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And what they want is not to have to do that.
Elas não querem ter que fazer isso.
en-pt-br
They don't want legal distinctions between legal and illegal sharing.
그들은 공유 행위를 합법과 불법으로 구분 짓기를 원하는 것이 아닙니다.
en-ko
They just want the sharing to go away.
Ils veulent juste faire disparaitre le partage.
en-fr
PIPA and SOPA are not oddities, they're not anomalies, they're not events.
PIPA и SOPA не странности, не аномалии, они не случайность.
en-ru
They're the next turn of this particular screw, which has been going on 20 years now.
De representerer neste tørn på denne særskilte tommeskruen, som har klemt til i 20 år nå.
en-nb
And if we defeat these, as I hope we do, more is coming.
I ako uspemo da ih porazimo ovde, kao što se ja nadam, još tek sledi.
en-sr
Because until we convince Congress that the way to deal with copyright violation is the way copyright violation was dealt with with Napster, with YouTube, which is to have a trial with all the presentation of evidence and the hashing out of facts and the assessment of remedies that goes on in democratic societies.
For inntil vi overbeviser Kongressen at den måten de behandler brudd på opphavsretten er den måten opphavsrettsbrudd ble håndtert overfor Napster, mot YouTube, som er å ha en rettsak med all bevisførsel og å meisle ut fakta og vurderingen av virkemidler slik det foregår i demokratiske samfunn.
en-nb
That's the way to handle this.
To je način na koji bi ovo trebalo da se rešava.
en-sr
In the meantime, the hard thing to do is to be ready.
在此期間, 困難的事是要做好準備。
en-zh-tw
Because that's the real message of PIPA and SOPA.
因為這是PIPA和SOPA真正的訊息。
en-zh-tw
Time Warner has called and they want us all back on the couch, just consuming -- not producing, not sharing -- and we should say, "No."
Time Warner nous appelle et il veulent que l'on retourne s'asseoir dans le sofa, à se contenter d'être des consommateurs plutôt que de produire et de partager. Nous devons refuser.
en-fr-ca
Do you know how many choices you make in a typical day?
Apa anda tahu berapa kali anda telah memilih dalam sehari ?
en-id
Do you know how many choices you make in typical week?
Vocês sabem quantas escolhas vocês fazem numa semana comum?
en-pt-br
I recently did a survey with over 2,000 Americans, and the average number of choices that the typical American reports making is about 70 in a typical day.
Ik heb recent een onderzoek gedaan bij meer dan 2000 Amerikanen. Het gemiddelde aantal keuzes dat de doorsnee Amerikaan rapporteert is ongeveer 70 op een doorsnee dag.
en-nl
There was also recently a study done with CEOs in which they followed CEOs around for a whole week.
CEO'lar ile yakın zamanda yapılan başka bir çalışma daha var bu çalışmada tüm bir hafta boyunca CEO'ların etrafında gelişmeleri takip ettiler
en-tr
And these scientists simply documented all the various tasks that these CEOs engaged in and how much time they spent engaging in making decisions related to these tasks.
Và những nhà khoa học đã dẫn ra tất cả những nhiệm vụ khác nhau mà những CEO đó tham gia và họ đã tốn bao nhiều thời gian để thực hiện những quyết định liên qua đén những nhiệm vụ đó
en-vi
And they found that the average CEO engaged in about 139 tasks in a week.
Și au descoperit că un director executiv tipic este implicat în 139 de sarcini pe săptămână.
en-ro
Each task was made up of many, many, many sub-choices of course.
Ze bestonden allemaal uit oneindig veel sub-keuzes.
en-nl
50 percent of their decisions were made in nine minutes or less.
Так от, 50 відсотків рішень були прийняті за дев'ять хвилин або менше.
en-uk
Only about 12 percent of the decisions did they make an hour or more of their time.
רק 12% מההחלטות שהם קיבלו לקחו שעה או יותר מזמנם.
en-he
Think about your own choices.
Bây giờ, nghĩ về những sự lựa chọn của chính bạn
en-vi
Do you know how many choices make it into your nine minute category versus your one hour category?
Sapete quante delle vostre scelte ricadono nella categoria dei 9 minuti e quante in quella dell'ora?
en-it
How well do you think you're doing at managing those choices?
Чи успішно ви справляєтеся з усіма рішеннями?
en-uk
Today I want to talk about one of the biggest modern day choosing problems that we have, which is the choice overload problem.
