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An app on the smartphone records the heart rate, analyzes it and provides the midwife with a range of information on the status of the baby. | Um aplicativo no smartphone registra a frequência cardíaca, a analisa e fornece à parteira uma gama de informações sobre o estado do bebê. | en-pt-br |
These inventors -- (Applause) are called Aaron Tushabe and Joshua Okello. | Bu mucitlerin isimleri (Alkış) Aaron Tushabe ve Joshua Okello idi. | en-tr |
Another inventor, Tendekayi Katsiga, was working for an NGO in Botswana that manufactured hearing aids. | एक और अविष्कारक , तेंदेकायी कत्सिगा एक बोत्सवाना के नगों जो सुनने के उपकरण का विनिर्मित करता है उसके लिए काम करता था | en-hi |
Now, he noticed that these hearing aids needed batteries that needed replacement, very often at a cost that was not affordable for most of the users that he knew. | 他注意到助聽器需要電池， 需要常常更換電池， 大多數他認識的用戶 承受不了需付的金額。 | en-zh-tw |
In response, and being an engineer, Tendekayi invented a solar-powered battery charger with rechargeable batteries, that could be used in these hearing aids. | 그에 대한 해결책으로 엔지니어였던 덴데이카는 재충전 배터리와 태양열 충전기를 발명하여 보청기에 활용하였습니다. | en-ko |
He cofounded a company called Deaftronics, which now manufactures the Solar Ear, which is a hearing aid powered by his invention. | Cofundó una empresa llamada Deaftronics que ahora fabrica la Oreja Solar, un audífono que funciona con su invento. | en-es |
My colleague, Sudesh Sivarasu, invented a smart glove for people who have suffered from leprosy. | 제 동료인 수데시 시바라수는 한센병 환자들을 위한 스마트 장갑을 발명했습니다. | en-ko |
Even though their disease may have been cured, the resulting nerve damage will have left many of them without a sense of touch in their hands. | Même si leur maladie peut être guérie, les atteintes nerveuses en résultant ont pu laisser nombre d'entre eux sans sens du toucher dans leurs mains. | en-fr |
This puts them at risk of injury. | 促成有受傷的危險。 | en-zh-tw |
The glove has sensors to detect temperature and pressure and warn the user. | В перчатке есть сенсоры, которые определяют температуру и давление и предупреждают об опасности. | en-ru |
It effectively serves as an artificial sense of touch and prevents injury. | وهو بذلك يخدم كحاسّة لمس صنعيّة ويمنع وقوع الأذيّة. | en-ar |
Sudesh invented this glove after observing former leprosy patients as they carried out their day-to-day activities, and he learned about the risks and the hazards in their environment. | Sudesh ဟာ လက်အိတ်ကို မတီထွင်မီ အနာကြီးရောဂါ လူနာတွေရဲ့ ဘဝကို သူတို့ရဲ့ နေ့စဉ်ဘဝကို ဂရုတစိုက် လေ့လာ မှတ်သားခဲ့လျက်၊ သူတို့ရဲ့ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ထဲက အန္တရာယ်များနဲ့ အခြားအနှောင့်အယှက်တွေ လေ့လာခဲ့တယ်။ | en-my |
Now, the inventors that I've mentioned integrated engineering with healthcare. | Những nhà sáng chế mà tôi vừa nói tới đã kết hợp công nghệ với chăm sóc y tế. | en-vi |
This is what biomedical engineers do. | Questo è ciò che fanno gli ingegneri biomedici. | en-it |
At the University of Cape Town, we run a course called Health Innovation and Design. | Aan de universiteit van Kaapstad hebben we het vak Gezondheidsinnovatie en -design. | en-nl |
It's taken by many of our graduate students in biomedical engineering. | Veel postdoctorale studenten in biomedische techniek volgen het. | en-nl |
The aim of the course is to introduce these students to the philosophy of the design world. | Lo scopo del corso è di introdurre questi studenti al mondo della filosofia di progettazione. | en-it |
