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This is an image from a little holiday we invented called "World Kitchen Garden Day." | Это фото праздника, который мы придумали, под названием Всемирный день огорода. | en-ru |
It's at the end of August each year, and it's just about bringing people together in gardens to learn from one another, to experience a garden as a community experience. | Es a finales de agosto cada año, y se trata de juntar gente en los jardines para aprender unos de otros, para hacer del jardín una experiencia comunitaria. | en-es |
We also need to grow the next generation of gardeners, and we're doing that in the United States and abroad. | Gelecek neslin bahçıvanlarını da yetiştirmemiz gerekiyor. Bunu, ABD'de ve diğer ülkelerde gerçekleştiriyoruz. | en-tr |
But there's still so much more that needs to be done, and I think this slide sort of captures where we need to go. | 하지만 여전히 해야 할 일이 많습니다. 이 슬라이드가 우리가 하려는 걸 보여주는데요. | en-ko |
We need a road map, and I picked this slide for a reason. | 道路地図が必要です ある理由で このスライドを選びました | en-ja |
We've got a bike garden on the left and a map of the Netherlands on the right. | Chúng tôi có vườn xe đạp, bên trái bản đồ Hà Lan bên phải | en-vi |
I was in the Netherlands early this year and was absolutely amazed by the amount of bikes on the road; 26 percent of all trips taken in the Netherlands are by bicycle, and it's gotten me thinking: How do we get that happening in terms of food and gardens? | قصدتُ (هولندا) في مطلع هذا العام وكنت مندهشًا للغاية من وجود هذا العدد من الدراجات على قارعة الطريق؛ 26% من الرحلات في (هولندا) تُقطع بواسطة الدراجات، وجعلني هذا أفكر: كيف نطبّق ذلك في مجال الغذاء والحدائق؟ | en-ar |
How would we get 26 percent of all produce coming from backyard gardens? | 어떻게 하면 식료품의 26%가 우리 뒷 정원에서 생산될 수 있을까? | en-ko |
That might sound like a lot, because we're probably at about two percent at the most right now. | Звучит масштабно, поскольку сейчас мы получаем не более 2%. | en-ru |
But if you take into consideration that at the peak of the victory garden movement last century, 40 percent of all produce was coming from gardens. | Ama geçen yüzyılın bahçe hareketi zaferinin zirve noktasını hatırlarsak tüm ürünlerin %40'ı bahçelerden geliyordu. | en-tr |
We can get there again. | Podemos llegar a eso otra vez. | en-es |
And I think this is a really good start. | Y creo que este es un buen comienzo. | en-es |
The White House garden is certainly very inspirational. | حديقة (البيت الأبيض) كانت بالتأكيد ملهمة للغاية. | en-ar |
That's actually sort of a snapshot of what the garden looked like when it was planted earlier this spring -- lots of diversity, lots of healthy crops. | Questa è un'istantanea dell'orto quando è stato piantato a inizio primavera -- molta diversità, molte colture sane. | en-it |
However, this is not a good representation of our federal agriculture policy. | Yine de bu, bizim federal tarım politikamızın iyi bir sunumu değil. | en-tr |
(Laughter) If we were to take the model here, the diagram of that particular garden, and sort of transpose it onto our federal agriculture policy, we'd get this: billions of billions of dollars going to support just a handful of commodity crops with just that tiny little bit at the top for fruits and vegetables. | （笑聲） 如果我們能把這裡的模型， 這個特定菜園的示意圖， 把它調換到我們的聯邦農業政策中， 我們就會得到這個： 數十億的金錢去支持 一小撮經濟作物， 只有最上面的一點點是 分給食物和蔬菜的。 | en-zh-tw |
This is scandalous. This is scandalous. | C'est un scandale. | en-fr |
We need to do something about this. | Ta cần làm gì với nó. | en-vi |
I think one place we could start is we could look at the tax code. | Eu acho que um começo é olharmos a legislação de impostos. | en-pt-br |
We're already using the tax code to encourage green transport and green shelter. | 我們已經在用稅法來鼓勵綠色交通 及綠色房屋。 | en-zh-tw |
Why not green food? | А чистые продукты? | en-ru |
We're in the midst now of talking about another stimulus package. | On est en plein milieu des discussions budgétaires. | en-fr |
Why not a garden stimulus package? | ¿Por qué no un paquete jardinero de estímulos? | en-es |