Сьогодні ми поговоримо про серйозну проблему сьогодення - проблему надмірного вибору.
en-uk
I want to talk about the problem and some potential solutions.
אני רוצה להציג את הבעיה וכמה פתרונות אפשריים.
en-he
Now as I talk about this problem, I'm going to have some questions for you and I'm going to want to know your answers.
Miközben erről a problémáról beszélek, lesz néhány kérdésem Önökhöz, amire szeretném majd a válaszukat kérni.
en-hu
So when I ask you a question, since I'm blind, only raise your hand if you want to burn off some calories.
ดังนั้น เมื่อฉันถามคำถามคุณ เนื่องจากฉันมองไม่เห็น คุณจะยกมือตอบก็ได้ ถ้าคุณอยากออกกำลังกาย
en-th
(Laughter) Otherwise, when I ask you a question, and if your answer is yes, I'd like you to clap your hands.
(ضحك) والا ,عندما اسأل سؤالا, وكانت اجابتكم نعم, اريد منكم ان تصفقوا
en-ar
So for my first question for you today: Are you guys ready to hear about the choice overload problem?
پس به عنوان اولین سوال امروز من از شما: آیا شما دوستان آماده هستید تا در مورد مشکل تراکم انبوه گزينه هاي انتخابي بشنوید؟
en-fa
So when I was a graduate student at Stanford University, I used to go to this very, very upscale grocery store; at least at that time it was truly upscale.
När jag läste vid universitetet i Stanford brukade jag gå till en mycket exklusiv livsmedelsaffär, åtminstone var den det på den tiden.
en-sv
It was a store called Draeger's.
קראו לה "דרייגרס".
en-he
Now this store, it was almost like going to an amusement park.
עכשיו, זה היה כמעט כמו ללכת ללונה פארק.
en-he
They had 250 different kinds of mustards and vinegars and over 500 different kinds of fruits and vegetables and more than two dozen different kinds of bottled water -- and this was during a time when we actually used to drink tap water.
この店には250種類のマスタードや酢があり 500種類以上の 果物や野菜 さらに 20種類以上のミネラルウォーターがありました これは人々がまだ実際に水道水を飲んでいた頃のことです
en-ja
I used to love going to this store, but on one occasion I asked myself, well how come you never buy anything?
Ik ging dolgraag naar die winkel, maar op een bepaald moment vroeg ik me af: waarom koop je nooit iets?
en-nl
Here's their olive oil aisle.
Ecco gli scaffali dell'olio d'oliva.
en-it
They had over 75 different kinds of olive oil, including those that were in a locked case that came from thousand-year-old olive trees.
Tenían más de 75 clases diferentes, incluyendo las que estaban en caja sellada que provenían de árboles milenarios.
en-es
So I one day decided to pay a visit to the manager, and I asked the manager, "Is this model of offering people all this choice really working?"
Έτσι μια μέρα αποφάσισα να δω τον διευθυντή, και τον ρώτησα "Δουλεύει αυτό το μοντέλο υπερπροσφοράς επιλογών;"
en-el
And he pointed to the busloads of tourists that would show up everyday, with cameras ready usually.
Og han pegede på de turistbusser fulde af turister, der kom hver eneste dag, som regel med kameraerne klar.
en-da
We decided to do a little experiment, and we picked jam for our experiment.
우리는 실험 하나를 해 보기로 하였고, 우리는 잼을 실험 대상으로 골랐습니다.
en-ko
Here's their jam aisle.
これがジャムのコーナーです
en-ja
They had 348 different kinds of jam.
348 çeşit reçelleri vardı.
en-tr
We set up a little tasting booth right near the entrance of the store.
ما یک باجه تست طعم نزدیک ورودی فروشگاه برپا کردیم.
en-fa
We there put out six different flavors of jam or 24 different flavors of jam, and we looked at two things: First, in which case were people more likely to stop, sample some jam?
Мы предложили две группы для дегустации — из 6 и из 24 разных видов варенья, и мы отслеживали две вещи: во-первых, в каком из двух случаев люди более охотно останавливались попробовать?
en-ru
More people stopped when there were 24, about 60 percent, than when there were six, about 40 percent.