The students are encouraged to engage with communities as they search for solutions to health-related problems. | Sie werden dazu angeregt, sich in Gemeinschaften einzubringen und dabei nach Lösungen für gesundheitsbezogene Probleme zu suchen. | en-de |
One of the communities that we work with is a group of elderly people in Cape Town. | समस्याओं के लिए।हम जिन समुदायों के साथ काम करते हैं उनमें से बुजुर्ग लोगों का समूह है केप टाउन | en-hi |
A recent class project had the task of addressing hearing loss in these elderly people. | 근래의 프로젝트의 주제는 노인성 난청 문제 해결이었습니다. | en-ko |
The students, many of them being engineers, set out believing that they would design a better hearing aid. | 这些学生，大部分是工程师， 他们很自信自己 会设计出更好的助听器。 | en-zh-cn |
They spent time with the elderly, chatted to their healthcare providers and their caregivers. | 學生們花時間在老年人身上， 並與照顧者及醫療保健提供者討論。 | en-zh-tw |
They soon realized that, actually, adequate hearing aids already existed, but many of the elderly who needed them and had access to them didn't have them. | 學生很快就意識到助聽器早就有了， 許多需要的老年人曾經也接觸過， 但並未擁有它們。 | en-zh-tw |
And many of those who had hearing aids wouldn't wear them. | 보청기를 가지고 있어도 실제로 착용하지 않았습니다. | en-ko |
The students realized that many of these elderly people were in denial of their hearing loss. | Les étudiants ont réalisé que plusieurs personnes âgées étaient dans le déni concernant leur perte auditive. | en-fr |
There's a stigma attached to wearing a hearing aid. | 戴助听器会与耻辱联系到一起。 | en-zh-cn |
They also discovered that the environment in which these elderly people lived did not accommodate their hearing loss. | 學生還發現在居住的環境上， 並未配合老年人衰退聽力的需要。 | en-zh-tw |
For example, their homes and their community center were filled with echoes that interfered with their hearing. | Ví dụ, nhà và trung tâm cộng đồng đầy ắp những tiếng vọng làm cản trở khả năng nghe. | en-vi |
So instead of developing and designing a new and better hearing aid, the students did an audit of the environment, with a view to improving the acoustics. | 學生因此放棄開發 和設計更好的助聽器， 卻對環境進行了檢測， 以期改善聲學效果。 | en-zh-tw |
They also devised a campaign to raise awareness of hearing loss and to counter the stigma attached to wearing a hearing aid. | Ils ont aussi mis au point une campagne pour sensibiliser sur la perte auditive et lutter contre la stigmatisation liée au port d'un appareil auditif. | en-fr |
Now, this often happens when one pays attention to the user -- in this case, the elderly -- and their needs and their context. | İşte bu kullanıcıya odaklandığınızda, ki bu durumda yaşlılar oluyor, onların ihtiyaçlarına ve içeriğe odaklandığınızda oluyor. | en-tr |
One often has to move away from the focus of technology and reformulate the problem. | Часто приходится сместить акцент с технологий и изменить формулировку проблемы. | en-ru |
This approach to understanding a problem through listening and engaging is not new, but it often isn't followed by engineers, who are intent on developing technology. | Der Ansatz, ein Problem durch Zuhören und Einfühlen zu verstehen, ist nicht neu, wird aber oft von den Technikern nicht beachtet, die doch um die Entwicklung von Technologien bemüht sind. | en-de |
One of our students has a background in software engineering. | ကျွန်မတို့ ကျောင်းသားတွေထဲက တစ်ဦးဟာ ဆော့ဝဲ အင်ဂျင်နီယာ နားလည်ခဲ့တယ်။ | en-my |
He had often created products for clients that the client ultimately did not like. | Ele costumava criar produtos que o cliente acabava não gostando. | en-pt-br |
When a client would reject a product, it was common at his company to proclaim that the client just didn't know what they wanted. | عندما يرغب زبونٌ ما برفض منتج، فإنّه من الشائع في شركته أن يدّعوا أن الزبون لم يكن يعرف تماماً ما الذي طلبوه. | en-ar |