(Applause) In terms of other things that we need to be doing, we need to move down to the local level and we need to make sure that gardens are legal. | (Alkışlar) Yapmamız gereken diğer şeylerse şunlar: Yerel seviyeye inmemiz gerek ve bahçelerin yasal olduğundan emin olmalıyız. | en-tr |
This is an illegal garden. At least it was. | 家庭菜園は非合法でした 少なくとも以前は | en-ja |
It's from Michigan earlier this year. | Bu yılın başlarında Michigan'dan. | en-tr |
It was planted by a woman, a mother of four, and she nearly faced a 93-day jail sentence because she planted it in her front yard. | 由一位四个孩子的妈妈种植的菜园。 因为在前院栽种， 她差点面临 93 天的监禁。 | en-zh-cn |
We still have laws from the 20th century. | ما زلنا نطبق قوانين من القرن الـ20. | en-ar |
We need to bring our codes up to the realities that we are facing now. | علينا أن نصدر قوانين تواكب الواقع الذي نعيشه. | en-ar |
We need to figure out also new ways of getting people into gardens, people who don't have yards. | También necesitamos encontrar nuevas formas de acercar gente a los jardines, gente que no tiene patios. | en-es |
I think we also need to set garden entrepreneurism free, and I'm happy to say, as a Mainer, that we are leading the way in this area. | أظن أنه علينا إطلاق ريادة أعمال الحدائق، ويسعدني القول بصفتي من ولاية (مين)، أننا تولينا دورًا قياديًا في هذا المجال. | en-ar |
Earlier this year, a number of Maine towns passed local food sovereignty laws that allow town residents to not only grow food where they want to grow it but to also sell it the way they want to sell it and to the people they want to sell it to. | في بداية هذا العام، قامت مجموعة من مدن (مين) بتمرير قوانين سيادة الغذاء المحلي التي لا تسمح لقاطني المدن بزراعة الغذاء فقط في المكان الذي يريدونه بل أيضًا تسمح ببيعه بالطريقة التي يريدونها للأشخاص الذين يرغبون بالبيع لهم. | en-ar |
I think that's an incentive. | Eu acho que isso é um incentivo. | en-pt-br |
There are a lot of gardeners out there that would be interested in scaling up their production if they could, if they had a financial incentive. | Có rất nhiều nhà làm vườn ngoài kia. rất hứng thú với việc mở rộng sản xuất nếu họ có khuyến khích tài chính. | en-vi |
I also think that we need to examine the composition of the movement right now. | أعتقد أيضًا أننا نحتاج لدراسة تشكيل الحركة الآن. | en-ar |
(Laughter) If the movement were a 1960s beach flick, it would be "Where The Boys Aren't." | (Risos) Se o movimento fosse um evento de praia dos anos 60, seria "Onde Não Estão os Rapazes? | en-pt |
(Laughter) So I'm going to take you to task, guys. | (ضحك) سوف أكلفكم بمهمة يا رفاق. | en-ar |
It's not right and it's not fair that the burden of this responsibility -- feeding our country and the world -- should be with the women. | この国や世界に 食料を供給する重荷を 女性だけに背負わせることは 正義でも 公平でもありません | en-ja |
(Applause) And I'm going to challenge the women to come up with really clever, creative ways of getting guys into the gardens, too. | (Vỗ tay) Tôi sẽ thách thức phụ nữ tìm ra cách thông minh sáng tạo để các anh cũng vào vườn. | en-vi |
(Laughter) Perhaps wearing a bathing suit? | (Risate) Forse indossando un costume da bagno? | en-it |
(Laughter) But beyond that, I think we need to reexamine the infrastructure that we have in place for gardens. | （笑） でもそれ以上に 庭用のインフラの見直しも 必要だと思います | en-ja |
I think we need to create new infrastructure. | Nous devons en créer une nouvelle. | en-fr |
And this is one of the things my organization is working on right now, sort of a local communications infrastructure, very place-based, that allows people in the same area to connect with one another and to help each other out. | 이것이 우리 조직에서 현재 하고 있는 작업이에요. 장소를 기반으로 한 지역 소통 기반시설이죠. 같은 지역 사람들이 서로 연결될 수 있고 서로 도울 수 있도록요. | en-ko |
I think we're lacking this at the moment -- (Laughter) but we can do it. | Je pense que c'est ce qui manque pour l'instant. (Rires) Mais on va y arriver. | en-fr |
The technology is certainly there. | 技術上絕對沒問題。 | en-zh-tw |
In addition to that, I think we need another type of infrastructure. | Para além disso, penso que precisamos de outro tipo de infraestruturas. | en-pt |
