expedíciója során. | en-hu |
And it enters now another story. | Và nó bắt đầu một câu chuyện khác. | en-vi |
It enters that great debate in the middle of the 19th century: Are the scriptures reliable? Can we trust them? | Upada u sred rasprave iz sredine 19-og veka: Da li je Biblija pouzdana? Može li joj se verovati? | en-sr |
We only knew about the return of the Jews and the decree of Cyrus from the Hebrew scriptures. | Despre întoarcerea evreilor și decretul lui Cyrus nu știam decât din scripturile evreiești. | en-ro |
No other evidence. | Inga andra bevis. | en-sv |
Suddenly, this appeared. | Subitamente, isto apareceu. | en-pt |
And great excitement to a world where those who believed in the scriptures had had their faith in creation shaken by evolution, by geology, here was evidence that the scriptures were historically true. | Và sự phấn khích đến với một thế giới mà những người tin vào Kinh Thánh đã bị lung lay niềm tin vào sự hình thành trật tự thế giới bởi thuyết tiến hoa, bởi địa chất học, đây là bằng chứng rằng những lời Kinh Thánh là chính xác về lịch sử. | en-vi |
It's a great 19th century moment. | Это великий момент 19 века. | en-ru |
But -- and this, of course, is where it becomes complicated -- the facts were true, hurrah for archeology, but the interpretation was rather more complicated. | Por -- kjo, natyrisht, qe aty ku u koklavit -- faktet ishin të vërteta, hurrah për arkeologjoninë, por interpretimi ishte mjaft më i komplikuar. | en-sq |
Because the cylinder account and the Hebrew Bible account differ in one key respect. | Çünkü silindirdeki açıklamayla Tevrat'taki açıklama önemli bir noktada ayrı düşüyor. | en-tr |
The Babylonian cylinder is written by the priests of the great god of Bablyon, Marduk. | O cilindro babilónico é escrito pelos sacerdotes do grande deus da Babilónia, Marduk. | en-pt |
And, not surprisingly, they tell you that all this was done by Marduk. | Ndaj, nuk është e habitëshme kur ata thonë që gjithçka që ndodhi ishte falë perëndisë Marduk. | en-sq |
"Marduk, we hold, called Cyrus by his name." | "Marduk zawołał Cyrusa po imieniu". | en-pl |
Marduk takes Cyrus by the hand, calls him to shepherd his people and gives him the rule of Babylon. | Marduk kézen fogja Küroszt, utasítja, hogy legyen a népe pásztora, és Babilon uralkodójává teszi. | en-hu |
Marduk tells Cyrus that he will do these great, generous things of setting the people free. | მარდუკმა უთხრა კიროსს, რომ ის გააკეთებდა დიდებულ და კეთილ საქმეს, როგორც ხალხის გათავისუფლებაა. | en-ka |
And this is why we should all be grateful to and worship Marduk. | Och det är därför vi alla borde visa tacksamhet och vördnad för Marduk. | en-sv |
The Hebrew writers in the Old Testament, you will not be surprised to learn, take a rather different view of this. | Les écrivains hébreux dans l'Ancien Testament, vous ne serez pas étonnés de l'apprendre, ont une vision plutôt différente de cela. | en-fr-ca |
For them, of course, it can't possibly by Marduk that made all this happen. | แน่นอนว่าสำหรับพวกเขา หาใช่มาร์ดุคที่ทำให้เกิดเรื่องทั้งหมดขึ้น | en-th |
It can only be Jehovah. | Sólo puede ser Jehová. | en-es |
And so in Isaiah, we have the wonderful texts giving all the credit of this, not to Marduk but to the Lord God of Israel -- the Lord God of Israel who also called Cyrus by name, also takes Cyrus by the hand and talks of him shepherding his people. | Maka dalam Kitab Yesaya, terdapat tulisan indah yang mengungkapkan bahwa semua itu bukan berkat Marduk melainkan berkat Tuhan bangsa Israel -- Tuhan bangsa Israel yang juga memanggil Koresh dengan namanya dan juga membimbing Koresh dan menyerukan kepadanya untuk mengayomi rakyatnya. | en-id |
It's a remarkable example of two different priestly appropriations of the same event, two different religious takeovers of a political fact. | นี่เป็นตัวอย่างอันน่าทึ่ง ของการฉกฉวยอำนาจในการถ่ายทอด เหตุการณ์ทางการเมืองอันเดียวกัน ตามมุมมองของแต่ละศาสนา | en-th |
God, we know, is usually on the side of the big battalions. | Dieu, nous le savons, est habituellement du côté des grands bataillons. | en-fr |
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