Having completed the course, the student fed back to us that he now realized that it was he who hadn't understood what the client wanted. | Nu hij de lessen heeft gevolgd, zegt de student ons dat hij zich nu realiseert dat híj niet wist, wat de klant wilde. | en-nl |
Another student gave us feedback that she had learned to design with empathy, as opposed to designing for functionality, which is what her engineering education had taught her. | 別の学生のフィードバックによると 彼女が学んだのは 共感をもとにデザインすることで それは彼女が工学教育で教えられたように 機能からデザインするのとは 対照的だということです | en-ja |
So what all of this illustrates is that we're often blinded to real needs in our pursuit of technology. | Tout cela illustre que nous sommes souvent aveugles aux besoins réels lors de notre quête de technologie. | en-fr |
But we need technology. | でもテクノロジーは必要です | en-ja |
We need hearing aids. We need fetal heart rate monitors. | 보청기, 태아 심박수 모니터가 필요합니다. | en-ko |
So how do we create more medical device success stories from Africa? | Hoe komen we tot meer succesverhalen voor medische apparatuur in Afrika? | en-nl |
How do we create more inventors, rather than relying on a few exceptional individuals who are able to perceive real needs and respond in ways that work? | Làm thế nào tạo ra nhiều nhà sáng chế, thay vì phụ thuộc vào vài cá nhân đặc biệt có thể nhìn thấy được nhu cầu thật sự và đáp lại một cách phù hợp? | en-vi |
Well, we focus on needs and people and context. | Bueno, fijándonos en las necesidades, en la gente y en el contexto. | en-es |
"But this is obvious," you might say, "Of course context is important." | "Ligt voor de hand", zeg je misschien, "Natuurlijk is context belangrijk." | en-nl |
But Africa is a diverse continent, with vast disparities in health and wealth and income and education. | ဒါပေမဲ့ အာဖရိကဟာ မတူကွဲပြားမှုတိုက်ကြီးပါ။ ကျန်းမာရေးနဲ့ ချမ်းသာမှုအရ၊ ဝင်ငွေနဲ့ ပညာရေးအရ အကြီးအကျယ် ကွာခြားပါတယ်။ | en-my |
If we assume that our engineers and inventors already know enough about the different African contexts to be able to solve the problems of our different communities and our most marginalized communities, then we might get it wrong. | ကျွန်မတို့ အင်ဂျင်နီယာများနဲ့ တီထွင်ရှင် များဟာ အသိုင်းအဝိုင်း အမျိုးမျိုးနဲ့ ဆင်းရဲကြတဲ့ လူတန်းစားတွေရဲ့ လိုအပ်ချက်တွေ အားလုံးကို လုံလောက် ကောင်းမွန်စွာ နားလည်နေကြလို့ သူတို့ရဲ့ ပြဿနာတွေကို ဖြေရှင်းနိုင်စွမ်းရှိတယ်လို့ ကျွန်မတို့က ထင်မြင်ယူဆနေကြမယ်ဆိုရင်တော့ ကျွန်မတို့ မှားတဲ့ နေရာကို ရောက်သွားနိုင်ကြပါတယ်။ | en-my |
But then, if we on the African continent don't necessarily know enough about it, then perhaps anybody with the right level of skill and commitment could fly in, spend some time listening and engaging and fly out knowing enough to invent for Africa. | Pero luego si nosotros, que estamos en África, no la conocemos necesariamente tan bien, entonces alguien con el nivel adecuado de habilidad y compromiso podría venir, pasar un tiempo escuchando y entendiendo, y luego irse, sabiendo lo suficiente como para inventar para África. | en-es |
But understanding context is not about a superficial interaction. | အခြေအနေကို သိနားလည်မှု ဆိုတာဟာ အပေါ်ယံသဘော လုပ်ဆောင်မှု မဟုတ်နိုင်ပါ။ | en-my |
It's about deep engagement and an immersion in the realities and the complexities of our context. | mà là sự ràng buộc sâu sắc, và sự dấn thân vào thực tại và sự phức tạp của bối cảnh. | en-vi |
And we in Africa are already immersed. | 아프리카는 이미 몰두하고 있습니다. | en-ko |
We already have a strong and rich base of knowledge from which to start finding solutions to our own problems. | Abbiamo già una base forte e ricca di conoscenza da cui iniziare a trovare soluzioni ai nostri problemi. | en-it |