It would be good if we could all get together. | Ce serait bien de tout réunir. | en-fr |
I think if we've learned anything through the TED experience, it's that there is power when we bring people together, and I think we need to bring people together at the local level as well. | Si j'ai appris une chose grâce à TED, c'est qu'on a le pouvoir en rapprochant les gens. On doit le faire au niveau local aussi. | en-fr |
And I think we can take some inspiration from a previous movement, which was the grange movement, a rural movement which brought farmers together in a single building to meet and to recreate and learn how to become better farmers. | Y creo que podemos inspirarnos de un movimiento previo, el movimiento de la granja, un movimiento que unió granjeros en un solo edificio para recrear y aprender a volverse mejores granjeros. | en-es |
I think we need a network of suburban granges now. | أظن أننا بحاجة لإيجاد شبكة للمزارعين في الضواحي. | en-ar |
I think one of the last things that we need is to not lose the fun of food. | И ещё она необходимая в нашем деле вещь — это не потерять удовольствие от еды. | en-ru |
Food is at its best when it's delicious but shared as part of a community, and I think that gardens can get some of that community vibe back as well. | Вкусная еда хороша, но когда делишься с другом, она вкусна вдвойне. И я думаю, что сады призваны вернуть магию совместной трапезы. | en-ru |
So I'm going to leave with one last video, and I'm going to revisit the short video that I showed you before, but I'm going to suggest an alternative ending. | Tôi sẽ đi sau khi cho bạn xem video cuối tôi sẽ ghé lại video ngắn ban nãy nhưng tôi sẽ gợi ý 1 kết thúc khác. | en-vi |
And I think this ending is well within our reach, but it's really going to require that we all pull together. | E acredito que esse final está ao nosso alcance, mas vai exigir que trabalhemos juntos. | en-pt-br |
So here's the new history of gastronomy. | 这将是美食学历史的新篇章。 | en-zh-cn |
("Also sprach Zarathustra" plays) (Applause) (Applause and cheers) Thank you very much. Thank you all. Thank you. | （《查拉圖斯特拉如是說 2（續集）》） （掌聲） （掌聲與歡呼） 非常謝謝。謝謝大家，謝謝你們。 | en-zh-tw |
"Will the blight end the chestnut? | "Será que o cancro vai dar cabo do castanheiro? | en-pt |
The farmers rather guess not. | ชาวนาสงสัยว่าจะไม่ | en-th |
It keeps smouldering at the roots And sending up new shoots Till another parasite Shall come to end the blight." | Nó cứ âm ỉ ở gốc cây. và làm đâm chồi mới cho tới khi một loại ký sinh khác đến và tận diệt bệnh tàn rụi." | en-vi |
At the beginning of the 20th century, the eastern American chestnut population, counting nearly four billion trees, was completely decimated by a fungal infection. | На початку 20 століття на сході, популяцію американського каштана, яка становила 4 мільярди дерев, повністю винищила грибкова інфекція. | en-uk |
Fungi are the most destructive pathogens of plants, including crops of major economic importance. | Грибки - шкідники, які найбільше руйнують рослини, серед яких культури, важливі для економіки. | en-uk |
Can you imagine that today, crop losses associated with fungal infection are estimated at billions of dollars per year, worldwide? | 真菌感染症による 農作物の損失は 世界で年に 数十億ドル規模にもなるなんて 想像できますか？ | en-ja |
That represents enough food calories to feed half a billion people. | Det motsvarar tillräckligt med kalorier för att föda en halv miljard människor. | en-sv |
And this leads to severe repercussions, including episodes of famine in developing countries, large reduction of income for farmers and distributors, high prices for consumers and risk of exposure to mycotoxin, poison produced by fungi. | И това води до тежки последици, в това число периоди на глад в развиващи се страни, голям спад в приходите на фермери и дистрибутори, високи цени за потребителите и опасност от излагане на микотоксин, отрова, произвеждана от гъбите. | en-bg |