લગભગ ૬૦% લોકો જ્યારે ૨૪ પ્રકારનાં જૅમ મૂક્યાં હતાં ત્યારે અને લગભગ ૪૦% લોકો જ્યારે ૬ પ્રકારનાં જૅમ મૂક્યાં હતાં ત્યારે રોકાયાં હતાં.
en-gu
The next thing we looked at is in which case were people more likely to buy a jar of jam.
L'altra cosa che abbiamo considerato era quando fosse più probabile che le persone ne acquistassero una confezione.
en-it
Now we see the opposite effect.
Nos, itt ellenkező eredmény figyelhető meg.
en-hu
Of the people who stopped when there were 24, only three percent of them actually bought a jar of jam.
24 aroma varken duranlardan yalnızca yüzde 3'ü reçel satın aldı.
en-tr
Of the people who stopped when there were six, well now we saw that 30 percent of them actually bought a jar of jam.
A kada ih je bilo 6, bilo je oko 30 procenata onih koji su stvarno kupili teglu džema.
en-sr
Now if you do the math, people were at least six times more likely to buy a jar of jam if they encountered six than if they encountered 24.
الان، اذا قمت بعمليات حسابية الناس يقومون بشراء المربى بستة اضعاف اذا قابلوا ستة انواع اكثر من اذا واجهوا 23 نوعا
en-ar
Now choosing not to buy a jar of jam is probably good for us -- at least it's good for our waistlines -- but it turns out that this choice overload problem affects us even in very consequential decisions.
現在選擇不買果醬 對我們來說反而是一個好消息 -至少對我們的腰圍來說是好的- 但這也代表了過多選擇的問題 也影響了我們做許多重要的決定
en-zh-tw
We choose not to choose, even when it goes against our best self-interests.
Επιλέγουμε να μην επιλέξουμε ακόμα κι αν αυτό είναι ενάντια στο συμφέρον μας.
en-el
So now for the topic of today: financial savings.
Şimdi bugünkü konumuza gelelim: mali birikimlerimiz
en-tr
Now I'm going to describe to you a study I did with Gur Huberman, Emir Kamenica, Wei Jang where we looked at the retirement savings decisions of nearly a million Americans from about 650 plans all in the U.S.
ตอนนี้ฉันจะอธิบายให้ฟังเกี่ยวกับงานวิจัยที่ฉันทำ ร่วมกับ เกอร์ ฮิวเบอร์แมน, อีเมียร์ คาเมนิก้า และ เว่ย แจง เราศึกษาการตัดสินใจเลือก แผนการออมเงินเกษียณอายุ ของชาวอเมริกันกว่าล้านคน จากแผนการออมประมาณ 650 แผน ทั่วทั้งสหรัฐฯ
en-th
And what we looked at was whether the number of fund offerings available in a retirement savings plan, the 401(k) plan, does that affect people's likelihood to save more for tomorrow.
Načo sme sa pozreli bolo, či počet ponúk fondov pristupných v dôchodkových plánoch, bol to 401(k) plán, zvyšuje pravdepodobnosť, že ušetria viac pre budúcnosť.
en-sk
And what we found was that indeed there was a correlation.
Y descubrimos que en verdad sí había una correlación.
en-es
So in these plans, we had about 657 plans that ranged from offering people anywhere from two to 59 different fund offerings.
Deci în aceste planuri, am avut aproximativ 657 de planuri care au variat de la a oferi oamenilor între 2 si 59 oferte diferite de fonduri.
en-ro
And what we found was that, the more funds offered, indeed, there was less participation rate.
Và chúng tôi phát hiện rằng Càng nhiều nguồn được đưa ra thì thật sự, tỉ lệ tham gia càng ít
en-vi
So if you look at the extremes, those plans that offered you two funds, participation rates were around in the mid-70s -- still not as high as we want it to be.
Takže, když se podíváme na tyto extrémy, u plánů, které nabízely dva fondy, se míra zapojení pohybovala nad 70 – nebyla stále tak velká, jako bychom chtěli.
en-cs
In those plans that offered nearly 60 funds, participation rates have now dropped to about the 60th percentile.
Do programów oferujących ok. 60 funduszy, przystąpiło jeszcze mniej, bo jakieś 60% adresatów oferty.
en-pl
Now it turns out that even if you do choose to participate when there are more choices present, even then, it has negative consequences.
由此可知 即使有更多的選項 提供你選擇 得到的反而是負面的結果
en-zh-tw
So for those people who did choose to participate, the more choices available, the more likely people were to completely avoid stocks or equity funds.