So let's not rely too much on others when we live on a continent that is filled with untapped talent. | 所以，我们不需要过分依赖他人， 特别是当我们正身处一个 拥有众多潜力人才的陆地上。 | en-zh-cn |
Lauren Hodge: If you were going to a restaurant and wanted a healthier option, which would you choose, grilled or fried chicken? | Lauren Hodge: Als je in een restaurant de gezondere optie wilde, wat zou je dan kiezen: gegrilde of gefrituurde kip? | en-nl |
Now most people would answer grilled, and it's true that grilled chicken does contain less fat and fewer calories. | 多くの人はグリルチキンと答えるでしょう グリルチキンの方が脂肪が少なく カロリーが低いですものね | en-ja |
However, grilled chicken poses a hidden danger. | でもグリルチキンには隠れた危険性があるのです | en-ja |
The hidden danger is heterocyclic amines -- specifically phenomethylimidazopyridine, or PhIP -- (laughter) which is the immunogenic or carcinogenic compound. | 그 숨겨진 위험은 헤테로사이클릭 아민 류인데요 구체적으로는 phenomethylimidazopyridine 또는 PhlP라고 합니다 (웃음) 면역상 문제나 암을 유발하는 화합물입니다. | en-ko |
A carcinogen is any substance or agent that causes abnormal growth of cells, which can also cause them to metastasize or spread. | المادة المسرطنة هي أي مادة أو عامل ,يسبب نمو غير طبيعي للخلايا .و يجعلها كذلك تنتشر وتنتقل إلى أماكن آخرى | en-ar |
They are also organic compounds in which one or more of the hydrogens in ammonia is replaced with a more complex group. | 它们也是有机物 氨中的一个或多个氢 被替换成更复杂的组成 | en-zh-cn |
Studies show that antioxidants are known to decrease these heterocyclic amines. | 研究顯示抗氧化物 會減少這些雜環胺的形成。 | en-zh-tw |
However, no studies exist yet that show how or why. | Cependant, aucune étude n’existe qui montre comment et pourquoi. | en-fr |
These here are five different organizations that classify carcinogens. | .هذه خمس منظمات مختلفة تصنف المواد المسرطنة | en-ar |
And as you can see, none of the organizations consider the compounds to be safe, which justifies the need to decrease them in our diet. | 你們可以看到，沒有任何組織把這些致癌物歸為安全， 也就是為什麼我們在日常飲食中要減少其攝取量。 | en-zh-tw |
Now you might wonder how a 13 year-old girl could come up with this idea. | 아마 여러분들은 어떻게 13살짜리 여자애가 이런 생각을 하게 되었는지 궁금하실텐데요. | en-ko |
And I was led to it through a series of events. | Ich kam durch eine Reihe von Ereignissen hierhin. | en-de |
I first learned about it through a lawsuit I read about in my doctor's office -- (Laughter) which was between the Physician's Committee for Responsible Medicine and seven different fast food restaurants. | Zuerst las ich darüber in einer Klage bei einem Arztbesuch. (Lachen) Die zwischen dem Ärztekomitee für verantwortungsvolle Medizin und sieben Fastfood-Restaurants stattfand. | en-de |
They weren't sued because there was carcinogens in the chicken, but they were sued because of California's Proposition 65, which stated that if there's anything dangerous in the products then the companies had to give a clear warning. | Дело было возбуждено не потому, что в курице были канцерогены, а по закону 65 штата Калифорния, в котором говорится, что компании должны чётко предупреждать, если в пищевых продуктах содержится что-то опасное. | en-ru |
So I was very surprised about this. | אז הייתי מאוד מופתעת מזה. | en-he |
And I was wondering why nobody knew more about this dangerous grilled chicken, which doesn't seem very harmful. | Và tôi đã tự hỏi tại sao không ai biết nhiều hơn về loại gà nướng nguy hiểm mà có vẻ như là vô hại này. | en-vi |
But then one night, my mom was cooking grilled chicken for dinner, and I noticed that the edges of the chicken, which had been marinated in lemon juice, turned white. | Pero una noche, mamá estaba preparando pollo asado para la cena y noté que los bordes del pollo, adobados con jugo de limón, se pusieron blancos. | en-es |