The problems that we face is that the current method used to prevent and treat those dreadful diseases, such as genetic control, exploiting natural sources of resistance, crop rotation or seed treatment, among others, are still limited or ephemeral. | Проблема в том, что имеющиеся методы для предотвращения и лечения этих страшных болезней, например, воздействие на гены для повышения естественного иммунитета, севооборот или лечебный посев и другие, все ещё очень ограничены или недолговечны. | en-ru |
They have to be constantly renewed. | Muszą być stale odnawiane. | en-pl |
Therefore, we urgently need to develop more efficient strategies and for this, research is required to identify biological mechanisms that can be targeted by novel antifungal treatments. | מכאן, אנחנו צריכים בדחיפות לפתח אסטרטגיות יעילות יותר ובשביל זה, צריך שהמחקר יזהה מנגנונים ביולוגיים שיכולים להוות מטרה לטיפולים אנטי-פטרייתיים חדשים. | en-he |
One feature of fungi is that they cannot move and only grow by extension to form a sophisticated network, the mycelium. | Küf mantarının bir özelliği hareket edememesidir, sadece yayılarak, miselyum adlı karmaşık bir ağ oluşturarak gelişebiliyor. | en-tr |
In 1884, Anton de Bary, the father of plant pathology, was the first to presume that fungi are guided by signals sent out from the host plant, meaning a plant upon which it can lodge and subsist, so signals act as a lighthouse for fungi to locate, grow toward, reach and finally invade and colonize a plant. | ၁၈၈၄ မှာ အပင် ရောဂါဗေဒရဲ့ ဖခင်ကြီး Anton de Bary ကနေပြီး မှိုတွေကို အိမ်ရှင် အပင်ထံမှ ပို့လွှတ်တဲ့ အချက်ပြမှု တွေက လမ်းညွှန်ပေးတယ်လို့ ပထမဆုံး ထင်မြင်ယူဆခဲ့ပါတယ်၊ ဆိုလိုတာက မှီခို ရှင်သန် နေထိုင်နိုင်မယ့် အပင် တစ်ပင်မှနေပြီး၊ မှိုတွေအနေနဲ့ နေရာချဖို့၊ ရှေ့ဆက်ထွားဖို့၊ အပင်ဆီကို ရောက်ရှိဖို့နဲ့ နောက်ဆုံး ချင်းနင်းကာ သိ... | en-my |
He knew that the identification of such signals would unlock a great knowledge that then serves to elaborate strategy to block the interaction between the fungus and the plant. | 그는 이러한 신호 인지에 대한 사실을 깨달았고 이는 곰팡이와 숙주 식물 사이의 상호 작용을 차단할 수 있는 정교한 전략을 풀어낼 수 있는 위대한 발견이었습니다. | en-ko |
However, the lack of an appropriate method at that moment prevented him from identifying this mechanism at the molecular level. | لكن الافتقار للطريقة الملائمة آنذاك منعه من تعريف هذه الطريقة على المستوى الجزيئي. | en-ar |
Using purification and mutational genomic approaches, as well as a technique allowing the measurement of directed hyphal growth, today I'm glad to tell you that after 130 years, my former team and I could finally identify such plant signals by studying the interaction between a pathogenic fungus called Fusarium oxyspor... | Usando a abordagem da purificação e da genómica mutacional, assim como uma técnica que permite medir o crescimento direto das hifas, tenho o prazer de vos dizer hoje que, ao fim de 130 anos, a minha antiga equipa e eu conseguimos identificar finalmente esses sinais das plantas estudando a interação entre um fungo patog... | en-pt |
As well, we could characterize the fungal receptor receiving those signals and part of the underlying reaction occurring within the fungus and leading to its direct growth toward the plant. | Likaså kunde vi karaktärisera svampens receptor som mottar signalerna och delar av den underliggande responsen som sker inne i svampen. och leder till dess växt mot plantan | en-sv |
(Applause) The understanding of such molecular processes offers a panel of potential molecules that can be used to create novel antifungal treatments. | そのような 分子過程の理解は 新しい防かび法を 生み出すのに使いうる 様々な分子を 教えてくれます | en-ja |
And those treatments would disrupt the interaction between the fungus and the plant either by blocking the plant signal or the fungal reception system which receives those signals. | هەروەها یەکخستنی ئەو چارەسەرانەی پێویستە لە کارلێککردنی نێوان کەڕوو لەگەڵ ڕووەک لە ڕێگەی ڕێگەگرتن لە نیشاندەری ڕووەکەکان یان لە رێگەی لەکارخستنی سیستەمی پێشوازی کەڕووەکان، کە نیشاندەری ڕووەکاکن وەردەگرن. | en-ku |
Fungal infections have devastated agriculture crops. | Infecções fúngicas têm devastado o cultivo agrícola. | en-pt-br |
Moreover, we are now in an era where the demand of crop production is increasing significantly. | בנוסף לכך, אנחנו עכשיו בעידן שהביקוש לייצור חקלאי גודל באופן משמעותי. | en-he |