Și deci chiar și pentru cei care au ales să participe, cu cât sunt mai multe opțiuni la îndemână, cu atât e mai probabil ca oamenii să evite cu totul acțiunile sau fondurile de investiții.
en-ro
The more choices available, the more likely they were to put all their money in pure money market accounts.
ככל שהיו יותר אפשרויות בחירה, כך עלה הסיכוי שהם ישימו את כל כספם בתכניות חסכון.
en-he
Now neither of these extreme decisions are the kinds of decisions that any of us would recommend for people when you're considering their future financial well-being.
Sada, ni jedna od ovih ekstremnih odluka nije vrsta odluke koju bi itko od nas preporučio ljudima ako uzimate u obzir njihovu financijsku dobrobit u budućnosti.
en-hr
Well, over the past decade, we have observed three main negative consequences to offering people more and more choices.
ในช่วงทศวรรษที่ผ่านมา เราพบว่า มีผลกระทบแง่ลบหลักๆ อยู่ 3 อย่าง ในการที่เสนอตัวเลือกให้ผู้คน มากจนเกินไป
en-th
They're more likely to delay choosing -- procrastinate even when it goes against their best self-interest.
Oni će radije da odlože odlučivanje odugovlačiće, čak i kad je to suprotno njihovim najboljim interesima.
en-sr
They're more likely to make worse choices -- worse financial choices, medical choices.
częstsze dokonywanie nietrafnych decyzji finansowych oraz tych związanych ze zdrowiem;
en-pl
They're more likely to choose things that make them less satisfied, even when they do objectively better.
Люди чаще делают менее удовлетворяющий их выбор, даже если он объективно хорош.
en-ru
The main reason for this is because, we might enjoy gazing at those giant walls of mayonnaises, mustards, vinegars, jams, but we can't actually do the math of comparing and contrasting and actually picking from that stunning display.
Ennek a legfőbb oka, hogy habár lehet, hogy élvezzük a böngészést azokon az óriási majonézes, ecetes és dzsemes polcokon, de nem tudjuk az összehasonlítás és szembeállítás matekját elvégezni, és ténylegesen választani azokról a lehengerlő polcokról.
en-hu
So what I want to propose to you today are four simple techniques -- techniques that we have tested in one way or another in different research venues -- that you can easily apply in your businesses.
کەواتە ئەوەی ئەمەوێ ئەمڕۆ پێشنیاری بکەم بۆتان چوار تەکنیکی سادەن -- تەکنیکەکانی بە شێوەیەک لە شێوەکان خۆمان تاقیمان کردووەتەوە لە چەندین توێژینەوەی جیاجیا-- کە بە ئاسانی بەکاری بێنیت لە بزنسەکەی خۆشتدا.
en-ku
The first: Cut.
첫 번째: 줄여라.
en-ko
You've heard it said before, but it's never been more true than today, that less is more.
Já ouviram dizer isto, mas nunca foi tão verdade como hoje, "menos é mais".
en-pt
People are always upset when I say, "Cut."
Mọi người luôn luôn lúng túng khi tôi nói, "cắt giảm"
en-vi
They're always worried they're going to lose shelf space.
Martwi ich mniejsza zawartość półek.
en-pl
But in fact, what we're seeing more and more is that if you are willing to cut, get rid of those extraneous redundant options, well there's an increase in sales, there's a lowering of costs, there is an improvement of the choosing experience.
但事实上,根据我们所观察到的是 当一个人越是愿意 放弃多余的选择, 使得营业额上升, 价格降低, 越是会改善原则的经历。
en-zh-cn
When Proctor & Gamble went from 26 different kinds of Head & Shoulders to 15, they saw an increase in sales by 10 percent.
Amikor a Procter & Gamble lecsökkentette a 26 féle Head & Shoulderst 15-re, 10%-os növekedést tapasztaltak az eladásban.
en-hu
When the Golden Cat Corporation got rid of their 10 worst-selling cat litter products, they saw an increase in profits by 87 percent -- a function of both increase in sales and lowering of costs.
Când Corporația Golden Cat a renunțat la 10 dintre cele mai puţin vândute produse pentru pisici, au văzut o creștere a profiturilor de 87%-- determinată și de creșterea vânzărilor și de scăderea costurilor.
en-ro
You know, the average grocery store today offers you 45,000 products.