And later in biology class, I learned that it's due to a process called denaturing, which is where the proteins will change shape and lose their ability to chemically function. | 後來在生物課上，我學到這叫做蛋白質變性， 也就是說蛋白質的形狀改變 及失去了它們原本的化學性質。 | en-zh-tw |
So I combined these two ideas and I formulated a hypothesis, saying that, could possibly the carcinogens be decreased due to a marinade and could it be due to the differences in PH? | Aşa că am combinat aceste două idei şi am formulat o ipoteză, spunând că, ar fi posibil ca agenţii carcinogeni să fi scăzut ca urmare a procesului de marinare sau ca urmare a diferenţelor de Ph? | en-ro |
So my idea was born, and I had the project set up and a hypothesis, so what was my next step? | Então minha ideia havia nascido, tinha o projeto pronto e uma hipótese, então qual era o próximo passo? | en-pt-br |
Well obviously I had to find a lab to work at because I didn't have the equipment in my school. | Pa očito sam trebala pronaći laboratorij u kojem bih radila jer nisam imala opremu u svojoj školi. | en-hr |
I thought this would be easy, but I emailed about 200 different people within a five-hour radius of where I lived, and I got one positive response that said that they could work with me. | Am crezut că acest lucru va fi uşor, dar am trimis e-mailuri la vreo 200 de persoane diferite aflate pe o rază de cinci ore faţă de unde locuiam, şi am primit un singur răspuns pozitiv, care spunea că ei ar putea lucra cu mine. | en-ro |
Most of the others either never responded back, said they didn't have the time or didn't have the equipment and couldn't help me. | Restul, fie că nu mi-au răspuns niciodată, fie mi-au spus că nu au timp, sau că nu au aparatura necesară şi că nu mă pot ajuta. | en-ro |
So it was a big commitment to drive to the lab to work multiple times. | 所以说，这是一个很重的承诺 要多次开车去实验室开展实验 | en-zh-cn |
However, it was a great opportunity to work in a real lab -- so I could finally start my project. | 하지만 진짜 실험실에서 작업해 보는 것은 훌륭한 기회였습니다 결국에는 저는 제 프로젝트를 실행할 수 있었습니다. | en-ko |
The first stage was completed at home, which consisted of marinating the chicken, grilling the chicken, amassing it and preparing it to be transported to the lab. | 第一段階は家で行い チキンをマリネにし グリルしたものをため込んで 研究施設に持って行く準備をしました | en-ja |
The second stage was completed at the Penn State University main campus lab, which is where I extracted the chemicals, changed the PH so I could run it through the equipment and separated the compounds I needed from the rest of the chicken. | Drugu fazu sam završila u laboratoriji glavnog odeljenja Pen Univerziteta, tamo sam izolovala hemikalije, menjala pH vrednost kako bih mogla da koristim opremu i odvojila sam jedinjenja koja su mi bila potrebna iz ostatka piletine. | en-sr |
The final stages, when I ran the samples through a high-pressure liquid chromatography mass spectrometer, which separated the compounds and analyzed the chemicals and told me exactly how much carcinogens I had in my chicken. | Nas etapas finais, passei as amostras através de um espectrómetro de massa de cromatografia líquida de alta pressão, que separou os compostos e analisou os químicos e me disse exatamente qual a quantidade de carcinogéneos que tinha no meu frango. | en-pt |
So when I went through the data, I had very surprising results, because I found that four out of the five marinating ingredients actually inhibited the carcinogen formation. | Když jsem si prošla data, došla jsem k velice překvapivému výsledku, protože jsem zjistila, že 4 z 5 ingrediencí marinády skutečně omezili vznik karcinogenů. | en-cs |