And this is due to population growth, economic development, climate change and demand for bio fuels. | Isso deve-se ao aumento da população, ao desenvolvimento económico, à alteração climática e à procura de biocombustíveis. | en-pt |
Our understanding of the molecular mechanism of interaction between a fungus and its host plant, such as the tomato plant, potentially represents a major step towards developing more efficient strategy to combat plant fungal diseases and therefore solving of problems that affect people's lives, food security and econom... | إن فهمنا للآلية الجزيئية للتفاعل بين الفطر ونباته المستضيف، مثل نبات الطماطم، من الممكن أن يمثّل خطوة كبيرة نحو تطوير استراتيجية أكثر فعالية لمحاربة أمراض النبات الفطرية وبهذا تحل مشاكل تؤثر على حياة الناس، والأمن الغذائي والنمو الاقتصادي. | en-ar |
I hope you're all healthy, and I hope we will all remain healthy for the indefinite future. | Spero siate tutti in buona salute, e spero che rimarrete in salute per molto tempo. | en-it |
But that hope is a little bit unrealistic, and so I've got a second back-up hope. | إلا أن هذا الأمل غير واقعي بعض الشئ، ولذا لدي أمل ثانٍ احتياطي. | en-ar |
The second back-up hope is that, insofar as we have health problems, we will have good medicines to take care of them. | الأمل الاحتياطي الثاني هو أن تتوفر الأدوية الجيدة، على قدر ما لدينا من مشاكل صحية، لتتولى أمرها | en-ar |
Medicines are very cheap to produce and they're very effective -- much more pleasant, actually, than the alternatives: hospitalization, operations, emergency rooms, the morgue ... | 藥物的生產很便宜， 且它們非常有效—— 也比其它替代方案更討喜許多： 住院、手術、急診室、停屍間…… | en-zh-tw |
None of these are good things. | هیچ کدام از اینها چیزهای خوبی نیستند. | en-fa |
So we should be very grateful that we have pharmacologists around, people who research these things and develop new medicines. | אז, עלינו להיות אסירי תודה על קיום הפרמקולוגים, אנשים שחוקרים את הדברים האלה ומפתחים את התרופות החדשות. | en-he |
And we should be grateful that we have a pharmaceutical industry that supports their activities. | Devemos agradecer à indústria farmacêutica que apoia as atividades deles. | en-pt-br |
But there is a problem, and you can tell from the fact that the pharmaceutical industry isn't well-loved. | اما یک مشکل وجود دارد و میتوان گفت که در عمل، صنعت داروسازی محبوب نیست. | en-fa |
In fact, in terms of popularity, they rank just about with the tobacco companies and the arms manufacturers. | Popülarite açısından ilaç sektörü, sigara ve silah şirketleriyle atbaşı gidiyor. | en-tr |
So that's the problem I want to talk with you about today. | É isso que quero discutir com vocês. | en-pt-br |
How would you organize the pharmaceutical industry? | 你会如何组织制药业？ | en-zh-cn |
If we did it all over again, how would you do it? | إذا فعلناها من جديد، كيف ستفعلونها؟ | en-ar |
I think we would think of three main principles. | Je pense que nous réfléchirions à trois principes de base. | en-fr |
The first one is: we want patients to have access to all the important medicines. | 第一个是： 我们想要病人能够获得 所有重要的药物。 | en-zh-cn |
Remember, these things are very cheap to produce. | זכרו, הדברים האלה מאוד זולים לייצור. | en-he |
So everybody in the world should have access to all the important medicines. | 所以世界上的每個人都應該要能夠 取得所有重要的藥物。 | en-zh-tw |
Secondly, we want innovative activities, the research and development that pharmaceutical companies do, to track the diseases that are the most important, the most damaging. | 第二：我們希望藥廠所做的活動、 研究，和開發，都能夠有所創新， 以追蹤最重要、傷害最大的疾病。 | en-zh-tw |
We want them to aim for the greatest health impact. | Bunların, en büyük sağlık etkisini hedeflemesini istiyoruz. | en-tr |
And thirdly, we want the whole system to be efficient. | 셋째로 효율적인 기반을 잡을 것입니다. | en-ko |
We want as little of the money that goes into the system to go to waste, to go for overhead, for red tape, and so on and so forth. | Vogliamo che pochissimo denaro del sistema venga sprecato in spese, in burocrazia e così via. | en-it |
Very simple three points. | שלוש נקודות פשוטות מאוד. | en-he |
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