Przeciętny sklep spożywczy oferuje 45 tys. produktów.
en-pl
The typical Walmart today offers you 100,000 products.
חנות וולמרט טיפוסית מציעה לכם 100,000 מוצרים.
en-he
But the ninth largest retailer, the ninth biggest retailer in the world today is Aldi, and it offers you only 1,400 products -- one kind of canned tomato sauce.
Mas o 9.º maior retalhista, o 9.º maior retalhista do mundo, na atualidade, é o Aldi, que só oferece 1400 produtos um tipo de molho de tomate enlatado.
en-pt
Now in the financial savings world, I think one of the best examples that has recently come out on how to best manage the choice offerings has actually been something that David Laibson was heavily involved in designing, which was the program that they have at Harvard.
No mundo das poupanças financeiras, um dos melhores exemplos que surgiu recentemente de como gerir bem as ofertas para escolha foi algo em cuja conceção David Laibson esteve fortemente envolvido, que é o programa que têm em Harvard.
en-pt
Every single Harvard employee is now automatically enrolled in a lifecycle fund.
હાર્વર્ડનો દરેક કર્મચારીને જીવનપર્યંતના ફંડનો ફરજીયાતપણે સભ્ય બનાવવામાં આવે છે.
en-gu
For those people who actually want to choose, they're given 20 funds, not 300 or more funds.
Якщо хтось хоче вибирати, то має 20 фондів на вибір, а не 300 чи більше.
en-uk
You know, often, people say, "I don't know how to cut.
Sapete, spesso la gente dice: "Non so come fare dei tagli.
en-it
They're all important choices."
Всичките варианти са важни."
en-bg
And the first thing I do is I ask the employees, "Tell me how these choices are different from one another.
Und das erste was ich die Angestellten frage ist, "Sagen Sie mir, wie die Möglichkeiten sich von einander unterscheiden.
en-de
And if your employees can't tell them apart, neither can your consumers."
Og hvis dine medarbejdere ikke kan skelne dem fra hinanden, så kan dine forbrugere heller ikke."
en-da
Now before we started our session this afternoon, I had a chat with Gary.
Antes de termos começado a nossa sessão desta tarde, eu tive uma conversa com o Gary.
en-pt
And Gary said that he would be willing to offer people in this audience an all-expenses-paid free vacation to the most beautiful road in the world.
و گری گفت که تمایل دارد به اين افراد حاضر در سالن يک سفر تماما رايگان به زیباترین جاده در جهان پیشنهاد دهد.
en-fa
Here's a description of the road.
這是關於這條路的簡介
en-zh-tw
And I'd like you to read it.
E eu gostaria que vocês a lessem.
en-pt-br
And now I'll give you a few seconds to read it and then I want you to clap your hands if you're ready to take Gary up on his offer.
Και τώρα θα σας δώσω μερικά δευτερόλεπτα να το κάνετε και μετά θέλω να χειροκροτήσετε εάν είστε έτοιμοι να αποδεχθείτε την προσφορά του Γκάρι.
en-el
(Light clapping) Okay. Anybody who's ready to take him up on his offer.
(Duartrokitje e lehtë) Në rregull. Kush është gati për të marrë ofertën e tij.
en-sq
Is that all?
đọc xong chứ ?
en-vi
All right, let me show you some more about this.
V poriadku a teraz by som vám k tomu ukázala niečo viac.
en-sk
(Laughter) You guys knew there was a trick, didn't you.
(Risos) Vocês sabiam que aqui havia gato, não sabiam?
en-pt
(Honk) Now who's ready to go on this trip.
(Zatroubení) Teďka, kdo je připravený jet na tento zájezd?
en-cs
(Applause) (Laughter) I think I might have actually heard more hands.
(Applåder) (Skratt) Jag tror faktiskt att jag hörde fler som klappade.
en-sv
Now in fact, you had objectively more information the first time around than the second time around, but I would venture to guess that you felt that it was more real the second time around.
In feite had je objectief gezien meer informatie de eerste keer dan de tweede keer, maar ik durf te gissen dat jullie het de tweede keer realistischer vonden.
en-nl
Because the pictures made it feel more real to you.
Porque a fotografia faz sentir mais real para vocês.
en-pt-br
Which brings me to the second technique for handling the choice overload problem, which is concretization.
וזה מביא אותי לטכניקה השנייה להתמודדות עם בעיית עומס הבחירה, והיא קונקרטיזציה.
en-he