When compared with the unmarinated chicken, which is what I used as my control, I found that lemon juice worked by far the best, which decreased the carcinogens by about 98 percent. | وقتی اون رو با مرغ خیسونده نشده مقایسه کردم که چیزی بود که به عنوان کنترل دقت از اون استفاده کردم پی بردم که آب لیمو با اختلاف زیاد بهتر از بقیه بود که مواد سرطان زا رو تا حدود 98 درصد کاهش داد | en-fa |
The saltwater marinade and the brown sugar marinade also worked very well, decreasing the carcinogens by about 60 percent. | تتبيلة الماء المالح وتتبيلة السكر البني ,عملت بشكل جيد جداً كذلك .حيث قللت من نسبة المواد المسرطنة بنسبة 60 بالمئة | en-ar |
Olive oil slightly decreased the PhIP formation, but it was nearly negligible. | روغن زیتون تشکیل پی اچ آی پی رو اندکی کاهش داد ولی تقریبا قابل صرف نظر کردن بود | en-fa |
And the soy sauce results were inconclusive because of the large data range, but it seems like soy sauce actually increased the potential carcinogens. | Wyniki odnośnie sosu sojowego były nierozstrzygające, z uwagi na duże rozbieżności w danych, ale wygląda na to, że sos sojowy lekko zwiększył ilość kancerogenów. | en-pl |
Another important factor that I didn't take into account initially was the time cooked. | 제가 처음에 고려하지 않았던 중요한 요인은 조리 시간입니다. | en-ko |
And I found that if you increase the time cooked, the amount of carcinogens rapidly increases. | A zjistila jsem, že pokud zvýšíte dobu vaření, množství karcinogenů rapidně vzroste. | en-cs |
So the best way to marinate chicken, based on this, is to, not under-cook, but definitely don't over-cook and char the chicken, and marinate in either lemon juice, brown sugar or saltwater. | De beste manier om kip te marineren, is dus de kip niet te weinig maar zeker ook niet te lang te bakken en ze zeker niet te laten aanbranden, evenals ze te marineren in hetzij citroensap, bruine suiker of zoutwater. | en-nl |
(Applause) Based on these findings, I have a question for you. | (拍手) この発見について皆さんに質問があります | en-ja |
Would you be willing to make a simple change in your diet that could potentially save your life? | האם תהיו מוכנים לעשות שינוי פשוט בדיאטה שלכם שיכול אולי להציל את חייכם? | en-he |
Now I'm not saying that if you eat grilled chicken that's not marinated, you're definitely going to catch cancer and die. | Ja ne kažem da ćete sigurno oboleti od raka i umreti ukoliko jedete piletinu na žaru koja nije marinirana. | en-sr |
However, anything you can do to decrease the risk of potential carcinogens can definitely increase the quality of lifestyle. | Ale wszystko co możecie zrobić, by zmniejszyć ryzyko ewentualnych kancerogenów, może zdecydowanie polepszyć jakość życia. | en-pl |
Is it worth it to you? | האם זה שווה לכם? | en-he |
How will you cook your chicken now? | 자 이제 여러분은 닭고기를 어떻게 요리하시겠어요? | en-ko |
(Applause) Shree Bose: Hi everyone. I'm Shree Bose. | (Aplausos) Shree Bose: Hola a todos. | en-es |
I was the 17-18 year-old age category winner and then the grand prize winner. | Ben Shree Bose. Kategori ödülünü ve sonrasında büyük ödülü aldığımda 17-18 yaşındaydım. | en-tr |
And I want all of you to imagine a little girl holding a dead blue spinach plant. | Wyobraźcie sobie małą dziewczynkę trzymającą niebieski szpinak. | en-pl |
And she's standing in front of you and she's explaining to you that little kids will eat their vegetables if they're different colors. | Elle se tient devant vous et elle vous explique que les enfants mangeraient les légumes s’ils étaient de couleurs différentes. | en-fr |
Sounds ridiculous, right. | Kulağa saçma geliyor değil mi? | en-tr |
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